US9371282B2 - Somatostatin receptor subtype 4 (SSTR4) agonists - Google Patents

Somatostatin receptor subtype 4 (SSTR4) agonists Download PDF

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US9371282B2
US9371282B2 US14/275,879 US201414275879A US9371282B2 US 9371282 B2 US9371282 B2 US 9371282B2 US 201414275879 A US201414275879 A US 201414275879A US 9371282 B2 US9371282 B2 US 9371282B2
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US20140343065A1 (en
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Riccardo Giovannini
Yunhai Cui
Henri Doods
Marco Ferrara
Stefan JUST
Raimund Kuelzer
Iain Lingard
Rocco Mazzaferro
Klaus Rudolf
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Centrexion Therapeutics Corp
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Centrexion Therapeutics Corp
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    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
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    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/415—1,2-Diazoles
    • A61K31/4155—1,2-Diazoles non condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
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    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/415—1,2-Diazoles
    • A61K31/416—1,2-Diazoles condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. indazole
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to 3-aza-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid amide derivatives of general formula (I), which are agonists of somatostatin receptor subtype 4 (SSTR4), useful for preventing or treating medical disorders related to SSTR4.
  • SSTR4 somatostatin receptor subtype 4
  • the invention relates to processes for preparing pharmaceutical compositions as well as processes for manufacture of the compounds according to the invention.
  • Somatostatin or somatotropin-release inhibitory factor (SRIF)
  • SRIF somatotropin-release inhibitory factor
  • Somatostatin is involved in the regulation of processes such as for example cellular proliferation, glucose homeostasis, inflammation and pain.
  • somatostatin or other members of the somatostatin peptide family are believed to inhibit nociceptive and inflammatory processes via the SSTR4 pathway.
  • WO 2010/059922 provides pyrrolidine carboxamide agonists of SSTR4.
  • the compounds of the present invention provide advantageous pharmacokinetic properties.
  • the compounds of the present invention show high metabolic stability.
  • the compounds according to the present invention show high selectivity for the SSTR4 receptor with respect to the other subtypes of the same subfamily including the SSTR1 receptor. As a consequence the probability of side effects is reduced.
  • one aspect of the invention refers to compounds according to formula (I) and salts, hydrates or solvates thereof as agonists of somatostatin receptor 4.
  • Another aspect of the invention refers to compounds according to formula (I) and salts, hydrates or solvates thereof as selective agonists of SSTR4 over other subtypes of the same family, including selectivity over the other subtype of the same subfamily (SSTR1).
  • a further aspect of the invention relates to the physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds of general formula (I) according to this invention with inorganic or organic acids.
  • this invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions, containing at least one compound according to formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof, optionally together with one or more inert carriers and/or diluents.
  • a further aspect of the present invention relates to compounds according to formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof or pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds according to formula (I) or physiologically acceptable salts thereof for the use in the prevention and/or treatment of disorders related to SSTR4.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to processes of manufacture of the compounds of the present invention.
  • a further aspect of the present invention relates to compounds according to formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof or pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds according to formula (I) or physiologically acceptable salts thereof for the use in the prevention and/or treatment of diseases or conditions which can be influenced by activation of SSTR4.
  • the present invention relates to compounds according to formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment of pain of various origins and/or inflammation.
  • At least one of R 3 is preferably attached at the ortho-position or neighbouring position with respect to the attachement point of W to Y.
  • Y is preferably selected from Y 4 .
  • Y is preferably selected from Y 3 , more preferably from Y 5 .
  • the present invention relates to pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates or solvates, more specifically to pharmarceutically acceptable salts, hydrates or solvates for use as a medicament.
  • the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one compound according to the specifications above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the present invention relates compounds according to the specifications above for use in the treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions which can be influenced by modulation of SSTR4, for example for the treatment of pain, e.g. of acute pain, neuropathic peripheral pain, chronic pain or osteoarthritis.
  • pain e.g. of acute pain, neuropathic peripheral pain, chronic pain or osteoarthritis.
  • the present invention relates a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate of the compounds according to the specifications above for use in the treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions which can be influenced by modulation of SSTR4, for example for the treatment of pain, e.g. of acute pain, neuropathic peripheral pain, chronic pain or osteoarthritis.
  • pain e.g. of acute pain, neuropathic peripheral pain, chronic pain or osteoarthritis.
  • the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing at least one compound according to the specifications above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for use in the treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions which can be influenced by modulation of SSTR4, for example for the treatment of pain, e.g. of acute pain, neuropathic peripheral pain, chronic pain or osteoarthritis.
  • a pharmaceutical composition containing at least one compound according to the specifications above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for use in the treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions which can be influenced by modulation of SSTR4, for example for the treatment of pain, e.g. of acute pain, neuropathic peripheral pain, chronic pain or osteoarthritis.
  • PG is a protecting group for an amino function such as outlined in: Peter G. M. Wuts, Theodora W. Greene, Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-Intercience; 4 th edition (Oct. 30, 2006), chapter 7.
  • Preferred protecting groups are tert-butoxycarbonyl-, benzyloxycarbonyl-, 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-, benzyl- and 2,4-dimethoxybenzyl-, most preferred is tert-butoxycarbonyl.
  • R 1.x , R 2.x , R 3.x , A x , W x , and a Y x represents a characterized, individual embodiment for the corresponding substituent as described above.
  • substituents R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , A, W, and Y are fully characterized by the term (R 1.x , R 2.x , R 3.x , A x , W x , and Y x ), wherein for each index x an individual FIGURE is given that ranges from “1” to the highest number given above. All individual embodiments described by the term in parentheses with full permutation of the indices x, referring to the definitions above, shall be comprised by the present invention.
  • Table 1 shows, exemplarily and generally in the order of increasing preference from the first line to the last line, such embodiments E-1 to E-53 of the invention that are considered preferred. This means that, for example, embodiments E-19 to E-28 are preferred over earlier entries, such as E-1 to E-7.
  • E-28 covers compounds of formula (I), wherein
  • E-29 covers compounds of formula (I), wherein
  • the present invention preferrably relates to the following compounds:
  • C 1-6 -alkyl means an alkyl group or radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • the last named subgroup is the radical attachment point, for example, the substituent “aryl-C 1-3 -alkyl-” means an aryl group which is bound to a C 1-3 -alkyl group, the latter of which is bound to the core or to the group to which the substituent is attached.
  • the number of substituents R 3 of W is preferably from 0 to 3, more preferably from 0 to 2, most preferably 1 or 2.
  • a given chemical formula or name shall encompass tautomers and all stereo, optical and geometrical isomers (e.g. enantiomers, diastereomers, E/Z isomers etc. . . . ) and racemates thereof as well as mixtures in different proportions of the separate enantiomers, mixtures of diastereomers, or mixtures of any of the foregoing forms where such isomers and enantiomers exist, as well as salts, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and solvates thereof such as for instance hydrates including solvates of the free compounds or solvates of a salt of the compound.
  • the prefix “meso” indicates the presence of a symmetry element of the second kind (mirror plane, centre of inversion, rotation-reflection axis) in a chemical species.
  • phrases “pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, and commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts refer to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof.
  • examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like.
  • such salts include salts from ammonia, L-arginine, betaine, benethamine, benzathine, calcium hydroxide, choline, deanol, diethanolamine (2,2′-iminobis(ethanol)), diethylamine, 2-(diethylamino)-ethanol, 2-aminoethanol, ethylenediamine, N-ethyl-glucamine, hydrabamine, 1H-imidazole, lysine, magnesium hydroxide, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-morpholine, piperazine, potassium hydroxide, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-pyrrolidine, sodium hydroxide, triethanolamine (2,2′,2′′-nitrilotris(ethanol)), tromethamine, zinc hydroxide, acetic acid, 2,2-dichloro-acetic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, ascorbic acid, L-aspartic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, be
  • salts can be formed with cations from metals like aluminium, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc and the like (also see Pharmaceutical salts, Berge, S. M. et al., J. Pharm. Sci., (1977), 66, 1-19).
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a sufficient amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic diluent like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile, or a mixture thereof.
  • Salts of other acids than those mentioned above which for example are useful for purifying or isolating the compounds of the present invention e.g. trifluoro acetate salts
  • Salts of other acids than those mentioned above which for example are useful for purifying or isolating the compounds of the present invention also comprise a part of the invention.
  • halogen generally denotes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
  • C 1-n -alkyl wherein n is an integer from 2 to n, either alone or in combination with another radical denotes an acyclic, saturated, branched or linear hydrocarbon radical with 1 to n C atoms.
  • C 1-5 -alkyl embraces the radicals H 3 C—, H 3 C—CH 2 —, H 3 C—CH 2 —CH 2 —, H 3 C—CH(CH 3 )—, H 3 C—CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —, H 3 C—CH 2 —CH(CH 3 )—, H 3 C—CH(CH 3 )—CH 2 —, H 3 C—C(CH 3 ) 2 —, H 3 C—CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —, H 3 C—CH 2 —CH 2 —CH(CH 3 )—, H 3 C—CH 2 —CH(CH 3 )—CH 2 —, H 3 C—CH(CH 3 )—CH 2 —, H 3
  • C 1-n -alkylene wherein n is an integer 2 to n, either alone or in combination with another radical, denotes an acyclic, straight or branched chain divalent alkyl radical containing from 1 to n carbon atoms.
  • C 1-4 -alkylene includes —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH(CH 3 )—, —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —C(CH 3 ) 2 —, —CH(CH 2 CH 3 )—, —CH(CH 3 )—CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH(CH 3 )—, —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH(CH 3 )—, —CH(CH 3 )—CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH(CH 3 )—CH 2 —, —CH 2 —C(CH 3 ) 2 —, —C(CH 3 ) 2 —CH 2 —, —CH(CH 3 )—CH(CH 3 )—, —CH 2 —CH(CH 2 CH 3 )—, —CH(CH 2 CH 3 )—,
  • C 2-n -alkenyl is used for a group as defined in the definition for “C 1-n -alkyl” with at least two carbon atoms, if at least two of those carbon atoms of said group are bonded to each other by a double bond.
  • C 2-n -alkynyl is used for a group as defined in the definition for “C 1-n -alkyl” with at least two carbon atoms, if at least two of those carbon atoms of said group are bonded to each other by a triple bond.
  • C 3-n -cycloalkyl wherein n is an integer from 4 to n, either alone or in combination with another radical denotes a cyclic, saturated, unbranched hydrocarbon radical with 3 to n C atoms.
  • C 3-7 -cycloalkyl includes cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.
  • heterocycle is intended to include all the possible isomeric forms.
  • heterocyclyl includes the following exemplary structures which are not depicted as radicals as each form may be attached through a covalent bond to any atom so long as appropriate valences are maintained:
  • aryl as used herein, either alone or in combination with another radical, denotes a carbocyclic aromatic group containing 6 carbon atoms which may be further fused to a second 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic group which may be aromatic, saturated or unsaturated.
  • Aryl includes, but is not limited to, phenyl, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl and dihydronaphthyl.
  • heteroaryl is intended to include all the possible isomeric forms.
  • Preferred heteroaryls for the present invention comprise up to 4 heteroatoms and at least one 5- or 6-membered ring, more preferably at least one 6-memberd ring.
  • heteroaryl includes the following exemplary structures which are not depicted as radicals as each form may be attached through a covalent bond to any atom so long as appropriate valences are maintained:
  • the compounds according to the invention may be obtained using methods of synthesis known in principle.
  • the compounds are obtained by the following methods according to the invention which are described in more detail hereinafter.
  • a derivative of toluene-4-sulfonic acid 2-nitro-ethyl ester is reacted with an alcohol in the presence of an appropriate base such as Cesium carbonate in an appropriate solvent such as N,N-dimethylacetamide at elevated temperatures.
  • the nitro group of the resulting product is converted in the corresponding primary amine by hydrogenation in the presence of an appropriate catalyst such as Raney Nickel in an appropriate solvent such as methanol or by treatment with Zinc in an appropriate solvent such as methanol in the presence of HCl or or by treatment with Tin (II) chloride in an appropriate solvent such as ethanol at elevated temperatures.
  • the amino ether is prepared reacting an amino alcohol with an halide in the presence of an appropriate base such as sodium hydride in an appropriate solvent such as dioxane.
  • Boc protecting group is deprotected with hydrochloric acid in an appropriate solvent such as dioxane, methanol or ethyl ether or with trifluoroacetic acid in appropriate solvent such as dichlorometane.
  • Boc cleavage is carried out upon heating at elevated temperatures in appropriate solvents such as water and methanol.
  • an amino alcohol is coupled with meso-(1R,5S,6r)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid in an appropriate solvent such as DMF and in the presence of a coupling agent (e.g. HATU) and a base (e.g. DIPEA).
  • a coupling agent e.g. HATU
  • a base e.g. DIPEA
  • the resulting alcohol is reacted with an halide in the presence of an appropriate base such as sodium hydride in an appropriate solvent such as dioxane.
  • Boc protecting group is deprotected with hydrochloric acid in an appropriate solvent such as dioxane, methanol or ethyl ether or with trifluoroacetic acid in appropriate solvent such as dichlorometane.
  • Boc cleavage is carried out upon heating at elevated temperatures in appropriate solvents such as water and methanol.
  • Hal halogen
  • PG protecting group for an amino function such as outlined in: Peter G. M. Wuts, Theodora W. Greene, Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-Interscience; 4 edition (Oct. 30, 2006).
  • Preferred protecting groups are tert-butoxycarbonyl- and benzyloxycarbonyl-.
  • a carboxylic acid is coupled with ammonium hydroxide in the presence of 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole in an appropriate solvent such as THF.
  • the primary amide functional group is converted into a nitrile functional group using Burgess reagent in an appropriate solvent such as DCM or using trifluoroacetic anhydride and pyridine in an appropriate solvent such as DCM.
  • a halogen-substituted derivative is converted into a nitrile upon treatment with Zinc cyanide in the presence of a Palladium source (e.g.
  • such group can be substituted upon treatment with a stannane or a boronic acid or a trifluoroborate or a boroxine in the presence of a Palladium source (e.g 1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene-palladium(II)dichloride dichloromethane complex), in appropriate solvents such as DMF at elevated temperatures.
  • a Palladium source e.g 1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene-palladium(II)dichloride dichloromethane complex
  • Boc protecting group is deprotected with hydrochloric acid in an appropriate solvent such as dioxane, methanol or ethyl ether or with trifluoroacetic acid in appropriate solvent such as dichlorometane.
  • Boc cleavage is carried out upon heating at elevated temperatures in appropriate solvents such as water and methanol.
  • Boc removal is accomplished by treatment with a silylating agent (e.g. tert-butyldimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate) in the presence of a base (e.g. 2,6-lutidine) in appropriate solvents such as DCM followed by reaction with a fluoride source (e.g.
  • benzyloxycarbonyl-protecting group is removed by hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst (e.g. palladium on carbon) in appropriate solvents such as MeOH and water.
  • a catalyst e.g. palladium on carbon
  • Partial saturation of W is achieved by hydrogenation in the presence of a metal catalyst (e.g. platinum(IV) oxide hydrate) in an appropriate solvent such as acetic acid.
  • a metal catalyst e.g. platinum(IV) oxide hydrate
  • an appropriate solvent such as acetic acid.
  • a carboxylic acid is esterified with trimethylsilyldiazomethane in appropriate solvents such as DCM and MeOH.
  • the ester is reacted with an appropriate organometallic reagent such as a Grignard reagent in an appropriate solvent such as THF to afford an alcohol, which in turn is treated with acetonitrile or chloroacetonitrile in appropriate acids such as sulfuric acid, acetic acid or trifluoroacetic acid.
  • Acetamide cleavage is carried out in the presence of a base (e.g. Potassium hydroxide) in appropriate solvents such as 1,2 methoxyethanol and ethylene glycol or in concentrated aqueous acid (e.g. 6M HCl).
  • a base e.g. Potassium hydroxide
  • the resulting amine is coupled with meso-(1R,5S,6r)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid in an appropriate solvent such as DCM or DMF and in the presence of a coupling agent (e.g. HATU or TBTU) and a base (e.g. TEA or DIPEA).
  • a coupling agent e.g. HATU or TBTU
  • a base e.g. TEA or DIPEA
  • the Boc protecting group is deprotected with hydrochloric acid in an appropriate solvent such as dioxane, methanol or ethyl ether or with trifluoroacetic acid in appropriate solvent such as dichlorometane.
  • Boc cleavage is carried out upon heating at elevated temperatures in appropriate solvents such as water and methanol.
  • a halogen-substituted derivative is functionalised with R 3 upon treatment with a boronic acid or a trifluoroborate in the presence of a Palladium source (e.g. tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or palladium (II) acetate and tricyclohexylphosphine), a base (e.g. potassium carbonate or tri potassium posphate) in appropriate solvents such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, toluene and water at elevated temperatures.
  • a Palladium source e.g. tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or palladium (II) acetate and tricyclohexylphosphine
  • a base e.g. potassium carbonate or tri potassium posphate
  • solvents such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, toluene and water at elevated temperatures.
  • Boc protecting group is deprotected with hydrochloric acid in an appropriate solvent such as dioxane, methanol or ethyl ether or with trifluoroacetic acid in appropriate solvent such as dichlorometane.
  • Boc cleavage is carried out upon heating at elevated temperatures in appropriate solvents such as water and methanol.
  • a derivative of prop-2-ynyl-carbamic acid benzyl ester is substituted upon treatment with an halide in the presence of a Copper source (e.g. Copper (I) iodide), a Palladium source (e.g. dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium(II)) and a base (e.g. triethylamine) in an appropriate solvent such as acetonitrile.
  • a Copper source e.g. Copper (I) iodide
  • a Palladium source e.g. dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium(II)
  • a base e.g. triethylamine
  • the resulting amine is coupled with meso-(1R,5S,6r)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid in an appropriate solvent such as DMF and in the presence of a coupling agent (e.g. HATU or TBTU) and a base (e.g. TEA or DIPEA).
  • a coupling agent e.g. HATU or TBTU
  • a base e.g. TEA or DIPEA
  • the Boc protecting group is deprotected with hydrochloric acid in an appropriate solvent such as dioxane, methanol or ethyl ether or with trifluoroacetic acid in appropriate solvent such as dichlorometane.
  • Boc cleavage is carried out upon heating at elevated temperatures in appropriate solvents such as water and methanol.
  • R3 substituted as defined for W
  • E C or N, independently
  • PG protecting group for an amino function such as outlined in: Peter G. M. Wuts, Theodora W. Greene, Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-Interscience; 4 edition (Oct. 30, 2006).
  • Preferred protecting groups are tert-butoxycarbonyl-, benzyloxycarbonyl- and 9-fluorenyl methoxycarbonyl-.
  • a carboxylic acid is coupled with 2-(aminomethyl)-substituted heterocycle in an appropriate solvent such as THF or DCM and in the presence of a coupling agent (e.g. TBTU or HATU) and a base (e.g. TEA).
  • a coupling agent e.g. TBTU or HATU
  • a base e.g. TEA
  • Condensation is achieved using Burgess reagent in an appropriate solvent such as DCM or using phosphorus oxychloride and DMF at elevated temperatures.
  • the tert-butoxycarbonyl-protecting group is removed with hydrochloric acid in an appropriate solvent such as ethyl ether while the benzyloxycarbonyl- is removed by hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst (e.g.
  • a ketone is obtained by coupling of a halide with an appropriate tin reagent (e.g. tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)tin) in the presence of a palladium source (e.g. tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)) in an appropriate solvent such as toluene at high temperatures followed by acidic treatment (e.g. aqueous HCl in THF).
  • an appropriate tin reagent e.g. tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)tin
  • a palladium source e.g. tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)
  • acidic treatment e.g. aqueous HCl in THF
  • a ketone is synthesised from an amine by treatment with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal in an appropriate solvent such as toluene at elevated temperatures followed by reaction with chloroacetone and sodium iodide in an appropriate solvent such as DMF at elevated temperatures.
  • the resulting ketone is reacted with an appropriate organometallic reagent such as a Grignard reagent in an appropriate solvent such as THF to afford an alcohol, which in turn is treated with sodium azide in an appropriate acid such as TFA.
  • the alcohol is converted to a leaving group, such as a sulfonic ester by treatment with a sulfonyl chloride (e.g.
  • methanesulfonyl chloride a base (e.g. triethylamine) in an appropriate solvent such as THF.
  • the leaving group is displaced with Sodium azide in DMF to afford an azide.
  • Azide reduction is carried out by hydrogenation in the presence of palladium in an appropriate solvent such as EtOAc.
  • the resulting amine is coupled with meso-(1R,5S,6r)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid in an appropriate solvent such as THF or DMF or DCM and in the presence of a coupling agent (e.g. HATU or TBTU) and a base (e.g. TEA or DIPEA).
  • a coupling agent e.g. HATU or TBTU
  • a base e.g. TEA or DIPEA
  • Boc protecting group is deprotected with hydrochloric acid in an appropriate solvent such as dioxane, methanol or ethyl ether or with trifluoroacetic acid in appropriate solvent such as dichlorometane.
  • Boc cleavage is carried out upon heating at elevated temperatures in appropriate solvents such as water and methanol.
  • PG protecting group for an amino function such as outlined in: Peter G. M. Wuts, Theodora W. Greene, Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-Interscience; 4 edition (Oct. 30, 2006).
  • Preferred protecting group is 4-methoxy-benzyloxycarbonyl-.
  • a carboxylic is converted into the corresponding ester (e.g. with trimethylsilyldiazomethane in DCM/MeOH).
  • the ester is bis-alkylated by treatment with a base (e.g. Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide) in an appropriate solvent such as THF followed by treatment with alkyalating agent(s) (e.g. iodomethane).
  • a base e.g. Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide
  • alkyalating agent(s) e.g. iodomethane
  • the bis-alkylated ester is hydrolysed to the carboxylic acid with a base (e.g. lithium hydroxyde) in appropriate solvent such as THF and water.
  • the carboxylic acid is treated with diphenylphosphoryl azide and a base (e.g.
  • TEA TEA
  • acidic treatment e.g. 4M aqueous HCl
  • carboxylic acid is treated with diphenylphosphoryl azide, a base (e.g. TEA) and an alcohol (e.g. 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol) in an appropriate solvent such as toluene at high temperatures.
  • the 4-methoxy-benzyloxycarbonyl protecting group is deprotected with TFA in an appropriate solvent such as DCM.
  • the amine is coupled with meso-(1R,5S,6r)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid in an appropriate solvent such as DCM or DMF and in the presence of a coupling agent (e.g. HATU or TBTU) and a base (e.g. TEA or DIPEA).
  • a coupling agent e.g. HATU or TBTU
  • a base e.g. TEA or DIPEA
  • the Boc protecting group is deprotected with hydrochloric acid in an appropriate solvent such as dioxane, methanol or ethyl ether or with trifluoroacetic acid in appropriate solvent such as dichlorometane.
  • Boc cleavage is carried out upon heating at elevated temperatures in appropriate solvents such as water and methanol.
  • a secondary amine is coupled with an halide in the presence of an appropriate base such as triethylamine in an appropriate solvent such as DMF.
  • an appropriate base such as triethylamine
  • an appropriate solvent such as DMF.
  • a reductive amination is carried out by reaction with an appropriate aldehyde or ketone, a reducing agent such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride and acetic acid in an appropriate solvent such as DMF.
  • PG protecting group for a heteroaryl or heterocyclyl Nitrogen such as outlined in: Peter G. M. Wuts, Theodora W. Greene, Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-Interscience; 4 edition (Oct. 30, 2006).
  • a carboxylic acid is coupled with ammonium hydroxide in the presence of 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole in an appropriate solvent such as THF.
  • the primary amide functional group is converted into a nitrile functional group using Burgess reagent in an appropriate solvent such as DCM.
  • the trimethylsilylethoxymethyl-protecting group is installed by reaction with 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl chloride, a base (e.g. Sodium hydride) in an appropriate solvent such as DMF.
  • Protected nitriles compounds are reacted with Cerium (III) chloride and alkyllithiums (see J. Org. Chem.
  • R 3 other than H is introduced by treatment with a halide in the presence of a base (e.g. cesium carbonate) in appropriate solvents such as DMF or N,N-dimethyl-acetamide.
  • a base e.g. cesium carbonate
  • the Boc protecting group is deprotected with hydrochloric acid in an appropriate solvent such as dioxane, methanol or ethyl ether or with trifluoroacetic acid in appropriate solvent such as dichlorometane.
  • Boc cleavage is carried out upon heating at elevated temperatures in appropriate solvents such as water and methanol.
  • an alcohol is oxidized to the aldehyde with Dess-Martin periodinane in DCM.
  • the aldehyde is reacted with an ortho-metallated halide in an appropriate solvent such as THF at low temperatures to afford an alcohol, which in turn is oxidized to the ketone with Dess-Martin periodinane in DCM.
  • the ketone is converted to the oxime upon treatment with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in an appropriate solvent such as pyridine.
  • Reaction with a base e.g. potassium tert-butoxide
  • an appropriate solvent such as THF gives rise to a benzoisoxazole optionally substituted with one or more R 3 .
  • R 3 halogen
  • such group can be substituted upon treatment with a stannane or a boronic acid or a trifluoroborate in the presence of a Palladium source (e.g. tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)), in appropriate solvents such as DCM or DMF at elevated temperatures.
  • a Palladium source e.g. tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)
  • Boc protecting group is deprotected with hydrochloric acid in an appropriate solvent such as dioxane, methanol or ethyl ether or with trifluoroacetic acid in appropriate solvent such as dichlorometane.
  • Boc cleavage is carried out upon heating at elevated temperatures in appropriate solvents such as water and methanol.
  • the ketone is converted to the 1H-indazole optionally substituted with one or more R 3 upon treatment with optionally substituted hydrazine in an appropriate solvent such as ethanol at high temperatures.
  • 2H-Indazole optionally substituted with one or more R 3 is obtained upon treatment with optionally substituted hydrazine, a base (e.g. potassium carbonate) and catalytic amounts of copper (II) oxide.
  • R 3 halogen
  • such group can be substituted upon treatment with a stannane or a boronic acid or a trifluoroborate in the presence of a Palladium source (e.g. Palladium(II) acetate), a phosphine (e.g. X-Phos), a base (e.g. potassium carbonate) in appropriate solvents such as cyclopentyl methyl ether and water at elevated temperatures.
  • Boc protecting group is deprotected with hydrochloric acid in an appropriate solvent such as dioxane, methanol or ethyl ether or with trifluoroacetic acid in appropriate solvent such as dichlorometane.
  • Boc cleavage is carried out upon heating at elevated temperatures in appropriate solvents such as water and methanol.
  • a ketone is obtained by coupling of a halide with an appropriate tin reagent (e.g. tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)tin) in the presence of a palladium source (e.g. tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0)) in an appropriate solvent such as toluene at high temperatures optionally followed by acidic treatment (e.g. aqueous HCl in THF).
  • a ketone is converted to the oxime upon treatment with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and a base (e.g. TEA) in an appropriate solvent such as EtOH at elevated temperatures.
  • the oxime is converted in the corresponding primary amine by hydrogenation in the presence of an appropriate catalyst such as Raney Nickel and of ammonium hydroxide in an appropriate solvent such as EtOH.
  • an appropriate catalyst such as Raney Nickel and of ammonium hydroxide in an appropriate solvent such as EtOH.
  • the resulting amine is coupled with meso-(1R,5S,6r)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid in an appropriate solvent such as DCM or DMF and in the presence of a coupling agent (e.g. HATU or TBTU) and a base (e.g. TEA or DIPEA).
  • a coupling agent e.g. HATU or TBTU
  • a base e.g. TEA or DIPEA
  • Boc protecting group is deprotected with hydrochloric acid in an appropriate solvent such as dioxane, methanol or ethyl ether or with trifluoroacetic acid in appropriate solvent such as dichlorometane.
  • Boc cleavage is carried out upon heating at elevated temperatures in appropriate solvents such as water and methanol.
  • PG protecting group for an amino function such as outlined in: Peter G. M. Wuts, Theodora W. Greene, Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-Interscience; 4 edition (Oct. 30, 2006).
  • Preferred protecting group is tert-butoxycarbonyl-.
  • an alcohol is oxidized to the aldehyde with Dess-Martin periodinane in DCM.
  • the aldehyde is reacted with an ortho-metallated halide in an appropriate solvent such as THF at low temperatures to afford an alcohol, which in turn is oxidized to the ketone with Dess-Martin periodinane in DCM.
  • the ketone is converted to the 1H-indazole optionally substituted with one or more R 3 upon treatment with optionally substituted hydrazine in an appropriate solvent such as ethanol at high temperatures.
  • R 3 halogen
  • such group can be substituted upon treatment with a stannane or a boronic acid or a trifluoroborate in the presence of a Palladium source (e.g. 1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene-palladium(II)dichloride dichloromethane complex), a base (e.g. potassium carbonate) in appropriate solvents such as DMF at elevated temperatures.
  • a Palladium source e.g. 1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene-palladium(II)dichloride dichloromethane complex
  • a base e.g. potassium carbonate
  • Boc cleavage is carried out upon heating at elevated temperatures in appropriate solvents such as water and methanol.
  • the resulting amine is coupled with meso-(1R,5S,6r)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid in an appropriate solvent such as DCM or DMF and in the presence of a coupling agent (e.g. HATU or TBTU) and a base (e.g. TEA or DIPEA).
  • a coupling agent e.g. HATU or TBTU
  • a base e.g. TEA or DIPEA
  • Boc protecting group is deprotected with hydrochloric acid in an appropriate solvent such as dioxane, methanol or ethyl ether or with trifluoroacetic acid in appropriate solvent such as dichlorometane.
  • Boc cleavage is carried out upon heating at elevated temperatures in appropriate solvents such as water and methanol.
  • PG protecting group for an amino function such as outlined in: Peter G. M. Wuts, Theodora W. Greene, Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-Interscience; 4 edition (Oct. 30, 2006).
  • Preferred protecting group is tert-butoxycarbonyl-.
  • R 3 substituent as defined for W.
  • an alcohol is oxidized to the aldehyde with Dess-Martin periodinane in DCM.
  • the aldehyde is reacted with an ortho-metallated acetanilide prepared from a corresponding 2-halo acetanilide by halogen-metal exchange in an appropriate solvent such as THF at low temperatures to afford an alcohol, which in turn is oxidized to the ketone with Dess-Martin periodinane in DCM.
  • the ketone is converted to the quinazoline optionally substituted with one or more R 3 upon treatment with ammonia and ammonium chloride in an appropriate solvent such as methanol at high temperatures.
  • Boc-protected deprotection is accomplished with hydrochloric acid in an appropriate solvent such as dioxane, methanol or ethyl ether.
  • Boc cleavage is carried out upon heating at elevated temperatures in appropriate solvents such as water and methanol.
  • the resulting amine is coupled with meso-(1R,5S,6r)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid in an appropriate solvent such as DCM or DMF and in the presence of a coupling agent (e.g. HATU or TBTU) and a base (e.g. TEA or DIPEA).
  • a coupling agent e.g. HATU or TBTU
  • a base e.g. TEA or DIPEA
  • Boc protecting group is deprotected with hydrochloric acid in an appropriate solvent such as dioxane, methanol or ethyl ether or with trifluoroacetic acid in appropriate solvent such as dichlorometane.
  • Boc cleavage is carried out upon heating at elevated temperatures in appropriate solvents such as water and methanol.
  • the present invention relates to the use of a compound of formula (I) for the treatment and/or prevention of a disease or medical condition.
  • the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are useful in the prevention and/or treatment of a disease and/or condition in which the activation of SSTR4 receptors is of therapeutic benefit, including improvement of symptoms, including but not limited to the treatment and/or prevention of pain of any kind and/or inflammatory diseases and/or associated conditions.
  • the present invention encompasses the compounds of the above-mentioned general formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, according to the invention for use as medicaments.
  • visceral pain such as for example chronic pelvic pain, gynaecological pain, pain before and during menstruation, pain caused by pancreatitis, peptic ulcers, interstitial cystitis, renal colic, cholecystitis, prostatitis, angina pectoris, pain caused by irritable bowel, non-ulcerative dyspepsia and gastritis, prostatitis, non-cardiac thoracic pain and pain caused by myocardial ischaemia and cardiac infarct; (3) neuropathic pain such as lumbosacral radiculopathy, low back pain, hip pain, leg pain, non-herpetic neuralgia, post herpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, nerve injury-induced pain, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) related neuropathic pain, head trauma, toxin and chemotherapy caused nerve injuries, phantom limb pain, multiple sclerosis, root avulsions, painful traumatic mononeuropathy,
  • the compounds are also suitable for treating
  • inflammatory and/or oedematous diseases of the skin and mucous membranes such as for example allergic and non-allergic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, burns, sunburn, bacterial inflammations, irritations and inflammations triggered by chemical or natural substances (plants, insects, insect bites), itching; inflammation of the gums, oedema following trauma caused by burns, angiooedema or uveitis;
  • Vascular and heart diseases which are inflammation-related like artheriosclerosis including cardiac transplant atherosclerosis, panarteritis nodosa, periarteritis nodosa, arteritis temporalis, Wegner granulomatosis, giant cell arthritis, reperfusion injury and erythema nodosum, thrombosis (e.g.
  • thrombosis deep vein thrombosis, renal, hepathic, portal vein thrombosis
  • coronary artery disease aneurysm, vascular rejection, myocardial infarction, embolism, stroke, thrombosis including venous thrombosis, angina including unstable angina, coronary plaque inflammation, bacterial-induced inflammation including Chlamydia-induced inflammation, viral induced inflammation, and inflammation associated with surgical procedures
  • vascular grafting including coronary artery bypass surgery, revascularization procedures including angioplasty, stent placement, endarterectomy, or other invasive procedures involving arteries, veins and capillaries, artery restenosis
  • (11) inflammatory changes connected with diseases of the airways and lungs such as bronchial asthma, including allergic asthma (atopic and non-atopic) as well as bronchospasm on exertion, occupationally induced asthma, viral or bacterial exacerbation of an existing asthma and other non-allergically induced asthmatic diseases; chronic
  • diabetic vasculopathy diabetic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy
  • insulitis for example hyperglycaemia, diuresis, proteinuria and increased renal excretion of nitrite and kallikrein
  • insulitis for example hyperglycaemia, diuresis, proteinuria and increased renal excretion of nitrite and kallikrein
  • sepsis and septic shock after bacterial infections or after trauma (16) inflammatory diseases of the joints and connective tissue such as vascular diseases of the connective tissue, sprains and fractures, and musculoskeletal diseases with inflammatory symptoms such as acute rheumatic fever, polymyalgia rheumatica, reactive arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, spondylarthritis, and also osteoarthritis, and inflammation of the connective tissue of other origins, and collagenoses of all origins such as systemic lupus erythematodes, sclero
  • Parkinson's and Alzheimers disease senile dementia
  • multiple sclerosis epilepsy, temporal lobe epilepsy, drug resistant epilepsy, stroke, myasthenia gravis, brain and meningeal infections like encephalomyelitis, meningitis, HIV as well as schizophrenia, delusional disorders, autism, affective disorders and tic disorders
  • (24) cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia, Alzheimer's Disease and other neurological and psychiatric disorders are associated with schizophrenia, Alzheimer's Disease and other neurological and psychiatric disorders.
  • the compounds of general formula (I) may also be useful as disease modifying agent; (25) work-related diseases like pneumoconiosis, including aluminosis, anthracosis, asbestosis, chalicosis, ptilosis, siderosis, silicosis, tabacosis and byssinosis; (26) benign and malignant tumors and neoplasia including cancer, such as colorectal cancer, brain cancer, bone cancer, epithelial cell-derived neoplasia (epithelial carcinoma) such as basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, gastrointestinal cancer such as lip cancer, mouth cancer, esophageal cancer, large bowel cancer, small bowel cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, gastroenteropancreatic tumours, gastric carcinomas, liver cancer, bladder cancer, pancreas cancer, ovary cancer, cervical cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, skin cancer such as squamous cell and basal cell
  • work-related diseases like
  • Suitable uses may include use in the treatment of acromegaly, cancer, arthritis, carcinoid tumours, and vasoactive intestinal peptide tumours; (27) various other disease states and conditions like epilepsy, septic shock e.g. as antihypovolemic and/or antihypotensive agents, sepsis, osteoporosis, benign prostatic hyperplasia and hyperactive bladder, nephritis, pruritis, vitiligo, disturbances of visceral motility at respiratory, genitourinary, gastrointestinal or vascular regions, wounds, allergic skin reactions, mixed-vascular and non-vascular syndromes, septic shock associated with bacterial infections or with trauma, central nervous system injury, tissue damage and postoperative fever, syndromes associated with itching; (28) anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, epilepsy, attention deficit and hyperactive disorders and neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
  • various other disease states and conditions like epilepsy, septic shock e.g
  • the treatment of affective disorders includes bipolar disorders, e.g. manic-depressive psychoses, extreme psychotic states, e.g. mania and excessive mood swings for which a behavioural stabilization is being sought.
  • the treatment of anxiety states includes generalized anxiety as well as social anxiety, agoraphobia and those behavioural states characterized by social withdrawal, e.g. negative symptoms; (29) diseases involving pathological vascular proliferation, e.g. angiogenesis, restenosis, smooth muscle proliferation, endothelial cell proliferation and new blood vessel sprouting or conditions requiring the activation of neovascularization.
  • the angiogenic disease may for example be age-related macular degeneration or vascular proliferation associated with surgical procedures, e.g. angioplasty and AV shunts.
  • arteriosclerosis plaque neovascularization
  • hypertrophic cardiomyopathy myocardial angiogenesis
  • valvular disease myo-cardiac infarction
  • coronary collaterals cerebral collaterals
  • ischemic limb angiogenesis pathological condition in the retina and/or iris-ciliary body of mammals.
  • Such conditions may be high intraocular pressure (10P) and/or deep ocular infections.
  • Treatable diseases may e.g. be glaucoma, stromal keratitis, ulceris, retinitis, cataract and conjunctivitis.
  • Other diseases connected to the eye may be ocular and corneal angiogenic conditions, for example, corneal graft rejection, retrolental fibroplasia, Osier-Webber Syndrome or rubeosis.
  • compounds of the invention after incorporation of a label (e.g. 35-S, 123-I, 125-I, 111-In, 11-C, etc.) either directly in the compound or via a suitable spacer, can also be used for the imaging of healthy or diseased tissues and/or organs, such as prostate, lung, brain, blood vessels or tumours possessing ssti and/or SSTR4 receptors.
  • Preferred according to the present invention is the use of a compound of formula (I) for the treatment and/or prevention of pain; in particular pain that is associated with any one of the diseases or conditions listed above.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is a method for the treatment and/or prevention of above mentioned diseases and conditions, which method comprises the administration of an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) to a human being.
  • a therapeutically effective dose will generally be in the range from about 0.01 mg to about 100 mg/kg of body weight per dosage of a compound of the invention; preferably, from about 0.1 mg to about 20 mg/kg of body weight per dosage.
  • the dosage range would be from about 0.7 mg to about 7000 mg per dosage of a compound of the invention, preferably from about 7.0 mg to about 1400 mg per dosage.
  • Some degree of routine dose optimization may be required to determine an optimal dosing level and pattern.
  • the active ingredient may be administered from 1 to 6 times a day.
  • the actual pharmaceutically effective amount or therapeutic dosage will of course depend on factors known by those skilled in the art such as age and weight of the patient, route of administration and severity of disease. In any case the combination will be administered at dosages and in a manner which allows a pharmaceutically effective amount to be delivered based upon patient's unique condition.
  • Suitable preparations for administering the compounds of formula (I) will be apparent to those with ordinary skill in the art and include for example tablets, pills, capsules, suppositories, lozenges, troches, solutions, syrups, elixirs, sachets, injectables, inhalatives and powders etc.
  • the content of the pharmaceutically active compound(s) should be in the range from 1 to 99 wt.-%, preferably 10 to 90 wt.-%, more preferably 20 to 70 wt.-%, of the composition as a whole.
  • Suitable tablets may be obtained, for example, by mixing one or more compounds according to formula (I) with known excipients, for example inert diluents, carriers, disintegrants, adjuvants, surfactants, binders and/or lubricants.
  • excipients for example inert diluents, carriers, disintegrants, adjuvants, surfactants, binders and/or lubricants.
  • the tablets may also consist of several layers.
  • a further aspect of the invention is a pharmaceutical formulation including a compound of formula (I) in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier.
  • the compounds according to the present invention can be combined with other treatment options known to be used in the art in connection with a treatment of any of the indications the treatment of which is in the focus of the present invention.
  • Combination therapy is also possible with new principles for the treatment of pain e.g. P2X3 antagonists, VR1 antagonists, NK1 and NK2 antagonists, NMDA antagonists, mGluR antagonists and the like.
  • the combination of compounds is preferably a synergistic combination.
  • Synergy as described for example by Chou and Talalay, Adv. Enzyme Regul. 22:27-55 (1984), occurs when the effect of the compounds when administered in combination is greater than the additive effect of the compounds when administered alone as a single agent. In general, a synergistic effect is most clearly demonstrated at suboptimal concentrations of the compounds. Synergy can be in terms of lower cytotoxicity, increased pharmacological effect, or some other beneficial effect of the combination compared with the individual components.
  • HPLC apparatus type Agilent 1100; column: Daicel chiralpack AD-H, 5.0 ⁇ m, 250 mm ⁇ 4.6 mm; method: eluent hexane/IPA 70:30; flow rate: 1 mL/min, Temperature: 25° C.; UV Detection: 230 nm
  • HPLC apparatus type Agilent 1100; column: Daicel chiralpack AD-H, 5.0 ⁇ m, 250 mm ⁇ 4.6 mm; method: eluent hexane/IPA 85:15; flow rate: 1 mL/min, Temperature: 25° C.; UV Detection: 230 nm
  • HPLC apparatus type Agilent 1100; column: Daicel chiralpack AD-H, 5.0 ⁇ m, 250 mm ⁇ 4.6 mm; method: eluent hexane/IPA 75:25; flow rate: 1 mL/min, Temperature: 25° C.; UV Detection: 230 nm
  • HPLC apparatus type Agilent 1100; column: Daicel chiralpack OJ-H, 5.0 ⁇ m, 250 mm ⁇ 4.6 mm; method: eluent hexane/ethanol 93:7; flow rate: 1 mL/min, Temperature: 25° C.; UV Detection: 230 nm
  • HPLC apparatus type Agilent 1100; column: Daicel chiralpack AS-H, 5.0 ⁇ m, 250 mm ⁇ 4.6 mm; method: eluent hexane/ethanol 95:5; flow rate: 1 mL/min, Temperature: 25° C.; UV Detection: 230 nm
  • Example 1q is prepared as described for example 1a using 2-fluorophenol (148 mg, 1.317 mmol) as starting material and the reaction is heated for 90 minutes at 130° C. The reaction mixture is treated with water and extracted with ethyl ether. The organic layer is washed with brine and 5% K 2 CO 3 , dried and evaporated under reduced pressure to furnish the title compound (170 mg, 62%).
  • Example 1c (65 mg, 90% content, 0.262 mmol) method: 1 R t [min]: 0.76 MS (ESI pos or APCI, m/z) (M + H) + : 194 2d
  • Example 1d (2.1 g, 96% content, 9.63 mmol) method: 2 R t [min]: 0.73 MS (ESI pos or APCI, m/z) (M + H) + : 180 2e
  • Example 1i 150 mg, 0.7
  • Example 2k is prepared from example 1r (70 mg, 0.273 mmol) in analogy to the example 2a.
  • the work-up residue is purified over SCX cartridge, washed with MeOH and eluted with methanolic ammonia. Volatiles are removed under reduced pressure to furnish the title compound (17 mg, 28%)
  • Example 1o 110 mg, 0.466 mmol
  • tin (II) chloride dihydrate 420 mg, 1.86 mmol
  • dry absolute ethanol 20 mL
  • the reaction mixture is cooled and saturated Na 2 CO 3 solution is added.
  • the solids are removed by filtration through a celite pad and EtOAc added to the resulting mixture.
  • 2-Amino-2-methyl-propan-1-ol (11 mL, 118.8 mmol) is dissolved in dioxane (20 mL) and sodium hydride (60% suspension in mineral oil, 5.0 g, 124.7 mmol) is added portionwise at 0° C. and after 15 minutes 2-fluoro-3-methyl-pyridine (3 mL, 29.7 mmol) is added. The resulting mixture is heated at 100° C. for 1 h. The reaction is diluted with DCM and washed with water. The organic layer is separated, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure to furnish the title compound (5.1 g, 95%) that is used as such.
  • Example 2u is prepared in analogy to example 2t using 3-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-pyridine (8 g, 48.46 mmol) as starting material with the exception that the final residue is dissolved in MeOH and washed with n-heptane. Volatiles are removed under reduce pressure to give the title compound (9.5 g, 84%)
  • Example 2b (55 mg, 0.236 mmol) 7.55 7 443 3c
  • Example 21 (90 mg, 0.246 mmol) 3.86 8 460 3d
  • Example 2e (59 mg, 88% content, 0.288 mmol) 6.28 7 390 3e
  • Example 2q (161 mg, 0.66 mmol) 1.37 2 454 3f
  • Example 2f (147 mg, 0.682 mmol) using HPLC preparative purification after purification by flash chromatography 3.42/4.06 8 426 3g
  • Example 2m (152 mg, 0.460 mmol) 3.43 8 426 3h
  • Example 2k (17 mg, 89% content, 0.076 mmol) 3.55 8 408
  • TBTU (70 mg, 0.218 mmol) is added to meso-(1R,5S,6r)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid (45 mg, 0.198 mmol), example 2c (46 mg, 91% content, 0.218 mmol) and TEA (80 ⁇ l, 0.594 mmol) in dry DMF (1.5 mL) and stirring is continued for 3 h. The reaction is diluted with water and washed with ethyl ether. The organic layer is washed with NaHCO 3 satured solution and water, then is separated, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure to furnish the title compound (85 mg, 86%) that is used as such.
  • Example 2d (79 mg, 0.440 mmol) 1.34 2 389 3k
  • Example 2n (370 mg, 1.43 mmol) 1.47 2 468 3l
  • Example 2o (580 mg, 2.71 mmol) 1.50 2 423 3m
  • Example 2r (100 mg, 0.591 mmol) 1.01 2 379 3n
  • Example 2g (43 mg, 83% content, 0.198 mmol) 1.42 1 349 3o
  • Example 2s (100 mg, 90% content, 0.436 mmol) 1.27 2 416 3p
  • Example 2i (61 mg, 0.242 mmol, 71% content) 0.82 1 390 3q
  • Example 2j (40 mg, 0.218 mmol) 1.31 1 393 3r 1-Methyl-2-o- tolyloxy- ethylamine (300 mg, 50% content, 0.908 mmol) 1.36 2 375
  • Example 3s is prepared as described for example 3i using 1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-2-methyl-propan-2-amine (68 mg, 0.352 mmol) as starting material. The reaction is stirred for 2 days. After the usual work-up, the residue is purified by preparative HPLC (stationary phase: Sunfire C18 ODB 5 ⁇ m 19 ⁇ 100 mm. Mobile phase: ACN/H 2 O+CF 3 COOH 0.05%). Fractions containing the title compound are combined, and evaporated to furnish the title compound (95 mg, 62%).
  • Example 2t (5.1 g, 28.29 mmol), HATU (10.8 g, 28.295 mmol) and DIPEA (15.5 g, 56.589 mmol) are added to meso-(1R,5S,6r)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid (6.4 g, 28.295 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) and stirring is continued for 3 h. Volatiles are evaporated under reduced pressure. EtOAc is added and the reaction mixture is washed with NaHCO 3 satured solution and then with brine. The organic layer is separated by Phase separator cartridge and solvent evaporated affording a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (eluent 20-50% EtOAc/cyclohexane) to furnish the title compound (8.4 g, 76%).
  • Example 2u (3 g, 12.80 mmol), HATU (4.87 g, 12.809 mmol) and DIPEA (4.46 mL, 25.617 mmol) are added to meso-(1R,5S,6r)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid (2.62 g, 11.528 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) and stirring is continued for 2 h. Volatiles are evaporated under reduced pressure, the crude is taken up with EtOAc and the organic layer is washed with NaHCO 3 saturated solution and brine. The organic layer is dried and evaporated to furnish a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (eluent 40-70% EtOAc/cyclohexane) to furnish the title compound (4g, 98% content, 69%).
  • HATU (12 g, 31.682 mmol), DIPEA (6 mL, 34.322 mmol) and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (2.5 g, 27.722 mmol) are added to meso-(1R,5S,6r)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid (6 g, 26.402 mmol) in dry DMF (40 mL) and stirring is continued overnight. Volatiles are evaporated under reduced pressure to furnish a residue that is taken up in EtOAc, washed with 10% citric acid, sat. NaHCO 3 and dried using a phase separator cartridge. The resulting solution is evaporated under reduced pressure to furnish a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (eluent 50-90% EtOAc/cyclohexane) to furnish the title compound (6.2 g, 79%).
  • Example 5f is prepared as described for example 5a using 1-chloroisoquinoline (164 mg, 1 mmol) as starting material with the exception that the mixture is stirred for 2 h at rt and then heated at 60° C. for 3 h. Volatiles are evaporated under reduced pressure to furnish a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (eluent 20-50% EtOAc/cyclohexane) to furnish the title compound (159 mg, 74%).
  • example 4a 200 mg, 0.670 mmol
  • 2-fluoro-3-(trifluoro-methyl)pyridine 221 mg, 1.34 mmol
  • the reaction mixture is allowed to reach rt and then is heated at 110° C. under microwave irradiation for 50 minutes.
  • reaction mixture is diluted with DCM and washed with water, and then with saturated NH 4 Cl, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure giving a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (eluent 0-40% EtOAc/cyclohexane) to furnish the title compound (200 mg, 64%).
  • Example 5k is prepared as described for example 5a using 2-chloro-3-methylpyrazine (86 mg, 0.67 mmol) as starting material with the exception that the mixture is stirred for 2 h at rt and then heated at 60° C. overnight. Following preparative HPLC purification, the resulting material is purified by flash chromatography (eluent 20-50% EtOAc/cyclohexane) to furnish the title compound (42 mg, 32%).
  • Example 5l is prepared as described for example 5 h using 3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-pyridine as starting material (184 mg, 1.34 mmol).
  • Trifluoroacetic anhydride (1.16 mL, 8.37 mmol) is added to a solution of 6e (600 mg, 3.35 mmol) in pyridine (6 mL) and DCM (15 mL). After 30 min the reaction is diluted with EtOAc, washed with saturated NaHCO 3 , saturated NH 4 Cl, water and brine. The organic layer is separated and dried with a Phase separator cartridge and evaporated under vacuum to furnish the title compound (500 mg, 93%), that is used as such.
  • n-Butyllithium (2.5 M in hexanes, 29 mL, 72 mmol) is added dropwise to N-tert-butyl-4-chloropyridine-2-carboxamide (7.00 g, 32.9 mmol) in THF (70 mL) at ⁇ 78° C. After 1 h at ⁇ 78° C. iodomethane (6.8 mL, 109 mmol) is added and stirring is continued for 1 h.
  • n-Butyllithium (2.5 M in hexanes, 28 mL, 70 mmol) is added dropwise to diisopropylamine (10 mL, 70 mmol) in THF (100 mL) at ⁇ 78° C. After 1 h at ⁇ 78° C. and 15 min at 0° C. the reaction mixture is cooled to ⁇ 50° C. and N-tert-butyl-4-chloro-3-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (5.7 g, 25 mmol) in THF (50 mL) is added dropwise and stirring is continued for 30 min at ⁇ 40° C.
  • Trimethylboroxine (5.7 mL, 41 mmol) is added to 4-chloro-3-(2-oxo-propyl)-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid tert-butylamide (3.63 g, 13.5 mmol), potassium carbonate (9.33 g, 67.5 mmol) and 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene-palladium(11)dichloride dichloromethane complex (1.10 g, 1.35 mmol) in DMF (60 mL) and the reaction mixture is heated at 100° C. overnight. Volatiles are evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue dissolved with EtOAc/water.
  • Example 8f is prepared as described for example 8a using 3-methylisoquinoline-1-carbonitrile (350 mg, 2.08 mmol) as starting material. Following work-up, the resulting residue is purified by flash chromatography (eluent 100% DCM to 95:5:0.5 DCM/MeOH/NH 4 OH) to furnish the title compound (162 mg, 39%).
  • Example 8 h is prepared as described for example 8a using 1-cyanoisoquinoline (400 mg, 2.6 mmol) as starting material. At the reaction completion, 3-propanol (3 mL) is added to the mixture. The reaction mixture is partitioned between DCM and water.
  • Methylmagnesium bromide in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (3.2M, 6.3 mL, 20.10 mmol) is added dropwise to 2-cyano-3-methyl-pyridine (1 g, 8.04 mmol) in dry toluene (7 mL) at 0° C.
  • the reaction is allowed to reach RT and heating is continued for 72 h at 90° C.
  • 2N HCl is added and the aqueous layer is separated and then basified with 4N NH 4 OH.
  • Ethyl acetate is added and the organic layer is separated, dried using a phase separator cartridge and the resulting solution is evaporated under reduced pressure to furnish a residue that is used as such (840 mg, 30%)
  • Example 7d (350 mg, 2.00 mmol) 0.62 2 191 (M ⁇ NH 2 ) + 8m
  • Example 7i (300 mg, 1.71 mmol) 0.64 2 191 (M ⁇ NH 2 ) + 8n
  • Example 7j (300 mg, 1.71 mmol) 0.68 1 191 (M ⁇ NH 2 ) + 8o
  • Example 7h (400 mg, 1.78 mmol) 0.77 2 241 (M ⁇ NH 2 ) + 8p
  • Example 7k (2.80 g, 16.6 mmol) 0.57 2 202 8q
  • Example 7l (300 mg, 1.77 mmol) 0.62 2 202 8r
  • Example 7m (300 mg, 98% content, 1.87 mmol) 0.29 2 1.90 8s 1-Methyl- 4-Iso- quinoline- carboni- trile (500 mg
  • HATU (326 mg, 0.858 mmol) is added to meso-(1R,5S,6r)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid (150 mg, 0.660 mmol), example 8i (397 mg, 30% content, 0.92 mmol) and DIPEA (345 ⁇ l, 1.98 mmol) in dry DMF (2 mL) and stirring is continued for 2 h. Volatiles are evaporated under reduced pressure to furnish a residue that is diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated NaHCO 3 and brine.
  • Example 8a (1.060 g, 70% content, 3.921 mmol) 3.03 8 399 9c
  • Example 8b (972 mg, 30% content, 1.099 mol) 1.32 2 475 9d
  • Example 8f (161 mg, 0.804 mmol) 3.61 8 410 9e
  • Example 8g (70 mg, 60% content, 0.206 mol) 3.11 8 414 9f
  • Example 8h (37 mg, 0.165 mmol) 1.14 2 396
  • Example 9g is prepared as described for the example 9a using 8d (130 mg, 60% content, 0.445 mmol) as starting material. Following the work-up, the residue is purified by preparative HPLC (stationary phase: Sunfire C18 ODB 5 ⁇ m 19 ⁇ 100 mm. Mobile phase: ACN/H 2 O+CF 3 COOH 0.05%). Fractions containing the title compound are combined, acetonitrile is evaporated under reduced pressure, the aqueous layer is basified with sat. NaHCO 3 and extracted with DCM. The organic layer is separated and dried using a phase separator cartridge and the resulting solution is evaporated under reduced pressure to furnish the title compound (142 mg, 83%).
  • Example 9 h is prepared as described for the example 9a using 8e (100 mg, 90% content, 0.483 mmol) as starting material. Following the work-up, the residue is purified by flash chromatography (eluent 60-100% EtOAc/cyclohexane). Fractions containing the title compound are combined, the solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure to furnish the title compound (144 mg, 76%).
  • Example 9l is prepared as described for the example 9a using 8j (620 mg, 30% content, 0.964 mmol) as starting material. Following the work-up, the residue is purified by flash chromatography (eluent 30-100% EtOAc/cyclohexane). Fractions containing the title compound are combined, the solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure to furnish a residue that is re purified by preparative HPLC (stationary phase: Xbridge C18 5 ⁇ m 19 ⁇ 100 mm. Mobile phase: ACN/H 2 O+NH 4 COOH 5 mM). Fractions containing the title compound are combined and ACN is evaporated under reduced pressure. The aqueous layer is extracted with DCM, separated and the DCM is evaporated to furnish the title compound (62 mg, 16%)
  • Example 9q is prepared as described for the example 9a using 8p (1.70 g, 13% content, 1.10 mmol) as starting material. Following the work-up, the residue is purified by flash chromatography (eluent EtOAc, then 5% MeOH in DCM). Fractions containing the title compound are combined, the solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure to furnish a residue that is further purified by preparative HPLC (stationary phase XTerra C18 OBD 5 ⁇ m 30 ⁇ 100 mm. Mobile phase: ACN/H 2 O+NH 4 COOH 5 mM). Fractions containing the title compound are combined and ACN is evaporated under reduced pressure. The aqueous layer is extracted with DCM, separated and the DCM is evaporated to furnish the title compound (110 mg, 98% content, 24%)
  • Example 9r is prepared as described for the example 9a using 8q
  • Example 9s is prepared as described for the example 9a using 8r
  • HATU (223 mg, 0.587 mmol) is added to meso-(1R,5S,6r)-3-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid (commercially available from Matrix Scientific, 118 mg, 0.451 mmol), example 8u (100 mg, 85% content, 0.451 mmol) and DIPEA (236 ⁇ l, 1.35 mmol) in dry DMF (5 mL) and stirring is continued for 2 h. Volatiles are evaporated under reduced pressure to furnish a residue that is diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated NaHCO 3 and brine.
  • Example 8v (200 mg, 83% content, 0.88 mmol) 0.93 2 399 9x
  • Example 8w 300 mg, 70% content, 1.20 mmol) 0.93 2 385 9y
  • Example 8x (530 mg, 50% content, 1.51 mmol) 0.80 2 385 9z
  • Example 8y (480 mg, 34% content, 0.93 mmol) 0.87 2 385 9aa
  • Example 8z (600 mg, 32% content, 1.10 mmol) 1.22 2 384 9ab
  • Example 8aa (100 mg, 50% content, 0.26 mmol) 1.08 2 399 9ac
  • Example 8ab (290 mg, 49% content, 0.66 mmol) 1.40 2 425 9ad
  • Example 8ac (458 mg, 20% content, 0.36 mmol) 1.37 2 462 9ae
  • Example 8ad (203 mg, 70% content, 0.87 mmol) 0.96 2
  • the stereoisomers of the example 9af are separated by HPLC using a chiral stationary phase.
  • HPLC apparatus type Waters 600 Pump, 2767 Autosampler, UV Detector 2489; column: Daicel chiralpack AD-H, 5.0 ⁇ m, 250 mm ⁇ 20 mm; method: eluent hexane/IPA 80:20; flow rate: 15 mL/min, temperature: 25° C.; UV Detection: 230 nm.
  • the stereoisomers of the example 9aj are separated by HPLC using a chiral stationary phase.
  • HPLC apparatus type Waters 600 Pump, 2767 Autosampler, UV Detector 2489; column: Daicel chiralpack AD-H, 5.0 ⁇ m, 250 mm ⁇ 20 mm; method: eluent hexane/IPA 75:25; flow rate: 15 mL/min, temperature: 25° C.; UV Detection: 230 nm.
  • Trimethylsilyldiazomethane (10% in ethyl ether, 10.5 mL, 6.17 mmol) is added dropwise to 2-chromanecarboxylic acid (1 g, 5.61 mmol) in dry DCM (8 mL) and MeOH (0.8 mL) cooled to 0° C. Stirring is continued for 60 min, then the solvents are evaporated under reduced pressure to furnish the title compound (1g, 95%).
  • methylmagnesium bromide in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (3.2M, 3 mL, 9.74 mmol) is added dropwise to example 10a (1 g, 4.82 mmol) dissolved in dry THF (20 mL) cooled to 0° C. Stirring is continued at 0° C. for 5 min followed by 2 h at rt. The reaction mixture is cooled to 0° C. and a satured solution of NH 4 Cl is added dropwise. EtOAc is added, the organic layer separated, washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated under reduced pressure to furnish the title compound (915 mg, 89%).
  • HATU (103 mg, 0.272 mmol) is added to meso-(1R,5S,6r)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid (48 mg, 0.21 mmol), example 13a (40 mg, 0.21 mmol) and DIPEA (109 ⁇ l, 0.627 mmol) in dry DMF (1 mL) and stirring is continued for 2 h at rt. Volatiles are evaporated under reduced pressure to furnish a residue that is diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated NaHCO 3 and brine. The organic layer is separated, dried on a Phase separator cartridge and evaporated under reduce pressure to give a residue purified by flash chromatography (eluent 30-50% EtOAc/cyclohexane) to furnish the title compound (48 mg, 56%).
  • Example 3e 150 mg, 0.330 mmol
  • potassium cyclopropyltrifluoroborate 122 mg, 0.827 mmol
  • palladium (II) acetate 22 mg, 0.099 mmol
  • tricyclohexylphosphine 56 mg, 0.199 mmol
  • tri potassium posphate 246 mg, 1.16 mmol
  • Example 5i 85 mg, 0.17 mmol and cyclopropylboronic acid (22 mg, 0.254 mmol) in dry 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1 mL) are degassed with a flow of nitrogen for 5 minutes. Potassium carbonate (0.25 mL, 0.51 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (20 mg, 0.017 mmol) are added and the reaction mixture is heated at 90° C. overnight.
  • Example 5g (140 mg, 0.283 mmol) is dissolved in EtOH (15 mL) and palladium (30 mg, 0.028 mmol) is added. The mixture is hydrogenated at 2 bar for 3 h. The catalyst is removed by filtration and washed with MeOH. The resulting solution is evaporated under reduced pressure to furnish a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (eluent 60-90% EtOAc/cyclohexane) to furnish the title compound (60 mg, 54%).
  • N-(Benzyloxycarbonyloxy)succinimide (5.2 g, 20.90 mmol) is added to a solution of 1,1-dimethylpropargylamine (2 mL, 19 mmol) and TEA (3 mL, 20.90 mmol) in dry THF (60 mL) at 0° C. The mixture is allowed to reach rt and stirring is continued overnight. Volatiles are evaporated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue taken up with EtOAc and washed with water and brine. The organic layer is dried and evaporated under reduced pressure to furnish a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (eluent 0-20% EtOAc/cyclohexane) to furnish the title compound (2.7 g, 65%).
  • 2-Bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (1.5 g, 6.63 mmol) is added to a solution of example 16a (500 mg, 2.21 mmol) in TEA (3.5 mL, 25.25 mmol) and dry ACN (14 mL) at rt. Then Copper (I) Iodide (84 mg, 0.442 mmol) and dichlorobis(triphenyl-phosphine)palladium(II) (155 mg, 0.221 mmol) are added and stirring is continued overnight. Solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure and the crude is purified by flash chromatography (eluent 0-40% EtOAc/cyclohexane) to furnish the title compound (800 mg, 99%).
  • Example 17a (800 mg, 2.075 mmol) is dissolved in MeOH (30 mL) and palladium (50 mg, 0.470 mmol) is added. The mixture is hydrogenated at 1 bar overnight and then at 3 bar for 72 h. The catalyst is removed by filtration and washed with MeOH. The resulting solution is evaporated under reduced pressure to furnish the title compound (432 mg, 90%).
  • HATU (184 mg, 0.484 mmol) is added to meso-(1R,5S,6r)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid (100 mg, 0.440 mmol), example 18a (102 mg, 0.440 mmol) and DIPEA (228 ⁇ l, 1.32 mmol) in dry DMF (6 mL) and stirring is continued for 2 h. Volatiles are evaporated under reduced pressure and the crude is taken up with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated NaHCO 3 and brine.
  • Example 20a (685 mg, 2.335 mmol) is dissolved in DCM (10 mL) and cooled to 0° C., then Burgess reagent (610 mg, 2.560 mmol) is added. The mixture is allowed to reach rt and stirring is continued overnight. The reaction mixture is washed with water and brine. The organic layer is dried, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to give a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (eluent EtOAc/cyclohexane 30:70) to furnish the title compound (258 mg, 40%).
  • Example 21a 400 mg, 1.453 mmol
  • N-iodosuccinimide (654 mg, 2.905 mmol)
  • pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate 36 mg, 0.15 mmol
  • Example 21c (260 mg, 90% content, 0.583 mmol), 2,2-difluoro-2-(fluorosulfonyl)acetate (0.370 mL, 2.916 mmol) and copper (I) iodide (133 mg, 0.700 mmol) are dissolved in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (4 mL) and the reaction is stirred at 110° for 90 minutes. The mixture is cooled, diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic extracts are dried and the solvent removed. The residue is purified by flash chromatography (0-50% EtOAc in cyclohexane) to give the title compound (51 mg, 90% content, 23%)
  • Example 20c (841 mg) is suspended in phosphorus oxychloride (17 mL, 177.39 mmol) and 8 drops of dry DMF are added. The mixture is heated at 100° C. for 3 h. The mixture is cooled and solvent evaporated. The residue is partioned in a mixture of 1N NaOH and EtOAc. The organic layer is washed with brine, dried filtered and evaporated to give a residue purified by flash chromatography (first eluent EtOAc 100%, second eluent MeOH 100%) to furnish the title compound (70 mg)
  • Example 21a (998 mg, 3.62 mmol) is dissolved in dichloromethane (10 mL) and cooled to 0° C. N-bromosuccinimide (677 mg, 3.81 mmol) is added and the mixture is stirred for one hour. Saturated sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution is added, the mixture shaken, the phases separated, the organic phase dried and the solvent removed under vacuum. The residue is purified by flash chromatography (0-50% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane) to give the title compound (785 mg, 61%).
  • Example 21f 200 mg, 0.56 mmol), potassium cyclopropyltrifluoroborate (167 mg, 1.13 mmol), Potassium triphosphate (419 mg, 1.98 mmol), tricyclohexylphosphine (32 mg, 0.11 mmol) and palladium (II) acetate (13 mg, 0.06 mmol) are suspended in a mixture of toluene (5 mL) and water (0.2 mL) in a microwave vial and degassed for 5 minutes with a flow of nitrogen gas. The mixture is heated under microwave irradiation for 5 hours at 120° C. then allowed to cool and diluted with ethyl acetate and water. The phases are separated, the organic phase dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent removed under vacuum. The residue is purified by flash chromatography (0-2% methanol in dichloromethane) to give the title compound (40 mg, 23%).
  • Example 21 h (52 mg, crude material) is suspended in 0.5 M ammonia solution in dry dioxane and the mixture stirred overnight. The solvent is removed under vacuum to give the title compound as a crude material which is used without further purification (52 mg, 50% content).
  • Example 21i 51 mg, 50% content
  • Burgess reagent 38 mg, 0.16 mmol
  • Water is added, the phases are separated, the organic phase dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent removed under vacuum.
  • the residue is purified by flash chromatography (0-50% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane) to give the title compound (22 mg, 91%).
  • Example 21f (229 mg, 0.65 mmol), potassium 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl(trifluoro)boron (184 mg, 0.97 mmol), Potassium triphosphate (412 mg, 1.94 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (75 mg, 0.06 mmol) are suspended in a mixture of dioxane (5 mL) and water (0.5 mL) in a screwtop tube and degassed for 5 minutes with a flow of argon gas. The mixture is heated 4 hours at 100° C. then allowed to cool and diluted with ethyl acetate and water. The phases are separated, the organic phase washed with brine and the solvent removed under vacuum. The residue is purified by flash chromatography (0-100% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane) to give the title compound (41 mg).
  • Example 20 h (1.51 g, 4.67 mmol) is suspended in DCM (40 mL) and Burgess reagent (1.22 g, 5.14 mmol) is added. The mixture is allowed to stirred overnight then washed with 0.2M aqueous NaOH solution. The organic layer is dried, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to give a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (eluent 0-100% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane) to furnish the title compound (751 mg, 53%).
  • Example 21q (200 mg, 0.68 mmol) is suspended in DCM (4 mL) and cooled to 0° C. N-iodosucciminide (153 mg, 0.68 mmol) is added and the mixture stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. 10% aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution is added, the mixture shaken and the phases separated. The organic layer is evaporated under reduced pressure to give a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (eluent 0-50% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane) to furnish the title compound (200 mg, 70%).
  • Example 21 ad 200 mg, 0.48 mmol
  • methyl 2,2-difluoro-2-(fluorosulfonyl)acetate 182 ⁇ L, 1.43 mmol
  • copper(I)iodide 136 mg, 0.72 mmol
  • N-methylpyrrolidinone 4 mL
  • the mixture is cooled in ice, diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate.
  • the organic layer is evaporated under reduced pressure to give a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (eluent 0-50% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane) to furnish the title compound (150 mg, 78%).
  • Example 21q (1.3 g, 4.43 mmol) is suspended in DCM (12 mL) and cooled to 0° C. N-bromosucciminide (0.83 g, 4.65 mmol) is added and the mixture stirred at 0° C. for 60 minutes. Saturated aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution is added, the mixture stirred for 30 minutes and the phases separated. The organic layer is evaporated under reduced pressure to give a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (eluent 0-50% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane) to furnish the title compound (600 mg, 36%).
  • Example 21 af (600 mg, 1.61 mmol), potassium cyclopropyltrifluoroborate (477 mg, 3.22 mmol), Potassium triphosphate (1.20 g mg, 5.64 mmol), tricyclohexylphosphine (90 mg, 0.32 mmol) and palladium (II) acetate (36 mg, 0.16 mmol) are suspended in a mixture of toluene (17 mL) and water (0.2 mL) in a microwave vial and degassed for 5 minutes with a flow of nitrogen gas. The mixture is heated under microwave irradiation for 2 ⁇ 5 hours at 120° C. then allowed to cool and diluted with ethyl acetate and water. The phases are separated, the organic phase filtered through decalite and the solvent removed under vacuum. The residue is purified by flash chromatography (0-20% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane) to give the title compound (170 mg, 30%).
  • Example 21 af (270 mg, 0.73 mmol), trimethylboroxine (274 mg, 2.18 mmol), potassium carbonate (1.20 g mg, 5.64 mmol), and palladium (II) (dppf) dichloride dichloromethane complex (59 mg, 0.07 mmol) are suspended in DMF (3 mL) and degassed for 5 minutes with a flow of nitrogen gas. The mixture is heated in a sealed tube for 2 hours at 100° C. then allowed to cool and diluted with ethyl acetate and water. The phases are separated and the solvent removed under vacuum. The residue is purified by flash chromatography (0-20% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane) to give the title compound (110 mg, 42%).
  • Example 20u (220 mg, 0.67 mmol) is suspended in phosphorus oxychloride (3 mL) and heated at 100° C. for 2 h. The mixture is cooled and solvent evaporated. The residue is partioned in a mixture of 1N NaOH and EtOAc. The organic layer is washed with brine, dried, filtered and evaporated to give a residue purified by flash chromatography (eluent Ethyl acetate/cyclohexane 8:3) to furnish the title compound (38 mg)
  • Example 20a The title compound is prepared in analogy to the procedure described for the synthesis of Example 20a and Example 21a starting from Cbz-Aib-OH in place of Boc-Aib-OH
  • Example 21e (70 mg) is dissolved in MeOH (30 mL) and water (2 mL) and the solution is hydrogenated (3 bar) in the presence of palladium (10% on carbon, 46 mg) for 1 h.
  • Example 21ai (34 mg) is dissolved in ethyl acetate (2 mL) and the solution is hydrogenated (1.6 bar) in the presence of palladium (10% on carbon, 24 mg) for 2 h. The solids are removed by filtration through a dicalite pad and the resulting solution is evaporated to give the title compound (13 mg) that is used as such.
  • Example 21aj (99 mg, 0.30 mmol) is suspended in ethanol, 10% palladium on activated carbon (15 mg) is added an the mixture hydrogenated at 3.5 bar overnight. The mixture is filtered through celite and the solvent removed to give crude title compound (59 mg)
  • Example 23b is prepared in analogy to example 23a from example 22b (41 mg, 90% content, 0.132 mmol) as starting material. After stirring the reaction overnight, volatiles are removed and the resulting residue is purified by flash chromatography (eluent 0-60% EtOAc/cyclohexane) to furnish the title compound (41 mg, 95% content, 69%).
  • Example 22e (30 mg, 0.12 mmol), meso-(1R,5S,6r)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid (33 mg, 0.140 mmol), Et 3 N (53 ⁇ L, 0.38 mmol) and HATU (54 mg, 0.140 mmol) are suspended in dry THF (5 mL) and the mixture stirred over a weekend. The solvent is removed, the residue redissolved in DCM, washed with 0.2M aqueous NaOH solution and brine. The organic layer is dried, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to give a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (eluent 0-100% EtOAc in cyclohexane) to give the title compound (Yield 35 mg)
  • Example 231 (420 mg, 1.05 mmol) is suspended in dichloromethane (8 mL) at 0° C. and N-iodosuccinimide (236 mg, 1.05 mmol) is added. The mixture is stirred for 10 minutes then shaken with 5% sodium thiosulfate solution, the phases separated, the organic phase dried and the solvent removed. The residue is purified by flash chromatography (Eluent; 50% EtOAc in cyclohexane) to give the title compound (409 mg, 70%)
  • Example 23ad (100 mg, 0.18 mmol), potassium cyclopropyltrifluoroborate (266 mg, 1.80 mmol), Potassium triphosphate (670 mg, 3.15 mmol), tricyclohexylphosphine (56 mg, 0.20 mmol) and palladium (II) acetate (22 mg, 0.10 mmol) are suspended in a mixture of toluene (15 mL) and water (0.6 mL) and degassed for 5 minutes with a flow of nitrogen gas. The mixture is heated at 90° C. for 24 hours then allowed to cool and diluted with dichloromethane and water. The phases are separated, the organic dried, filtered and the solvent removed under vacuum. The residue is purified by flash chromatography (Eluent: 40% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane) to give the title compound (28 mg).
  • Example 23ad 200 mg, 0.36 mmol
  • 2,2-difluoro-2-(fluorosulfonyl)acetate (219 mg, 3.13 mmol) and copper (I) iodide (108 mg, 1.56 mmol) are dissolved in dry 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (4 mL) and the reaction is stirred at 110° for 60 minutes.
  • the mixture is cooled, diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate.
  • the organic extracts are dried and the solvent removed.
  • the residue is purified by flash chromatography (Eluent: 0-50% EtOAc in cyclohexane) followed by reverse phase preparative HPLC to give the title compound (43 mg, 25%)
  • Example 23q (140 mg, 50% content, 0.17 mmol), potassium cyclopropyltrifluoroborate (50 mg, 0.33 mmol), Potassium triphosphate (124 mg, 0.58 mmol), tricyclohexylphosphine (9 mg, 0.03 mmol) and palladium (II) acetate (4 mg, 0.02 mmol) are suspended in a mixture of toluene (0.7 mL) and water (0.2 mL) and degassed for 5 minutes with a flow of nitrogen gas. The mixture is heated under microwave irradiation at 120° C. for 2 hours.
  • N-[1-(3-Bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-methylidene]-N′-methyl-hydrazine (5.7 g, 26.63 mmol), copper (I) iodide (507 mg, 2.66 mmol), trans-N,N′-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (76 mg, 0.533 mmol) and potassium carbonate (7.36 g, 53.25 mmol) are suspended in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (20 mL) and heated at 120° C. for 3 h. The mixture is diluted with saturated ammonium chloride solution and ethyl acetate.
  • Example 24a (1.4 g, 9.59 mmol) is dissolved in dry DMF (80 mL) and sodium iodide (1.4 g, 9.59 mmol) and chloroacetone (1.6 g, 17.26 mmol) are added. The mixture is heated at 80° C. overnight. The reaction mixture is partitioned between water and ethyl acetate and filtered through a dicalite pad. The organic layer is washed with 1N NaOH, water and then dried over Na 2 SO 4 . Volatiles are evaporated and the resulting residue is purified by flash chromatography (eluent 70-100% EtOAc/cyclohexane) to furnish the title compound (132 mg, 9%)
  • Methylmagnesium bromide (1.4M in THF, 1 mL, 1.4 mmol) is added to example 26a (132 mg, 0.819 mmol) in THF (10 mL) at 0° C. The mixture is stirred at 0° C. for 30 min and at rt for 60 min. Saturated NH 4 Cl is added to the reaction mixture cooled to 0° C. followed by EtOAc. The organic layer is dried, filtered and evaporated to give a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (eluent EtOAc 100%) to furnish the title compound (94 mg, 65%)
  • Example 27c is prepared from example 26b (70 mg, 0.400 mmol) in analogy to the example 27a without purification by flash chromatography. The title compound (68 mg, 89%) is used as such.
  • example 27a Sodium azide (172 mg, 2.65 mmol) is added to example 27a (94 mg, 0.531 mmol) in TFA (1.5 mL, 19.56 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction is allowed to reach rt and stirring is continued overnight. The reaction mixture is diluted with water, basified with saturated K 2 CO 3 and taken up with EtOAc. The organic layer is dried and filtered to give 3-(1-azido-1-methyl-ethyl)-imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine (as a solution in EtOAc).
  • 3-(1-Azido-1-methyl-ethyl)-imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine (solution in ethyl acetate) is hydrogenated (1 bar) in presence of palladium (5% on carbon, 15 mg, 0.007 mmol) for 1 h.
  • Methanesulfonyl chloride (0.61 mL, 7.91 mmol) is added dropwise to 27d (500 mg, 80% content, 1.98 mmol) and triethylamine (1.4 mL, 7.9 mmol) in THF (20 mL) at ⁇ 78° C. Stirring is continued for 1.5 h at rt. The reaction mixture is diluted with water and ethyl acetate. The phases are separated and the organic phase is dried and volatiles are evaporated to give methanesulfonic acid 1-methyl-1-(8-methyl-quinazolin-4-yl)-ethyl ester (680 mg, 78% content, 96%) that is used as such.
  • HATU (205 mg, 0.540 mmol) is added to meso-(1R,5S,6r)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid (123 mg, 0.540 mmol), example 28a (100 mg) and TEA (301 ⁇ l, 2.160 mmol) in dry DCM (1 mL) and stirring is continued for 1 h. The mixture is washed with 1N NaOH and brine. The organic phase is separated, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue is purified by flash chromatography (eluent 0-5% MeOH/EtOAc) to furnish the title compound (118 mg).
  • HATU 134 mg, 0.353 mmol
  • meso-(1R,5S,6r)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid 80 mg, 0.353 mmol
  • example 28b 56 mg, 0.294 mmol
  • TEA 90 ⁇ l, 0.648 mmol
  • Solvent is removed and the resulting residue is purified by flash chromatography (eluent 0-100% EtOAc/Cyclohexane) to furnish the title compound (107 mg, 91%).
  • HATU (295 mg, 0.775 mmol) is added to meso-(1R,5S,6r)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid (136 mg, 0.596 mmol), example 28d (150 mg, 80% content, 0.596 mmol) and DIPEA (312 ⁇ l, 1.79 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) and stirring is continued overnight. Volatiles are evaporated under reduced pressure to furnish a residue that is diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated NaHCO 3 and brine.
  • Trimethylsilydiazomethane (9.7 mL, 19.40 mmol) is added dropwise to benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl-acetic acid (3.3 g, 17.64 mmol) in DCM/MeOH 11:1 (22 mL/2 mL) at 0° C. and stirring is continued for 1 h at 0° C. Volatiles are evaporated to give the title compound (3.3 g, 99%)
  • Example 30a (1.5 g, 7.85 mmol) is dissolved in dry THF (30 mL) and the mixture is cooled at 0° C. Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide 1M in THF (29 mL, 29 mmol) is added dropwise, the reaction is allowed to reach rt and stirred for 2 h. Iodomethane (1.8 mL, 29 mmol) is added dropwise and the reaction is stirred at rt overnight. NH 4 Cl satured solution is added and the reaction is extracted with EtOAc. Organic phase is washed with brine, dried and evaporated to give a residue that is purified by flash chromatography (eluent 0-10% EtOAc/Cyclohexane) to furnish the title compound (870 mg, 51%).
  • example 30b (1.42 g, 95% content, 6.57 mmol) in DMF (12 mL) at 0° C.
  • the reaction is allowed to reach rt and stirred for 30 min.
  • Iodomethane (2.1 mL, 33.20 mmol) is added dropwise to the reaction mixture cooled at 0° C. and the reaction is stirred at rt overnight.
  • Diphenylphosphoryl azide (0.450 mL, 2.112 mmol) is added to example 32a (402 mg, 98% content, 1.92 mmol) and TEA (0.320 mL, 2.304 mmol) in toluene (3 mL) and the mixture is stirred at rt for 1 h.
  • the mixture is added to toluene heated at 90° C. (3 mL) and heating is continued for 2 h at this temperature. Then the reaction is allowed to reach rt and stirred overnight.
  • Diphenylphosphoryl azide (0.596 mL, 2.773 mmol) is added to example 32b (640 mg, 2.919 mmol) and TEA (0.386 mL, 2.773 mmol) in toluene (5.4 mL) and the mixture is stirred at rt for 1 h and at 80° C. for 2 h.
  • 4-Methoxybenzyl alcohol (0.364 mL, 2.919 mmol) and TEA (0.386 mL, 2.773 mmol) are added and stirring is continued overnight at 80° C.
  • HATU (184 mg, 0.484 mmol) is added to meso-(1R,5S,6r)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid (84 mg, 0.371 mmol), example 33a (77 mg, 85% content, 0.371 mmol) and DIPEA (194 ⁇ l, 1.114 mmol) in dry DMF (1 mL) and stirring is continued for 2 h. Volatiles are evaporated under reduced pressure and the crude is taken up with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated NaHCO 3 and brine.
  • HATU (378 mg, 1.26 mmol) is added to meso-(1R,5S,6r)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid (220 mg, 0.966 mmol), example 33b (300 mg, 98% content, 0.966 mmol) and DIPEA (505 ⁇ l, 2.90 mmol) in dry DMF (2 mL) and stirring is continued for 2 h. Volatiles are evaporated under reduced pressure and the crude is taken up with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated NaHCO 3 and brine.
US14/275,879 2013-05-17 2014-05-12 Somatostatin receptor subtype 4 (SSTR4) agonists Active US9371282B2 (en)

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