Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C245/00—Compounds containing chains of at least two nitrogen atoms with at least one nitrogen-to-nitrogen multiple bond
  • C07C245/02—Azo compounds, i.e. compounds having the free valencies of —N=N— groups attached to different atoms, e.g. diazohydroxides
  • C07C245/06—Azo compounds, i.e. compounds having the free valencies of —N=N— groups attached to different atoms, e.g. diazohydroxides with nitrogen atoms of azo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C07C245/08—Azo compounds, i.e. compounds having the free valencies of —N=N— groups attached to different atoms, e.g. diazohydroxides with nitrogen atoms of azo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with the two nitrogen atoms of azo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings, e.g. azobenzene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B29/00—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling
  • C09B29/10—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling from coupling components containing hydroxy as the only directing group
  • C09B29/12—Monoazo dyes prepared by diazotising and coupling from coupling components containing hydroxy as the only directing group of the benzene series
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D249/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D249/18—Benzotriazoles
  • C07D249/20—Benzotriazoles with aryl radicals directly attached in position 2
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B41/00—Special methods of performing the coupling reaction
  • C09B41/006—Special methods of performing the coupling reaction characterised by process features
  • C09B41/009—Diazotising and coupling in one step

Definitions

• the instant invention pertains to a novel process for the preparation of 2-(2-nitrophenylazo) phenols.
• the 2-(2-nitrophenylazo) phenols are useful as intermediates in the preparation of hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole UV absorbers.
• U.S. Pat. No. 2,418,416 describes a process for manufacturing lakes of azo compounds.
• the process involves dissolving the diazotizable amine and coupling component in an acidic, aqueous solution.
• the amine is diazotized by addition of the nitrosating reagent to the acidic, aqueous solution.
• the pH of the solution is raised by addition of base to approximately 7.8.
• U.S. Pat. No. 2,478,767 also describes a process for manufacturing lakes of azo compounds.
• the diazotizable amine is dissolved in an acidic, aqueous solution and heated to 100° F.
• the coupling component and nitrosating reagent are dissolved in a basic, aqueous solution that is heated to 150° F.
• the two solutions are mixed together controlling the pH of the mixture in the range of 6–7.2.
• U.S. Pat. No. 2,478,768 also describes a process for manufacturing lakes of azo compounds.
• the process involves adding an acidic, aqueous solution containing a soluble salt of the laking agent to a basic, aqueous solution containing the diazotizable amine, coupling component and nitrosating reagent.
• the final pH of the reaction mass is 6–7.2.
• U.S. Pat. No. 3,793,305 describes a one-step process for the preparation of azo dyes by simultaneously contacting and reacting a diazotizable amine, an active methylene coupling component and a diazotizing agent in an acidic, aqueous solution.
• the invention requires that the reaction media must be able to dissolve a portion of both the diazotizable amine and the coupling component.
• the active methylene coupling components named are: ⁇ -diketones, ⁇ -keto esters, ⁇ -keto amides, ⁇ -keto nitriles, anilides of cyanoacetic acid, heterocyclic ⁇ -keto amides and ⁇ -imino amides.
• U.S. Pat. No. 4,035,350 describes a process for the preparation of azo dyes where the diazotizable amine and the coupling component are both in solution and the diazotizing agent is added.
• the invention requires that either the amine or coupling component contain an acid group.
• the invention also claims the use of polar aprotic solvents that are miscible with water.
• An object of the invention is to provide a facile and improved process for the preparation of hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole UV absorbers.
• Another object of the invention is to provide a novel one-pot process for the preparation of 2-(2-nitrophenylazo) phenols, referred to herein as monoazobenzene intermediates. These monoazobenzene intermediates are useful for the preparation of hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole UV absorbers.
• the present invention provides a facile and improved one-pot process for the preparation of 2-(2-nitrophenylazo) substituted phenols and corresponding benzotriazole UV absorbers.
• the present process has the further advantage in that no organic solvent is employed.
• the instant one-pot process is highly efficient and environmentally acceptable using no organic solvent (“Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice” by P. T. Anastas and J. C. Warner, Oxford press, 1998) in that: 1) the amount of corrosive, mineral acid required is low, decreasing waste handling issues and the formation of hazardous by-products; 2) it also offers safety advantages in that the diazonium salt is not isolated or processed in any way; 3) the intermediate diazonium salt is generated in situ and reacted immediately, keeping diazonium concentrations to a minimum thereby minimizing the risk of explosion, worker exposure or release to the environment; 4) for reagents containing fluorinated groups, the risk of generation and release of hazardous HF is eliminated; 5) the less stringent conditions produce fewer by-products resulting in higher yield and better product quality.
• This process utilizes a single vessel eliminating the risk of transferring hazardous materials from one vessel to another; thereby decreasing cycle time and resulting in better energy efficiency.
• the instant one-pot process allows for the efficient preparation of a new class of benzotriazole ultraviolet light absorbers (UVA's), that is benzotriazole UVA's substituted in the 5 position of the benzo ring with a —CF 3 group.
• UVA's ultraviolet light absorbers
• the present process may be applied to the preparation of 2-(2-nitrophenylazo) substituted phenol (monoazo) intermediates of previously known commercial benzotriazole UVA's, that is benzotriazole UVA's with weaker electron withdrawing groups in the benzo ring (such as chloro) or benzotriazole UVA's with no electron withdrawing groups in the benzo ring.
• the environmental and safety benefits of the instant process are also realized in the preparation of these currently commercially available benzotriazoles.
• G 1 is hydrogen or chloro
• G 2 is perfluoroalkyl (C n F 2n+1 ) where n is equal to 1–12, hydrogen, halogen, NO 2 , cyano, R 3 S—, R 3 SO—, R 3 SO 2 —, phenyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl, 9-phenanthryl or said phenyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl or 9-phenanthryl substituted by one to three alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, R 3 S—, R 3 SO—, R 3 SO 2 , aryl of 6 to 10 carbon atoms, perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, halogen, nitro, cyano, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl of 2 to 19 carbon atoms, hydroxyl, alkoxy of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, aryloxy of 6 to 10 carbon atoms, aralkoxy of 7 to
• R 1 is hydrogen, straight or branched chain alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 24 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, phenyl, or said phenyl or said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by one to three alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or R 1 is alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms substituted by one or two hydroxy groups,
• R 2 is straight or branched alkyl chain of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, phenyl, or said phenyl or said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by one to three alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or R 2 is said alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms or said alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms substituted by one or more —OH, —OCOE 11 , —OE 4 , —NCO, —NHCOE 11 or —NE 7 E 8 , or mixtures thereof, where E 4 is straight or branched chain alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms; alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms; or said alkyl or said alkenyl interrupted by one or more —O—, —NH
• R 3 is alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, aryl of 6 to 10 carbon atoms or said aryl substituted by one or two alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
• E 5 is OE 6 or NE 7 E 8 , or E 5 is —PO(OE 12 ) 2 , —OSi(E 11 ) 3 or —OCO-E 11 , or straight or branched chain C 1 –C 24 alkyl which can be interrupted by —O—, —S— or —NE 11 and which can be unsubstituted or substituted by —OH or —OCO-E 11 , C 5 –C 12 cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by —OH, straight chain or branched C 2 –C 18 alkenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by —OH, C 7 –C 15 aralkyl, —CH 2 —CHOH-E 13 or glycidyl,
• E 6 is hydrogen, straight or branched chain C 1 –C 24 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more OH, OE 4 or NH 2 groups, or —OE 6 is —(OCH 2 CH 2 ) w OH or —(OCH 2 CH 2 ) w OE 21 where w is 1 to 12 and E 21 is alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms,
• E 7 and E 8 are independently hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain C 3 –C 18 alkyl which is interrupted by —O—, —S— or —NE 11 -, C 5 –C 12 cycloalkyl, C 6 –C 14 aryl or C 1 –C 3 hydroxylalkyl, or E 7 and E 8 together with the N atom are a pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine or morpholine ring, or
• E 5 is —X-(Z) p -Y-E 15 wherein
• X is —O— or —N(E 16 )-
• Y is —O— or —N(E 17 )-
• Z is C 2 –C 12 -alkylene, C 4 –C 12 -alkylene interrupted by one to three nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms or a mixture thereof, or is C 3 –C 12 -alkylene, butenylene, butynylene, cyclohexylene or phenylene, each substituted by a hydroxyl group,
• n zero, 1 or 2
• p is 1, or p is also zero when X and Y are —N(E 16 )- and —N(E 17 )-, respectively,
• E 15 is a group —CO—C(E 18 ) ⁇ C(H)E 19 or, when Y is —N(E 17 )-, forms together with E 17 a group —CO—CH ⁇ CH—CO—, wherein E 18 is hydrogen or methyl, and E 19 is hydrogen, methyl or —CO—X-E 20 , wherein E 20 is hydrogen, C 1 –C 12 -alkyl, and E 16 and E 17 independently of one another are hydrogen, C 1 –C 12 -alkyl, C 3 –C 12 -alkyl interrupted by 1 to 3 oxygen atoms, or is cyclohexyl or C 7 –C 15 aralkyl, and E 16 together with E 17 in the case where Z is ethylene, also forms ethylene,
• E 11 is hydrogen, straight or branched chain C 1 –C 18 alkyl, C 5 –C 12 cycloalkyl, straight or branched chain C 2 –C 18 alkenyl, C 6 –C 14 aryl or C 7 –C 15 aralkyl,
• E 12 is straight or branched chain C 1 –C 18 alkyl, straight or branched chain C 3 –C 18 alkenyl, C 5 –C 10 cycloalkyl, C 6 –C 16 aryl or C 7 –C 15 aralkyl, and
• E 13 is H, straight chain or branched C 1 –C 18 alkyl which is substituted by —PO(OE 12 ) 2 , phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by OH, C 7 –C 15 aralkyl or —CH 2 OE 12 .
• Halogen is for example iodo, chloro, fluoro or bromo.
• alkyl radicals in the various substituents may be linear or branched.
• alkyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, 2-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, 2-pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, t-octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl and octadecyl.
• Alkenyl with 3 to 24 carbon atoms is a linear or branched radical as for example propenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, isobutenyl, n-2,4-pentadienyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, n-2-octenyl, n-2-dodecenyl, iso-dodecenyl, oleyl, n-2-octadecenyl oder n-4-octadecenyl.
• alkenyl with 3 bis 12, particularly preferred with 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
• C 3 –C 8 alkenyl can be, for example, 1-propenyl, allyl, methallyl, 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl, 2-octenyl, or 4-tert-butyl-2-butenyl.
• Alkinyl with 3 to 24 carbon atoms is a linear or branched radical as for example propinyl (—CH 2 —C ⁇ CH), 2-butinyl, 3-butinyl, n-2-octinyl, oder n-2-octadecinyl.
• Preferred is alkinyl with 3 to 12, particularly preferred with 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
• C 3 –C 8 alkynyl is most preferably propargyl.
• C 5 –C 12 cycloalkyl examples are cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl. Preferred are cycloheptyl and cyclohexyl.
• alkylene containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms examples include methylene, ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, butylene, 2-butylene, isobutylene, t-butylene, pentylene, 2-pentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, 2-ethylhexylene, t-octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene, tridecylene, tetradecylene, hexadecylene and octadecylene.
• C 2 –C 24 alkylene interrupted by at least one O atom is for example —CH 2 —CH 2 —O—CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —O—CH 2 — or —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —. It is preferably derived from polyethlene glycol.
• a general description is —((CH 2 ) a —O) b —/CH 2 —, wherein a is a number from 1 to 6 and b is a number from 2 to 10.
• Alkenylene with 3 to 18 carbon atoms is a linear or branched radical as for example propenylene, 2-butenylene, 3-butenylene, isobutenylene, n-2,4-pentadienylene, 3-methyl-2-butenylene, n-2-octenylene, n-2-dodecenylene, iso-dodecenylene, n-2-octadecenylene or n-4-octadecenylene.
• Alkinylene with 3 to 18 is a linear or branched radical as for example propinylene, 2-butinylene, 3-butinylene, n-2-octinylene, or n-2-octadecinylene.
• C 7 –C 9 phenylalkyl is benzyl, phenylethyl or phenylpropyl, especially benzyl.
• C 5 –C 7 cycloalkylene is typically, cyclopentylene, methylcyclopentylene, dimethylcyclopentylene, cyclohexylene, methylcyclohexylene or cyclopentylene.
• Aryl is for example phenyl or naphthyl.
• Phenylalkyl is for example benzyl.
• G 1 is hydrogen
• G 2 is —CF 3 , halogen or hydrogen
• R 1 is phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, phenyl, or said phenyl or said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by one to three alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
• R 2 is straight or branched alkyl chain of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, phenyl, or said phenyl or said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by one to three alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or R 2 is said alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms or said alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms substituted by one or more —OH, —OCOE 11 , —OE 4 , —NCO, —NH 2 , —NHCOE 11 , —NHE 4 or —N(E 4 ) 2 , or mixtures thereof, where E 4 is straight or branched chain alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms; or said alkyl or said alkenyl interrupted by one or more —O—,
• G 1 is hydrogen
• G 2 is —CF 3 , halogen or hydrogen
• R 1 is hydrogen or straight or branched alkyl of 4 to 24 carbon atoms and the other substituents are as defined above.
• G 1 is hydrogen
• G 2 is —CF 3 , chloro, fluoro or bromo
• R 1 is hydrogen, straight or branched alkyl of 4 to 24 carbon atoms or phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms
• R 2 is —(CH 2 ) m —CO-E 5 ,
• E 5 is —OE 6 or —NE 7 E 8 , or
• E 5 is —X-(Z) p -Y-E 15 wherein
• X is —O— or —N(E 16 )-
• Y is —O— or —N(E 17 )-
• Z is C 2 –C 12 -alkylene, C 4 –C 12 -alkylene interrupted by one to three nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms or a mixture thereof, or is C 3 –C 12 -alkylene, butenylene, butynylene, cyclohexylene or phenylene, each substituted by a hydroxyl group,
• n 0, 1, 2 or 3
• p is 1, or p is also zero when X and Y are —N(E 16 )- and —N(E 17 )-, respectively,
• G 1 is hydrogen
• G 2 is —CF 3 ,
• R 1 is phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, phenyl, or said phenyl or said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by one to three alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
• R 2 is straight or branched alkyl chain of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, phenyl, or said phenyl or said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by one to three alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or E 2 is said alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms or said alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms substituted by one or more —OH, —OCOE 11 , —NH 2 or —NHCOE 11 , or mixtures thereof, or said alkyl or said alkenyl Interrupted by one or more —O— and which can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more —OH.
• R 1 is hydrogen, straight or branched alkyl of 4 to 24 carbon atoms or phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms.
• G 1 is hydrogen
• G 2 is —CF 3 ,
• R 1 is hydrogen, straight or branched alkyl of 4 to 24 carbon atoms or phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms,
• R 2 is (CH 2 ) m —CO-E 5 ,
• E 5 is —OE 6 or —NE 7 E 8 where
• E 6 is hydrogen, straight or branched chain C 1 –C 24 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more OH groups, or —OE 6 is —(OCH 2 CH 2 ) w OH or —(OCH 2 CH 2 ) w OE 21 where w is 1 to 12 and E 21 is alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and
• E 7 and E 8 are independently hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain C 3 –C 18 alkyl which is interrupted by —O—, —S— or —NE 11 -, C 5 –C 12 cycloalkyl, C 8 –C 14 aryl or C 1 –C 3 hydroxylalkyl, or E 7 and E 8 together with the N atom are a pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine or morpholine ring.
• a nitrosating agent selected from concentrated sulfuric acid solution and sodium nitrite or nitrosylsulfuric acid and a surface active agent together to provide a reaction mixture and
• G 2 is CF 3 , hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine.
• nitrosating agent nitrosylsulfuric acid in sulfuric acid
• the nitrosating agent may be added as an aqueous or an acid solution.
• reaction mixture together to provide a reaction mixture and reacting the mixture for a sufficient time without isolation of intermediate products wherein no organic solvent is added to the reaction mixture.
• the present organic solvent-free process is advantageously employed with phenols that are liquid at room temperature or are low-melting.
• low-melting means a melting point below about 100° C.
• This solvent-free process also has the advantage that excess phenol is more easily recovered and recycled.
• a mixture of the phenol for example a low-melting phenol, the ortho-nitroaniline, a surface active agent, and water are heated to above the melting point of the phenol.
• the phenol is then dispersed in the reaction medium under agitation.
• the reaction mixture is then cooled and the reaction carried out as described above.
• the nitrosating agents are for example nitrosylsulfuric acid in an acid carrier or an aqueous alkali metal nitrite, such as sodium nitrite in an acidic environment.
• the nitrosating agent is for example a mixture of nitrosylsulfuric acid in sulfuric acid.
• Other appropriate acid carriers or acids include, without limitation, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, fluoroboric acid.
• the acid is present in the reaction system prior to the addition of the nitrosating agent or added simultaneously therewith. The simultaneous addition can be done by separate addition or as a mixture (acid carrier).
• An acid carrier or acid environment is preferably present when preparing 2-(2-nitrophenylazo) substituted phenols from reagents characterized as electron deficient amines.
• electron deficient amines are trifluoromethyl, halogen and nitro-substituted aromatic amines, most especially when substituted by such groups in the 4-position of the benzene ring.
• Organic soluble buffers or bases increase the reactivity of the phenol toward the coupling reaction and limit the de-alkylation of the phenolic compound.
• the nitrosating agent for the nittroaniline of formula (II) is nitrosylsulfuric acid or a alkali metal nitrite in a sulfuric acid.
• the alkali metal nitrite is sodium nitrite.
• molar ratio of nitroaniline to nitrosylsulfuric acid is 1:1 to 1:2, more specific 1:1 to 1:1.2 and most specific 1:1.
• molar ratio of nitroaniline to sodium nitrite is 1:1 to 1:4, more specific 1:1 to 1:2 and most specific 1:1.
• the molar ratio of nitroaniline to sulfuric acid is typically 1:1 to 1:10, for instance 1:2 to 1:7 and in particular 1:2 to 1:5.
• the concentration of the solution is under 90% since nitrosylsulfuric acid can decompose to form nitric oxide (NO x ) gases before it has time to react with the nitroaniline.
• a precharge of sulfuric acid may be used to limit the decomposition of nitrosulfuric acid and hence facilitate the diazotization reaction.
• the temperature used is typically from ⁇ 30° C. to 50° C., preferably from ⁇ 20° C. to 40° particular from 0° C. to 25° C.
• the molar ratio of nitroaniline to phenol is typically from 2:1 to 1:2, for example from 1.5:1 to 1:1.5 and in particular from 1:1 to 1:0.85.
• phenol of formula III is present in excess of the nitroaniline of formula II.
• the surface active agent to be used is any one or a mixture of materials selected from the group consisting of emulsifying agents, surfactants, phase transfer agents and dispersants.
• the surface active modifier is at least one nonionic and/or at least one anionic surfactant.
• Suitable anionic surfactants include, for example, alcohol sulfates (e.g.
• HOSTAPUR® SAS93 Hoechst
• the amount used is that needed to ensure adequate dispersion of the nitroaniline within the organic phase (phenol) of the reaction system.
• the phenol of formula III is liquid at room temperature or has a melting point below about 100° C.
• Typical is a process in which the phenol and the ortho-nitroaniline and water are combined and are agitated to form a dispersion prior to addition of the nitrosating agent or in which the phenol, the ortho-nitroaniline, a surface active agent and water are combined and are heated to above the melting point of the phenol and are then agitated to form a dispersion and are cooled to an appropriate reaction temperature prior to addition of the nitrosating agent.
• the present process may be multiphase, that is it may comprise an organic and an aqueous phase, wherein the organic phase essentially consists of the phenol. If the phenol is water soluble, the process may comprise a single homogeneous aqueous phase.
• a further aspect of the invention is a process comprising converting the resulting 2-(2-nitrophenylazo) substituted phenols of formula I to the corresponding hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole compounds.
• the monoazobenzene compounds prepared in the instant process can be conveniently reduced to the corresponding benzotriazolyl-1-oxide and then to the corresponding hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole (2H-benzotriazole) by any number of conventional reduction methods.
• An illustrative list of such methods is given below, but should not be construed as being the only methods possible for carrying out said reduction.
• EP 0380840 A1 describes the hydrogenation of a benzotriazolyl-1-oxide to the benzotriazole using palladium/carbon catalyst in toluene/water and in the presence of dimethylamine.
• EP 0380840 A1 also discloses the hydrogenation of a benzotriazolyl-1-oxide to the benzotriazole using Raney nickel catalyst in toluene/2-butanol and in the presence of 1,5-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undecane.
• EP 0380839 A1 discloses the hydrogenation of a nitromonoazobenzene to the benzotriazole using Raney nickel catalyst in toluene/isopropanol and in the presence of sodium hydroxide.
• EP 0380839 A1 also discloses the hydrogenation of a nitromonoazobenzene to the benzotriazole using palladium/carbon catalyst in toluene/water/isopropanol and in the presence of dimethylamine.
• Japanese Sho 37-5934 (1962) and U.S. Pat. No. 3,773,751 describe the reduction of a nitromonoazobenzene to the benzotriazole using zinc, sodium hydroxide in an alcohol.
• U.S. Pat. No. 2,362,988 discloses a variety of methods for the reduction of a nitromonoazobenzene to a benzotriazole. These include the use of:
• Japanese Sho 56-133076 (1981) describes the reduction of a nitromonoazobenzene to a benzotriazole using quinone plus a variety of coreactants. These include:
• Japanese Sho 61-215378 (1986) describes the reduction of a nitromonoazobenzene or a benzotriazolyl-1-oxide benzotriazole to a benzotriazole using an aldehyde and aromatic ketone in the presence of a base.
• Japanese Sho 63-72683 (1988) and U.S. Pat. No. 4,780,541 describe the reduction of a nitromonoazobenzene or a benzotriazolyl-1-oxide benzotriazole to a benzotriazole using a primary or secondary alcohol and an aromatic ketone in the presence of a base.
• Japanese Sho 63-186886 (1988) describes the electrolytic reduction of a nitromonoazobenzene or a benzotriazolyl-1-oxide benzotriazole to a benzotriazole using an alkali metal hydroxide in water or an aqueous alcohol solution.
• Japanese Sho 61-215379 (1986) and U.S. Pat. No. 4,789,541 describe the reduction of a benzotriazolyl-1-oxide benzotriazole to a benzotriazole using an aldehyde and an aromatic ketone in the presence of a base.
• U.S. Pat. No. 5,571,924 describes the reduction of a nitromonoazobenzene or a benzotriazolyl-1-oxide benzotriazole to a benzotriazole using hydrazine and a precious metal catalyst.
• U.S. Pat. No. 3,978,074 discloses the reduction of a nitromonoazobenzene to a benzotriazole using a hydrogen and a noble metal catalyst in the presence of an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution.
• U.S. Pat. No. 4,219,480 discloses the reduction of a nitromonoazobenzene to a benzotriazole using a hydrogen and a Raney nickel catalyst in the presence of an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution or in the presence of an aliphatic amine.
• U.S. Pat. No. 4,230,867 discloses the reduction of a nitromonoazobenzene to a benzotriazole using a hydrogen and a noble metal catalyst in the presence of an aliphatic amine.
• reaction mixture is allowed to warm slowly to 18° C. over a period of 1 hour.
• the resultant reaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature to complete the reaction.
• the organic phase is separated and it is dissolved in diethylether (200 mL).
• the ether solution is washed with water (3 ⁇ 100 mL) and the organic phase dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.
• the solvent is removed in vacuo and the crude product recrystallized from methanol (200 mL) at low temperature to give 20.86 g (46%) of a semicrystalline mass.
• Example 2 The procedure of Example 2 is followed: To a rapidly stirred suspension of 4-trifluoromethyl-2-nitroaniline (22.67 g, 0.11 mol), 2,4-di-tert-pentylphenol (46.88 g, 0.20 mol), concentrated sulphuric acid (7.06 g, 0.072 mol), and Hostapur® SAS 93 (1.42 g) in water (100 mL) at 7–10° C. is added dropwise over one hour nitrosylsulfuric acid (34.93 g of a 40% solution in sulfuric acid, 0.11 mol).
• nitrosylsulfuric acid 13.97 g, 0.11 mol, 34.93 grams of a 40% solution of nirosylsulfuric acid in sulfuric acid.
• To the completed reaction mixture is added toluene (100 mL), diethylether (250 mL), and water (100 mL).
• the organic phase is extracted sequentially with water (2 ⁇ 100 mL) and 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate (50 mL).
• the organic phase Is dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and the solvent is removed in vacuo to give 24.59 grams of crude product.
• An analytical sample is prepared by recrystallization from methanol (100 mL) to give 5.01 grams of a purple-brown solid.
• Example 2 The procedure of Example 2 is followed using 2-nitroaniline and para-dodecylphenol to prepare the above compound.

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• 2002
  • 2002-11-26 US US10/497,621 patent/US7074906B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2002-11-26 CN CNB028242904A patent/CN100341859C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2002-11-26 WO PCT/EP2002/013292 patent/WO2003048257A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2002-11-26 BR BR0214673-8A patent/BR0214673A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2002-11-26 MX MXPA04005410A patent/MXPA04005410A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2002-11-26 KR KR1020047008604A patent/KR20050044696A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2002-11-26 JP JP2003549440A patent/JP2005511705A/ja active Pending
  • 2002-11-26 EP EP02804196A patent/EP1451254A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2002-11-26 CA CA002465398A patent/CA2465398A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2002-11-26 AU AU2002356731A patent/AU2002356731A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2002-11-26 RU RU2004120783/04A patent/RU2004120783A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2004
  • 2004-05-05 ZA ZA200403389A patent/ZA200403389B/en unknown

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