US6863089B2 - Hose for introduction and distribution of inflators gas - Google Patents

Hose for introduction and distribution of inflators gas Download PDF

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Publication number
US6863089B2
US6863089B2 US10/270,009 US27000902A US6863089B2 US 6863089 B2 US6863089 B2 US 6863089B2 US 27000902 A US27000902 A US 27000902A US 6863089 B2 US6863089 B2 US 6863089B2
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
hose
distribution
introduction
air bag
inflator gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US10/270,009
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English (en)
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US20030089412A1 (en
Inventor
Mamoru Kitamura
Tamotsu Fujii
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyobo Co Ltd
Autoliv Development AB
Original Assignee
Toyobo Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2001325256A external-priority patent/JP3855727B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP2001331319A external-priority patent/JP3800507B2/ja
Application filed by Toyobo Co Ltd filed Critical Toyobo Co Ltd
Assigned to TOYO BOSEKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA reassignment TOYO BOSEKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FUJII, TAMOTSU, KITAMURA, MAMORU
Publication of US20030089412A1 publication Critical patent/US20030089412A1/en
Priority to US11/072,489 priority Critical patent/US7032622B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US6863089B2 publication Critical patent/US6863089B2/en
Assigned to AUTOLIV DEVELOPMENT AB reassignment AUTOLIV DEVELOPMENT AB ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TOYO BOSEKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA (50%)
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
    • B60R21/261—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow with means other than bag structure to diffuse or guide inflation fluid
    • B60R2021/2612—Gas guiding means, e.g. ducts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
    • B60R21/261—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow with means other than bag structure to diffuse or guide inflation fluid
    • B60R2021/2612—Gas guiding means, e.g. ducts
    • B60R2021/2617—Curtain bag nozzles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hose for introduction and distribution of inflator gas used for an air bag apparatus against the side collision which protects the persons in the car upon crash from the side of the car. More particularly, it relates to a hose for introduction and distribution of inflator gas which is optimum for controlling the inflator gas flow where the hose has a distribution hole and is coated at least at one side.
  • the air bag apparatus is composed of an inflator which is a device for generation of gas and, an air bag which expands by the inflator gas and an air bag case receiving them.
  • the present invention has been created in view of the above-mentioned current state in the prior art as such and its object is to provide a hose for introduction and distribution of inflator gas being able to be used for an air bag apparatus for side collision where the receiving property of the air bag for side collision is improved, the receiving space is reduced, breakage near the inlet of inflator is prevented and the cost is advantageous.
  • the present invention is a hose for introduction and distribution of inflator gas which is characterized in that the hose is placed in an air bag apparatus for side collision and distributes the inflator gas upon operation of the airbag, that outside surface and/or inside surface of the hose are/is coated with rubber or synthetic resin and that the hose has a distribution hole.
  • FIG. 1 shows the introduction and distribution of inflator gas the hose according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a hose for introducing and distributing inflator gas
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows three specific examples of the distribution holes.
  • the fiber constituting the hose of the present invention and the air bag which is connected to the hose there may be used polyamide fiber, polyester fiber, etc. although the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • Strength of the yarn is not less than 6 g/dtex, preferably not less than 7 g/dtex or, more preferably, not less than 7.5 g/dtex.
  • the hose of the present invention can be prepared using a cylindrical weaving machine used for weaving a fire hose and the like.
  • a cylindrical weaving machine used for weaving a fire hose and the like.
  • the hose of the present invention is coated with rubber or with synthetic resin.
  • the rubber to be coated are neoprene rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber and silicone rubber.
  • the silicone rubber are thermosetting addition polymerization silicone rubber and RTV silicone rubber of a two-liquid type although they are non-limitative.
  • the silicone rubber may use silane coupling agent of an amino type, epoxy-modified silane coupling agent, silane coupling agent of a vinyl type, silicone coupling agent of a chlorine type, etc. for improving the adhesive property. As a result of improving the adhesive property, it is possible to increase the slip-off resistance.
  • the synthetic resin there may be used polyester, polyamide, elastomer of a polyester type, elastomer of a polyamide type, elastomer of a polyurethane type, etc. although they are non-limitative.
  • the hose of the present invention may have a distribution hole in any shape or any size and it is preferred that the distribution hole is substantially square or rectangular where each side is located substantially parallel to or in a right angle to warp or woof constituting the hose.
  • Distribution hole in a circular shape is inferior to that in a square or rectangular shape in terms of the preference. That is because, when the shape of the distribution hole is circular, easily unraveled parts are formed at the area where ends of the warp and woof are crossed, resistance to gas flow at the area upon development of the air bag become big and the possibility of unusual breakage becomes high.
  • FIG. 2 shows hoses with square distribution holes, rectangular distribution holes, and with circular distribution holes.
  • Side lengths or diameter of the distribution hole is preferably 5 ⁇ 40 mm or, more preferably, 10 ⁇ 30 mm.
  • flow rate of the inflator gas becomes high and local heating is generated whereby breakage is resulted from such a part and that is not preferred.
  • it is less than 5 mm many distribution holes are to be formed whereby the processing cost is needed and that is not preferred. Although it is not necessary to particularly process the surrounding of the distribution hole, such a part may be fused by heat or may be sewed.
  • the slip-off resistance of the warp and the woof of the hose of the present invention is not less than 10 N, more preferably not less than 15 N and, particularly preferably, not less than 20 N.
  • the slip-off resistance is less than 10 N, unusual deformation of the hose occurs near the distribution hole due to the inflator gas or the distribution hole becomes large by such a deformation whereby the distributing ratio is unable to be controlled and that is not preferred.
  • the air bag for side collision may burst during the initial stage of its development and that is not preferred.
  • Slip-off resistance is able to be adjusted by the control of amount of the coat, amount of the additive or fineness of warp and/or woof constituting the hose.
  • Diameter of the hose is preferably 20 ⁇ 60 mm or, preferably, 30 ⁇ 50 mm.
  • the hose diameter is less than 20 mm, breakage is apt to occur while, when it is more than 60 mm, the hose is hardly received in the air bag for side collision and that is not preferred.
  • Crimp of the woof constituting the hose is preferably smaller than that of the warp.
  • the woof is apt to be affected by tension and, in order to make the influence of heat as little as possible, the part which comes out of the surface is to be made small. Accordingly, it is better that there is no crimp in the woof and the state of being covered by the warp is better.
  • Fineness of the yarn constituting the main body of the air bag for side collision is preferably 200 ⁇ 600 dtex or, more preferably, 300 ⁇ 500 dtex. When the fineness is more than 600 dtex, its receiving property becomes a problem. When it is less than 200 dtex, strength of the substrate cloth is insufficient resulting in a high possibility of burst even if distribution of the inflator gas is controlled and that is not preferred.
  • Fineness of single yarn of the multifilament constituting the main body of the air bag for side collision is preferably 2 ⁇ 10 dtex or, more preferably, 3 ⁇ 6 dtex. When the single yarn fineness is more than 10 dtex, rigidity of the substrate cloth becomes high and receiving property lowers. When it is less than 2 dtex, snapping of the single yarn or the like happens upon weaving whereby many disadvantages of the substrate cloth are resulted and that is not preferred.
  • Fineness of one multifilament of warp constituting the hose is preferably not less than two-fold or, more preferably, not less than three-fold, of fineness of one multifilament constituting the main body of the air bag for side collision.
  • the hose is apt to cause poor distribution by cutting-off of the warp in the distribution of the inflator gas and that is not preferred.
  • Fineness of one multifilament of woof constituting the hose is to be not less than three-fold or, more preferably, not less than five-fold, of fineness of one multifilament constituting the main body of the air bag for side collision.
  • the fineness of one multifilament of woof constituting the hose is less than three-fold, the hose is apt to cause poor distribution by cutting-off of the woof and that is not preferred.
  • Slip-off resistance Conducted according to “Method A; method for pulling out the yarn; resistance to sliding-off” of JIS L1096.
  • Distribution test Into a test connecting tube where one side was closed by sewing was introduced nitrogen gas compressed to an initial pressure of 800 kPa to an extent of volume of 5 liters from another inlet which was not sewed and then the state of the distribution hole was observed.
  • the test connecting tube was made in 2 m and five distribution holes having predetermined shape and size were set up every 30 cm from the inlet.
  • Shape of the observed distribution hole was evaluated according to the five stages of A to D.
  • a tube was woven on cylindrical weaving machine using a polyamide 66 fiber having strength of 8.0 g/dtex, then a coating agent was uniformly applied thereon and setting was carried out at 140° C. for 5 minutes to prepare a hose for introduction and distribution of inflator gas.
  • Results of the Examples and the Comparative Example of the hose for distribution of inflator gas manufactured as such are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 1 From Example 1 and Example 3, it is noted that, when fineness of warp and woof is made large (Example 1), slip-off resistance becomes high and distribution hole is hardly deformed.
  • coating amount is proportional to slip-off resistance and that, when coating amount is high (Example 7), slip-off resistance is high and distribution hole is hardly deformed.
  • Example 7 From the result of Example 7 and Example 9, it is noted that, when an epoxy-modified silane coupling agent is added as an auxiliary adhesive, slip-off resistance is improved (Example 7) and distribution hole is hardly deformed.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
US10/270,009 2001-10-23 2002-10-15 Hose for introduction and distribution of inflators gas Expired - Lifetime US6863089B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/072,489 US7032622B2 (en) 2001-10-23 2005-03-07 Hose for introduction and distribution of inflator gas

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2001325256A JP3855727B2 (ja) 2001-10-23 2001-10-23 インフレ−ターガス導入分配ホース
JP2001-325256 2001-10-23
JP2001331319A JP3800507B2 (ja) 2001-10-29 2001-10-29 インフレ−ターガス導入分配ホース
JP2001-331319 2001-10-29

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/072,489 Continuation US7032622B2 (en) 2001-10-23 2005-03-07 Hose for introduction and distribution of inflator gas

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20030089412A1 US20030089412A1 (en) 2003-05-15
US6863089B2 true US6863089B2 (en) 2005-03-08

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US10/270,009 Expired - Lifetime US6863089B2 (en) 2001-10-23 2002-10-15 Hose for introduction and distribution of inflators gas
US11/072,489 Expired - Fee Related US7032622B2 (en) 2001-10-23 2005-03-07 Hose for introduction and distribution of inflator gas

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US11/072,489 Expired - Fee Related US7032622B2 (en) 2001-10-23 2005-03-07 Hose for introduction and distribution of inflator gas

Country Status (3)

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US (2) US6863089B2 (de)
EP (2) EP1541431B1 (de)
DE (2) DE60205194T2 (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040147186A1 (en) * 2002-12-26 2004-07-29 Tatsuo Konishi Hose for introduction and distribution of inflator gas
US20050236815A1 (en) * 2002-03-25 2005-10-27 Altay Kismir Method of assembling an airbag, and an airbag
US20050253367A1 (en) * 2004-05-13 2005-11-17 Trw Automotive Gmbh Gas bag for a vehicle occupant restraint system
US20060011495A1 (en) * 2004-06-28 2006-01-19 Brian Hood Pyrotechnic safety device and method of use
US20060208467A1 (en) * 2005-03-18 2006-09-21 Takata Restraint Systems, Inc. Head impact energy-absorbing inflatable curtain gas delivery tube
US20060255570A1 (en) * 2005-05-10 2006-11-16 Key Safety Systems, Inc. Curtain air bag assembly
US20110042927A1 (en) * 2008-03-07 2011-02-24 Ashimori Industry Co., Ltd. Airbag device
US20140183278A1 (en) * 2013-01-03 2014-07-03 Clive Sofus Michelsen Perforated fluid dispensing hose or tube for the purpose of applying liquids and/or gases to railroad tracks including railroad switches, railroad crossings, bridge overheads and tunnel walls

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2393692A (en) * 2002-10-01 2004-04-07 Autoliv Dev Air bag with reinforced apertures in gas duct
DE10312871A1 (de) * 2003-03-22 2004-10-14 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Isolieranordnung für Rohre, insbesondere für Rohre eines Pneumatiksystems in einem Verkehrsflugzeug
WO2006014977A2 (en) * 2004-07-26 2006-02-09 Nxgen Technologies, Llc Inflatable airbag
US8240708B2 (en) * 2005-07-26 2012-08-14 Nxgen Technologies, Llc Side curtain airbag with fabric diffuser
US20110057425A1 (en) * 2005-07-26 2011-03-10 Fink Michael F Side curtain airbag
US8366144B2 (en) * 2005-07-26 2013-02-05 Nxgen Technologies, Llc Side curtain airbag with fabric diffuser
US7971899B2 (en) * 2005-07-26 2011-07-05 Nxgen Technologies, Inc. Side curtain airbag
US20070102912A1 (en) * 2005-11-08 2007-05-10 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Vehicle occupant protection apparatus having a plastic fill tube
DE102007009260B3 (de) * 2007-02-22 2008-09-11 Autoliv Development Ab Airbag mit einer Verteilereinrichtung, Verteilereinrichtung sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Airbags
CN103842215B (zh) 2011-05-02 2017-05-17 NxGen技术有限责任公司 侧帘式安全气囊以及用于制造侧帘式安全气囊的方法和设备
US9594070B2 (en) 2013-11-05 2017-03-14 Spectrum Tracer Services, Llc Method using halogenated benzoic acid esters and aldehydes for hydraulic fracturing and for tracing petroleum production
US10017684B2 (en) 2016-04-20 2018-07-10 Spectrum Tracer Services, Llc Method and compositions for hydraulic fracturing and for tracing formation water

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US3911961A (en) * 1970-09-25 1975-10-14 Federal Mogul Corp High temperature duct insulator and method of making same
US4095750A (en) * 1975-10-14 1978-06-20 Gideon Gilead Water conduit
US4495134A (en) * 1981-11-17 1985-01-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Medos Kenkyusho Method for manufacturing a flexible tube for an endoscope
US4523874A (en) * 1982-09-23 1985-06-18 Takiron Co., Ltd. Plastic underdrainage tube
US4577997A (en) * 1982-07-05 1986-03-25 Eino Lehto Irrigation pipe
US5263791A (en) * 1989-09-18 1993-11-23 David Zeman Irrigation tubing with improved discharge holes
US5316336A (en) * 1991-07-18 1994-05-31 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Air bag apparatus
JPH10100840A (ja) 1996-09-30 1998-04-21 Toyo Tire & Rubber Co Ltd 側部用エアバッグ装置
US5897929A (en) * 1997-12-01 1999-04-27 Milliken & Company Polyamide coated airbag fabric
US5967550A (en) * 1997-10-07 1999-10-19 Trw Inc. Staged pyrotechnic air bag inflator
US6056211A (en) * 1999-06-08 2000-05-02 Atlantic Construction Fabrics, Inc. Hydrant flushing diffuser
US6073961A (en) * 1998-02-20 2000-06-13 Breed Automotive Technology, Inc. Inflatable side airbag curtain module
US6164688A (en) 1998-03-24 2000-12-26 Takata (Europe) Vehicle Safety Technology Gmbh Airbag apparatus for motor vehicles
JP2001171467A (ja) 1999-12-13 2001-06-26 Toyota Motor Corp 頭部保護エアバッグ装置
US6260878B1 (en) * 1998-05-12 2001-07-17 Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd Air bag for side air bag device
GB2361217A (en) 2000-04-14 2001-10-17 Autoliv Dev Gas duct having an inclined aperture
JP2002029359A (ja) 2000-07-17 2002-01-29 Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd 頭部保護エアバッグ装置のエアバッグ
JP2002067862A (ja) 2000-08-28 2002-03-08 Toyota Motor Corp 頭部保護エアバッグ装置
US20040046065A1 (en) * 2002-09-04 2004-03-11 Jeong In Yul Watering hose having vibrating lids for spray holes

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DE19859539A1 (de) * 1998-12-22 2000-06-29 Trw Repa Gmbh Gassack-Modul und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gassack-Moduls
DE19945779B4 (de) * 1999-09-24 2004-07-01 Audi Ag Airbagvorrichtung

Patent Citations (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3911961A (en) * 1970-09-25 1975-10-14 Federal Mogul Corp High temperature duct insulator and method of making same
US3777987A (en) * 1972-08-04 1973-12-11 Allport Davies Irrigation device
US4095750A (en) * 1975-10-14 1978-06-20 Gideon Gilead Water conduit
US4495134A (en) * 1981-11-17 1985-01-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Medos Kenkyusho Method for manufacturing a flexible tube for an endoscope
US4577997A (en) * 1982-07-05 1986-03-25 Eino Lehto Irrigation pipe
US4523874A (en) * 1982-09-23 1985-06-18 Takiron Co., Ltd. Plastic underdrainage tube
US5263791A (en) * 1989-09-18 1993-11-23 David Zeman Irrigation tubing with improved discharge holes
US5316336A (en) * 1991-07-18 1994-05-31 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Air bag apparatus
JPH10100840A (ja) 1996-09-30 1998-04-21 Toyo Tire & Rubber Co Ltd 側部用エアバッグ装置
US5967550A (en) * 1997-10-07 1999-10-19 Trw Inc. Staged pyrotechnic air bag inflator
US5897929A (en) * 1997-12-01 1999-04-27 Milliken & Company Polyamide coated airbag fabric
US6073961A (en) * 1998-02-20 2000-06-13 Breed Automotive Technology, Inc. Inflatable side airbag curtain module
US6164688A (en) 1998-03-24 2000-12-26 Takata (Europe) Vehicle Safety Technology Gmbh Airbag apparatus for motor vehicles
US6260878B1 (en) * 1998-05-12 2001-07-17 Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd Air bag for side air bag device
US6056211A (en) * 1999-06-08 2000-05-02 Atlantic Construction Fabrics, Inc. Hydrant flushing diffuser
JP2001171467A (ja) 1999-12-13 2001-06-26 Toyota Motor Corp 頭部保護エアバッグ装置
GB2361217A (en) 2000-04-14 2001-10-17 Autoliv Dev Gas duct having an inclined aperture
JP2002029359A (ja) 2000-07-17 2002-01-29 Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd 頭部保護エアバッグ装置のエアバッグ
JP2002067862A (ja) 2000-08-28 2002-03-08 Toyota Motor Corp 頭部保護エアバッグ装置
US20040046065A1 (en) * 2002-09-04 2004-03-11 Jeong In Yul Watering hose having vibrating lids for spray holes

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050236815A1 (en) * 2002-03-25 2005-10-27 Altay Kismir Method of assembling an airbag, and an airbag
US20040147186A1 (en) * 2002-12-26 2004-07-29 Tatsuo Konishi Hose for introduction and distribution of inflator gas
US7557052B2 (en) * 2002-12-26 2009-07-07 Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha Hose for introduction and distribution of inflator gas
US20050253367A1 (en) * 2004-05-13 2005-11-17 Trw Automotive Gmbh Gas bag for a vehicle occupant restraint system
US20060011495A1 (en) * 2004-06-28 2006-01-19 Brian Hood Pyrotechnic safety device and method of use
US20060208467A1 (en) * 2005-03-18 2006-09-21 Takata Restraint Systems, Inc. Head impact energy-absorbing inflatable curtain gas delivery tube
US20060255570A1 (en) * 2005-05-10 2006-11-16 Key Safety Systems, Inc. Curtain air bag assembly
US7789418B2 (en) * 2005-05-10 2010-09-07 Key Safety Systems, Inc. Curtain air bag assembly
US20110042927A1 (en) * 2008-03-07 2011-02-24 Ashimori Industry Co., Ltd. Airbag device
US8448984B2 (en) * 2008-03-07 2013-05-28 Ashimore Industry Co., Ltd. Airbag device
US20140183278A1 (en) * 2013-01-03 2014-07-03 Clive Sofus Michelsen Perforated fluid dispensing hose or tube for the purpose of applying liquids and/or gases to railroad tracks including railroad switches, railroad crossings, bridge overheads and tunnel walls

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1306273A1 (de) 2003-05-02
DE60205194D1 (de) 2005-09-01
EP1306273B1 (de) 2005-07-27
EP1541431B1 (de) 2007-08-29
US20050146118A1 (en) 2005-07-07
DE60222184D1 (de) 2007-10-11
EP1541431A1 (de) 2005-06-15
US7032622B2 (en) 2006-04-25
DE60222184T2 (de) 2008-06-19
US20030089412A1 (en) 2003-05-15
DE60205194T2 (de) 2006-05-24

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