US8795658B2 - Stabilization of immunoglobulins through aqueous formulation with histidine at weak acidic to neutral pH - Google Patents

Stabilization of immunoglobulins through aqueous formulation with histidine at weak acidic to neutral pH Download PDF

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US8795658B2
US8795658B2 US13/235,314 US201113235314A US8795658B2 US 8795658 B2 US8795658 B2 US 8795658B2 US 201113235314 A US201113235314 A US 201113235314A US 8795658 B2 US8795658 B2 US 8795658B2
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composition
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immunoglobulin
specific embodiment
stored under
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US20120076772A1 (en
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Harald Arno Butterweck
Bernhard Kölbl
Lucia Hofbauer
Wolfgang Teschner
Hans-Peter Schwarz
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Baxalta GmbH
Baxalta Inc
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Baxter Healthcare SA
Baxter International Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
    • A61K39/39591—Stabilisation, fragmentation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/08—Solutions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/14—Alkali metal chlorides; Alkaline earth metal chlorides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
    • A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
    • A61K47/183—Amino acids, e.g. glycine, EDTA or aspartame
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/04—Antihaemorrhagics; Procoagulants; Haemostatic agents; Antifibrinolytic agents

Definitions

  • Biologics are medicinal products created by biological processes, including preparations isolated from natural sources (e.g., human plasma) and recombinant DNA technologies. Within the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries, biologics are becoming increasingly important for patient treatment and overall revenue growth (Goodman M. Nat Rev Drug Discov. (2009) November; 8(11):837).
  • One important class of biologic drugs is therapeutic proteins, both isolated from natural sources and recombinantly produced.
  • plasma proteins are manufactured for therapeutic administration by isolation from pooled human plasma (e.g., GAMMAGARD LIQUID® [IVIG, Immune Globulin Intravenous (Human) 10%]; Baxter International, Deerfield, Ill.) and recombinant means (e.g., ADVATE® [Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant), Plasma/Albumin-Free Method]; Baxter International, Deerfield, Ill.).
  • GAMMAGARD LIQUID® IVIG, Immune Globulin Intravenous (Human) 10%
  • Baxter International, Deerfield, Ill. recombinant means
  • ADVATE® Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant), Plasma/Albumin-Free Method
  • IV intravenous
  • SQ subcutaneous
  • intramuscular administration although other routes of administration may be used depending upon the therapeutic protein and condition being treated.
  • Most of the immunoglobulins are administered intravenously as larger volumes can be delivered rapidly by the intravenous route to provide the physiologic levels of IgG needed for the effective treatment of various diseases, such as primary immune deficiencies (PID), immune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and the Kawasaki syndrome. Due to the nature of IV administration, therapy via this route is a slow and timely process, leading to problems with patient compliance.
  • PID primary immune deficiencies
  • ITP immune idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
  • Kawasaki syndrome Due to the nature of IV administration, therapy via this route is a slow and timely process, leading to problems with patient compliance.
  • SQ administration of therapeutic proteins is an alternative to intravenous administration. Compared to IV infusions, SQ administration has several advantages. For example, it can reduce the incidence of systemic reactions, it does not require sometimes-difficult IV access, and gives patients more independence.
  • intravenously administrable immunoglobulins have been formulated at acidic pH, effectively increasing their stability in the formulation (products that are formulated at acidic pH are, e.g., Gamunex (Talecris), Gammagard Liquid (Baxter) or Privigen (CSL).
  • products that are formulated at acidic pH are, e.g., Gamunex (Talecris), Gammagard Liquid (Baxter) or Privigen (CSL).
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,267,958 describes the formulation of lyophilized monoclonal antibodies with low concentrations of histidine buffer (i.e., 5-10 mM) at pH 6.0 or 7.0 and a disaccharide (i.e., sucrose or trehalose) at a molar concentration that is 100 to 1500 times greater than the molar concentration of the monoclonal antibody.
  • histidine buffer i.e., 5-10 mM
  • a disaccharide i.e., sucrose or trehalose
  • U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0015157 describes the formulation of monoclonal antibodies with low concentrations of histidine acetate buffer (i.e., 10-20 mM) at pH 5.5 to 6.5 with non-ionic surfactants and/or disaccharides (i.e., sucrose or trehalose).
  • histidine acetate buffer i.e. 10-20 mM
  • non-ionic surfactants and/or disaccharides i.e., sucrose or trehalose.
  • the monoclonal antibody formulations are unstable in the absence of a non-ionic surfactants and/or disaccharides, as evidenced by the high turbidity and level of antibody aggregation seen in compositions formulated with histidine alone.
  • the present invention satisfies these and other needs by, among other aspects, providing immunoglobulin compositions formulated with histidine at mild acidic to neutral pH that stabilize labile therapeutic proteins.
  • the present invention is based in part by the surprising finding that the inclusion of histidine in an immunoglobulin composition formulated at mildly acidic to neutral pH significantly stabilizes the formulation.
  • the storage-stable aqueous immunoglobulin compositions provided herein remain stable for long periods at temperatures (e.g., for a year or longer) without the inclusion of additional excipients such as non-ionic surfactants and saccharides.
  • the aqueous immunoglobulin compositions provided herein which are formulated with moderate to high concentrations of histidine (i.e., from 50 mM to 500 mM), are stable at mildly acidic to neutral pH in the absence of surfactants (e.g., non-ionic surfactants such as polysorbate 80) and saccharides (e.g., disaccharides such as sucrose and trehalose).
  • surfactants e.g., non-ionic surfactants such as polysorbate 80
  • saccharides e.g., disaccharides such as sucrose and trehalose
  • immunoglobulins may be beneficial, as acute renal failure or insufficiency has been linked to the use of IVIG formulated with sucrose, maltose, and glucose (MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999 Jun. 25; 48(24):518-21; Kwan et al. Hong Kong Med J. 2005 February; 11(1):45-9).
  • sever hypersensitivity reactions may occur in patients administered IVIG formulated with polysorbate 80.
  • Hizentra® Immunune Globulin Subcutaneous (Human), 20% Liquid; CSL Behring AG, Bern, Switzerland
  • Hizentra Prescribing Information an anaphylactic or severe systemic reaction to the administration of human immune globulin or to components of Hizentra, such as polysorbate 80 (Hizentra Prescribing Information).
  • SQ subcutaneously
  • IM intramuscularly
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: (a) an immunoglobulin; (b) from 50 mM to 500 mM histidine; (c) from 0 mM to 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and (d) a pH from 5.5 to 7.0.
  • the composition contains from 150 mM to 350 mM histidine.
  • the composition contains from 225 mM to 275 mM histidine.
  • the composition contains from 0 mM to 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains from 10 mM to 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the composition contains from 100 mM to 200 mM chloride ions.
  • the pH of the composition is from 5.5 to 6.5.
  • the pH of the composition is 6.1 ⁇ 0.2.
  • the composition further comprises an antioxidant.
  • the composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • aqueous immunoglobulin compositions provided above, the composition is stored under an inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under an inert gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, helium, krypton, and xenon.
  • aqueous immunoglobulin compositions provided above, the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • aqueous immunoglobulin compositions provided above, the composition is stored under argon.
  • the immunoglobulin is a polyclonal immunoglobulin.
  • the immunoglobulin is a monoclonal immunoglobulin.
  • the immunoglobulin is an IgG immunoglobulin.
  • the immunoglobulin is enriched from pooled human plasma.
  • the immunoglobulin is a recombinant immunoglobulin.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin is 50 ⁇ 5 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin is less than 50 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin is at least 50 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin is from 50 g/L to 150 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin is 100 ⁇ 10 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin is at least 100 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin is 150 ⁇ 15 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin is from 150 g/L to 250 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin is 200 ⁇ 20 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin is at least 200 g/L.
  • aqueous immunoglobulin compositions provided above, the composition is stable for at least 1 month when stored at from 38° C. to 42° C.
  • aqueous immunoglobulin compositions provided above, the composition is stable for at least 3 months when stored at from 38° C. to 42° C.
  • aqueous immunoglobulin compositions provided above, the composition is stable for at least 6 months when stored at from 38° C. to 42° C.
  • aqueous immunoglobulin compositions provided above, the composition is stable for at least 6 months when stored at from 28° C. to 32° C.
  • aqueous immunoglobulin compositions provided above, the composition is stable for at least 1 year when stored at from 28° C. to 32° C.
  • the composition is stable for at least 2 years when stored at from 28° C. to 32° C.
  • aqueous immunoglobulin compositions provided above, the composition is considered stable as long as the percentage of immunoglobulin in the aggregated state remains below 2%.
  • aqueous immunoglobulin compositions provided above, the composition is considered stable as long as the percentage of immunoglobulin in the aggregated state is from 0% to 2% and the percentage of immunoglobulin in the monomeric state is from 85% to 100%.
  • aqueous immunoglobulin compositions provided above, a composition having the same components, but formulated at pH 4.8, is stable for less than 1 month when stored at from 38° C. to 42° C.
  • aqueous immunoglobulin compositions provided above, a composition having the same components, but formulated at pH 4.8, is stable for less than 6 months when stored at from 28° C. to 32° C.
  • the present invention provides a method for stabilizing an immunoglobulin composition, the method comprising formulating the composition at a pH between 5.5 and 7.0, wherein the formulated composition comprises: (a) an immunoglobulin; (b) from 50 mM to 500 mM histidine; and (c) from 0 mM to 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the formulated composition contains from 150 mM to 350 mM histidine.
  • the formulated composition contains from 225 mM to 275 mM histidine.
  • the formulated composition contains from 0 mM to 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the formulated composition contains from 10 mM to 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the formulated composition contains from 100 mM to 200 mM chloride ions.
  • the pH of the formulated composition is from 5.5 to 6.5.
  • the pH of the formulated composition is 6.1 ⁇ 0.2.
  • the formulated composition further comprises an antioxidant.
  • the formulated composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the formulated composition is stored under an inert gas.
  • the formulated composition is stored under an inert gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, helium, krypton, and xenon.
  • the formulated composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the formulated composition is stored under argon.
  • the immunoglobulin is a polyclonal immunoglobulin.
  • the immunoglobulin is a monoclonal immunoglobulin.
  • the immunoglobulin is an IgG immunoglobulin.
  • the immunoglobulin is enriched from pooled human plasma.
  • the immunoglobulin is a recombinant immunoglobulin.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin in the formulated composition is 50 ⁇ 5 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin in the formulated composition is less than 50 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin in the formulated composition is at least 50 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin in the formulated composition is from 50 g/L to 150 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin in the formulated composition is 100 ⁇ 10 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin in the formulated composition is at least 100 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin in the formulated composition is 150 ⁇ 15 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin in the formulated composition is from 150 g/L to 250 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin in the formulated composition is 200 ⁇ 20 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin in the formulated composition is at least 200 g/L.
  • the formulated composition is stable for at least 1 month when stored at from 38° C. to 42° C.
  • the formulated composition is stable for at least 3 months when stored at from 38° C. to 42° C.
  • the formulated composition is stable for at least 6 months when stored at from 38° C. to 42° C.
  • the formulated composition is stable for at least 6 months when stored at from 28° C. to 32° C.
  • the formulated composition is stable for at least 1 year when stored at from 28° C. to 32° C.
  • the formulated composition is stable for at least 2 years when stored at from 28° C. to 32° C.
  • the formulated composition is considered stable as long as the percentage of immunoglobulin in the aggregated state remains below 2%.
  • the formulated composition is considered stable as long as the percentage of immunoglobulin in the aggregated state is from 0% to 2% and the percentage of immunoglobulin in the monomeric state is from 85% to 100%.
  • an immunoglobulin composition having the same components as the formulated composition, but formulated at pH 4.8, is stable for less than 1 month when stored at from 38° C. to 42° C.
  • an immunoglobulin composition having the same components as the formulated composition, but formulated at pH 4.8, is stable for less than 6 months when stored at from 28° C. to 32° C.
  • FIG. 1 Aggregation of 20% IgG formulations after 6 months storage at 38° C. to 42° C.
  • FIG. 2 Discoloration of immunoglobulin compositions from study IGSC73 formulated with proline, histidine (pH 6.1), or glycine and stored at 28° C. to 32° C. under ( 2 A) normal atmosphere, ( 2 B) nitrogen, or ( 2 C) argon for up to 12 months.
  • FIG. 3 Discoloration of immunoglobulin compositions from study IGSC74 formulated with proline, histidine (pH 4.8), or glycine and stored at 28° C. to 32° C. under ( 3 A) normal atmosphere, ( 3 B) nitrogen, or ( 3 C) argon for up to 12 months.
  • the present invention provides means for stably formulating immunoglobulins in aqueous solution at or near neutral pH.
  • the present invention provides immunoglobulin compositions stabilized by the addition of a moderate amount of histidine (e.g., 50 mM to 500 mM histidine, preferably 150 mM to 350 mM histidine) to formulations at mildly acidic to neutral pH (e.g., 5.5 to 7.0).
  • the present invention is based in part on the discovery that immunoglobulin compositions can be stabilized by the addition of moderate levels of histidine to formulations at mildly acidic to neutral pH in the absence of an alkali metal cation (e.g., Na + or K + ).
  • the histidine formulations at mildly acidic to neutral pH provided herein are significantly more stable than similar compositions formulated at acidic pH, as well as immunoglobulin compositions formulated with proline or glycine at acidic pH.
  • the ability to stably formulate immunoglobulins at mildly acidic to neutral pH provides for formulations that are not painful upon administration and do not have the same risks for tissue damage.
  • the use of histidine stabilizes immunoglobulin formulations at mildly acidic to neutral pH in the absence of sodium chloride.
  • the formulations may contain chloride ions provided from hydrochloric acid used to pH histidine buffers and the final formulation itself.
  • a “storage stable” aqueous composition refers to a protein solution (e.g., an immunoglobulin solution) that has been formulated with histidine to increase the stability of the protein in solution, for example by at least 20%, over a given storage time.
  • a labile protein solution e.g., immunoglobulin solution
  • a mildly acidic to neutral pH can be made “storage stable” by the addition of histidine as a stabilizing agent.
  • the stability of the immunoglobulin formulation can be measured, for example, by monitoring the formation of aggregates, loss of bulk enzymatic activity, loss of antigenic titer or formation of degradation products, over a period of time.
  • time of stability refers to the length of time a composition is considered stable.
  • the time of stability for a composition may refer to the length of time for which the level of protein aggregation and/or degradation in the composition remains below a certain threshold (e.g., 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, etc.), the length of time a composition maintains an enzymatic activity above a certain threshold (e.g., 100%, 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 55%, 50%, etc.
  • a certain threshold e.g., 100%, 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 55%, 50%, etc.
  • a composition maintains an antigenic titer (e.g., 100%, 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 55%, 50%, etc. of the antigenic titer present in the composition at the start of the storage period).
  • an antigenic titer e.g., 100%, 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 55%, 50%, etc.
  • a storage stable aqueous composition of a therapeutic protein e.g., an immunoglobulin composition
  • histidine at mildly acidic to neutral pH
  • a composition of the same therapeutic protein formulated at acidic pH with histidine or mildly acidic to neutral pH without histidine will have a longer time of stability than a composition of the same therapeutic protein formulated at acidic pH with histidine or mildly acidic to neutral pH without histidine.
  • a storage stable aqueous composition of a therapeutic protein (e.g., an immunoglobulin composition), as provided herein, will have a time of stability that is, for example, at least 20% greater than the time of stability for the same composition formulated in the absence of a histidine or formulated at acid pH with histidine, or formulated at acidic pH with glycine or proline, or at least 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100%, 110%, 120%, 130%, 140%, 150%, 160%, 170%, 180%, 190% greater, or at least 2 times greater, or at least 2.5 times, 3.0 times, 3.5 times, 4.0 times, 4.5 times, 5.0 times, 5.5 times, 6.0 times, 6.5 times, 7.0 times, 7.5 times, 8.0 times, 8.5 times, 9.0 times, 9.5 times, 10 times, or more times greater than the time of stability for the same composition formulated in
  • the immunoglobulin composition may be stable under storage conditions for from 25% to 1000% longer when formulated with histidine at mildly acidic to neutral pH, as provided herein, as compared to the stability of the same immunoglobulin under formulated in the absence of a histidine or formulated at acid pH with histidine, or formulated at acidic pH with glycine or proline.
  • the composition may be stable for from 50% to 1000%, 100% to 1000%, 200% to 1000%, 300% to 1000%, 400% to 1000%, 500% to 1000%, 600% to 1000%, or 700% to 1000%, when formulated according to the present invention.
  • the term “stable” refers to a state of a protein composition (e.g., an immunoglobulin solution) suitable for pharmaceutical administration.
  • an immunoglobulin solution is generally considered to be stable when the level of immunoglobulin aggregation and/or degradation in the composition remains below a certain threshold (e.g., below 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, etc.) or the when the antigenic titer remains above a certain threshold (e.g., above 100%, 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 55%, 50%, etc. of the antigenic titer present in the composition at the start of a storage period).
  • a certain threshold e.g., below 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%
  • the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) standard for normal human immunoglobulins is that the composition have: (i) a monomer and dimer content equal to or greater than 85% of the total area of a standard chromatogram; and (ii) a polymer and aggregate sum content of not more than 10% of the total area of the chromatogram.
  • the sum of the peak areas of the monomer and dimer represents not less than 95 percent and the maximum amount of polymers and aggregates is no more than 2%.
  • a composition provided herein is considered to be stable when at least 85% of the immunoglobulin content is monomeric and no more than 2% of the immunoglobulin content is aggregated.
  • “storage” means that a formulation is not immediately administered to a subject once prepared, but is kept for a period of time under particular conditions (e.g., at a particular temperature, under a particular atmosphere, protected from light, etc.) prior to use.
  • a liquid formulation can be kept for days, weeks, months or years, prior to administration to a subject under varied temperatures such as refrigerated (0° to 10° C.) or room temperature (e.g., temperature between 20 and 25° C.).
  • the phrases “no more than X” and “from 0 to X” are equivalent and refer to any concentration between and including 0 and X.
  • the phrases “a concentration of no more than 2%” and “a concentration of from 0% to 2%” are equivalent and include 0%, 1%, and 2%.
  • the phrases “no less than X” refers to any concentration X or higher.
  • the phrase “a concentration of no less than 98%” includes 98%, 99%, and 100%.
  • the phrases “between X and Y” and “from X to X” are equivalent and refer to any concentration between and including X and Y.
  • the phrases “a concentration of between 49% and 51%” and “a concentration of from 49% to 51%” are equivalent and include 49%, 50%, and 51%.
  • an “alkali metal chloride salt” refers to an inorganic salt of an alkali metal and chlorine.
  • the alkali metal chloride salt will be a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, most commonly sodium or potassium chloride.
  • the salt is sodium chloride.
  • an “alkali metal cation” will most commonly refer to a sodium cation (Na + ) or potassium cation (K + ) and can be contributed by an alkali metal chloride salt or other source.
  • a hydrogen ion is not considered an alkali metal cation, and thus the inclusion of hydrochloric acid will not contribute to the alkali metal cation content of the formulation.
  • an “antibody” refers to a polypeptide substantially encoded by an immunoglobulin gene or immunoglobulin genes, or fragments thereof, which specifically bind and recognize an analyte (antigen).
  • the recognized immunoglobulin genes include the kappa, lambda, alpha, gamma, delta, epsilon and mu constant region genes, as well as the myriad immunoglobulin variable region genes.
  • Light chains are classified as either kappa or lambda.
  • Heavy chains are classified as gamma, mu, alpha, delta, or epsilon, which in turn define the immunoglobulin classes, IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE, respectively.
  • An exemplary immunoglobulin (antibody) structural unit is composed of two pairs of polypeptide chains, each pair having one “light” (about 25 kD) and one “heavy” chain (about 50-70 kD).
  • the N-terminus of each chain defines a variable region of about 100 to 110 or more amino acids primarily responsible for antigen recognition.
  • the terms variable light chain (VL) and variable heavy chain (VH) refer to these light and heavy chains respectively.
  • the immunoglobulin will consist of an immunoglobulin preparation isolated from pooled plasma (preferably human plasma) comprising IgG immunoglobulins.
  • the term “about” denotes an approximate range of plus or minus 10% from a specified value. For instance, the language “about 20%” encompasses a range of 18-22%. As used herein, about also includes the exact amount. Hence “about 20%” means “about 20%” and also “20%.”
  • terapéuticaally effective amount or dose or “sufficient/effective amount or dose,” it is meant a dose that produces effects for which it is administered.
  • the exact dose will depend on the purpose of the treatment, and will be ascertainable by one skilled in the art using known techniques (see, e.g., Lieberman, Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms (vols. 1-3, 1992); Lloyd, The Art, Science and Technology of Pharmaceutical Compounding (1999); Pickar, Dosage Calculations (1999); and Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20th Edition, 2003, Gennaro, Ed., Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins).
  • a “stabilizing agent” refers to a chemical, other than an alkali metal chloride salt, which aids in the stabilization of a therapeutic agent in an aqueous formulation under mildly acid to neutral pH.
  • suitable stabilizing agents for the formulations and methods provided herein include, without limitation, buffering agents (e.g., TRIS, HEPES, potassium or sodium phosphate, amino acids, etc.), osmolytes (e.g., sugars, sugar alcohols, etc.), bulking agents (e.g., amino acids, etc.), divalent salts, surfactants, and the like.
  • amino acids refers to any natural or non-natural pharmaceutically acceptable amino acid.
  • Non-limiting examples of amino acids include, isoleucine, alanine, leucine, asparagine, lysine, aspartic acid, methionine, cysteine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, threonine, glutamine, tryptophan, glycine, valine, proline, selenocysteine, serine, tyrosine, arginine, histidine, ornithine, taurine, and the like.
  • Any sugar such as mono-, di-, or polysaccharides, or water-soluble glucans, including for example fructose, glucose, mannose, sorbose, xylose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, dextran, trehalose, pullulan, dextrin, cyclodextrin, soluble starch, hydroxyethyl starch, and carboxymethylcellulose may be used.
  • a “sugar alcohol” refers to a hydrocarbon having between about 4 and about 8 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group.
  • Non-limiting examples of sugar alcohols that may be used in formulations provided herein include, mannitol, sorbitol, inositol, galactitol, dulcitol, xylitol, and arabitol.
  • the term “activity” refers to a functional activity or activities of a polypeptide or portion thereof associated with a full-length (complete) protein.
  • Functional activities include, but are not limited to, biological activity, catalytic or enzymatic activity, antigenicity (i.e., the ability to bind or compete with a polypeptide for binding to an anti-polypeptide antibody), immunogenicity, ability to form multimers, and the ability to specifically bind to a receptor or ligand for the polypeptide.
  • the present invention provides stabilized formulations of immunoglobulins for therapeutic administration.
  • the following embodiments are based in part on the unexpected discovery that the formulation of immunoglobulins with histidine at mildly acidic to neutral pH stabilizes the immunoglobulins that are otherwise labile at these pH values, and/or labile when formulated with histidine at an acidic pH, and/or labile when formulated in the presence of alkali metal cations.
  • immunoglobulin compositions formulated at a particular pH may contain residual counter ions contributed from one or more pH modifying agents.
  • the storage stable compositions provided herein may contain chloride anions contributed from hydrochloric acid, acetate anions contributed from glacial acetic acid, sodium cations contributed from sodium hydroxide, and the like.
  • a storage stable immunoglobulin composition consisting of or consisting essentially of: an immunoglobulin and histidine may further comprise one or more counter ion, as necessitated by the formulation process at a particular pH.
  • immunoglobulin may be stabilized by the formulations provided herein.
  • immunoglobulin preparations that may be stabilized include, plasma-derived immunoglobulin preparations, recombinant polyclonal or monoclonal preparations, minibodies, diabodies, triabodies, antibody fragments such as Fv, Fab and F(ab)2 or fragmented antibodies such as monovalent or multivalent single chain Fvs (scFv, sc(Fv)2, minibodies, diabodies, and triabodies such as scFv dimers) in which the variable regions of an antibody are joined together via a linker such as a peptide linker, and the like.
  • a linker such as a peptide linker
  • Recombinant antibodies include murine antibodies, rodent antibodies, human antibodies, chimeric human antibodies (e.g., human/murine chimeras), humanized antibodies (e.g., humanized murine antibodies), and the like.
  • the recombinant antibody is a human, chimeric human, or humanized antibody suitable for administration to a human.
  • the immunoglobulin in a full length, or near full length immunoglobulin, which will generally be more labile then engineered fragments thereof.
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition will be stable when stored at room temperature for at least about 2 months.
  • the composition will be stable for at least about 3 months.
  • the composition will be stable for at least 1 about month, or at least about 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, or more months.
  • the composition will be stable for at least about 6 months.
  • the composition will be stable for at least about 1 year.
  • the composition will be stable for at least about 2 years.
  • the storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition will be stable for at least six months at a temperature between about 28° C. and about 32° C. In a specific embodiment, the storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition will be stable for at least one year at a temperature between about 28° C. and about 32° C. In a more specific embodiment, the storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition will be stable for at least two years at a temperature between about 28° C. and about 32° C. In another embodiment, the storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition will be stable for at least one month at a temperature between about 38° C. and about 42° C.
  • the storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition will be stable for at least three months at a temperature between about 38° C. and about 42° C. In a more specific embodiment, the storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition will be stable for at least one year at a temperature between about 38° C. and about 42° C.
  • the composition is considered stable as long as the percentage of immunoglobulin in the aggregated state no more than 10%. In a preferred embodiment, the composition is considered stable as long as the percentage of immunoglobulin in the aggregated state no more than 9%. In a more preferred embodiment, the composition is considered stable as long as the percentage of immunoglobulin in the aggregated state no more than 8%. In a more preferred embodiment, the composition is considered stable as long as the percentage of immunoglobulin in the aggregated state no more than 7%. In a more preferred embodiment, the composition is considered stable as long as the percentage of immunoglobulin in the aggregated state no more than 6%.
  • the composition is considered stable as long as the percentage of immunoglobulin in the aggregated state no more than 5%. In a more preferred embodiment, the composition is considered stable as long as the percentage of immunoglobulin in the aggregated state no more than 4%. In a more preferred embodiment, the composition is considered stable as long as the percentage of immunoglobulin in the aggregated state no more than 3%. In a most preferred embodiment, the composition is considered stable as long as the percentage of immunoglobulin in the aggregated state no more than 2%.
  • the composition is considered stable as long as the percentage of immunoglobulin in the aggregated state no more than 10% and the percentage of immunoglobulin in the monomeric state is no less than 85%. In a preferred embodiment, the composition is considered stable as long as the percentage of immunoglobulin in the aggregated state no more than 9% and the percentage of immunoglobulin in the monomeric state is no less than 85%. In a preferred embodiment, the composition is considered stable as long as the percentage of immunoglobulin in the aggregated state no more than 8% and the percentage of immunoglobulin in the monomeric state is no less than 85%.
  • the composition is considered stable as long as the percentage of immunoglobulin in the aggregated state no more than 7% and the percentage of immunoglobulin in the monomeric state is no less than 85%. In a preferred embodiment, the composition is considered stable as long as the percentage of immunoglobulin in the aggregated state no more than 6% and the percentage of immunoglobulin in the monomeric state is no less than 85%. In a preferred embodiment, the composition is considered stable as long as the percentage of immunoglobulin in the aggregated state no more than 5% and the percentage of immunoglobulin in the monomeric state is no less than 85%.
  • the composition is considered stable as long as the percentage of immunoglobulin in the aggregated state no more than 4% and the percentage of immunoglobulin in the monomeric state is no less than 85%. In a preferred embodiment, the composition is considered stable as long as the percentage of immunoglobulin in the aggregated state no more than 3% and the percentage of immunoglobulin in the monomeric state is no less than 85%. In a most preferred embodiment, the composition is considered stable as long as the percentage of immunoglobulin in the aggregated state no more than 2% and the percentage of immunoglobulin in the monomeric state is no less than 85%.
  • aqueous immunoglobulin compositions provided herein are typically sterile filtered and dispensed into a sterile containment vessel, which is sealed air-tight, for example, using a rubber stopper.
  • Immunoglobulin compositions in the air-tight vessels are preferably protected from ambient light by storage in a dark place, the use of a tinted vessel material (typically glass or plastic), and/or covering the surface of the vessel with an opaque substance.
  • the headspace air in the containment vessel is replaced with an inert gas.
  • the inert gas helps to maintain an inert atmosphere above the liquid composition.
  • the liquid is overlaid with inert gas.
  • the liquid is degassed before overlaying it with inert gas, meaning that residual oxygen in the atmosphere may vary.
  • an immunoglobulin composition when stored in a vessel in which the headspace air has been replaced with an inert gas, the composition has been overlaid with inert gas, or the composition is degassed prior to overlaying with inert gas, the composition is said to be “stored under inert gas.”
  • inert gasses include, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, helium, krypton, and xenon.
  • the inert gas is nitrogen.
  • the inert gas is argon.
  • the present invention provides storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprises: an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the formulation of immunoglobulins with moderate concentrations of histidine e.g., 50 mM to 500 mM
  • histidine e.g., 50 mM to 500 mM
  • stabilizing and bulking agents such as surfactants (e.g., non-ionic surfactants), sugars, and sugar alcohols.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation; no more than 0.01% of a surfactant; no more than 1 mM of a sugar; no more than 1 mM of a sugar alcohol; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation; no more than 0.01% of a surfactant; no more than 1 mM of a sugar; no more than 1 mM of a sugar alcohol; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the histidine formulations provided by the present invention may be used to stabilize any immunoglobulin composition, including but not limited to: immunoglobulin compositions isolated from pooled plasma (e.g., human pooled plasma); immunoglobulin compositions isolated from mammary secretions; immunoglobulin compositions isolated from avian sources (e.g., IgY containing compositions isolated from the yolk of chicken eggs); and recombinant immunoglobulins (e.g., monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies).
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable composition of immunoglobulins isolated from pooled plasma (e.g., human pooled plasma).
  • the immunoglobulin composition isolated from pooled plasma comprises at least 90% IgG immunoglobulins.
  • the immunoglobulin composition isolated from pooled plasma comprises at least 95% IgG immunoglobulins.
  • the immunoglobulin composition isolated from pooled plasma comprises at least 98% IgG immunoglobulins.
  • the immunoglobulin composition isolated from pooled plasma comprises IgA and/or IgM immunoglobulins.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the concentration of histidine in a storage stable immunoglobulin composition provided herein is between 50 mM and 500 mM. In another embodiment, the concentration of histidine in the formulation will be between 100 mM and 400 mM. In another embodiment, the concentration of histidine in the formulation will be between 200 mM and 300 mM. In another embodiment, the concentration of histidine in the formulation will be between 225 mM and 275 mM. In another embodiment, the concentration of histidine in the formulation will be between 240 mM and 260 mM. In a particular embodiment, the concentration of histidine will be 250 mM.
  • the concentration of histidine in the formulation will be 5 ⁇ 0.5 mM, 10 ⁇ 1 mM, 15 ⁇ 1.5 mM, 20 ⁇ 2 mM, 25 ⁇ 2.5 mM, 50 ⁇ 5 mM, 75 ⁇ 7.5 mM, 100 ⁇ 10 mM, 125 ⁇ 12.5 mM, 150 ⁇ 15 mM, 175 ⁇ 17.5 mM, 200 ⁇ 20 mM, 225 ⁇ 22.5 mM, 250 ⁇ 25 mM, 275 ⁇ 27.5 mM, 300 ⁇ 30 mM, 325 ⁇ 32.5 mM, 350 ⁇ 35 mM, 375 ⁇ 37.5 mM, 400 ⁇ 40 mM, 425 ⁇ 42.5 mM, 450 ⁇ 45 mM, 475 ⁇ 47.5 mM, 500 ⁇ 50 mM or higher.
  • the concentration of histidine in the formulation will be 5 mM, 10 mM, 15 mM, 20 mM, 25 mM, 50 mM, 75 mM, 100 mM, 125 mM, 150 mM, 175 mM, 200 mM, 225 mM, 250 mM, 275 mM, 300 mM, 325 mM, 350 mM, 375 mM, 400 mM, 425 mM, 450 mM, 475 mM, 500 mM or higher.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: an immunoglobulin; between 100 mM and 400 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 100 mM and 400 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: an immunoglobulin; between 100 mM and 400 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: an immunoglobulin; between 225 mM and 275 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 225 mM and 275 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: an immunoglobulin; between 225 mM and 275 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: an immunoglobulin; between 240 mM and 260 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 240 mM and 260 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: an immunoglobulin; between 240 mM and 260 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: an immunoglobulin; 250 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: an immunoglobulin; 250 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: an immunoglobulin; 250 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the storage stable immunoglobulin compositions provided by the present invention are formulated at mildly acidic to neutral pH. Generally, this includes pH values between 5.5 and 7.0. In a preferred embodiment, the pH value is between 5.5 and 6.5. However, the range of pH values at which any individual immunoglobulin composition is stabilized by the inclusion of histidine in the formulation may vary, dependent upon the properties of the particular immunoglobulin.
  • a storage stable formulation will have a pH between 5.5 and 7.0. In another embodiment, a storage stable formulation will have a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. In other embodiments, the pH of the stabilizing formulation will be between 6.0 and 7.0. In another embodiment, the pH of the stabilizing formulation will be between 5.5 and 6.0.
  • the pH of the stabilizing formulation will be between 6.0 and 6.5. In another embodiment, the pH of the stabilizing formulation will be between 6.5 and 7.0. In another embodiment, the stabilizing formulation will have a pH of 6.0 ⁇ 0.4. In another embodiment, the stabilizing formulation will have a pH of 6.0 ⁇ 0.3. In another embodiment, the stabilizing formulation will have a pH of 6.0 ⁇ 0.2. In another embodiment, the stabilizing formulation will have a pH of 6.0 ⁇ 0.1. In another embodiment, the stabilizing formulation will have a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.5. In another embodiment, the stabilizing formulation will have a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.4. In another embodiment, the stabilizing formulation will have a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.3. In another embodiment, the stabilizing formulation will have a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.2.
  • the stabilizing formulation will have a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.1.
  • the pH of the stabilizing formulation may be 5.5 ⁇ 0.2, or 5.6 ⁇ 0.2, 5.7 ⁇ 0.2, 5.8 ⁇ 0.2, 5.9 ⁇ 0.2, 6.0 ⁇ 0.2, 6.1 ⁇ 0.2, 6.2 ⁇ 0.2, 6.3 ⁇ 0.2, 6.4 ⁇ 0.2, 6.5 ⁇ 0.2, 6.6 ⁇ 0.2, 6.7 ⁇ 0.2, 6.8 ⁇ 0.2, 6.9 ⁇ 0.2, or 7.0 ⁇ 0.2.
  • the pH of the stabilizing formulation may be 5.5 ⁇ 0.1, or 5.6 ⁇ 0.1, 5.7 ⁇ 0.1, 5.8 ⁇ 0.1, 5.9 ⁇ 0.1, 6.0 ⁇ 0.1, 6.1 ⁇ 0.1, 6.2 ⁇ 0.1, 6.3 ⁇ 0.1, 6.4 ⁇ 0.1, 6.5 ⁇ 0.1, 6.6 ⁇ 0.1, 6.7 ⁇ 0.1, 6.8 ⁇ 0.1, 6.9 ⁇ 0.1, or 7.0 ⁇ 0.1.
  • the pH of the stabilizing formulation may be 5.5, or 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, or 7.0.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 6.5.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 6.5.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 6.5.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 6.5.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 6.5.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 6.5.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.4.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.4.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.4.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.3.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.3.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.3.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.2.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.1.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.1.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored Under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.1.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; and a pH of 6.1.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the combination of histidine concentration and pH of the formulation will be selected from any one of variations (Var.) 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: an immunoglobulin and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation. In another particular embodiment, the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas. In a specific embodiment, the composition is stored under nitrogen. In another specific embodiment, the composition is stored under argon. In yet another specific embodiment, the composition is stored under carbon dioxide. In a specific embodiment, the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • Var. 396 6.0-6.5 Var. 5 Var. 61 Var. 117 Var. 173 Var. 229 Var. 285 Var. 341 Var. 397 6.1 ⁇ 0.5 Var. 6 Var. 62 Var. 118 Var. 174 Var. 230 Var. 286 Var. 342 Var. 398 6.1 ⁇ 0.4 Var. 7 Var. 63 Var. 119 Var. 175 Var. 231 Var. 287 Var. 343 Var. 399 6.1 ⁇ 0.3 Var. 8 Var. 64 Var. 120 Var. 176 Var. 232 Var. 288 Var. 344 Var. 400 6.1 ⁇ 0.2 Var. 9 Var. 65 Var. 121 Var. 177 Var. 233 Var. 289 Var. 345 Var.
  • Var. 244 Var. 300 Var. 356 Var. 412 6.5 ⁇ 0.2 Var. 21 Var. 77 Var. 133 Var. 189 Var. 245 Var. 301 Var. 357 Var. 413 6.6 ⁇ 0.2 Var. 22 Var. 78 Var. 134 Var. 190 Var. 246 Var. 302 Var. 358 Var. 414 6.7 ⁇ 0.2 Var. 23 Var. 79 Var. 135 Var. 191 Var. 247 Var. 303 Var. 359 Var. 415 6.8 ⁇ 0.2 Var. 24 Var. 80 Var. 136 Var. 192 Var. 248 Var. 304 Var. 360 Var. 416 6.9 ⁇ 0.2 Var. 25 Var. 81 Var. 137 Var. 193 Var. 249 Var.
  • Var. 41 Var. 97 Var. 153 Var. 209 Var. 265 Var. 321 Var. 377 Var. 433 5.5 Var. 42 Var. 98 Var. 154 Var. 210 Var. 266 Var. 322 Var. 378 Var. 434 5.6 Var. 43 Var. 99 Var. 155 Var. 211 Var. 267 Var. 323 Var. 379 Var. 435 5.7 Var. 44 Var. 100 Var. 156 Var. 212 Var. 268 Var. 324 Var. 380 Var. 436 5.8 Var. 45 Var. 101 Var. 157 Var. 213 Var. 269 Var. 325 Var. 381 Var. 437 5.9 Var. 46 Var. 102 Var. 158 Var. 214 Var. 270 Var.
  • Var. 633 Var. 689 Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. 465 577 745 801 857 913 6.2 ⁇ 0.2 Var. Var. 522 Var. Var. 634 Var. 690 Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. 466 578 746 802 858 914 6.3 ⁇ 0.2 Var. Var. 523 Var. Var. 635 Var. 691 Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. 467 579 747 803 859 915 6.4 ⁇ 0.2 Var. Var. 524 Var. Var. 636 Var. 692 Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. 468 580 748 804 860 916 6.5 ⁇ 0.2 Var. Var. 525 Var. Var. 637 Var. 693 Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. Var.
  • Var. Var. Var. 526 Var. Var. 638
  • Var. 694 Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. 470 582 750 806 862 918 6.7 ⁇ 0.2 Var. Var. 527 Var. Var. 639 Var. 695 Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. 471 583 751 807 863 919 6.8 ⁇ 0.2 Var. Var. 528 Var. Var. 640 Var. 696 Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. 472 584 752 808 864 920 6.9 ⁇ 0.2 Var. Var. 529 Var. Var. 641 Var. 697 Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. 473 585 753 809 865 921 7.0 ⁇ 0.2 Var. Var. Var.
  • Var. Var. 535 Var. Var. 647 Var. 703 Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. 479 591 759 815 871 927 6.0 ⁇ 0.1 Var. Var. 536
  • Var. Var. 648 Var. 704 Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. 480 592 760 816 872 928 6.2 ⁇ 0.1 Var. Var. 537
  • Var. Var. 649 Var. 705 Var. Var. Var. Var. 481 593 761 817 873 929 6.3 ⁇ 0.1 Var. Var. 538 Var. Var. Var. 650 Var. 706 Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. 482 594 762 818 874 930 6.4 ⁇ 0.1 Var. Var. Var.
  • Var. Var. 651 Var. 707 Var. Var. Var. Var. 483 595 763 819 875 931 6.5 ⁇ 0.1 Var. Var. 540
  • Var. Var. 652 Var. 708 Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. 484 596 764 820 876 932 6.6 ⁇ 0.1 Var. Var. 541
  • Var. Var. 653 Var. 709 Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. 485 597 765 821 877 933 6.7 ⁇ 0.1 Var. Var. 542
  • Var. Var. 654 Var. 710 Var. Var. Var. Var. 486 598 766 822 878 934 6.8 ⁇ 0.1 Var. Var. 543 Var. Var. Var. 655 Var. 711 Var. Var. Var. Var. Var.
  • Var. Var. 544 Var. Var. 656 Var. 712 Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. 488 600 768 824 880 936 7.0 ⁇ 0.1 Var. Var. 545 Var. Var. 657 Var. 713 Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. 489 601 769 825 881 937 5.5 Var. Var. 546 Var. Var. 658 Var. 714 Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. 490 602 770 826 882 938 5.6 Var. Var. 547 Var. Var. 659 Var. 715 Var. Var. Var. Var. 491 603 771 827 883 939 5.7 Var. Var. 548 Var. Var. 660 Var. 716 Var.
  • Var. Var. Var. Var. 492 604 772 828 884 940 5.8 Var. Var. 549 Var. Var. 661 Var. 717 Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. 493 605 773 829 885 941 5.9 Var. Var. 550 Var. Var. 662 Var. 718 Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. 494 606 774 830 886 942 6 Var. Var. 551 Var. Var. 663 Var. 719 Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. 495 607 775 831 887 943 6.2 Var. Var. 552 Var. Var. 664 Var. 720 Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. Var. 496 608 776 832 888 944 6.3 Var. Var. 553 Var. Var. 665 Var. 721 Var. Var. Var.
  • the storage stable immunoglobulin compositions provided herein will also contain counter ions, both anions and cations, contributed from pH modifying reagents such as hydrochloric acid, glacial acetic acid, and sodium hydroxide. Accordingly, in certain embodiments, the storage stable immunoglobulin compositions provided herein will further comprise chloride or acetate anions contributed from their respective acids used to pH the solution. In one embodiment, the immunoglobulin composition with comprise between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the amount of counter ions present in a storage stable immunoglobulin composition provided herein will depend on the amount of pH modifying agent (e.g., hydrochloric acid (HCl), acetic acid, sodium hydroxide, etc.) used to formulate the immunoglobulin composition at a desired pH.
  • pH modifying agent e.g., hydrochloric acid (HCl), acetic acid, sodium hydroxide, etc.
  • Factors that may contribute to variability in the amount of a pH modifying agent used for this purpose include the identity and concentration of the immunoglobulins being formulated, the desired pH (i.e., the lower the desired pH, the more acid will be needed for formulation), and the concentration of histidine in the formulation.
  • the amount of HCl needed to formulate the 20% IgG immunoglobulin compositions described in the Examples below with 250 mM histidine at pH 6.1 resulted in a final immunoglobulin composition containing about 155 mM chloride ions.
  • the use of sodium hydroxide may be necessary if the pH drops below the desired pH (i.e., back titration of pH using sodium hydroxide).
  • the storage stable immunoglobulin composition will contain no more than 500 mM chloride ions. In another embodiment, the composition will contain no more than 400 mM chloride ions. In another embodiment, the composition will contain no more than 300 mM chloride ions. In another embodiment, the composition will contain no more than 200 mM chloride ions. In yet another embodiment, the composition will contain no more than 100 mM chloride ions. In one embodiment, the concentration of chloride ions in a storage stable aqueous immunoglobulin composition provided herein is between 1 mM and 400 mM. In another embodiment, the concentration of chloride ions is between 10 mM and 400 mM.
  • the concentration of chloride ions is between 10 mM and 300 mM. In another embodiment, the concentration of chloride ions is between 10 mM and 200 mM. In another embodiment, the concentration of chloride ions is between 10 mM and 100 mM. In one embodiment, the concentration of chloride ions is between 50 mM and 400 mM. In another embodiment, the concentration of chloride ions is between 50 mM and 300 mM. In another embodiment, the concentration of chloride ions is between 50 mM and 200 mM. In one embodiment, the concentration of chloride ions is between 100 mM and 400 mM. In another embodiment, the concentration of chloride ions is between 100 mM and 300 mM.
  • the concentration of chloride ions is between 100 mM and 200 mM. In yet other embodiments, the concentration of chloride ions is 10 ⁇ 1 mM, 20 ⁇ 2 mM, 30 ⁇ 3 mM, 40 ⁇ 4 mM, 50 ⁇ 5 mM, 60 ⁇ 6 mM, 70 ⁇ 7 mM, 80 ⁇ 8 mM, 90 ⁇ 9 mM, 100 ⁇ 10 mM, 125 ⁇ 12.5 mM, 150 ⁇ 15 mM, 175 ⁇ 17.5 mM, 200 ⁇ 20 mM, 225 ⁇ 22.5 mM, 250 ⁇ 25 mM, 300 ⁇ 30 mM, 350 ⁇ 35 mM, 400 ⁇ 40 mM, 450 ⁇ 45 mM, or 500 ⁇ 50 mM.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable immunoglobulin composition comprising: an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition consisting of: an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable immunoglobulin composition comprising: an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; between 100 mM and 200 mM chloride ions; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; between 100 mM and 200 mM chloride ions; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition consisting of: an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; between 100 mM and 200 mM chloride ions; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable immunoglobulin composition comprising: an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2; and between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: an immunoglobulin; a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2; and between 101 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition consisting of: an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2; and between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable immunoglobulin composition comprising: an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2; and between 100 mM and 200 mM chloride ions.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: an immunoglobulin; a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2; and between 100 mM and 200 mM chloride ions.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition consisting of: an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2; and between 100 mM and 200 mM chloride ions.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the histidine formulations provided herein are useful for stabilizing immunoglobulin compositions having a wide range of protein concentrations.
  • the histidine formulations provided herein are well suited to stabilize: low immunoglobulin concentrations that are used in the pharmaceutical formulation of monoclonal antibodies (e.g., 10-40 g/L or lower); moderate immunoglobulin concentrations that are used in the pharmaceutical formulation of intravenous immunoglobulins (e.g., 40-150 g/L); and high immunoglobulin concentration that are used in the pharmaceutical formulation of immunoglobulins administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly (e.g., 150-250 g/L or higher)
  • the upper limit of immunoglobulin concentrations that may be stabilized by the methods and formulations provided herein is only limited by the solubility limit of the immunoglobulins being formulated or the maximum concentration that can be achieved by the particular manufacturing process being employed. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the immunoglobulin concentration of a storage stable aqueous solution provided
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, low concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition
  • a storage stable, low concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition comprising: less than 40 g/L of an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, low concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition
  • a storage stable, low concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition comprising: less than 40 g/L of an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, low concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition consisting essentially of: less than 40 g/L of an immunoglobulin and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, low concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition consisting of: less than 40 g/L of an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin in the storage stable, low concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition is between 10 g/L and 40 g/L. In another embodiment, the concentration of the immunoglobulin is between 20 g/L and 30 g/L. In one embodiment, the concentration of the immunoglobulin is less than 40 g/L. In one embodiment, the concentration of the immunoglobulin is no more than 40 g/L. In another embodiment, the concentration of the immunoglobulin is no more than 30 g/L. In another embodiment, the concentration of the immunoglobulin is no more than 20 g/L. In another embodiment, the concentration of the immunoglobulin is no more than 10 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin is 10 ⁇ 1 g/L, 15 ⁇ 1.5 g/L, 20 ⁇ 2 g/L, 25 ⁇ 2.5 g/L, 30 ⁇ 3 g/L, 35 ⁇ 3.5 g/L, or 40 ⁇ 4 g/L. In yet other embodiments, the concentration of the immunoglobulin is 1 g/L, 2 g/L, 3 g/L, 4 g/L, 5 g/L, 6 g/L, 7 g/L, 8 g/L, 9 g/L, 10 g/L. 11 g/L. 12 g/L. 13 g/L. 14 g/L. 15 g/L. 16 g/L. 17 g/L.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition
  • a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition comprising: between 40 g/L and 150 g/L of an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition
  • a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition comprising: between 40 g/L and 150 g/L of an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition consisting essentially of: between 40 g/L and 150 g/L of an immunoglobulin and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition consisting of: between 40 g/L and 150 g/L of an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin in the storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition is between 40 g/L and 60 g/L. In another specific embodiment, the concentration of the immunoglobulin is between 90 g/L and 110 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin is 45 ⁇ 4.5 g/L, 50 ⁇ 5 g/L, 55 ⁇ 5.5 g/L, 60 ⁇ 6 g/L, 65 ⁇ 6.5 g/L, 70 ⁇ 7 g/L, 75 ⁇ 7.5 g/L, 80 ⁇ 8 g/L, 85 ⁇ 8.5 g/L, 90 ⁇ 9 g/L, 95 ⁇ 9.5 g/L, 100 ⁇ 10 g/L, 110 ⁇ 11 g/L, 120 ⁇ 12 g/L, 130 ⁇ 13 g/L, 140 ⁇ 14 g/L, or 150 ⁇ 15 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin is 40 g/L, 45 g/L, 50 g/L, 55 g/L, 60 g/L, 65 g/L, 70 g/L, 75 g/L, 80 g/L, 85 g/L, 90 g/L, 95 g/L, 100 g/L, 105 g/L, 110 g/L, 115 g/L, 120 g/L, 125 g/L, 130 g/L, 135 g/L, 140 g/L, 145 g/L, or 150 g/L.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, high concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition
  • a storage stable, high concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition comprising: more than 150 g/L of an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, high concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition
  • a storage stable, high concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition comprising: more than 150 g/L of an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, high concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition consisting essentially of: more than 150 g/L of an immunoglobulin and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, high concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition consisting of: more than 150 g/L of an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin in the storage stable, high concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition is at least 150 g/L. In a specific embodiment, the concentration of immunoglobulin is at least 175 g/L. In another specific embodiment, the concentration of immunoglobulin is at least 200 g/L. In another specific embodiment, the concentration of immunoglobulin is at least 225 g/L. In one embodiment, the concentration of the immunoglobulin is between 150 g/L and 250 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin is between 175 g/L and 225 g/L In certain embodiments, the concentration of the immunoglobulin is 150 ⁇ 15 g/L, 160 ⁇ 16 g/L, 170 ⁇ 17 g/L, 180 ⁇ 18 g/L, 190 ⁇ 19 g/L, 200 ⁇ 20 g/L, 210 ⁇ 21 g/L, 220 ⁇ 22 g/L, 230 ⁇ 23 g/L, 240 ⁇ 24 g/L, or 250 ⁇ 25 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin is 150 g/L, 160 g/L, 170 g/L, 180 g/L, 190 g/L, 200 g/L, 210 g/L, 220 g/L, 230 g/L, 240 g/L, 250 g/L, or higher.
  • the storage stable compositions provided herein will be formulated for parenteral administration including, but not limited to, intradermal, subcutaneous, transdermal implant, intracavernous, intravitreal, transscleral, intracerebral, intrathecal, epidural, intravenous, intracardiac, intramuscular, intraosseous, intraperitoneal, and nanocell injection administration.
  • the compositions provided herein will be formulated for intravenous administration.
  • the compositions provided herein will be formulated for subcutaneous administration.
  • the compositions provided herein will be formulated for intramuscular administration.
  • the formulation is suitable for intravenous administration as well as either or both subcutaneous and intramuscular administration.
  • the storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous compositions provided herein further comprise one or more excipients.
  • excipients that can be included in the formulations provided herein include non-ionic surfactants, bulking agents (e.g., sugars and sugar alcohols), antioxidants, polysaccharides, and pharmaceutically acceptable water-soluble polymers (e.g., poly(acrylic acid), poly(ethylene oxide), poly(ethylene glycol), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and starch).
  • the excipient is an agent for adjusting the osmolarity of the composition.
  • osmolarity agents include mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, sucrose, glucose, dextrose, levulose, fructose, lactose, polyethylene glycols, phosphates, calcium chloride, calcium gluconoglucoheptonate, dimethyl sulfone, and the like.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition
  • a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition comprising: an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; an antioxidant; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition
  • a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition comprising: an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; an antioxidant; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, low concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition consisting essentially of: an immunoglobulin; an antioxidant; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition consisting of: an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; an antioxidant; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition
  • a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition comprising: an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; a sugar and/or sugar alcohol, and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition
  • a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition comprising: an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; a sugar and/or sugar alcohol; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, low concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition consisting essentially of: an immunoglobulin; a sugar and/or sugar alcohol; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition consisting of: an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; a sugar and/or sugar alcohol; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • IgG concentrated immunoglobulins isolated from pooled human plasma
  • IVIG intravenous immunoglobulin
  • IgG intravenous immunoglobulin
  • Concentrated immunoglobulins may also be formulated for subcutaneous or intramuscular administration, for example, at a concentration at or about 20% IgG.
  • plasma-derived immunoglobulin preparations formulated according to the present invention can be prepared from any suitable starting materials, for example, recovered plasma or source plasma.
  • blood or plasma is collected from healthy donors.
  • Immunoglobulins are isolated from the blood or plasma by suitable procedures, such as, for example, precipitation (alcohol fractionation or polyethylene glycol fractionation), chromatographic methods (ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography, etc.) ultracentrifugation, and electro-phoretic preparation, and the like.
  • precipitation alcohol fractionation or polyethylene glycol fractionation
  • chromatographic methods ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography, etc.
  • electro-phoretic preparation and the like.
  • immunoglobulins are prepared from gamma globulin-containing compositions produced by alcohol fractionation and/or ion exchange and affinity chromatography methods well known to those skilled in the art.
  • purified Cohn Fraction II is commonly used as a starting point for the further purification of immunoglobulins.
  • the starting Cohn Fraction II paste is typically about 95 percent IgG and is comprised of the four IgG subtypes.
  • the different subtypes are present in Fraction II in approximately the same ratio as they are found in the pooled human plasma from which they are obtained.
  • the Fraction II is further purified before formulation into an administrable product.
  • the Fraction II paste can be dissolved in a cold purified aqueous alcohol solution and impurities removed via precipitation and filtration. Following the final filtration, the immunoglobulin suspension can be dialyzed or diafiltered (e.g., using ultrafiltration membranes having a nominal molecular weight limit of less than or equal to 100,000 daltons) to remove the alcohol.
  • the solution can be concentrated or diluted to obtain the desired protein concentration and can be further purified by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • additional preparative steps can be used to enrich a particular isotype or subtype of immunoglobulin.
  • protein A, protein G or protein H sepharose chromatography can be used to enrich a mixture of immunoglobulins for IgG, or for specific IgG subtypes. See generally, Harlow and Lane, Using Antibodies , Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (1999); Harlow and Lane, Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual , Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (1988); and U.S. Pat. No. 5,180,810, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties for all purposes.
  • immunoglobulin compositions isolated from pooled plasma contain impurities carried over from the starting plasma.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable plasma-derived immunoglobulin compositions will contain at least 90% immunoglobulins, preferably at least 95% immunoglobulins, more preferably at least 98% immunoglobulins; most preferably at least 99% immunoglobulins, expressed as a function of total protein content.
  • GAMMAGARD® LIQUID (Baxter International; Deerfield, Ill.) is a plasma-derived immunoglobulin composition formulated at 100 g/L protein.
  • an immunoglobulin composition comprising; consisting essentially of; or consisting of “a plasma-derived immunoglobulin” may contain up to 10% plasma protein impurities carried through during the manufacturing process.
  • the immunoglobulin composition isolated from pooled plasma comprises at least 90% IgG immunoglobulins. In a specific embodiment, the immunoglobulin composition isolated from pooled plasma comprises at least 95% IgG immunoglobulins. In a more specific embodiment, the immunoglobulin composition isolated from pooled plasma comprises at least 98% IgG immunoglobulins. In a yet more specific embodiment, the immunoglobulin composition isolated from pooled plasma comprises at least 99% IgG immunoglobulins. In certain embodiments, the IgG immunoglobulin composition isolated from pooled plasma further comprises IgA and/or IgM immunoglobulins.
  • the immunoglobulin composition isolated from pooled plasma comprises at least 10% IgA. In a specific embodiment, the immunoglobulin composition isolated from pooled plasma comprises at least 25% IgA. In a more specific embodiment, immunoglobulin composition isolated from pooled plasma comprises at least 50% IgA. In yet other embodiments, the immunoglobulin composition isolated from pooled plasma comprises at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or more IgA. In certain embodiments, the IgA immunoglobulin composition isolated from pooled plasma further comprises IgG and/or IgM immunoglobulins.
  • the immunoglobulin composition isolated from pooled plasma comprises at least 10% IgM. In a specific embodiment, the immunoglobulin composition isolated from pooled plasma comprises at least 25% IgM. In a more specific embodiment, immunoglobulin composition isolated from pooled plasma comprises at least 50% IgM. In yet other embodiments, the immunoglobulin composition isolated from pooled plasma comprises at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or more IgM. In certain embodiments, the IgM immunoglobulin composition isolated from pooled plasma further comprises IgG and/or IgA immunoglobulins.
  • the storage stable, plasma derived immunoglobulin composition is a hyper-immune immunoglobulin preparation.
  • the hyper-immune preparation may be an anti-tetanus, anti-D, anti-varicella, anti-rabies, anti-CMV, anti-hepatitis A, or anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin preparation.
  • the present invention provides storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprises: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the formulation of plasma-derived immunoglobulins with moderate concentrations of histidine e.g., 50 mM to 500 mM
  • histidine e.g., 50 mM to 500 mM
  • stabilizing and bulking agents such as surfactants (e.g., non-ionic surfactants), sugars, and sugar alcohols.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation; no more than 0.01% of a surfactant; no more than 1 mM of a sugar; no more than 1 mM of a sugar alcohol; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the storage stable plasma derived IgG aqueous compositions provided herein are stable at room temperature (i.e., 20° C. to 25° C.) for an extended period of time.
  • the storage stable, aqueous IgG composition is stable for at least about 2 months.
  • the composition will be stable for at least about 3 months.
  • the composition will be stable for at least 1 about month, or at least about 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, or more months.
  • the composition will be stable for at least about 6 months.
  • the composition will be stable for at least about 1 year.
  • the composition will be stable for at least about 2 years.
  • the concentration of histidine in a storage stable plasma-derived immunoglobulin composition provided herein is between 50 mM and 500 mM. In another embodiment, the concentration of histidine in the formulation will be between 100 mM and 400 mM. In another embodiment, the concentration of histidine in the formulation will be between 200 mM and 300 mM. In another embodiment, the concentration of histidine in the formulation will be between 225 mM and 275 mM. In another embodiment, the concentration of histidine in the formulation will be between 240 mM and 260 mM. In a particular embodiment, the concentration of histidine will be 250 mM.
  • the concentration of histidine in the formulation will be 50 ⁇ 5 mM, 75 ⁇ 7.5 mM, 100 ⁇ 10 mM, 125 ⁇ 12.5 mM, 150 ⁇ 15 mM, 175 ⁇ 17.5 mM, 200 ⁇ 20 mM, 225 ⁇ 22.5 mM, 250 ⁇ 25 mM, 275 ⁇ 27.5 mM, 300 ⁇ 30 mM, 325 ⁇ 32.5 mM, 350 ⁇ 35 mM, 375 ⁇ 37.5 mM, 400 ⁇ 40 mM, 425 ⁇ 42.5 mM, 450 ⁇ 45 mM, 475 ⁇ 47.5 mM, 500 ⁇ 50 mM or higher.
  • the concentration of histidine in the formulation will be 50 mM, 75 mM, 100 mM, 125 mM, 150 mM, 175 mM, 200 mM, 225 mM, 250 mM, 275 mM, 300 mM, 325 mM, 350 mM, 375 mM, 400 mM, 425 mM, 450 mM, 475 mM, 500 mM or higher.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 100 mM and 400 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 100 mM and 400 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 100 mM and 400 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: a plasma derived immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 225 mM and 275 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 225 mM and 275 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 225 mM and 275 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 240 mM and 260 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 240 mM and 260 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 240 mM and 260 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; 250 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; 250 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; 250 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 6.5.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 6.5.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 6.5.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 6.5.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 6.5.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 6.5.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.4.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.4.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.4.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.3.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.3.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.3.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under-nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.2.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.1.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.1.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.1.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin Composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; and a pH of 6.1.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation. In another particular embodiment, the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas. In a specific embodiment, the composition is stored under nitrogen. In another specific embodiment, the composition is stored under argon. In yet another specific embodiment, the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition. In a specific embodiment, the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable immunoglobulin composition comprising: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal Cation; between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition consisting of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable immunoglobulin composition comprising: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; between 100 mM and 200 mM chloride ions; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; between 100 mM and 200 mM chloride ions; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition consisting of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; between 100 mM and 200 mM chloride ions; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable immunoglobulin composition comprising: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2; and between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2; and between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition consisting of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2; and between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable immunoglobulin composition comprising: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2; and between 100 mM and 200 mM chloride ions.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2; and between 100 mM and 200 mM chloride ions.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin composition consisting of: a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2; and between 100 mM and 200 mM chloride ions.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the histidine formulations provided herein are useful for stabilizing plasma-derived immunoglobulin compositions having a wide range of protein concentrations.
  • the histidine formulations provided herein are well suited to stabilize: low immunoglobulin concentrations e.g., 10-40 g/L or lower); moderate immunoglobulin concentrations that are used in the pharmaceutical formulation of intravenous immunoglobulins (e.g., 40-150 g/L); and high immunoglobulin concentration that are used in the pharmaceutical formulation of immunoglobulins administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly (e.g., 150-250 g/L or higher).
  • the upper limit of immunoglobulin concentrations that may be stabilized by the methods and formulations provided herein is only limited by the solubility limit of the immunoglobulins being formulated or the maximum concentration that can be achieved by the particular manufacturing process being employed. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the immunoglobulin concentration of a storage stable aqueous solution provided herein is between 1 g/L and 250 g/L. Immunoglobulin concentrations may be referred to in terms of g/L or percentage, with an immunoglobulin concentration of 10 g/L corresponding to a protein concentration of 1%.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, low concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition
  • a storage stable, low concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition comprising: less than 40 g/L of a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, low concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition
  • a storage stable, low concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition comprising: less than 40 g/L of a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas. In a specific embodiment, the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon. In yet another specific embodiment, the composition is stored under carbon dioxide. In a particular embodiment, the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition. In a specific embodiment, the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, low concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition consisting essentially of: less than 40 g/L of a plasma-derived immunoglobulin and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen. In another specific embodiment, the composition is stored under argon. In yet another specific embodiment, the composition is stored under carbon dioxide. In a particular embodiment, the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition. In a specific embodiment, the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, low concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition consisting of: less than 40 g/L of a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas. In a specific embodiment, the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon. In yet another specific embodiment, the composition is stored under carbon dioxide. In a particular embodiment, the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition. In a specific embodiment, the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition
  • a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition comprising: between 40 g/L and 150 g/L of a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas. In a specific embodiment, the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon. In yet another specific embodiment, the composition is stored under carbon dioxide. In a particular embodiment, the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition. In a specific embodiment, the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition
  • a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition comprising: between 40 g/L and 150 g/L of a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas. In a specific embodiment, the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon. In yet another specific embodiment, the composition is stored under carbon dioxide. In a particular embodiment, the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition. In a specific embodiment, the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition consisting essentially of: between 40 g/L and 150 g/L of a plasma-derived immunoglobulin and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen. In another specific embodiment, the composition is stored under argon. In yet another specific embodiment, the composition is stored under carbon dioxide. In a particular embodiment, the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition. In a specific embodiment, the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition consisting of: between 40 g/L and 150 g/L of a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas. In a specific embodiment, the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon. In yet another specific embodiment, the composition is stored under carbon dioxide. In a particular embodiment, the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition. In a specific embodiment, the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, high concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition
  • a storage stable, high concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition comprising: more than 150 g/L of a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, high concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition
  • a storage stable, high concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition comprising: more than 150 g/L of a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas. In a specific embodiment, the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon. In yet another specific embodiment, the composition is stored under carbon dioxide. In a particular embodiment, the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition. In a specific embodiment, the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, high concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition consisting essentially of: more than 150 g/L of a plasma-derived immunoglobulin and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen. In another specific embodiment, the composition is stored under argon. In yet another specific embodiment, the composition is stored under carbon dioxide. In a particular embodiment, the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition. In a specific embodiment, the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, high concentration immunoglobulin aqueous composition consisting of: more than 150 g/L of a plasma-derived immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas. In a specific embodiment, the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon. In yet another specific embodiment, the composition is stored under carbon dioxide. In a particular embodiment, the plasma-derived immunoglobulin is an IgG-containing immunoglobulin composition. In a specific embodiment, the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides storage stable, recombinant immunoglobulin preparations.
  • Methods for obtaining recombinant antibodies, such as recombinant human antibodies are well known in the art.
  • a desired human antibody having a binding activity for a desired antigen can be obtained by in vitro immunizing human lymphocytes with the desired antigen or a cell expressing the desired antigen and fusing the immunized lymphocytes to human myeloma cells.
  • a desired human antibody can also be obtained by immunizing a transgenic animal having all human antibody gene repertoires with an antigen (see, International Publications Nos.
  • phages binding to an antigen can be selected by expressing the variable regions of a human antibody as single chain antibody fragments (scFv) on phage surfaces by a phage display method.
  • the DNA sequences encoding the variable regions of the human antibody binding to the antigen can be determined by analyzing the genes of the selected phages.
  • a whole human antibody can be obtained by preparing a suitable expression vector containing the determined DNA sequences of the scFv fragments binding to the antigen. These methods have already been well known from WO 92/01047, WO 92/20791, WO 93/06213, WO 93/11236, WO 93/19172, WO 95/01438, and WO 95/15388.
  • recombinant antibodies can be expressed in tissue or cell culture after transforming a recombinant gene for the construct into a suitable host.
  • Suitable eukaryotic cells for use as hosts include animal, plant and fungal cells.
  • Known animal cells include (I) mammalian cells such as CHO, COS, myeloma, BHK (baby hamster kidney), HeLa and Vero cells; (2) amphibian cells such as Xenopus oocytes ; or (3) insect sells such as sf9, sf21 and Tn5.
  • Known plant cells include cells of Nicotiana such as Nicotiana tabacum , which can be used as callus cultures.
  • Known fungi include yeasts such as Saccharomyces spp., e.g. Saccharomyces serevisiae and filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus spp., e.g. Aspergillus niger .
  • Prokaryotic cells can be used as producing systems using bacterial cells.
  • Known bacterial cells include E. coli and Bacillus subtilis .
  • Antibodies can be obtained by transforming these cells with an antibody gene of interest and culturing the transformed cells in vitro.
  • the media used to express a recombinant protein can be animal protein-free and chemically defined.
  • Methods of preparing animal protein-free and chemically defined culture mediums are known in the art, for example in US 2008/0009040 and US 2007/0212770, which are both incorporated herein for all purposes.
  • “Protein free” and related terms refers to protein that is from a source exogenous to or other than the cells in the culture, which naturally shed proteins during growth.
  • the culture medium is polypeptide free.
  • the culture medium is serum free.
  • the culture medium is animal protein free.
  • the culture medium is animal component free.
  • the culture medium contains protein, e.g., animal protein from serum such as fetal calf serum.
  • the culture has recombinant proteins exogenously added.
  • the proteins are from a certified pathogen free animal.
  • the term “chemically defined” as used herein shall mean, that the medium does not comprise any undefined supplements, such as, for example, extracts of animal components, organs, glands, plants, or yeast. Accordingly, each component of a chemically defined medium is accurately defined.
  • the media are animal-component free and protein free.
  • a recombinant antibody formulated as provided herein is specific for a polypeptide associated with a disease or disorder.
  • polypeptides include macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI); alpha-1-antitrypsin; insulin A-chain; insulin B-chain; proinsulin; follicle stimulating hormone; calcitonin; luteinizing hormone; glucagon; clotting factors such as, Factor II (prothrombin), Factor III (platelet tissue factor), Factor V, Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor XI, Factor XII, Factor XIII, and von Willebrand factor; anti-clotting factors such as Antithrombin III (ATIII), Protein C; atrial natriuretic factor; lung surfactant; a plasminogen activator, such as urokinase or human urine or tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA); bombe
  • MIF macro
  • the present invention provides storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a recombinant immunoglobulin comprising: a recombinant immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the antibody is a recombinant anti-MIF antibody.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprises: a recombinant immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the antibody is a recombinant anti-MIF antibody.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition
  • a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition comprising a recombinant immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation; no more than 0.01% of a surfactant; no more than 1 mM of a sugar; no more than 1 mM of a sugar alcohol; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the antibody is a recombinant anti-MIF antibody.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting essentially of: a recombinant immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the antibody is a recombinant anti-MIF antibody.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable, aqueous immunoglobulin composition consisting of a recombinant immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation; no more than 0.01% of a surfactant; no more than 1 mM of a sugar; no more than 1 mM of a sugar alcohol; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the antibody is a recombinant anti-MIF antibody.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition
  • a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition comprising: a recombinant immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the antibody is a recombinant anti-MIF antibody.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition consisting essentially of: a recombinant immunoglobulin and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas. In a specific embodiment, the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon. In yet another specific embodiment, the composition is stored under carbon dioxide. In a particular embodiment, the antibody is a recombinant anti-MIF antibody. In a specific embodiment, the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a storage stable immunoglobulin aqueous composition consisting of: a recombinant immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the composition contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the composition further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the immunoglobulin composition is contained in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the composition is stored under nitrogen.
  • the composition is stored under argon.
  • the composition is stored under carbon dioxide.
  • the antibody is a recombinant anti-MIF antibody.
  • the final composition does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides methods for stabilizing immunoglobulin compositions for therapeutic administration.
  • the following embodiments are based in part on the unexpected discovery that the formulation of immunoglobulins with histidine at mildly acidic to neutral pH stabilizes the immunoglobulins that are otherwise labile at these pH values, and/or labile when formulated with histidine at an acidic pH, and/or labile when formulated in the presence of alkali metal cations.
  • immunoglobulin may be stabilized by the methods provided herein.
  • immunoglobulin preparations that may be stabilized include, plasma-derived immunoglobulin preparations, recombinant polyclonal or monoclonal preparations, minibodies, diabodies, triabodies, antibody fragments such as Fv, Fab and F(ab)2 or fragmented antibodies such as monovalent or multivalent single chain Fvs (scFv, sc(Fv)2, minibodies, diabodies, and triabodies such as scFv dimers) in which the variable regions of an antibody are joined together via a linker such as a peptide linker, and the like.
  • a linker such as a peptide linker
  • Recombinant antibodies include murine antibodies, rodent antibodies, human antibodies, chimeric human antibodies (e.g., human/murine chimeras), humanized antibodies (e.g., humanized murine antibodies), and the like.
  • the recombinant antibody is a human, chimeric human, or humanized antibody suitable for administration to a human.
  • the immunoglobulin in a full length, or near full length immunoglobulin, which will generally be more labile then engineered fragments thereof.
  • the methods provided herein stabilize immunoglobulin formulations at room temperature (i.e., between 20° C. and 25° C.) for an extended period of time.
  • the methods stabilize an immunoglobulin composition stored at room temperature for at least about 2 months.
  • the methods stabilize an immunoglobulin composition stored at room temperature for at least about 3 months.
  • the methods stabilize an immunoglobulin composition stored at room temperature for at least 1 about month, or at least about 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, or more months.
  • the methods stabilize an immunoglobulin composition stored at room temperature for at least about 6 months. In a more preferred embodiment, methods stabilize an immunoglobulin composition stored at room temperature for at least about 1 year. In a more preferred embodiment, methods stabilize an immunoglobulin composition stored at room temperature for at least about 2 years.
  • the methods stabilize an immunoglobulin composition for at least six months when stored at a temperature between about 28° C. and about 32° C. In a specific embodiment, the methods stabilize an immunoglobulin composition for at least one year when stored at a temperature between about 28° C. and about 32° C. In a more specific embodiment, the methods stabilize an immunoglobulin composition for at least two years when stored at a temperature between about 28° C. and about 32° C. In another embodiment, the methods stabilize an immunoglobulin composition for at least six months when stored at a temperature between about 38° C. and about 42° C. In a specific embodiment, the methods stabilize an immunoglobulin composition for at least one year when stored at a temperature between about 38° C. and about 42° C. In a more specific embodiment, the methods stabilize an immunoglobulin composition for at least two years when stored at a temperature between about 38° C. and about 42° C.
  • the methods provided herein further comprise dispensing the composition into a sterile containment vessel and sealing the vessel air-tight, for example, using a rubber stopper.
  • Immunoglobulin compositions in the air-tight vessels are preferably protected from ambient light by storage in a dark place, the use of a tinted vessel material (typically glass or plastic), and/or covering the surface of the vessel with an opaque substance.
  • the methods further comprise filling the headspace in the containment vessel with an inert gas (i.e., replacing the headspace air in the containment vessel with an inert gas).
  • the inert gas helps to maintain an inert atmosphere above the liquid composition.
  • the methods provided herein comprise a step of storing the storage stable immunoglobulin composition under inert gas.
  • inert gasses include, nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide.
  • the inert gas is nitrogen.
  • the inert gas is argon.
  • the inert gas is carbon dioxide.
  • the present invention provides a method for stabilizing an aqueous immunoglobulin composition, the method comprising formulating an immunoglobulin composition with between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • method further comprises storing the immunoglobulin composition in an air-tight containment vessel under an inert gas.
  • the inert gas is nitrogen.
  • the inert gas is argon.
  • the inert gas is carbon dioxide.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a method for stabilizing an aqueous immunoglobulin composition, the method comprising formulating an immunoglobulin composition with: between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • method further comprises storing the immunoglobulin composition in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the inert gas is nitrogen.
  • the inert gas is argon.
  • the inert gas is carbon dioxide.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation comprises: an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation; no more than 0.01% of a surfactant; no more than 1 mM of a sugar; no more than 1 mM of a sugar alcohol; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a method for stabilizing an aqueous immunoglobulin composition, the method comprising formulating an immunoglobulin composition with: between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation; no more than 0.01% of a surfactant; no more than 1 mM of a sugar; no more than 1 mM of a sugar alcohol; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • method further comprises storing the immunoglobulin composition in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the inert gas is nitrogen.
  • the inert gas is argon.
  • the inert gas is carbon dioxide.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the methods provided by the present invention may be used to stabilize any immunoglobulin composition, including but not limited to: immunoglobulin compositions isolated from pooled plasma (e.g., human pooled plasma); immunoglobulin compositions isolated from mammary secretions; immunoglobulin compositions isolated from avian sources (e.g., IgY containing compositions isolated from the yolk of chicken eggs); and recombinant immunoglobulins (e.g., monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies).
  • immunoglobulin compositions isolated from pooled plasma e.g., human pooled plasma
  • immunoglobulin compositions isolated from mammary secretions e.g., immunoglobulin compositions isolated from avian sources (e.g., IgY containing compositions isolated from the yolk of chicken eggs); and recombinant immunoglobulins (e.g., monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies).
  • the present invention provides a method for stabilizing an aqueous immunoglobulin composition, the method comprising formulating an immunoglobulin composition with: between 100 mM and 400 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • method further comprises storing the immunoglobulin composition in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the inert gas is nitrogen.
  • the inert gas is argon.
  • the inert gas is carbon dioxide.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 100 mM and 400 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists of: an immunoglobulin; between 100 mM and 400 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation comprises: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation comprises: an immunoglobulin; between 225 mM and 275 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 225 mM and 275 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists of: an immunoglobulin; between 225 mM and 275 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation comprises: an immunoglobulin; between 240 mM and 260 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation consists essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 240 mM and 260 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists of: an immunoglobulin; between 240 mM and 260 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation comprises: an immunoglobulin; 250 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists essentially of: an immunoglobulin; 250 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists of: an immunoglobulin; 250 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the storage stable immunoglobulin compositions provided by the present invention are formulated at mildly acidic to neutral pH. Generally, this includes pH values between 5.5 and 7.0. In a preferred embodiment, the pH value is between 5.5 and 6.5. However, the range of pH values at which any individual immunoglobulin composition is stabilized by the inclusion of histidine in the formulation may vary, dependent upon the properties of the particular immunoglobulin.
  • the methods comprise formulating immunoglobulins at a pH between 5.5 and 7.0. In another embodiment, the methods comprise formulating immunoglobulins at a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. In other embodiments, the methods comprise formulating immunoglobulins at a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. In another embodiment, the methods comprise formulating immunoglobulins at a pH between 5.5 and 6.0. In one embodiment, the methods comprise formulating immunoglobulins at a pH between 6.0 and 6.5. In another embodiment, the methods comprise formulating immunoglobulins at a pH between 6.5 and 7.0. In another embodiment, the methods comprise formulating immunoglobulins at a pH of 6.0 ⁇ 4.
  • the methods comprise formulating immunoglobulins at a pH of 6.0 ⁇ 3. In another embodiment, the methods comprise formulating immunoglobulins at a pH of 6.0 ⁇ 2. In another embodiment, the methods comprise formulating immunoglobulins at a pH of 6.0 ⁇ 1. In another embodiment, the methods comprise formulating immunoglobulins at a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 5. In another embodiment, the methods comprise formulating immunoglobulins at a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 4. In another embodiment, the methods comprise formulating immunoglobulins at a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 3. In another embodiment, the methods comprise formulating immunoglobulins at a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 2. In another embodiment, the methods comprise formulating immunoglobulins at a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 1.
  • the methods comprise formulating immunoglobulins at a pH of 5.5 ⁇ 0.2, 5.6 ⁇ 0.2, 5.7 ⁇ 0.2, 5.8 ⁇ 0.2, 5.9 ⁇ 0.2, 6.0 ⁇ 0.2, 6.1 ⁇ 0.2, 6.2 ⁇ 0.2, 6.3 ⁇ 0.2, 6.4 ⁇ 0.2, 6.5 ⁇ 0.2, 6.6 ⁇ 0.2, 6.7 ⁇ 0.2, 6.8 ⁇ 0.2, 6.9 ⁇ 0.2, or 7.0 ⁇ 0.2.
  • the methods comprise formulating immunoglobulins at a pH of 5.5 ⁇ 0.1, or 5.6 ⁇ 0.1, 5.7 ⁇ 0.1, 5.8 ⁇ 0.1, 5.9 ⁇ 0.1, 6.0 ⁇ 0.1, 6.1 ⁇ 0.1, 6.2 ⁇ 0.1, 6.3 ⁇ 0.1, 6.4 ⁇ 0.1, 6.5 ⁇ 0.1, 6.6 ⁇ 0.1, 6.7 ⁇ 0.1, 6.8 ⁇ 0.1, 6.9 ⁇ 0.1, or 7.0 ⁇ 0.1.
  • the methods comprise formulating immunoglobulins at a pH of 5.5, or 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, or 7.0.
  • the present invention provides a method for stabilizing an aqueous immunoglobulin composition, the method comprising formulating an immunoglobulin composition with: between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 6.5.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • method further comprises storing the immunoglobulin composition in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the inert gas is nitrogen.
  • the inert gas is argon.
  • the inert gas is carbon dioxide.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 6.5.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists of: an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation comprises: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; and a pH between 5.5 and 6.5.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation comprises: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.4. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.4.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.4. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation comprises: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.3. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.3.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.3. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation comprises: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.2. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.2.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.2. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation comprises: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.1. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists essentially of: an -immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.1.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1 ⁇ 0.1. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation comprises: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; and a pH of 6.1.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists of: an immunoglobulin; between 200 mM and 300 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH of 6.1. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation. In a specific embodiment, the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the method comprises formulating an immunoglobulin composition with a combination of histidine concentration and pH selected from any one of variations (Var.) 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the present invention provides a method for stabilizing an aqueous immunoglobulin composition, the method comprising formulating an immunoglobulin composition with: no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • method further comprises storing the immunoglobulin composition in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the inert gas is nitrogen.
  • the inert gas is argon.
  • the inert gas is carbon dioxide.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists essentially of: an immunoglobulin and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists of: an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the) group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a method for stabilizing an aqueous immunoglobulin composition, the method comprising formulating an immunoglobulin composition with: between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • method further comprises storing the immunoglobulin composition in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the inert gas is nitrogen.
  • the inert gas is argon.
  • the inert gas is carbon dioxide.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the composition contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists of: an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation comprises: an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; between 100 mM and 200 mM chloride ions; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists essentially of: an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; between 100 mM and 200 mM chloride ions; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists of: an immunoglobulin; between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; between 100 mM and 200 mM chloride ions; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation comprises: an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2; and between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists essentially of: an immunoglobulin; a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2; and between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists of: an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2; and between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation comprises: an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2; and between 100 mM and 200 mM chloride ions.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists essentially of: an immunoglobulin; a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2; and between 100 mM and 200 mM chloride ions.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists of: an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2; and between 100 mM and 200 mM chloride ions.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the methods provided herein are useful for stabilizing immunoglobulin compositions having a wide range of protein concentrations.
  • the methods provided herein are well suited to stabilize: low immunoglobulin concentrations that are used in the pharmaceutical formulation of monoclonal antibodies (e.g., 10-40 g/L or lower); moderate immunoglobulin concentrations that are used in the pharmaceutical formulation of intravenous immunoglobulins (e.g., 40-150 g/L); and high immunoglobulin concentration that are used in the pharmaceutical formulation of immunoglobulins administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly (e.g., 150-250 g/L or higher).
  • the upper limit of immunoglobulin concentrations that may be stabilized by the methods and formulations provided herein is only limited by the solubility limit of the immunoglobulins being formulated or the maximum concentration that can be achieved by the particular manufacturing process being employed. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the immunoglobulin concentration of a storage stable aqueous solution provided herein is between 1 g/L and 250 g/L.
  • the final formulation comprises: less than 40 g/L of an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists essentially of: less than 40 g/L of an immunoglobulin and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the final formulation consists of: less than 40 g/L of an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the method comprises formulating the immunoglobulin at a concentration between 10 g/L and 40 g/L. In another embodiment, the concentration of the immunoglobulin is between 20 g/L and 30 g/L. In one embodiment, the concentration of the immunoglobulin is less than 40 g/L. In one embodiment, the concentration of the immunoglobulin is no more than 40 g/L. In another embodiment, the concentration of the immunoglobulin is no more than 30 g/L. In another embodiment, the concentration of the immunoglobulin is no more than 20 g/L. In another embodiment, the concentration of the immunoglobulin is no more than 10 g/L.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin is 10 ⁇ 1 g/L, 15 ⁇ 1.5 g/L, 20 ⁇ 2 g/L, 25 ⁇ 2.5 g/L, 30 ⁇ 3 g/L, 35 ⁇ 3.5 g/L, or 40 ⁇ 4 g/L. In yet other embodiments, the concentration of the immunoglobulin is 1 g/L, 2 g/L, 3 g/L, 4 g/L, 5 g/L, 6 g/L, 7 g/L, 8 g/L, 9 g/L, 10 g/L. 11 g/L. 12 g/L. 13 g/L. 14 g/L. 15 g/L. 16 g/L. 17 g/L.
  • the present invention provides a method for stabilizing an aqueous immunoglobulin composition, the method comprising formulating a composition comprising between 40 g/L and 150 g/L immunoglobulin with: between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • method further comprises storing the immunoglobulin composition in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the inert gas is nitrogen.
  • the inert gas is argon.
  • the inert gas is carbon dioxide.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation comprises: between 40 g/L and 150 g/L of an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists essentially of: between 40 g/L and 150 g/L of an immunoglobulin and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists of: between 40 g/L and 150 g/L of an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • present invention provides a method for stabilizing an aqueous immunoglobulin composition, the method comprising formulating a composition comprising more than 150 g/L of an immunoglobulin with: between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • method further comprises storing the immunoglobulin composition in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the inert gas is nitrogen.
  • the inert gas is argon.
  • the inert gas is carbon dioxide.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation comprises: more than 150 g/L of an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists of: more than 150 g/L of an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the concentration of the immunoglobulin is between 175 g/L and 225 g/L In certain embodiments, the concentration of the immunoglobulin is 150 ⁇ 15 g/L, 160 ⁇ 16 g/L, 170 ⁇ 17 g/L, 180 ⁇ 18 g/L, 190 ⁇ 19 g/L, 200 ⁇ 20 g/L, 210 ⁇ 21 g/L, 220 ⁇ 22 g/L, 230 ⁇ 23 g/L, 240 ⁇ 24 g/L, or 250 ⁇ 25 g/L.
  • the storage stable compositions provided herein will be formulated for parenteral administration including, but not limited to, intradermal, subcutaneous, transdermal implant, intracavernous, intravitreal, transscleral, intracerebral, intrathecal, epidural, intravenous, intracardiac, intramuscular, intraosseous, intraperitoneal, and nanocell injection administration.
  • the compositions provided herein will be formulated for intravenous administration.
  • the compositions provided herein will be formulated for subcutaneous administration.
  • the compositions provided herein will be formulated for intramuscular administration.
  • the formulation is suitable for intravenous administration as well as either or both subcutaneous and intramuscular administration.
  • the methods provided herein further comprise a formulation step of adding one or more excipients to the immunoglobulin composition.
  • excipients that can be included in the formulations provided herein include non-ionic surfactants, bulking agents (e.g., sugars and sugar alcohols), antioxidants, polysaccharides, and pharmaceutically acceptable water-soluble polymers (e.g., poly(acrylic acid), poly(ethylene oxide), poly(ethylene glycol), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and starch).
  • the excipient is an agent for adjusting the osmolarity of the composition.
  • osmolarity agents include mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, sucrose, glucose, dextrose, levulose, fructose, lactose, polyethylene glycols, phosphates, calcium chloride, calcium gluconoglucoheptonate, dimethyl sulfone, and the like.
  • the final formulation comprises: an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; an antioxidant; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the final formulation consists essentially of: an immunoglobulin; an antioxidant; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the final formulation does not contain a surfactant or sugar.
  • the present invention provides a method for stabilizing an aqueous immunoglobulin composition, the method comprising formulating an immunoglobulin composition with: between 50 mM and 500 mM histidine; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; a sugar and/or sugar alcohol, and a pH between 5.5 and 7.0.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • method further comprises storing the immunoglobulin composition in an air-tight containment vessel under inert gas.
  • the inert gas is nitrogen.
  • the inert gas is argon.
  • the inert gas is carbon dioxide.
  • the final formulation comprises: an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; a sugar and/or sugar alcohol; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the final formulation consists essentially of: an immunoglobulin; a sugar and/or sugar alcohol; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • the final formulation consists of: an immunoglobulin; no more than 10 mM of an alkali metal cation; a sugar and/or sugar alcohol; and a histidine/pH combination selected from the group consisting of variations 1 to 952, as provided in Table 1 and Table 2.
  • the final formulation contains no more than 1 mM of an alkali metal cation.
  • the final formulation further comprises between 10 mM and 400 mM chloride ions.
  • IgG compositions formulated at mildly acid to neutral pH were formulated at mildly acid to neutral pH.
  • elevated temperatures 38° C. to 42° C.
  • a 20% IgG composition, prepared as in Example 1 was divided into samples that were formulated with increasing salt concentrations (0 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM, and 150 mM) at mildly acid to neutral pHs (pH 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, and 7.5).
  • the aqueous formulations were then stored at between 38° C. and 42° C. for 6 months. After the 6 month incubation period, the molecular size distribution of IgG in the various formulations were investigated by high performance size exclusion chromatography (HP-SEC). The percentage of IgG aggregates present in the various formulations is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the stability of the immunoglobulin preparation is dependent upon both the pH and the salt concentration of the formulation.
  • Addition of 100 mM or 150 mM sodium chloride in the formulation provided additional stability, as compared to the protective effects seen for 50 mM sodium chloride in Example 1, at pHs between 6.0 and 7.5.
  • inclusion of 150 mM sodium chloride in of IgG compositions formulates at pHs between 6.0 and 7.5 reduced IgG aggregation by more than 50% on average.
  • Optimal stabilization was seen in formulations containing 150 mM sodium chloride at pH 6.5, in which aggregate formation was reduced more than 50% as compared to formulations with 50 mM sodium chloride and about 60% as compared to formulations with no sodium chloride. Consistent with previous observations, the addition of sodium chloride in IgG formulations at lower pH (5.5) results in a destabilizing effect.
  • Hizentra® (20% Immune Globulin Subcutaneous (Human); CSL Behring) is a 20% immunoglobulin preparation for subcutaneous administration. This product is formulated at low pH (pH 4.8) employing proline as a stabilizer.
  • proline as a stabilizer for immunoglobulin solutions is superior to the use of glycine or histidine (Maeder et al., Biologicals. 2011 January; 39(1):43-9; Bolli et al., Biologicals. 2010 January; 38(1):150-7).
  • the purpose of this study is to compare the stability of 20% immunoglobulin formulations using 0.25 M glycine, 0.25 M proline, or 0.25 M histidine.
  • the liquid formulations were incubated at 28° C. to 32° C. and 38° C. to 42° C. for up to one year under air, nitrogen, or argon atmosphere.
  • the pool was then split into three parts of 500 mL each to formulate the preparation at 20% protein in glycine, histidine, or proline.
  • the immunoglobulin pool was just concentrated to 20% using an ultra-/diafiltration device equipped with a 0.2 m 2 polyethersulfone membrane (Pellicon Mini 30K B-30V).
  • the pool aliquots were diafiltered ten times at a protein concentration of 5% against either 0.25 M proline (pH 4.8) or 0.25 M histidine (pH 6.0) prior to concentrating the samples to 20% protein using an ultra-/diafiltration device equipped with a 0.2 m 2 polyethersulfone membrane (Pellicon Mini 30K B-30V).
  • the molecular size distribution (MSD) of the 20% formulations after ultra-/diafiltration is provided in Table 5. The data demonstrate that the ultra-/diafiltration steps do not drastically alter the molecular size distribution of the immunoglobulin preparations.
  • Use of proline as a stabilizer appears to have an aggregation enhancing effect.
  • samples 1F, 2F, and 3F, formulated without polysorbate 80 and stored under air were stored between 28° C. to 32° C. protected from light for up to one year.
  • the molecular size distribution of the samples were determined after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.
  • the level of immunoglobulin aggregates in samples formulated with histidine at pH 6.1 was significantly depressed as compared to the proline and glycine formulations. Slightly lower levels of immunoglobulin fragmentation were observed in the histidine formulations as compared to the other two samples.
  • samples 4F, 5F, and 6F, formulated without polysorbate 80 and stored under nitrogen were stored between 28° C. to 32° C. protected from light for up to one year.
  • the molecular size distribution of the samples were determined after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.
  • storage of the samples under nitrogen reduced the level of immunoglobulin aggregation in the proline and glycine formulated samples by 14% and 28%, respectively, as compared to samples 1F and 3F stored under normal atmosphere for 12 months.
  • storage of the histidine formulation under nitrogen reduced the level of immunoglobulin aggregation by nearly 50% as compared to sample 2F stored under normal atmosphere for 12 months.
  • the level of immunoglobulin aggregation in the histidine-formulated sample stored under nitrogen was less than half of the levels of aggregation for the similarly stored proline and glycine formulations (4F and 6F, respectively) Even more interestingly, the level of immunoglobulin fragmentation in the histidine formulation stored under nitrogen was lowered as compared to the histidine formulated sample stored under air. The fragmentation levels of the proline and glycine formulations were not affected by storage under nitrogen.
  • samples 7F, 8F, and 9F, formulated without polysorbate 80 and stored under argon were stored between 28° C. to 32° C. protected from light for up to one year.
  • the molecular size distribution of the samples were determined after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.
  • storage of the proline and glycine formulations under argon resulted in a less than 30% reduction in the level of immunoglobulin aggregates, as compared to samples 1F and 3F stored under normal atmosphere for 12 months (Table 10).
  • storage of the histidine formulation under argon reduced the level of immunoglobulin aggregation by 50% as compared to sample 2F stored under normal atmosphere for 12 months.
  • the level of immunoglobulin aggregation in the histidine-formulated sample stored under argon (8F) was less than half of the levels of aggregation for the similarly stored proline and glycine formulations (7F and 9F, respectively).
  • the level of immunoglobulin fragmentation in the histidine formulation stored under argon was again lowered as compared to the histidine formulated sample stored under air. The fragmentation levels of the proline and glycine formulations were again not affected by storage under argon.
  • samples 10F, 11F, and 12F were stored between 38° C. to 42° C. protected from light for up to five weeks.
  • the molecular size distribution of the samples was determined after 1, 2, and 5 weeks.
  • Table 11 the level of immunoglobulin aggregates in samples formulated with histidine at pH 6.1 was significantly depressed as compared to the proline and glycine formulations. Slightly lower levels of immunoglobulin fragmentation were observed in the histidine formulations as compared to the other two samples.
  • samples 13F, 14F, and 15F, formulated without polysorbate 80 and stored under nitrogen were stored between 38° C. to 42° C. protected from light for up to four weeks.
  • the molecular size distributions of the samples were determined after 1, 2, and 4 weeks.
  • storage of the samples under nitrogen reduced the level of immunoglobulin aggregation in the proline and histidine, but not the glycine formulated samples, as compared to samples stored under normal atmosphere (compare Table 11 and Table 12 at 2 weeks).
  • the level of immunoglobulin aggregation in the histidine-formulated sample stored under nitrogen was less than a third of the levels of aggregation for the similarly stored proline and glycine formulations (13F and 15F, respectively)
  • the fragmentation levels of the proline and histidine formulations were not affected by storage under nitrogen, while a slight increase in the amount of immunoglobulin fragmentation was seen in the glycine formulation.
  • samples 16F, 17F, and 18F, formulated without polysorbate 80 and stored under argon were stored between 38° C. to 42° C. protected from light for up to four weeks.
  • the molecular size distribution of the samples were determined after 1, 2, and 4 weeks.
  • storage of all three formulations under argon resulted in a slight reduction in the level of immunoglobulin aggregates, as compared to samples stored under normal atmosphere for 12 months.
  • the level of immunoglobulin aggregation in the histidine-formulated sample stored under argon was less than a third of the levels of aggregation for the similarly stored proline and glycine formulations (16F and 18F, respectively).
  • the level of immunoglobulin fragmentation in the histidine formulation stored under argon was again lowered as compared to the histidine formulated sample stored under air.
  • the fragmentation levels of the proline and glycine formulations were slightly increased as compared to those stored under normal atmosphere.
  • the optical density (OD) of each sample was monitored at 350 nm for samples stored under normal atmosphere, nitrogen, and argon at 28° C. to 32° C. for up to 12 months.
  • the OD values for all readings, except those taken at time 0, have been corrected by the OD at 500 nm to account for air trapped in the highly concentrated solution.
  • the histidine formulation at pH 6.1 ( ⁇ ) starts to develop a strong discoloration after three months under normal-atmosphere.
  • the use of inert gas significantly protects the histidine formulation from this discoloration.
  • Sample formulation for study IGSC74 was performed as for study IGSC73, described in Example 3, except for the following changes: i.) four Gammagard Liquid final containers (prepared from pooled plasma according to the Gammagard Liquid process outlined in Teschner et al. (Vox Sang. 2007 January; 92(1):42-55)) with lot numbers P00409NG, P00809NG, P00909NG, and P01009NG were pooled and the pH adjusted to 4.5 to 4.8; and ii.) the sample stabilized with histidine was formulated at pH 4.8, rather than 6.1. Samples were numbered as for study IGSC73 in Example 3 (1F to 18F).
  • the molecular size distribution (MSD) of the 20% formulations after ultra-/diafiltration is provided in Table 14
  • the use of proline as a stabilizer again appeared to have an aggregation enhancing effect.
  • the histidine formulation at pH 4.8 had significantly higher levels of immunoglobulin aggregates and fragments after storage for 12 months, as compared to the proline and glycine formulations. This is in stark contrast to the immunoglobulin compositions formulated with histidine at pH 6.1, which displayed increased stability over time as compared to the proline and glycine formulations.
  • samples 4F, 5F, and 6F, formulated without polysorbate 80 and stored under nitrogen were stored between 28° C. to 32° C. protected from light for up to one year.
  • the molecular size distributions of the samples were determined after 1, 3, 6, and 12 Months.
  • the histidine formulation at pH 4.8 had significantly higher levels of immunoglobulin aggregates and fragments after storage for 12 months, as compared to the proline and glycine formulations (Table 16).
  • the level of immunoglobulin aggregation and fragmentation of the proline and glycine formulations stored under nitrogen was very similar for study IGSC73 and IGSC74.
  • samples 7F, 8F, and 9F, formulated without polysorbate 80 and stored under argon were stored between 28° C. to 32° C. protected from light for up to one year.
  • the molecular size distributions of the samples were determined after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.
  • the histidine formulation at pH 4.8 had significantly higher levels of immunoglobulin aggregates and fragments after storage for 12 months, as compared to the proline and glycine formulations (Table 17).
  • the level of immunoglobulin aggregation and fragmentation of the proline and glycine formulations stored under argon was similar for study IGSC73 and IGSC74.
  • samples 10F, 11F, and 12F were stored between 38° C. to 42° C. protected from light for up to four weeks.
  • the molecular size distributions of the samples were determined after 1, 2, and 4 weeks.
  • histidine formulation at pH 4.8 is not stable at all and the analysis was discontinued after two weeks.
  • the preparations stabilized with glycine and proline show less aggregation.
  • the formulation with proline has only 3.8% aggregates at the end of the study, while in IGSC73 the aggregate content rose to 4.8%.
  • the proline stabilized immunoglobulin tends more to aggregation than the glycine stabilized IgG. Oligo-/dimer contents are slightly lower in the proline formulation.
  • samples 13F, 14F, and 15F, formulated without polysorbate 80 and stored under nitrogen were stored between 38° C. to 42° C. protected from light for up to four weeks.
  • the molecular size distributions of the samples were determined after 1, 2, and 4 weeks.
  • Table 19 the histidine formulation shows instability at pH 4.8 even under inert gas.
  • nitrogen is used as inert gas
  • glycine formulated IgG is the most stable. In comparison to proline stabilized IgG, it aggregates less. The oligo-/dimer contents are almost at the same level.
  • samples 16F, 17F, and 18F, formulated without polysorbate 80 and stored under argon were stored between 38° C. to 42° C. protected from light for up to four weeks.
  • the molecular size distributions of the samples were determined after 1, 2, and 4 weeks.
  • the histidine formulation shows instability at pH 4.8 even under inert gas.
  • the formulations with glycine or proline give the same molecular size distribution results as under normal atmosphere.
  • the optical density (OD) of each sample was monitored at 350 nm for samples stored under normal atmosphere, nitrogen, and argon at 28° C. to 32° C. for up to 12 months.
  • the OD values for all readings, except those taken at time 0, have been corrected by the OD at 500 nm to account for air trapped in the highly concentrated solution.
  • the histidine formulation at pH 4.8 starts to develop a much stronger discoloration after three months under normal atmosphere, but under inert gas the color is only half as intensive.
  • the discoloration is less pronounced under normal atmosphere and about the same under inert gas. This confirms the observation that the discoloration is not correlated to the aggregate level. Discoloration under inert gas, especially under nitrogen is also less pronounced for proline and glycine formulated solutions in this study compared to the same formulations under normal atmosphere.
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EA201692397A1 (ru) 2017-08-31
EA027353B1 (ru) 2017-07-31
EP4289445A3 (en) 2024-02-21
WO2012037530A1 (en) 2012-03-22
CN104524566A (zh) 2015-04-22
CN103282042B (zh) 2014-12-10
AR122552A2 (es) 2022-09-21
US9855331B2 (en) 2018-01-02
CO6660498A2 (es) 2013-04-30
IL225093B (en) 2018-05-31
EA201390400A1 (ru) 2013-08-30
AU2011301807B2 (en) 2015-07-30
AR083034A1 (es) 2013-01-30
JP6055412B2 (ja) 2016-12-27
AU2011301807C1 (en) 2016-02-11
DK2616090T3 (da) 2023-09-18
EP2616091A1 (en) 2013-07-24
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AU2011301803A1 (en) 2013-03-21
CL2013000724A1 (es) 2014-03-21
BR112013006308A2 (pt) 2016-06-07
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JP2013544763A (ja) 2013-12-19
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