US7314557B2 - Method and device for forming mineral wool - Google Patents
Method and device for forming mineral wool Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US7314557B2 US7314557B2 US10/467,175 US46717504A US7314557B2 US 7314557 B2 US7314557 B2 US 7314557B2 US 46717504 A US46717504 A US 46717504A US 7314557 B2 US7314557 B2 US 7314557B2
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- orifices
- centrifuge
- annular
- surface area
- distance
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/04—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by using centrifugal force, e.g. spinning through radial orifices; Construction of the spinner cups therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/04—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by using centrifugal force, e.g. spinning through radial orifices; Construction of the spinner cups therefor
- C03B37/045—Construction of the spinner cups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/04—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by using centrifugal force, e.g. spinning through radial orifices; Construction of the spinner cups therefor
- C03B37/048—Means for attenuating the spun fibres, e.g. blowers for spinner cups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/08—Bushings, e.g. construction, bushing reinforcement means; Spinnerettes; Nozzles; Nozzle plates
- C03B37/083—Nozzles; Bushing nozzle plates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
- Y10T428/2998—Coated including synthetic resin or polymer
Definitions
- the invention relates to techniques for formation of mineral fibers or other thermoplastic materials through the process of internal centrifugation combined with drawing by a gaseous current at high temperature. It applies in particular to the industrial production of glass wool intended to be used, for example, in the composition of thermal and/or acoustic insulation products.
- the fiber-formation process to which the invention relates consists of feeding a thin stream of molten glass to a centrifuge, also called a fiberization spinner, turning at high speed and perforated on its periphery by a very large number of orifices through which glass is sprayed in the form of filaments under the action of centrifugal force. These filaments are then subjected to the action of a high-temperature and high-speed annular drawing current along the wall of the centrifuge. This current thins them down and transforms them into fibers. The fibers formed are carried along by this gaseous drawing current towards a receiving mechanism generally consisting of a gas-permeable strip. This process is known as “internal centrifugation.”
- patent FR 1,382,917 (application Feb. 27, 1963) describes a fiberization device whose principle is still widely used: the molten material is led to a basket whose vertical wall contains orifices through which the material is sprayed onto the wall of a turning body, attached to the basket, and contains a great many orifices. This wall is called the “band” of the fiberization spinner.
- the orifices are distributed in annular rows and the diameters of the orifices vary according to the row to which they belong, with this diameter decreasing from the top of the band to the bottom.
- the “top” of the centrifuge is defined in reference to the centrifuge in centrifugation position, i.e. according to a substantially vertical axis (of rotation).
- the goal of the invention is to improve the device and the process of fiberization through internal centrifugation of mineral fibers. This improvement focuses in particular on the quality of the fibers obtained and on an increase in the yield of the process.
- the object of the invention is a device for internal centrifugation of mineral fibers consisting of a centrifuge equipped with a peripheral band perforated with orifices distributed over a plurality of annular zones arranged on top of each other (assuming that the centrifuge is in centrifugation position) which includes at least two annular zones where the number of orifices per unit of surface area (NS) differs by an amount greater than or equal to 5%, in particular greater than or equal to 10%, and even 20%.
- NS surface area
- the annular zone containing the greatest number of orifices per unit of surface area is located below another annular zone containing a lower average number of orifices per unit of surface area, assuming that the centrifuge is in fiberization position.
- annular zone is used to define a zone of the band of the centrifuge contained between two perpendicular planes of the axis (of rotation) of the centrifuge.
- annular zone is defined as a region where the number of orifices per unit or surface area is substantially constant over the entire part of the periphery of the band contained in the said annular zone.
- the number of orifices per unit of surface area, NS is defined as the number of orifices contained in an element of the surface of the annular zone, in particular on the order of a square centimeter, in relation to the surface area of this element of the surface.
- the number of orifices per unit of surface area is considered to be substantially constant if it varies by less than 0.5% over all of the elements of surface of a single annular zone.
- An annular zone may include a single orifice per vertical segment, but it usually contains several of them, in particular from 4 to 15.
- vertical segment refers to a part of the annular zone limited on the vertical axis by each of the planes defined above, as long as an average of only one orifice on a horizontal axis is observed there, assuming that the centrifuge is in fiberization position.
- mineral fibers are manufactured with a centrifuge where the number of orifices per unit of surface area is constant over the entire height of the centrifuge band.
- a conventional centrifuge is perforated through electrical discharge machining, with a comb composed of electrodes distributed in line where the pitch between electrodes is constant. After simultaneous perforation of orifices in a vertical column, the comb is moved to carry out the perforation of the next column, after moving the comb along the band by a distance corresponding to the horizontal gap between the center of consecutive holes.
- This technique permits very precise perforation and the variations in the number of orifices per unit of surface area are extremely low, specifically less than 1 per one thousand.
- a centrifuge generally contains between 2000 and 40,000 orifices, specifically for average diameters of the centrifuge of 200 mm to 800 mm, respectively.
- a centrifuge according to the invention contains at least two superimposed annular zones, the lower one having a greater number of orifices per unit of surface area than the one located above it.
- the centrifuge includes at least three superimposed annular zones and each of these zones includes a greater number of orifices per unit of surface area than the one in the closest annular zone located above the annular zone considered.
- the orifices of each zone are grouped in rows, with a diameter of orifice (d) substantially constant in each annular zone and decreasing from one annular zone to another, from the top to the bottom of the peripheral band of the centrifuge in centrifugation position.
- At least two adjacent rows have orifices of different diameters, and more specifically, that the rows have, from the top to the bottom of the peripheral band, decreasing diameters of orifices (generally all orifices of a single row have the same diameter).
- n row(s) of orifices of a given diameter then p row(s) or orifices of a smaller diameter, then t row(s) of orifices of a still smaller diameter, etc. with n, p and t ⁇ 1.
- ZA 1 first annular zone
- ZA 2 second annular zone
- ZA 3 third annular zone
- this “gradient” permits a development of primary filaments exiting the orifices and a drawing process that limits crossing of trajectories, and thus impact, between the fibers being drawn from different rows of orifices, hence the improved quality observed.
- This configuration is especially adapted to the production of less dense mineral wools.
- the rows spaced apart from each other by a distance between 1 and 2 mm, in particular from 1.2 to 1.8 mm, with preferably a pitch from one row to another of 1 to 2 mm, for example 1.2 to 1.6.
- the diameter (d) of at least a part of the orifices of the centrifuge is at least 1.5 or 1.2 mm, in particular from 1.1 to 0.5 mm, for example between 0.9 and 0.7 mm.
- the distance, D, between the centers of the neighboring orifices closest to a single annular zone is substantially constant over all of a single annular zone and this distance, D, varies from one zone to another by at least 3%, or even at least 5% and even 10% or more, and decreases from top to bottom, assuming that the centrifuge is in fiberization position.
- the distance, D is between 0.8 and 3 mm, for example between 1 and 2 mm and even between 1.4 and 1.8 mm.
- centrifuge according to the invention be chosen with an average diameter, DM, less than or equal to 800 mm, in particular at least 200 mm.
- the device according to the invention includes at least one mechanism of generating a high-temperature gaseous drawing jet in the form of an annular burner, in particular as described in the patents EP 0 189 354 and EP 0 519 797 by the applicant.
- the annular burner be a tangential burner which includes a mechanism of giving the gaseous drawing jet a tangential component in relation to the outer horizontal edge of the centrifuge, in particular as described in patent EP 0 189 354 by the applicant.
- the object of the invention is a process of formation of mineral fibers by internal centrifugation, combined with gaseous drawing at high temperature, in particular implementing the device above.
- the material to be fiberized is emptied into a centrifuge whose peripheral band is perforated with orifices distributed over a plurality of annular zones arranged on top of each other, assuming that the centrifuge is in the centrifugation position; it includes at least two annular zones, ZA 1 and ZA 2 , whose number of orifices per unit of surface area NS 1 , NS 2 , differs by a value greater than or equal to 5%, in particular greater than or equal to 10% and even 20%, and the annular zones containing the greatest number of orifices per unit of surface area is located below the other annular zone, assuming that the centrifuge is in fiberization position.
- centrifuge be the one whose characteristics are described above.
- the means be a gas blowing collar which is at ambient temperature at most, and at a feed gas pressure between 0.5 and 2.5.10 5 Pa, in particular 0.7 to 2.10 ⁇ 5 Pa.
- Another object of the invention is the use of mineral fibers obtained by the device and/or the process described above to manufacture thermal and/or insulation products.
- FIG. 1 a partial view of the centrifugation device according to the invention
- FIG. 2 a partial view of the centrifuge according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 thus represents a partial view of a system of internal centrifugation using hot gas drawing adapted based on those known from prior art and described, in particular, in patents EP-91 866, EP 189-354 and PE 519-797, which can be referred to for more details on the general aspects of this method of fiberization.
- the system includes a centrifuge 1 attached to a shaft 2 .
- the shaft and the centrifuge are animated by a movement of rapid rotation using an engine not pictured.
- the shaft 2 is hollow and the glass in the molten state flows from the feeding mechanism not represented in shaft 2 up to the “basket” 3 in which the molten glass spreads.
- the basket 3 is also carried along by rotation such that the molten glass is sprayed onto the peripheral wall 4 which is perforated with orifices and, from there, in the form of voluminous threads 6 on the peripheral wall 7 , usually named “band” of the centrifuge 1 , which will form on this wall a permanent reserve of molten glass to supply the circular orifices 14 perforated into said wall.
- This wall 7 is inclined by about 5 to 10° in relation to the vertical.
- the system also contains a blowing column 11 which creates a “cloud of gas” surrounding the annular gas current generated by the burner 9 .
- the pitch is constant over the entire height of the band. Under these conditions, the distance between the centers of neighboring orifices in the same row is also constant.
- the number of orifices per unit of surface area is constant over the entire surface of the band.
- such a device permits obtaining fibers of an average diameter of at least 2 ⁇ m, particularly about 3 to 12 ⁇ m.
- the invention consisted of optimizing the fiberization process by modifying the distribution of orifices on the band 7 of the centrifuge.
- FIG. 2 The most significant adaptation made in the context of the invention appears on FIG. 2 .
- the pitch between ZA 1 and ZA 2 is called P 1 / 2 .
- d 2 is less than d 1
- P 2 and D 2 are, respectively, less than P 1 and D 1
- NS 2 is very much greater than NS 1 .
- centrifuge according to the invention comparative testing was performed, with, on one hand, a standard centrifuge, and on the other hand, a centrifuge according to the invention.
- the characteristics of the two centrifuges which were selected to have the same average diameter, DM, and the same band surface area, and an identical height of perforated band, are presented in table 1.
- Each of these centrifuges includes three annular zones each consisting of several rows of orifices of constant diameter and spacing in a row.
- NO The number of orifices per row
- NS the number of orifices per unit of surface area
- the number of orifices per unit of surface area is constant for the standard centrifuge. In the case of the centrifuge according to the invention, it varies by annular zone and this number, NS, is lower than the one of the standard centrifuge for the highest annular zone, ZA 1 , and then higher than that of the standard centrifuge for the other annular zones, ZA 2 and ZA 3 . Note that for the centrifuge according to the invention, the number of orifices per unit of surface area increases with the zone, from the top to the bottom of the centrifuge, by about 25 to 30% from one zone to another.
- the two centrifuges were manufactured from the same alloy, known under the reference SG30, produced in particular by the company SEVA.
- the standard centrifuge was perforated using the electroerosion technique described above, while the orifices of the centrifuge according to the invention were perforated using electron bombardment. Laser perforation could also be considered.
- the products obtained are of the same type, that is, of the same nominal thickness, the same density.
- a single burner was used, in this case a tangential burner, with an incline of the gas jet of about 10°.
- the baskets used are of the same geometry.
- the energy necessary to obtain products of the same type is compared, that is, in particular, the quantity of air and of gas supplied for combustion.
- the thickness recovery is defined as the ratio (in %) between the thickness after compression test and the nominal thickness. It must be noted that the thickness of the product manufactured before compression testing is greater than the nominal thickness. In the case of the tests mentioned, the thickness of the product manufactured is 144 mm for a nominal thickness of 80 mm.
- the thickness of the fiber mat unloaded after 12 days of compression testing is about 90% of the original thickness (manufacturing thickness) of the fiber mat with the centrifuge according to the invention, and about 80% of the initial thickness with a standard centrifuge.
- panels of fiber mat are prepared after manufacture and loaded to obtain a compression rate of 8/1, i.e. in the case mentioned a compressed thickness of about 18 mm. After the compression time specified (12 days, 1 month), the panels are unloaded (4 per compression time) and the average thickness after compression test is determined.
- the tensile strength is determined based on a test specimen in the form of ring cut with a punch in a mat of fibrous product.
- the “tensile strength” is expressed as the limit of the tensile force (breaking force of the ring torn out by two circular and parallel mandrels 12.5 mm in radius, with a load speed of 300 mm/min) in relation to the mass of the test specimen and is expressed in gf/g.
- test specimen loaded at the start of the test, is a substantially elliptical toric ring of 122 ⁇ 76 mm long and short axes and 26 mm thickness of torr.
- the 15 test specimens are tested by product. This test refers to norms BIFT 5012-76 and ASTM C 681-76.
- the quality of the products does not vary significantly with the time of use in fiberization of a spinner, although it might have been feared that the increase in the number of holes per unit of surface area may lead to accelerated aging of the centrifuge accompanied by a rapid deterioration in the properties of the product during fiberization with the same spinner.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
- Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
- Insulating Bodies (AREA)
- Beans For Foods Or Fodder (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0102024A FR2820736B1 (fr) | 2001-02-14 | 2001-02-14 | Procede et dispositif de formation de laine minerale |
FR01020224 | 2001-02-14 | ||
PCT/FR2002/000541 WO2002064520A1 (fr) | 2001-02-14 | 2002-02-13 | Procede et dispositif de formation de laine minerale |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20040144706A1 US20040144706A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
US7314557B2 true US7314557B2 (en) | 2008-01-01 |
Family
ID=8860018
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/468,056 Expired - Fee Related US7458235B2 (en) | 2001-02-14 | 2002-02-13 | Process and device for formation of mineral wool and mineral wool products |
US10/467,175 Expired - Lifetime US7314557B2 (en) | 2001-02-14 | 2002-02-13 | Method and device for forming mineral wool |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/468,056 Expired - Fee Related US7458235B2 (en) | 2001-02-14 | 2002-02-13 | Process and device for formation of mineral wool and mineral wool products |
Country Status (23)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7458235B2 (uk) |
EP (2) | EP1360152B1 (uk) |
JP (2) | JP4455812B2 (uk) |
KR (2) | KR100848292B1 (uk) |
CN (2) | CN1246242C (uk) |
AR (2) | AR032690A1 (uk) |
AT (2) | ATE305908T1 (uk) |
AU (1) | AU2002238632B2 (uk) |
BR (2) | BR0206934B1 (uk) |
CA (2) | CA2436894C (uk) |
DE (2) | DE60212811D1 (uk) |
DK (1) | DK1360152T3 (uk) |
EA (2) | EA004610B1 (uk) |
ES (1) | ES2250618T3 (uk) |
FR (1) | FR2820736B1 (uk) |
HR (2) | HRP20030637B1 (uk) |
HU (2) | HU227416B1 (uk) |
NO (2) | NO340364B1 (uk) |
NZ (2) | NZ526763A (uk) |
PL (2) | PL200569B1 (uk) |
TW (2) | TWI225039B (uk) |
UA (2) | UA74051C2 (uk) |
WO (2) | WO2002070417A1 (uk) |
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FR3069463B1 (fr) * | 2017-07-31 | 2020-07-17 | Saint-Gobain Isover | Installation de fabrication de laine minerale et dispositif de projection d’une composition d’encollage equipant une telle installation |
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