US8976505B2 - Method for controlling a glow plug in a diesel engine - Google Patents

Method for controlling a glow plug in a diesel engine Download PDF

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Publication number
US8976505B2
US8976505B2 US12/227,736 US22773607A US8976505B2 US 8976505 B2 US8976505 B2 US 8976505B2 US 22773607 A US22773607 A US 22773607A US 8976505 B2 US8976505 B2 US 8976505B2
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glow plug
threshold value
temperature
preheating phase
gradient
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US20090316328A1 (en
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Markus KERNWEIN
Olaf Toedter
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BorgWarner Ludwigsburg GmbH
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BorgWarner Beru Systems GmbH
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Assigned to BERU AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment BERU AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KERNWEIN, MARKUS, TOEDTER, OLAF
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P19/00—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
    • F02P19/02—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P19/00—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
    • F02P19/02—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
    • F02P19/025—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs with means for determining glow plug temperature or glow plug resistance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P19/00—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
    • F02P19/02—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
    • F02P19/021—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs characterised by power delivery controls
    • F02P19/023—Individual control of the glow plugs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling a glow plug in a diesel engine.
  • FIG. 1 shows the block diagram of a glow plug control device 1 used for carrying out a method known from an article entitled “The electronically controlled ISS preheat system for diesel engines”, published in DE-Z MTZ Motortechnische Zeitschrift 61, (2000) 10, pp. 668-675.
  • That control device comprises a microprocessor 2 with integrated digital-to-analog converter, a number of MOSFET power semiconductors 3 for switching on and off an identical number of glow plugs 4 , an electric interface 5 for establishing connection with an engine control unit 6 , and an internal voltage supply 7 for the microprocessor 2 and for the interface 5 .
  • the internal voltage supply 7 is connected with a vehicle battery via “terminal 15 ” of a vehicle.
  • the microprocessor 2 controls the power semiconductors 3 , reads their status information and communicates with the engine control unit 6 via the electric interface 5 .
  • the signals required for communication between the engine control unit 6 and the microprocessor 2 are conditioned by the interface 5 .
  • the voltage supply 7 supplies a steady voltage for the microprocessor 2 and the interface 5 .
  • the control unit 1 supplies the heater plugs 1 with a heating-up voltage of 11 Volts, for example, in time average so that the glow plugs will as quickly as possible exceed the ignition temperature—approximately 860° C.—and reach the steady-state temperature, which the glow plug is to assume and to maintain after ignition of the engine until the engine has reached its normal operating temperature.
  • the steady-state temperature typically is in the range of approximately 1000° C.
  • the voltage required for maintaining the steady-state temperature is lower than that required for heating up the glow plug.
  • the power semiconductors 3 are controlled by the microprocessor 2 by a pulse-width modulation method with the result that the voltage provided by the on-board system, which is supplied to the power semiconductor 3 via “terminal 30 ” of the vehicle, is modulated so that the desired voltage will be applied to the heater plugs in time average.
  • the ignition temperature and the steady-state temperature should be reached as quickly as possible.
  • a temperature of 1000° C. is reached already after approximately 2 s, starting out from a cold engine (for example 0° C.).
  • a rapid rise in temperature cannot end abruptly.
  • the temperature will overshoot, i.e. it will rise beyond the steady-state temperature, in spite of the fact that the effective voltage has been lowered from 11 Volts, for example, to 6 Volts, reaching a maximum of typically some ten degrees up to approximately 200° C. above the desired steady-state temperature, and dropping to the desired steady-state temperature only thereafter.
  • the time required for heating up the glow plug from the cold starting condition to the point where the steady-state temperature is exceeded is also known as preheating time or preheating phase.
  • preheating time or preheating phase In order to ensure that this temperature will be reached but will not be exceeded to an extent that the glow plug may be damaged or its service life may be impaired, it has been known to supply the glow plug, during the preheating phase, with a predefined energy in the form of electric energy.
  • the energy, and the period of time over which it is supplied are factors that influence the rapidity of temperature rise in the tip of the glow plug and, together with the starting temperature of the glow plug, also the degree of temperature overshoot of the glow plug.
  • While rapid rising of the glow plug temperature is desirable to permit the diesel engine to be started without delay, if possible, it sets the glow plug at a risk of being overloaded and damaged, or of its service life being impaired.
  • One particular risk is seen in the development of an excessively high temperature, especially due to excessive temperature overshoot in the temperature curve.
  • Another particular risk results from the unavoidable thermal inertia of the glow plug and from the fact that glow plugs are composed from materials of different thermal inertia, namely from materials of different thermal capacity and different thermal conductivity. Consequently, temperature differences will be encountered in glow plugs, especially in interface areas between different materials, which differences will rise as the temperature differences increase, while the temperature differences will become the higher the more quickly the temperature changes. The mechanical stresses encountered in every preheating phase may cause damage to the glow plug and/or may reduce its service life.
  • the temperature measurement and the control of the temperature on the basis of that measurement are rendered even more difficult by the short duration of the heating-up phase and the steepness of the temperature rise.
  • the scatter of the resistance values and the dynamics of the temperature rise together provide the worst imaginable preconditions for controlling the temperature in the preheating phase.
  • DE 102 47 042 B3 proposes to reproduce the thermal behavior of the glow plug in its preheating phase by means of a physical model, for example using a capacitor designed so that is will store electric energy supplied to it with similar dynamics as the glow plug by which the electric energy supplied to it during the preheating phase is converted to heat and stored.
  • the physical model of the glow plug is implemented in the control device for the glow plug and is supplied with a small current in parallel to the heating power of the glow plug. If a capacitor is used, then its design is such that its charge is proportional to the temperature of the glow plug.
  • the control device monitors the charge of the capacitor and controls the glow plug based on its charging state, starting out from the assumption that its charge corresponds to the temperature of the glow plug. It is a disadvantage of that arrangement that the result cannot possibly be better than the physical model.
  • the temperature curve of the glow plug depends of quite a number of factors: Variations of the supply voltage, statistical variation of the glow plug resistance, the conditions of installation of the glow plug in the engine, the engine temperature, the operating state of the engine, especially the engine speed, the injection rate, the engine load and, finally, the state of ageing of the glow plug.
  • a glow plug is controlled in a diesel engine, especially during the preheating phase, by measuring the time derivative of a time-dependent electric variable of the glow plug, comparing it with a threshold value and varying the effective supply voltage of the glow plug when the threshold value is passed.
  • FIG. 1 shows the block diagram of a glow plug control device
  • FIG. 2 shows a typical curve of the temperature of a glow plug and the related curves of the gradients of the glow plug resistance and of the current flowing through the glow plug, as well as certain examples for the selection of threshold values.
  • useful information on the development of the heating process of a glow plug is derived from the time gradient of a temperature-dependent measured electric variable.
  • the resistance can be determined by measuring the voltage available in the on-board system, combined with an independent power measurement.
  • the way how to take into account the resistance of the supply line has been disclosed by DE 10 2006 010 082 A1, to which reference is therefore expressly made.
  • Modern steel glow plugs with short heating-up times comprise a heater coil and a sensor coil combination concentrated in the tip of the glow plug, the resistance of the heater coil having a smaller temperature coefficient than the resistance of the controlling coil, which may have a PTC characteristic, for example.
  • the gradient of the electric resistance is the highest in the cold condition of the glow plug. It drops as the temperature rises and passes the value zero when the temperature of the glow plug reaches its maximum, then gets negative when the temperature of the glow plug drops again, and approaches the value zero as the temperature of the glow plug approaches its steady-state temperature. Limiting the maximum of the gradient of the resistance is the easiest way to limit the steepness of the temperature rise. This is most simply achieved by reducing the effective supply voltage of the glow plug when the gradient exceeds a predefined threshold value. Conversely, if the observed gradient lies below a threshold value, the effective supply voltage for the glow plug may be correspondingly increased to speed up the heating process.
  • Another way of carrying out the method according to the invention consists in observing the power consumption of the glow plug, this value being likewise temperature-dependent, given the temperature dependence of the electric resistance of the glow plug.
  • the power consumption is the highest in the cold condition of the glow plug, then drops until the glow plug passes its temperature maximum, and then rises again slightly until the glow plug approaches its steady-state temperature. Consequently, the gradient of the electric current is negative at the beginning, rises during the preheating phase of the glow plug, then passes the value zero when the resistance of the glow plug reaches its maximum, and finally approaches the value zero, coming from positive values, as the temperature of the glow plug approaches its constant steady-state temperature.
  • the absolute value of the gradient may be used for comparison with the threshold values.
  • the threshold values can be derived from empirical values.
  • the curve of the gradient of the electric resistance can be compared with a reference curve.
  • this development can be counteracted by reducing the effective supply voltage of the glow plug, whereas in cases where the observed curve of the gradient of the power is flatter than the reference curve the effective supply voltage to the glow plug can be temporarily increased in order to accelerate the heating-up process of the glow plug.
  • a single threshold value may be determined for the gradient of the electric resistance and/or the gradient of the electric power consumption so as to limit the steepness of the temperature rise absolutely toward the top. That limitation is effective in the lower temperature range of the preheating phase.
  • the temperature level that can be reached may be controlled, irrespective of any controlling manipulation of the effective supply voltage intended to avoid that certain threshold values will be exceeded, by supplying the glow plug with a predefined energy in the preheating phase. That energy mainly determines the temperature that can be reached, the period of time over which the energy is supplied getting somewhat longer in case an initially excessive temperature rise should be decelerated by the method according to the invention, whereas the preheating phase gets shorter in case the effective supply voltage should be increased in consequence of the gradient dropping below its lower limit.
  • the threshold values are adapted in steps, i.e. are reduced in steps as the preheating phase proceeds.
  • quite useful results are achieved when the preheating phase is subdivided into three to six intervals, and when accordingly three to six threshold values are determined for the upper limit of the gradient.
  • the lower limit for the gradient where the effective supply voltage may be temporarily increased so as to accelerate the heating-up process of the glow plug, can be determined correspondingly.
  • the steps may be determined on a time basis, but may also be related to the variation of the electric resistance or to the variation of the electric power consumption or to the progress of energy supply, the last-mentioned possibility being especially preferred because when the preheating phase is subdivided into intervals of identical energy supply this automatically will lead to the result that the threshold values will be adapted at shorter intervals as the temperature rise gets steeper.
  • the gradients are measured periodically and in a recurrent way.
  • the shorter the period the more perfect the control.
  • the gradient is determined at least 20 times per second, preferably at least 30 times per second.
  • the frequency of pulse width modulation, used for adjusting the effective supply voltage preferably is equal to one integral multiple of the frequency of determination of the gradient; a method where the two frequencies conform one with the other is especially preferred. This allows the points in time where the gradients are determined to be synchronized with the pulse width modulation for the power supply.
  • One advantage of the invention resides in the fact that it is now even possible to control the curve of the electric resistance or of the electric power consumption to a nominal value that can be derived from the ideal temperature curve of an ideal glow plug.
  • the ideal temperature curve of an ideal glow plug can be stored in the control device for the glow plug, for example in a memory of the microprocessor or the microcontroller that controls the voltage supply of the glow plug and the process of determining the measured values for determination of the gradients, that compares the gradients with the threshold values and that adjusts the respective voltage supplied to the glow plug as a function of the result of such comparison.
  • the threshold values may be stored in the memory of the microprocessor or microcontroller especially as a sequence of discrete threshold values, distributed troller especially as a sequence of discrete threshold values, distributed over the curve of the preheating phase, from which the microprocessor or the microcontroller selects at any time the one that belongs to the respective point in time in the respective preheating phase for which the gradient had been determined.
  • FIG. 2 shows by way of example a typical curve of the temperature of a glow plug and the related curves of the gradients of the glow plug resistance and of the current flowing through the glow plug, as well as certain examples for the selection of threshold values.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
US12/227,736 2006-06-02 2007-05-31 Method for controlling a glow plug in a diesel engine Active 2030-11-25 US8976505B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006025834A DE102006025834B4 (de) 2006-06-02 2006-06-02 Verfahren zum Steuern einer Glühkerze in einem Dieselmotor
DE102006025834 2006-06-02
DE102006025834.7 2006-06-02
PCT/EP2007/004813 WO2007140922A1 (de) 2006-06-02 2007-05-31 Verfahren zum steuern einer glühkerze in einem dieselmotor

Publications (2)

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US20090316328A1 US20090316328A1 (en) 2009-12-24
US8976505B2 true US8976505B2 (en) 2015-03-10

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US (1) US8976505B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
EP (1) EP2024634B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
JP (1) JP4944951B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
KR (1) KR101371397B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
DE (1) DE102006025834B4 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)
WO (1) WO2007140922A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html)

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US20130233272A1 (en) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-12 Borgwarner Beru Systems Gmbh Method for closed-loop control of the temperature of a glow plug
US20150034055A1 (en) * 2013-07-31 2015-02-05 Borgwarner Ludwigsburg Gmbh Method for igniting a fuel/air mixture, ignition system and glow plug
US20160195056A1 (en) * 2012-12-27 2016-07-07 Bosch Corporation Glow plug diagnosis method and vehicle glow plug drive control apparatus
RU2660979C1 (ru) * 2017-04-17 2018-07-11 Олег Петрович Ильин Устройство для накала калильной свечи
US11274647B2 (en) * 2017-07-14 2022-03-15 Borgwarner Ludwigsburg Gmbh Method for regulating the temperature of a glow plug

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DE102009032959B4 (de) * 2009-07-14 2012-04-05 Beru Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Glühkerze
JP5155964B2 (ja) 2009-08-07 2013-03-06 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグの通電制御装置及び発熱システム
DE102009046438B4 (de) * 2009-11-05 2025-07-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Regelung oder Steuerung der Temperatur einer Glühstiftkerze
DE102011006790B4 (de) * 2010-04-05 2021-04-22 Denso Corporation Steuerungsvorrichtung zum steuern einer stromzufuhr an eine glühkerze, die in einer dieselbrennkraftmaschine angebracht ist
JP5540841B2 (ja) * 2010-04-05 2014-07-02 株式会社デンソー グロープラグ通電制御装置
DE102010029047A1 (de) * 2010-05-18 2011-11-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reduzierung der Temperaturtoleranz von Glühstiftkerzen
DE102011004514A1 (de) 2011-02-22 2012-08-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Steuergerät zur Einstellung einer Temperatur einer Glühstiftkerze
US9528487B2 (en) * 2011-11-17 2016-12-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Starter motor control with pre-spin
DE102012217787B3 (de) * 2012-09-28 2014-02-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Diagnose einer Einrichtung zur Bestimmung der Temperatur einer Komponente eines elektrischen Aggregates
JP6075247B2 (ja) * 2013-08-29 2017-02-08 マツダ株式会社 グロープラグ制御装置及びグロープラグの温度推定方法
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130233272A1 (en) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-12 Borgwarner Beru Systems Gmbh Method for closed-loop control of the temperature of a glow plug
US9163605B2 (en) * 2012-03-09 2015-10-20 Borgwarner Ludwigsburg Gmbh Method for closed-loop control of the temperature of a glow plug
US20160195056A1 (en) * 2012-12-27 2016-07-07 Bosch Corporation Glow plug diagnosis method and vehicle glow plug drive control apparatus
US9822755B2 (en) * 2012-12-27 2017-11-21 Bosch Corporation Glow plug diagnosis method and vehicle glow plug drive control apparatus
US20150034055A1 (en) * 2013-07-31 2015-02-05 Borgwarner Ludwigsburg Gmbh Method for igniting a fuel/air mixture, ignition system and glow plug
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KR101371397B1 (ko) 2014-03-10
DE102006025834B4 (de) 2010-05-12
US20090316328A1 (en) 2009-12-24
KR20090015093A (ko) 2009-02-11
JP2009539010A (ja) 2009-11-12
EP2024634A1 (de) 2009-02-18
EP2024634B1 (de) 2014-10-01
WO2007140922A1 (de) 2007-12-13
JP4944951B2 (ja) 2012-06-06

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