Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
  • C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K7/50—Cyclic peptides containing at least one abnormal peptide link
  • C07K7/54—Cyclic peptides containing at least one abnormal peptide link with at least one abnormal peptide link in the ring
  • C07K7/56—Cyclic peptides containing at least one abnormal peptide link with at least one abnormal peptide link in the ring the cyclisation not occurring through 2,4-diamino-butanoic acid
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

• the invention relates to derivatives of antibiotics of the lipopeptide complex A 1437, to a process for their preparation and to their use as pharmaceuticals.
• European Patent Application No. 0 629 636 proposes lipopeptides which have very homologous amino acid sequences but different fatty acid residues (lipid portion) and which are synthesized by Actinoplanes sp. during the fermentation and released into the culture medium, as well as a process for isolating the lipopeptides from the culture medium, their purification and the use of the lipopeptides as pharmacological active substances, in particular against Gram-positive bacteria.
• the object of this invention is now to look for derivatives of the lipopeptide complex A 1437 with a lower toxicity than the natural A 1437 lipopeptides.
• the invention therefore relates to:
• R 2 is a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic C 8 -C 22 -acyl radical which may be interrupted by phenyl or cycloalkyl groups or by oxygen,
• R 3 is an amino protective group known from peptide chemistry, preferably the tert-butoxycarbonyl (BOC), the benzyloxycarbonyl (Z, Cbz), the fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) or the allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc) pro-tective group, with a carboxylic acid of the formula III
• R 2 has the abovementioned meanings or with a derivative of this carboxylic acid which is activated on the carbonyl group.
• a pharmaceutical containing a lipopeptide derivative according to formula I and pharmaceutical vehicles 3.
• carboxylic acids of the formula III are themselves employed as acylating agents it is expedient for a condensing agent, for example a carbodiimide such as N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, to be present.
• a condensing agent for example a carbodiimide such as N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
• the carboxylic acids of the formula II can be activated by the methods customary in peptide chemistry, as described, for example, in "Chemie in shu Zeit" 27, 274-286 (1993).
• suitable activated derivatives are acid halides, for example acid chlorides, anhydrides or mixed anhydrides, for example with formic acid esters, azides, activated esters such as p-nitrophenyl, pentafluorophenyl, 4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl esters or esters with N-hydroxysuccinimide or 1-hydroxybenzotriazole which are obtained with carbodiimides as coupling reagents, or thioesters, for example with 2-mercaptobenzotriazole.
• activated esters such as p-nitrophenyl, pentafluorophenyl, 4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl esters or esters with N-hydroxysuccinimide or 1-hydroxybenzotriazole which are obtained with carbodiimides as coupling reagents, or thioesters, for example with 2-mercaptobenzotriazole.
• Suitable coupling reagents are N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole or those based on phosphonium or uronium salts such as, for example, BOP, HBTU, PyBOP, TBTU or TOTU (O-[cyano(ethoxycarbonyl)methylideneamino-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl]uronium tetrafluoroborate).
• the reaction of the compounds of the formula II with a carboxylic acid of the formula III or activated derivatives thereof generally takes place in the presence of an inert solvent such as, for example, dichloromethane or dimethylformamide, preferably in the presence of a tertiary base such as, for example, pyridine or ethyldiisopropylamine.
• an inert solvent such as, for example, dichloromethane or dimethylformamide
• a tertiary base such as, for example, pyridine or ethyldiisopropylamine.
• bases such as pyridine or sodium carbonate
• the elimination of the protective groups R 3 to form the compounds I takes place by processes known from the literature, for example the BOC group is eliminated with trifluoroacetic acid, the Z radical is eliminated with HBr/glacial acetic acid or by catalytic hydrogenation, the Alloc group is eliminated with nucleophile plus Pd catalyst or the Fmoc group is eliminated with secondary amines, for example piperidine.
• R 2 is a saturated aliphatic acyl radical CH 3 (CH 2 ) n CO, a branched saturated aliphatic acyl radical, preferably (CH 3 ) 2 CH(CH 2 ) n CO or CH 3 CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) (CH 2 ) n CO, an unsaturated aliphatic acyl radical which may contain one or more double bonds, it being possible for one double bond to be in the trans or cis form, preferably H 2 C ⁇ CH (CH 2 ) n CO, (CH 3 ) 2 CH (CH 2 ) n CH ⁇ CH (CH 2 ) n CO, CH 3 (CH 2 CH ⁇ CH) n (CH 2 ) n CO, CH 3 (CH 2 ) n CH ⁇ CH(CH 2 ) n CH ⁇ CH(CH 2 ) n CO, CH 3 (CH 2 ) n CH--CH--CO, CH 3 (CH 2 ) n CH ⁇ CH(CH 2 ) ) n CH ⁇ CH(CH 2
• Particularly preferred compounds are those which have a straight-chain or branched C 12 -C 15 -acyl radical such as, for example, tetradecanoyl, tridecanoyl, 12-methyltridecanoyl, an unsaturated C 12 -C 18 -acyl radical with one or more double or triple bonds, such as, for example, cis-10-pentadecenoyl, trans-9-hexadecenoyl or H(CH 2 --C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CHCH 2 ) 3 CO or an aliphatic acyl radical which is interrupted by 1-3 phenyl radicals and/or additionally by oxygen, such as, for example, ##STR7## in which n are integers between 0 and 8.
• a straight-chain or branched C 12 -C 15 -acyl radical such as, for example, tetradecanoyl, tridecanoyl, 12-methyltridecanoyl, an unsaturated C 12 -C 18 -acy
• Very particularly preferred compounds are those which contain an aliphatic acyl radical which is interrupted by 3 phenyl groups, such as, for example, ##STR8## in which n are integers between 0 and 2.
• the invention furthermore embraces a process for preparing compounds of the formula I which comprises reacting a compound of the formula II ##STR9## in which R 1 has the abovementioned meaning, and
• R 3 is an amino protective group known from peptide chemistry such as, for example, the tert-butoxycarbonyl (BOC), the benzyloxycarbonyl (Z, Cbz), the fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) or the allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc) protective group, with a carboxylic acid of the formula III
• R 2 has the abovementioned meanings.
• Particularly useful pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the formula I are salts with inorganic and organic acids, for example hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, with inorganic and organic bases such as NaOH, KOH, Mg(OH) 2 , diethanolamine, ethylenediamine or with amino acids such as arginine, lysine, glutamic acid etc. They are prepared by standard methods.
• inorganic and organic acids for example hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid
• inorganic and organic bases such as NaOH, KOH, Mg(OH) 2 , diethanolamine, ethylenediamine or with amino acids such as arginine, lysine, glutamic acid etc.
• One or more compounds of the lipopeptides according to the invention or their salts are suitable, by reason of their valuable pharmacological property, for use as pharmaceuticals.
• the substances according to the invention have pharmacological activity, in particular as antibiotic for Gram-positive bacteria, particularly preferably for MRSA and glycopeptide-resistant strains.
• MRSA strains penicillin- or methicillin-resistant strains
• glycopeptides such as vancomycin or teicoplanin.
• strains also resistant to these antibiotics are increasingly appearing (FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 98 (1992) 109 to 116).
• One or more compounds of the lipopeptides according to the invention have an excellent effect on these problem organisms too.
• the invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions of one or more compounds of the lipopeptides according to the invention or their salts.
• One or more compounds of the lipopeptides according to the invention preferably one or more compounds with three phenyl radicals in the acyl radical R 2 can in principle be administered undiluted as such.
• the preferred use is mixed with suitable ancillary substances, carrier material or diluents. It is possible to use as carrier material in veterinary pharmaceuticals the customary foodstuff mixtures or, in the case of humans, all pharmacologically acceptable carrier materials and/or ancillary substances.
• the pharmaceuticals according to the invention are generally administered orally or parenterally, but rectal use is also possible in principle.
• suitable solid or liquid pharmaceutical formulations are granules, powders, tablets, coated tablets, (micro) capsules, suppositories, syrups, emulsions, suspensions, aerosols, drops or injectable solutions in ampoule form as well as products with protracted release of active substance, in the production of which there is normally use of excipients and additives and/or aids such as disintegrants or binders, coating and swelling agents, glidants or lubricants, flavorings, sweeteners or solubilizers.
• magnesium carbonate titanium dioxide
• lactose lactose
• mannitol and other sugars lactose
• talc lactalbumin
• gelatin starch
• vitamins cellulose and its derivatives
• animal or vegetable oils polyethylene glycols and solvents such as, for example, sterile water, alcohols, glycerol and polyhydric alcohols.
• diluents which may be mentioned are polyglycols, ethanol and water.
• buffer substances are organic compounds such as, for example, N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N-methylglucamine, N-benzylphenethylamine, diethylamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, or inorganic compounds such as, for example, phosphate buffer, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate. It is also possible to administer the active substances as such in suitable form without excipient or diluent.
• Suitable doses of the compounds of the formula I or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are about 0.4 g, preferably 0.5 g, to a maximum of 20 g per day for an adult of body weight approximately 75 kg. It is possible to administer single doses or, in general, multiple doses, and the single dose may contain the active substance in an amount of about 50 to 1000 mg.
• the dosage units for oral administration may, where appropriate, be microencapsulated so that release is delayed or extended over a longer period, such as, for example, by coating or embedding the active substance in particulate form in suitable polymers, waxes or the like.
• the pharmaceutical products are preferably produced and administered in dosage units, with each unit containing as active ingredient a particular dose of one or more compounds of the lipopeptides according to the invention.
• this dose can be up to about 200 mg, but preferably about 0.1 to 100 mg, and in injection solutions in ampoule form it is up to about 200 mg, but preferably up to 0.5 to 100 mg, per day.
• the daily dose to be administered depends on the body weight, age, sex and condition of the mammal. However, higher or lower daily doses may also be appropriate in some circumstances. Administration of the daily dose may take place either by a single administration in the form of a single dosage unit or in a plurality of smaller dosage units, as well as by multiple administration of divided doses at particular intervals.
• the pharmaceuticals according to the invention are produced by converting one or more compounds of the lipopeptides according to the invention with customary excipients and, where appropriate, additives and/or ancillary substances into the, or a, suitable administration form.
• the particularly preferred compounds of the formula I with 3 phenyl radicals in the acyl radical R 2 (for example 55, 56) furthermore have particularly favorable toxicological properties.
• they show virtually no evidence of hemolysis while all tested compounds with straight-chain or branched aliphatic acyl radicals, including the natural substances, display a considerable activity between 16 and 25% (Table 1).
• Freshly removed venous blood from rhesus monkeys is used to measure the hemolytic activity.
• the blood is collected in heparinized tubes and 200 ⁇ l aliquots are distributed over 12 polyethylene tubes.
• 200 ⁇ l of distilled water are added to one aliquot, which serves as 100% standard, and another is mixed with 200 ⁇ l of physiological saline (0.9% NaCl) (0% standard).
• 200 ⁇ l portions of substance dilutions in physiological saline containing 1600, 800, 400, 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 3.125 mg/l are distributed over the other tubes. All the tubes are cautiously swirled and incubated at 37° C. for 3 hours. Subsequently 100% standard is made up with 5 ml of distilled water, and the others are each made up with 5 ml of physiological saline and centrifuged at 700 g for 5 minutes.
• the hemolysis is determined by measuring the absorption of the supernatant in a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 540 nm.
• the absorption of the standard with complete hemolysis (distilled water) is set equal to 100%.
• the absorptions of the test product dilutions and of the 0% standard are measured and reported as a percentage of the maximum inducible hemolysis.
• reaction products The purity of the reaction products is determined by analytical HPLC (Merck, Darmstadt, LiChrospher® 100RP-8, 125 ⁇ 4 mm, elution system water+trifluoroacetic acid pH 2.5, 0.1% sodium octanesulfonate/acetonitrile, detection with UV at 220 nm) and the structure was proven by electrospray mass spectroscopy (BIO-Q-MS).
• Activation of the tridecanoic acid 113 mg (0.527 mmol) of tridecanoic acid are dissolved in 3.75 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and 172.5 mg (0.526 mmol) of TOTU and 1.25 g of a solution of ethyldiisopropylamine (0.5 mmol) in DMF (0.4 mmol/g) are added. The solution is left at room temperature for 1 hour.
• DMF N,N-dimethylformamide
• the crude product is rechromatographed on a Buchi medium pressure column (250 g of RP 18 , elution with water+0.01% CF 3 COOH/acetonitrile (3:2)).
• the product fractions are freeze dried.
• Example 1 compounds 59-66
• Example 2 compounds 67 and 68
• the yields are between 75 and 85% of theory and the purity is between 80 and 98%.
• a mixture of 10 g of product from Example 69 and 300 g of wet Actinoplanes utahensis mycelium in 1 l of sterile potassium phosphate buffer (100 mmol, pH 7.2, 50 mmol EDTA, 0.02% sodium azide) is stirred at 32° C. for 48 hours.
• the biomass is then removed by centrifugation, the solution is filtered through 500 g of MCI gel (from Mitsubishi) to immobilize the product, and the product is eluted with water/methanol (1:1).
• the eluate is concentrated to remove methanol, and the aqueous phase is chromatographed on 500 g of RP 18 with water+0.05% trifluoroacetic acid/acetonitrile (2:1).
• the product fractions are concentrated in vacuo and freeze dried.
• triphenylphosphine 33.9 g are added to a solution of 22.9 g of methyl 4-bromomethylbenzoate in 1000 ml of toluene, and the mixture is heated under reflux. The reaction is complete after 7 hours. After cooling, the product is filtered off with suction.
• stage 1 58.9 g of stage 1 are suspended in 500 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran and cooled to 0° C., and 120 ml of a 1M solution of lithium bistrimethylsilylamide in tetrahydrofuran are added. After 1 hour at room temperature, the mixture is again cooled to 0° C., and 19.3 g of stilbene-4-aldehyde are added. The mixture is then stirred at 50° C. for 2.5 hours and cooled to 0° C., and the precipitated solid is filtered off with suction. The residue is washed with 0.5 l of THF.
• the organic phase is diluted with 750 ml of ethyl acetate and washed with 750 ml of saturated ammonium chloride solution.
• the aqueous phase is extracted with 750 ml of ethyl acetate, and the organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated.
• the crude product is employed in the next stage.
• stage 3 1.98 g of stage 3 are suspended in 60 ml of ethanol, and a solution of 508 mg of KOH in 10 ml of water is added. The solution is heated under reflux for 1.5 hours. The ethanol is removed in vacuo, the residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate and 200 ml of water, and the solution is adjusted to pH 2 with 2N HCl. The mixture is then stirred for 0.5 hours, the phases are separated, and the aqueous phases are extracted once more with 200 ml of ethyl acetate. The organic phases are combined, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo.
• stage 4 1.23 g of stage 4 are suspended in 10 ml of thionyl chloride. The mixture is then heated under reflux until evolution of gas ceases. Cooling is followed by concentration in vacuo and evaporation twice with 5 ml of toluene each time.
• stage 1 5.8 g of stage 1 are hydrogenated in analogy to stage 3 in Example 71, and the product is purified by chromatography.
• stage 2 950 mg of stage 2 are hydrolyzed in analogy to stage 4 in Example 71.
• stage 3 850 mg of stage 3 are reacted with thionyl chloride in analogy to stage 5 in Example 71 to give the acid chloride.

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• 1994
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