Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/15—Depsipeptides; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/08—Peptides having 5 to 11 amino acids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
  • A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
  • A01N33/04—Nitrogen directly attached to aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
  • A61P33/10—Anthelmintics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of praziquantel and epsiprantel for enhancing the endoparasiticidal activity of cyclic depsipeptides in endoparasiticidal compositions.
• Epsiprantel 2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-2,3,6,7,8,12b-hexahydro-pyrazino[2,1-a][2]-benzazepin -4(1H)-one and its activity against endoparasites is disclosed in EP-OS [European Published Specification] 134 984, EP-OS [European Published Specification] 185 012.
• the present invention relates to the use of praziquantel and epsiprantel for enhancing the endoparasiticidal activity of cyclic depsipeptides composed of amino acids and hydroxycarboxylic acids as ring components and 6 to 30 ring atoms.
• the present invention furthermore relates to endoparasiticidal compositions containing praziquantel and epsiprantel together with cyclic depsipeptides composed of amino acids and hydroxycarboxylic acids as ring components and 6 to 30 ring atoms.
• the present invention furthermore relates to the use of praziquantel and epsiprantel together with cyclic depsipeptides composed of amino acids and hydroxycarboxylic acids as ring components and 6 to 30 ring atoms for the preparation of endoparasiticidal compositions.
• Preferred cyclic depsipeptides are those having 18 to 24 ring atoms.
• the depsipeptides having 18 ring atoms include compounds of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which R 1 , R 3 and R 5 independently of one another represent hydrogen, straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 8 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl, alkanoyloxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, mercaptoalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, alkylsulphinylalkyl, alkylsulphonylalkyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, arylalkoxycarbonylalkyl, carbamoylalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, guanidinoalkyl which can optionally be substituted by one or two benzyloxycarbonyl radicals or by one, two, three or four alkyl radicals, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl
• R 2 , R 4 and R 6 independently of one another represent hydrogen, straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 8 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl, mercaptoalkyl, alkanoyloxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, alkylsulphinylalkyl, alkylsulphonylalkyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, arylalkoxycarbonylalkyl, carbamoylalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted aryl or arylalkyl, substituents which may be mentioned being halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl and alkoxy,
• Preferred compounds of the formula (I) are those
• R 1 , R 3 and R 5 independently of one another straight-chain or branched C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, sec-hexyl, heptyl, isoheptyl, sec-heptyl, tertheptyl, octyl, isooctyl, sec-octyl, hydroxy-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, in particular hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkanoyloxy-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, in particular acetoxymethyl, 1-acetoxyethyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy-C 1 -C
• R 2 , R 4 and R 6 independently of one another straight-chain or branched C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, sec-hexyl, heptyl, isoheptyl, sec-heptyl, tert-heptyl, octyl, isooctyl, sec-octyl, hydroxy-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, in particular hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkanoyloxy-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, in particular acetoxymethyl, 1-acetoxyethyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy-C 1
• R 1 , R 3 and R 5 independently of one another straight-chain or branched C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, sec-hexyl, heptyl, isoheptyl, sec-heptyl, octyl, isooctyl, sec-octyl, hydroxy-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, in particular hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkanoyloxy-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, in particular acetoxymethyl, 1-acetoxyethyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, in particular methoxymethyl, 1-
• R 2 , R 4 and R 6 independently of one another straight-chain or branched C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, sec-hexyl, heptyl, isoheptyl, sec-heptyl, tert-heptyl, octyl, isooctyl, sec-octyl, hydroxy-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, in particular hydroxymethyl, aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyloxy-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, in particular benzyloxymethyl, 1-benzyloxyethyl, carboxy-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, in particular carb
• R 1 , R 3 and R 5 independently of one another straight-chain or branched C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, sec-hexyl, heptyl, isoheptyl, sec-heptyl, octyl, isooctyl, sec-octyl C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl, in particular allyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, in particular cyclohexylmethyl, phenyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, in particular phenylmethyl,
• R 2 , R 4 and R 6 independently of one another straight-chain or branched C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, sec-hexyl, heptyl, isoheptyl, sec-heptyl, octyl, isooctyl, sec-octyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl, in particular vinyl, allyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, in particular cyclohexylmethyl, phenyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, in particular phenylmethyl which can optionally be substituted by one or more identical or different radicals from amongst those mentioned
• All compounds of the general formula (I) which can exist in optically active, stereoisomeric forms or in the form of racemic mixtures can be used in the sense of the present invention.
• the optically active, stereoisomeric forms of the compounds of the general formula (I) are preferably used according to the invention.
• depsipeptides which may be mentioned are the compounds disclosed in PCT Application WO 93/19053.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 independently of one another represent hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 -alkyl or aryl, in particular phenyl, each of which is optionally substituted by hydroxyl, C 1 -C 10 -alkoxy or halogen.
• the compounds of the formula (I) can be synthesized by the process applied by U. Schmidt et al. to macrocyclic peptide alkaloids (cf. for example: U. Schmidt et al. in Synthesis (1991) pp. 294-300 [didemnin A, B and C]; Angew. Chem. 96 (1984) pp. 723-724 [dolastatin 3]; Angew. Chem. 102 (1990) pp. 562-563 [fenestin A]; Angew. Chem. 97 (1985) pp. 606-607 [ulicyclamid]; J. Org. Chem. 47 (1982) pp. 3261-3264).
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 have the above-mentioned meaning
• Formula (II) provides a general definition of the carboxyl-activated derivaves of the open-chain hexadepsipeptides required as starting substances for carrying out process a.
• a and R 1 to R 6 preferably represent those radicals which have already been mentioned in connection with the description of the substances of the formula (I) according to the invention as being preferred for these substituents.
• the carboxyl-activated pentafluorophenyl esters of the formula (II-a) which are used as starting materials can be obtained by processes known from the literature (cf. L. Kisfaludy et al. J. Org. Chem. 35 (1970), p. 3563; L. Kisfaludy et al. J. Org. Chem. 44 (1979), pp. 654-655). Their preparation is described further below.
• the cyclization reaction of the compounds of the formula (II) is preferably carried out in the presence of a suitable hydrogenation catalyst and in the presence of a basic reaction auxiliary using diluents.
• Catalysts which are suitable for carrying out process a are all customary hydrogenation catalysts.
• Noble-metal catalysts such as, for example, platinum, platinum oxide, palladium or ruthenium, if appropriate on a suitable support, such as, for example, carbon or silicon dioxide, are preferably used.
• Basic reaction auxilaries which can be employed are all suitable acid-binding agents, such as amines, in particular tertiary amines, and alkali metal compounds and alkaline earth metal compounds.
• hydroxides, oxides and carbonates of lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and barium furthermore other basic compounds, such as triethylamine, trimethylamine, tribenzylamine, triisopropylamine, tributylamine, tribenzylamine, tricyclohexylamine, triamylamine, trihexylamine, N,N-dimethyl-aniline, N,N-dimethyl-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-p-aminopyridine, N-methyl-pyrrolidine, N-methyl-piperidine, N-methyl-imidazole, N-methyl-pyrrole, N-methyl-morpholine, N-methyl-hexamethyleneimine, pyridine, 4-pyrrolidino-pyridine, 4-dimethylamino-pyridine, quinoline, ⁇ -picoline, ⁇ -picoline, isoquinoline, pyrimidine, acridine, N,N,N'
• Heteroaromatic substances such as, for example, pyridine, N-methyl-imidazole or 4-pyrrolidino-pyridine, are preferably used.
• Suitable diluents for carrying out process a are all inert organic solvents.
• halogen hydrocarbons in particular chlorohydrocarbons, such as tetrachloroethylene, tetrachloroethane, dichloropropane, methylene chloride, dichlorobutane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, pentachloroethane, difluorobenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, chlorotoluene, trichlorobenzene; alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and butanol; ethers, such as ethyl propyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, n-butyl ether, di-n-butyl ether, diisobutyl ether, diisoamyl ether, diisopropyl ether, anisole, phen
• Preferred substances are ethers, such as, for example, dioxane, and mixtures of alcohols and ether.
• Process a is carried out by heating compounds of the formula (IIa) in a diluent under high-dilution conditions in the presence of hydrogen and in the presence of a basic reaction auxiliary and of a suitable hydrogenation catalyst.
• the reaction time is approximately 4 to 20 hours.
• the reaction is carried out at temperatures between +20° C. and +200° C., preferably between +70° C. and +155° C.
• the process is preferably carried out under an inert gas atmosphere and under the pressure which is established under the reaction conditions when the mixture is heated to the reaction temperature required.
• a solution of pentafluorophenyl N-benzyloxycarbonyl-N-methyl-L-isoleucyl-D--lactyl-N-methyl-L-isoleucyl-D-lactyl-N-methyl-L-isoleucyl-D-lactate of the formula (IIa) in dioxane is added dropwise in the course of 2 to 10 hours to a rapidly stirred suspension of equimolar amounts of a suitable hydrogenation catalyst, for example palladium/charcoal, in an excess of dioxane at 95° C. while continuously passing through hydrogen.
• a suitable hydrogenation catalyst for example palladium/charcoal
• the solution generally contains 0.5 to 2.5 mol, preferably 1.0 to 2.0 mol, of 4-pyrrolidino-pyridine and 0.5 to 10%, preferably 2 to 5%, of alcohol (based on the solvent).
• N-benzyloxycarbonyl-substituted pentafluorophenyl esters of the formula (IIa) can also be used, and the latter substances can be cyclized in a two-phase system as described by U. Schmidt (cf. for example: U. Schmidt et al., Synthesis (1991) pp. 294-300 [didemnin A, B and C]).
• reaction mixture When the reaction is complete, the reaction mixture is cooled, the entire reaction batch is concentrated in vacuo and extracted using an organic solvent, and the extract is worked up in a manner known per se.
• the products obtained can be purified in the customary manner by recrystallization, distillation in vacuo or column chromatography.
• N-methyl-L-isoleucyl-D-lactyl-N-methyl-L-isoleucyl-D-lactyl-N-methyl-L-isoleucyl-D-lactic acid is employed as compounds of the formula (IIb), the process can be represented by the following equation: ##STR11##
• Formula (II) provides a general definition of the open-chain hexadepsipeptides required as starting substances for carrying out process b.
• R 1 to R 6 preferably represent those radicals which have already been mentioned in connection with the description of the substances of the formula (I) according to the invention as being preferred for these substituents.
• Coupling reagents which can be used for carrying out process b are all those which are suitable for producing an amide linkage (cf. for example: Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie [Methods in Organic Chemistry], Volume 15/2; Bodanszky et al., Peptide Synthesis 2nd ed. (Wiley & Sons, New York 1976) or Gross, Meienhofer, The Peptides: Analysis synthesis, biology (Academic Press, New York 1979).
• active ester method using pentachlorophenol (Pcp) and pentafluorophenol (Pfp), N-hydroxysuccinimide, N-hydroxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxamide (HONB), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) or 3-hydroxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1,2,3-benzotriazine as alcohol component, coupling with carbodiimides, such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) by the DCC additive process, or with N-propanephosphonic anhydride (PPA) and mixed anhydride method using pivaloyl chloride, ethyl chloroformate (EEDQ) and isobutyl chloroformate (IIDQ), or coupling with phosphonium reagents, such as benzotriazol-1-yl-oxy-tris(dimethylaminophosphonium) hexafluorophosphate (Pcp) and pent
• phosphonium reagents such as bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)-phosphinic chloride (BOP-Cl), benzotriazol-1-yl-oxy-tris(dimethylamino-phosphonium) hexafluorophosphate (BOP) and phosphonic ester reagents, such as diethyl cyanophosphonate (DEPC) or diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA), is preferred.
• BOP-Cl bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)-phosphinic chloride
• BOP benzotriazol-1-yl-oxy-tris(dimethylamino-phosphonium) hexafluorophosphate
• phosphonic ester reagents such as diethyl cyanophosphonate (DEPC) or diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA)
• Basic reaction auxiliaries which can be used for carrying out process b are the tertiary amines mentioned in process a, in particular trialkylamines, such as triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine or N-methylmorpholine.
• Diluents which are used for carrying out process b are the halogenated hydrocarbons mentioned in process a, in particular chlorohydrocarbons.
• Process b is carried out by combining compounds of the formula (II) in the presence of one of the above-mentioned coupling reagents and in the presence of a basic reaction auxiliary in a diluent under high-dilution conditions and stirring the mixture.
• the reaction time is 4 to 72 hours.
• the reaction is carried out at temperature between -5° C. and +100° C., preferably between -5° C. and +50° C., particularly preferably at 0° C. to room temperature.
• the process is carried out under atmospheric pressure.
• 1.0 to 3.0 mol, preferably 1.0 to 1.5 mol, of coupling reagent is generally used per mol of N-methyl-L-isoleucyl-D-lactyl-N-methyl-L-isoleucyl-D-lactyl-N-methyl-L-isoleucyl-D-lactic acid of the formula (II).
• reaction solution is washed until weakly alkaline, and the organic phase is separated off, dried and concentrated in vacuo.
• the products obtained can be purified in the customary manner by recrystallization, distillation in vacuo or column chromatography.
• the open-chain depsipeptides which are used as starting compounds can be prepared by processes known per se, for example the process described by H. -G. Lerchen and H. Kunz (Tetrahedron Lett. 26 (43) (1985) pp. 5257-5260; 28 (17) (1987) pp. 1873-1876) utilizing the esterification method described by B. F. Gisin (Helv. Chim. Acta 56 (1973) p. 1476).
• the cyclic depsipeptides having 24 ring atoms include compounds of the general formula (Ia) ##STR13## in which R 1a , R 2a , R 11a and R 12a independently of one another represent C 1-8 -alkyl, C 1-8 -halogenalkyl, C 3-6 -cycloalkyl, aralkyl and aryl,
• R 3a , R 5a , R 7a and R 9a independently of one another represent hydrogen or straight-chain or branched C 1-8 -alkyl which can optionally be substituted by hydroxyl, C 1-4 -alkoxy, carboxyl, ##STR14## indolyl, guanidino, --SH or C 1-4 -alkylthio, and furthermore represent aryl or aralkyl, each of which can be substituted by halogen, hydroxyl, C 1-4 -alkyl or C 1-4 -alkoxy,
• R 4a , R 6a , R 8a and R 10a independently of one another represent hydrogen, straight-chain C 1-5 -alkyl, C 2-6 -alkenyl, C 3-7 -cycloalkyl, each of which can optionally be substituted by hydroxyl, C 1-4 -alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxamide, imidazolyl, indolyl, guanidino, SH or C 1-4 -alkylthio, and also represent aryl or aralkyl, each of which can be substituted by halogen, hydroxyl, C 1-4 -alkyl or C 1-4 -alkoxy,
• Preferred compounds of the formula (Ia) which are employed are those in which
• R 1a , R 2a , R 11a and R 12a independently of one another represent methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-, s-, t-butyl or phenyl which is optionally substituted by halogen, C 1-4 -alkyl, OH or C 1-4 -alkoxy or represent benzyl or phenylethyl, each of which can optionally be substituted by the radicals indicated for phenyl; and
• R 3a to R 10a have the above-mentioned meaning.
• Particularly preferred compounds of the formula (Ia) are those in which
• R 1a , R 2a , R 11a and R 12a independently of one another represent methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl or n-, s- or t-butyl,
• R 3a , R 5a , R 7a and R 9a represent hydrogen, straight-chain or branched C 1-8 -alkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl, propyl, i-propyl and n-, s- or t-butyl, each of which can optionally be substituted by C 1-4 -alkoxy, in particular methoxy, ethoxy, imidazolyl, indolyl or C 1-4 -alkylthio, in particular methythio and ethylthio, furthermore represent phenyl, benzyl or phenethyl, each of which can optionally be substituted by halogen, in particular chlorine; and
• R 4a , R 6a , R 8a and R 10a independently of one another represent hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, vinyl or cyclohexyl, each of which can optionally be substituted by methoxy, ethoxy, imidazolyl, indolyl, methylthio or ethylthio, and also represent isopropyl and s-butyl and furthermore phenyl, benzyl or phenylethyl, each of which is optionally substituted by halogen.
• the compounds of the formula (Ia) can be prepared by subjecting open-chain octadepsipeptides of the formula (IIc) ##STR15## in which R 1a to R 12a have the above-mentioned meaning
• Suitable coupling reagents are all those compounds which are suitable for forming an amide linkage (cf. for example: Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie [Methods in Organic Chemistry], Volume 15/2; Bodanszky et al., Peptide Synthesis 2nd Ed. (Wiley/Sons, New York 1976).
• the following reagents and methods are preferably suitable: active ester method using pentafluorophenol (Pfp), N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, coupling with carbodiimides, such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide (Ebc), and the mixed anhydride method, or coupling with phosphonium reagents, such as benzotriazol-1-yl-oxy-tris(dimethylaminophosphonium) hexafluorophosphate (BOP), bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)-phosphinic chloride (BOP-Cl), or with phosphonic ester reagents, such as diethyl cyanophosphonate (DEPC) and diphenylphospharyl azide (DPPA).
• Pfp pentafluorophenol
• BOP-Cl bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)-phosphinic chloride
• EDC N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide
• HBt 1-hydroxybenzotriazole
• the reaction is carried out at temperatures of 0°-150° C., preferably at 20° to 100° C., particularly preferably at room temperature.
• Suitable diluents are all inert organic solvents. These include, in particular, aliphatic and aromatic, optionally halogenated hydrocarbons, such as pentane, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, benzine, ligroin, benzene, toluene, methylene chloride, ethylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene and o-dichlorobenzene, furthermore ethers, such as diethyl ether, dibutyl ether, glycol dimethyl ether and diglycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, furthermore ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone, furthermore esters, such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate, furthermore
• the compounds of the formula (IIc) and the coupling reagents are employed in the ratio of 1:1 to 1:1.5 to each other. An approximately equimolar ratio is preferred.
• R 1a to R 12a have the above-mentioned meaning
• R 1a , R 2a , R 3a , R 4a , R 5a and R 10a have the above-mentioned meaning
• R 6a , R 7a , R 8a , R 9a , R 11a and R 12a have the above-mentioned meaning
• Tetradepsipeptides of the formula (Va) are obtained by hydrolyzing tetradepsipeptides of the formula (VIIa) ##STR22## in which A represents benzyl and
• R 1a , R 2a , R 3a , R 4a , R 5a and R 10a have the above-mentioned meaning
• R 1a , R 2a , R 3a , R 4a , R 5a and R 10a have the above-mentioned meaning
• Tetradepsipeptides of the formula (VIIa) are obtained by subjecting didepsipeptides of the formula (VIIIa) ##STR25## in which A represents benzyl and
• R 1a , R 3a and R 10a have the above-mentioned meaning and
• R 2a , R 4a and R 5a have the above-mentioned meaning
• compositions according to the invention are suitable for combating pathogenic endoparasites which occur in humans and in animal keeping and livestock breeding in productive livestock, breeding animals, zoo animals, laboratory animals, experimental animals and pets. In this context, they are active against all or individual stages of development of the pests and against resistant and normally-sensitive species.
• pathogenic endoparasites By combating the pathogenic endoparasites, it is intended to reduce disease, deaths and decreasing performance (for example in the production of meat, milk, wool, hides, eggs, honey etc.), so that more economical and simpler animal keeping is possible by using the active compounds.
• the pathogenic endoparasites include Cestodes, Trematodes, Nematodes and Acantocephala, in particular:
• Cyclophyllidea for example: Mesocestoides spp., Anoplocephala spp., Paranoplocephala spp., Moniezia spp., Thysanosomsa spp., Thysaniezia spp., Avitellina spp., Stilesia spp., Cittotaenia spp., Andyra spp., Bertiella spp., Taenia spp., Echinococcus spp., Hydatigera spp., Davainea spp., Raillietina spp., Hymenolepis spp., Echinolepis spp., Echinocotyle spp., Echinocotyle spp., Diorchis spp., Dipylidium spp., Joyeuxiella spp., Diplopylidium spp.
• Stronylus spp. Triodontophorus spp., Oesophagodontus spp., Trichonema spp., Gyalocephalus spp., Cylindropharynx spp., Poteriostomum spp., Cyclococercus spp.,
• Cylicostephanus spp. Oesophagostomum spp., Chabertia spp., Stephanurus spp., Ancylostoma spp., Uncinaria spp., Bunostomum spp.,
• Globocephalus spp. Syngamus spp., Cyathostoma spp., Metastrongylus spp., Dictyocaulus spp., Muellerius spp., protostrongylus spp., Neostrongylus spp., Cystocaulus spp., Pneumostrongylus spp., Spicocaulus spp., Elaphostrongylus spp., Parelaphostrongylus spp., Crenosoma spp., Paracrenosoma spp., Angiostrongylus spp., Aelurostrongylus spp., Filaroides spp., Parafilaroides spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Haemonchus spp., Ostertagia spp., Marshallagia spp., Cooperia spp., Nematodirus spp., Hyo
• Oxyuris spp. Enterobius spp., Passalurus spp., Syphacia spp., Aspiculuris spp., Heterakis spp..
• Ascaridia From the order of the Ascaridia, for example: Ascaris spp., Toxascaris spp., Toxocara spp., Parascaris spp., Anisakis spp., Ascaridia spp..
• Filariida From the order of the Filariida, for example: Stephanofilaria spp., Parafilaria spp., Setaria spp., Loa spp., Dirofilaria spp., Litomosoides spp., Brugia spp., Wuchereria spp., Onchocerca spp..
• the productive livestock and breeding animals include mammals such as, for example, cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, goats, camels, water buffalo, donkeys, rabbits, fallow deer, reindeer, fur-bearing animals such as, for example, minks, chinchilla, racoon, birds such as, for example, chickens, geese, turkeys, ducks, ostriches, freshwater and salt-water fish such as, for example, trout, carps, eels, reptiles, insects such as, for example, honeybee and silkworm.
• mammals such as, for example, cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, goats, camels, water buffalo, donkeys, rabbits, fallow deer, reindeer, fur-bearing animals such as, for example, minks, chinchilla, racoon
• birds such as, for example, chickens, geese, turkeys, ducks, ostriches, freshwater and salt-water fish such
• Laboratory animals and experimental animals include mice, rats, guinea pigs, golden hamsters, dogs and cats.
• Pets include dogs and cats.
• the active compounds can be administered prophylactically as well as therapeutically.
• the active compounds are administered, enterally, parenterally, dermally, nasally, by environment treatment, or with the aid of active-compound-containing shaped articles such as, for example, strips, plates, bands, collars, ear marks, limb bands, marking devices.
• the active compounds are administered enterally, for example orally, in the form of powders, tablets, capsules, pastes, drinks, granules, or solutions, suspensions and emulsions which can be administered orally, or boli, medicated feed or drinking water.
• Dermal administration is effected, for example in the form of dipping, spraying or pouring-on and spotting-on.
• Parenteral administration is effected, for example, in the form of injection (intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intravenously, intraperitoneally or by implants.
• Suitable preparations are:
• Solutions such as injectable solutions, oral solutions, concentrates for oral administration after dilution, solutions for use on the skin or in body cavities, pour-on and spot-on formulations, gels;
• Emulsions and suspension for oral or dermal administration and for injection are Emulsions and suspension for oral or dermal administration and for injection; semi-solid preparations;
• Solid preparations such as powders, premixes or concentrates, granules, pellets, tablets, boli, capsules; aerosols and inhalants, shaped articles containing active compound.
• Injectable solutions are administered intravenously, intramuscularly and subcutaneously.
• Injectable solutions are prepared by dissolving the active compound in a suitable solvent and, if appropriate, adding additives such as solubilizers, acids, bases, buffer salts, antioxidants and preservatives. The solutions are sterile-filtered and drawn off.
• solvents physiologically acceptable solvents such as water, alcohols such as ethanol, butanol, benzyl alcohol, glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, N-methyl-pyrrolidone, and mixtures of these.
• the active compounds can also be dissolved in physiologically acceptable vegetable or synthetic oils which are suitable for injection.
• solubilizers solvents which enhance solution of the active compound in the main solvent, or which prevent its precipitation.
• solvents which enhance solution of the active compound in the main solvent, or which prevent its precipitation examples are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyoxyethylated castor oil, polyoxyethylated sorbitan esters.
• Preservatives are: benzyl alcohol, trichlorobutanol, p-hydroxybenzoic esters, n-butanol.
• Oral solutions are administered directly. Concentrates are administered orally after previously having been diluted to the administration concentration. Oral solutions and concentrates are prepared as described above in the case of the injectable solutions, it being possible to dispense with working under sterile conditions.
• Solutions for use on the skin are applied dropwise, brushed on, rubbed in, splashed on or sprayed on. These solutions are prepared as described above in the case of injectable solutions.
• Thickeners are: inorganic thickeners such as bentonite, colloidal silica, aluminium monostearate, organic thickeners such as cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl alcohols and their copolymers, acrylates and metacrylates.
• Gels are applied to, or brushed on, the skin, or introduced into body cavities. Gels are prepared by treating solutions which have been prepared as described in the case of the injectable solutions with such an amount of thickener that a clear substance of cream-like consistency is formed. Thickeners employed are the thickeners indicated further above.
• Pour-on and spot-on formulations are poured onto, or splashed onto, limited areas of the skin, the active compound penetrating the skin and acting systematically.
• pour-on and spot-on formulations are prepared by dissolving, suspending or emulsifying the active compound in suitable solvents or solvent mixtures which are tolerated by the skin. If appropriate, other adjuvants such as colourants, resorption accelerators, antioxidants, light stabilizers, and tackifiers are added.
• Solvents which may be mentioned are: water, alkanols, glycols, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, glycerol, aromatic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol, phenylethanol, phenoxyethanol, esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, benzyl benzoate, ethers such as alkylene glycol alkyl ethers such as dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-butyl ether, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, aromatic and/or aliphatic hydrocarbons, vegetable or synthetic oils, DMF, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxy-methylene-1,3-dioxolane.
• aromatic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol, phenylethanol, phenoxyethanol
• esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate
• Colourants are all colourants which are licensed for use on animals and which can be dissolved or suspended.
• resorption accelerators examples include DMSO, spreading oils such as isopropyl myristate, dipropylene glycol pelargonate, silicone oils, fatty acid esters, triglycerides, fatty alcohols.
• Antioxidants are sulphites or metabisulphites such as potassium metabisulphite, ascorbic acid, butylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole, tocopherol.
• Examples of light stabilizers are novantisolic acid.
• tackifiers are cellulose derivatives, starch derivatives, polyacrylates, natural polymers such as alginates, gelatine.
• Emulsions can be administered orally, dermally or in the form of injections.
• Emulsions are either of the water-in-oil type or of the oil-in-water type.
• hydrophobic phase paraffin oils, silicone oils, natural vegetable oils such as sesame seed oil, almond oil, castor oil, synthetic triglycerides such as caprylic/capric acid biglyceride, triglyceride mixture with vegetable fatty acids of chain length C 8-12 or with other specifically selected natural fatty acids, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids which may also contain hydroxyl groups, and mono- and diglycerides of the C 8 /C 10 -fatty acids.
• Fatty acid esters such as ethyl stearate, di-n-butyryl adipate, hexyl laurate, dipropylene glycol pelargonate, esters of a branched fatty acid of medium chain length with saturated fatty alcohols of chain length C 16 -C 18 , isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, caprylic/capric esters of saturated fatty alcohols of chain length C 12 -C 18 , isopropyl stearate, oleyl oleate, decyl oleate, ethyl oleate, ethyl lactate, waxy fatty acid esters such as artificial uropygial gland fat from ducks, dibutyl phthalate, diisopropyl adipate, ester mixtures related to the latter, etc.
• Fatty alcohols such as isotridecyl alcohol, 2-octyldodecanol, cetylstearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol.
• Fatty acids such as, for example, oleic acid and its mixtures.
• hydropholic phase water, alcohols such as, for example, propylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol and their mixtures.
• non-ionic surfactants for example polyoxyethylated castor oil, polyoxyethylated sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monostearate, glycerol monostearate, polyoxyethyl stearate, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers;
• ampholytic surfactants such as disodium N-lauryl- ⁇ -iminodipropionate or lecithin;
• anionic surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulphate, fatty alcohol ether sulphates, the monoethanol amine salt of mono/dialkyl polyglycol ether orthophosphoric acid esters;
• cationic surfactants such as cetyltrimethylammonium chloride.
• viscosity-increasing substances and substances which stabilise the emulsion such as carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose and other cellulose and starch derivatives, polyacrylates, alginates, gelatine, gum arabic, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride, polyethylene glycols, waxes, colloidal silica, or mixtures of the substances mentioned.
• Suspensions can be administered orally, dermally or in the form of injection. They are prepared by suspending the active substance in an excipient liquid, if appropriate with the addition of further adjuvants such as wetting agents, colourants, resorption accelerators, preservatives, antioxidants light stabilizers.
• Excipient liquids which may be mentioned are all homogeneous solvents and solvent mixtures.
• wetting agents which may be mentioned are the surfactants indicated further above.
• Semi-solid preparations can be administered orally or dermally. They are only distinguished from the above-described suspensions and emulsions by their higher viscosity.
• the active compound is mixed with suitable excipients, if appropriate with the addition of adjuvants, and the mixture is formulated as desired.
• Excipients which may be mentioned are all physiologically acceptable solid inert substances. Suitable as such are inorganic and organic substances. Examples of inorganic substances are sodium chloride, carbonates such as calcium carbonate, hydrogencarbonates, aluminium oxides, silicas, clays, precipitated or colloidal silica, and phosphates.
• organic substances are sugars, cellulose, food and animal feeds such as dried milk, carcass meals, cereal meals and coarse cereal meals and starches.
• Adjuvants are preservatives, antioxidants and colourants which have already been indicated further above.
• Suitable adjuvants are lubricants and gliding agents such as, for example, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, talc, bentonites, disintegrants such as starch or crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, binders such as, for example, starch, gelatine or linear polyvinylpyrrolidone, and also dry binders such as microcrystalline cellulose.
• lubricants and gliding agents such as, for example, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, talc, bentonites, disintegrants such as starch or crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, binders such as, for example, starch, gelatine or linear polyvinylpyrrolidone, and also dry binders such as microcrystalline cellulose.
• the active compounds can also be present in the form of a mixture with synergists or with other active compounds which act against pathogenic endoparasites.
• active compounds are L-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-phenyl-imidazothiazole, benzimidazole carbamates, pyrantel.
• Ready-to-use preparations contain the active compounds in concentrations of 10 ppm-20 percent by weight, preferably 0.1-10 percent by weight.
• Preparations which are diluted prior to administration contain the active compounds in concentrations of 0.5-90% by weight, preferably 5 to 50 percent by weight.
• the ratio by weight of praziquantel, or epsiprantel, to depsipeptide in the compositions is 1:1 to 10, preferably 1:1 to 2, very particularly preferably 1:1.
• Beagle puppies are infected experimentally with hook-worms, species Ancylostoma caninum.
• A. caninum is applied orally in the form of 250 L 3 larvae.
• the active compounds are administered orally in the form of the pure active compound in gelatine capsules.
• the activity is evaluated by two methods.
• the worm eggs excreted with the faeces are counted before and after the treatment.
• Kittens are infected experimentally with L 3 larvae of hookworms, species Ancylostoma tubaeforme. For the infection, 250 larvae are applied orally, or about 500 cutaneously.
• the active compounds are administered orally in the form of the pure active compound in gelantine capsules.
• the activity is evaluated by two methods.
• the worm eggs excreted with the faeces are counted before and after the treatment.
• the colourless oily residue is taken up in chloroform and washed twice using 5% strength citric acid, twice using NaHCO 3 solution and twice using water.
• the organic phase is dried over sodium sulphate, and the solvent is subsequently distilled off in vacuo.
• the crude product which remains can be prepurified chromatographically over a silica gel column (silica gel 60-Merck, particle size: 0.04 to 0.063 mm) using toluene: ethyl acetate (4:1) as the eluant (purity 84%). This is followed by preparative HPLC purification.
• Dry hydrogen chloride gas is passed for 20 minutes into a solution, cooled to 0° C., of 9.2 g (11.2 mmol) of Z-(-L-MeIle-D-Lac-) 3 -O- t Bu in 150 ml of absolute methylene chloride. The mixture is subsequently stirred for approximately 16 hours at room temperature and the entire reaction batch is concentrated in vacuo.
• BOP-Cl (0.124 mmol) was added at 0° C. to a solution of the compoundnig's base (0.258 mmol) in dichloromethane (100 ml), and stirring of the mixture was continued for 24 hours at room temperature. After this time had elapsed, the same amount of BOP-Cl and base were added, and the mixture was stirred for a further 24 hours. The solution was washed twice using saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography using cyclohexaneethyl acetate 2:1 as the eluant.
• HCl gas was passed for 1.5 hours at 0° C. into a solution of the tert-butyl ester of the formula (IVa) (1.609 mmol) in dichloromethane (40 ml). The mixture was subsequently heated to room temperature, and stirring was continued for 12 hours. The solution was evaporated on a rotary evaporator and the residue dried under high vacuum. The residue was reacted without further purification.

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