US4973196A - Process for the intermediate sealing of dumps - Google Patents

Process for the intermediate sealing of dumps Download PDF

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Publication number
US4973196A
US4973196A US07/441,724 US44172489A US4973196A US 4973196 A US4973196 A US 4973196A US 44172489 A US44172489 A US 44172489A US 4973196 A US4973196 A US 4973196A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
process according
layer
waste
building rubble
suspension
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US07/441,724
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English (en)
Inventor
Hartmut Fuhr
Bernd Koglin
Rolf Rink
Josef Schafer
Wolfgang Vogel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer AG
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Bayer AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer AG filed Critical Bayer AG
Assigned to BAYER AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, LEVERKUSEN, GERMANY, A CORP. OF GERMANY reassignment BAYER AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, LEVERKUSEN, GERMANY, A CORP. OF GERMANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: FUHR, HARTMUT, KOGLIN, BERND, RINK, ROLF, SCHAFER, JOSEF, VOGEL, WOLFGANG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4973196A publication Critical patent/US4973196A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/16—Waste materials; Refuse from building or ceramic industry
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/004—Sealing liners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00767—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for waste stabilisation purposes
    • C04B2111/00775—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for waste stabilisation purposes the composition being used as waste barriers or the like, e.g. compositions used for waste disposal purposes only, but not containing the waste itself
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the intermediate sealing of the relevant upper waste layers of an operating dump and for the production of a multibarrier system to prevent seepage water penetrating into the body of the dump by means of intermediate covering of the dump layers.
  • waste is filled in layers having a height of, for example, 10 m and is covered with a layer of loam or other suitable material in a height of, for example 30 cm.
  • the seepage waters obtained on these intermediate layers after further deposition are collected and treated.
  • Precipitation should be kept away from the fill area by covering or sealing.
  • Suitable materials for the intermediate seals are both the plastic web and cohesive earth material.
  • Plastic films which are laid in the form of roofing tiles, loosely or welded to one another, must be weighted down against gusts of wind. They must have high tensile strength and be weather-resistant.
  • the intermediate seal of cohesive material should have a minimum thickness of 20 cm after installation.
  • the surface must be rolled smooth and protected from drying out or the effects of frost.
  • a disadvantage of the mineral intermediate seal of cohesive material is its considerable volume, which is removed from the dump volume available for waste fill. Both for domestic waste and for commercial or industrial wastes and for special waste, the available dump volume is steadily becoming scarcer in all highly developed countries. This aspect is therefore becoming more and more important.
  • This object is achieved, according to the invention, by a process in which individual dump layers are separated from one another by intermediate coverings which are provided with a drainage layer, and the seepage water which has collected in the drainage layer is removed and fed to a seepage water disposal system.
  • intermediate coverings which require substantially less space than the known intermediate seals of cohesive earth material and which remain in the dump, contrary to the guidelines of the state-of-the-art.
  • Plastic films or sheets overlapping in the form of roofing tiles or laid as webs are preferably used for the intermediate seal.
  • the intermediate covering can also be applied in the form of layers which predominantly consist of wastes such as building rubble, minerals resembling building rubble and excavated earth.
  • Particularly suitable materials for the drainage layer are plant substrates of the particle fractions sand and gravel, at least 95% of which is in the size range from 0.06 mm to 40 mm.
  • the size range is preferably from 1 mm to 30 mm.
  • Other suitable materials are rough and porous rocks.
  • a substrate mixture of which the mechanical stability has been increased by admixing up to 5% of bentonite is preferred.
  • the thickness of the plant substrate layer is 20 mm to 100 mm, preferably 30 mm to 60 mm.
  • HDPE webs or HDPE sheets which are welded to one another or laid in an overlapping manner are preferably used for the intermediate covering consisting of plastic films or plastic sheets.
  • the thickness of the HDPE web or plate material is advantageously in the range from 1 mm to 3 mm.
  • a finely divided hardening, water-insoluble suspension is filtered into the intermediate covering from a layer of building rubble, material resembling building rubble or excavated earth.
  • suspensions which contain binders, such as, for example, waterglass or silica sol.
  • These measures are used for sealing the intermediate spaces and for consolidating the intermediate covering.
  • the infiltration of the sealing suspension into the upper waste layer can be effected by reduced pressure from below or by excess pressure from above. In the case of suction by means of reduced pressure, air is sucked out of the waste layer using a lance. To suppress the inflow of air from adjacent surface areas, these are expediently covered with a film. In the case of forcing in by means of excess pressure, a pressure bell is inverted over the area to be sealed, and the sealing suspension is introduced and then forced into the soil under excess pressure.
  • Intermediate sealing of the dump can advantageously be effected by pumping a free-flowing, highly concentrated suspension of fine particles of building rubble, minerals resembling building rubble and excavated earth onto the waste surface by means of a fan jet.
  • Binders in the form of silica sol or waterglass are preferably added to the suspension.
  • slabs or blocks are produced by compressing wastes comprising building rubble, minerals resembling building rubble and excavated earth, to which binders have been added, under high pressures of 10 to 300 bar, preferably 30 bar to 150 bar, and the said slabs or blocks are then laid in the form of building blocks or roofing tiles.
  • waterglass, silica sol or even cement is suitable as the binder.
  • the joints remaining between the slabs or blocks are advantageously closed with a hardening, water-insoluble suspension.
  • a hardening, water-insoluble suspension In principle, the same procedure is adopted as for infiltration of a hardening, water-insoluble suspension into the intemediate covering (see above).
  • that surface of the upper slabs or blocks which faces upwards can be structured in order to provide a means of attachment for the drainable material to be placed on top.
  • plastic intermediate seals too can be connected to a drainage system and can be designed so that they need not be removed before the fill areas with intermediate seals are put into operation again, but can be connected to the seepage water disposal system.
  • wastes such as building rubble, minerals resembling building rubble or excavated earth may even account for a significant part of the intermediate seal.
  • wastes such as building rubble, minerals resembling building rubble or excavated earth may even account for a significant part of the intermediate seal.
  • This process can be used in all dumps for special wastes, industrial or commercial wastes or domestic waste. Compared with the prior art, it saves valuable proportions of dump volume and considerably reduces the amount of resulting seepage water and the amount of eluted pollutants.
  • FIG. schematically shows the structure of a dump set up by the process according to the invention, having intermediate sealing of the waste layers;
  • FIG. 2 shows the introduction of a sealing suspension into a particulate waste layer by means of reduced pressure
  • FIG. 3 shows the introduction of a sealing suspension into the waste layer by means of excess pressure
  • FIG. 4a to FIG. 4c shows cross-sections through a waste layer before, during and after treatment by the process according to FIG. 2 to 3;
  • FIG. 5 shows the production of an intermediate covering by pouring a free-flowing and subsequently solidifying layer on top
  • FIG. 6 shows an intermediate seal based on compressed waste blocks or waste slabs.
  • the dump shown in FIG. 1 consists of a lower waste layer 1, which is covered by an intermediate seal 2, and a subsequent upper waste layer 3, the surface of which is covered with plastic sheets 4, laid to overlap in the form of roofing tiles, or welded plastic webs 5.
  • the waste layers 1 and 3 have, for example, a thickness of 10 m and consist of, for example, special wastes of dump class 5.
  • the intermediate seal 2 consists of a combination of a plastic covering 6 with a drainage layer 7 on top.
  • the plastic covering 6 of the intermediate seal 2 has the same structure as the upper intermediate covering which consists of plastic sheets 4 or plastic webs 5 and has not yet been covered with further wastes.
  • the material used is high pressure polyethylene (HDPE).
  • the thickness of the webs or sheets is, for example, 2 mm.
  • knobs 8 are stamped in the plastic sheets 4 or plastic webs 5.
  • the thickness of the plant substrate layer is, for example, 40 mm.
  • Mechanical stability can be increased by admixing up to 5% of bentonite. Rough and porous rocks in the same particle size range are also suitable as material for the plant substrate layer 7.
  • a drainage layer of this type is applied in each case to the upper intermediate seal consisting of plastic sheets 4 or plastic webs 5 and not yet covered with wastes.
  • the drainage layer 7 is provided with anchoring points.
  • the rainwater or seepage water collects at the lowest point 9 of the intermediate seal 2 or of the surface covering 4, 5 and can be fed to a seepage water or rainwater disposal system.
  • the plastic covering 4, 5 had to be removed before the dump was put into operation again, so that it could not perform the function of an intermediate seal.
  • mineral layers for the intermediate seal, the said mineral layers being produced by infiltration of finely divided, hardenable, water-insoluble suspensions.
  • a mineral sealing layer is obtained, for example, when a finely divided clay suspension to which binders, such as waterglass, have been added is infiltrated into a layer of fine procesed building rubble or mineral material resembling building rubble or excavated earth.
  • Silica sol has proved particularly suitable as a water-soluble binder, sealant and stabilizer.
  • the infiltration can be effected according to FIG. 2 with the aid of a vacuum lance 11 connected to a vacuum pump 10.
  • the sealing suspension 12 is then poured onto the surface of the above-mentioned porous mineral sealing layer 13, which, for example, is applied to the upper waste layer 3, and, as a result of the reduced pressure, is sucked into the intermediate spaces 14 of the porous mineral waste layer 13.
  • these areas are advantageously temporarily covered with a protective film 14.
  • FIG. 4a shows the porous waste layer 13 with the intermediate spaces 15 before the treatment
  • FIG. 4b shows this waste layer during the treatment, in which the upper intermediate spaces are filled with the initially free-flowing sealing suspension 12, which then solidifies to form the solid mineral sealing layer 16 (FIG. 4c).
  • the sealing suspension 12 can be forced with the aid of an inverted pressure bell 17 with a connected compressor 18 into the mineral waste layer 13.
  • the surface of the mineral intermediate seal 13 may additionally be sealed with an inert layer 19 having a thickness of, for example, 2 mm and consisting of waterglass, silica sol or other binders (see FIG. 4c).
  • another method for producing a mineral intermediate seal 16 consists in pumping a free-flowing, highly concentrated suspension of fine particles of the materials building rubble, minerals resembling building rubble or excavated earth, to which binders have been added, onto the waste layer 1 by means of a fan jet 20 and sludge pump 21.
  • the free-flowing layer applied in this manner then solidifies to the finished sealing layer, which has the same function as the plastic covering of the dump according to FIG. 1 or the mineral, binder-impregnated sealing layer according to FIG. 4c.
  • the surface of the sealing layer 22 which has been poured on can in turn be sealed with an inert substrate, which is then provided with structures in a similar manner to surfaces according to FIG. 1, in order to improve the static friction of the subsequent drainage layer 7.
  • Another variant of the production of the intermediate seal is based on the use of slabs or blocks of finely divided building rubble, minerals resembling building rubble and/or excavated earth, the said slabs or blocks being compressed under high pressure and compacted by means of a binder.
  • slabs or blocks are advantageously produced by means of hydraulic presses at pressures of 10 bar to 300 bar.
  • the slabs or blocks 23 are then laid on the surface of the waste layer 1, in the form of building blocks (left half of the Figure) or in the form of roofing tiles (right half of the Figure).
  • the joints between the slabs or blocks 23 can be sealed by infiltration of a finely divided, hardening suspension by the method described with the aid of FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the intermediate seal is covered with a drainage layer 7 before further waste layers are deposited.
  • the seepage water occurring in an intermediate seal is removed in each case via a pipe to a disposal system.
  • This gives a multibarrier system which prevents seepage water from penetrating into the body of the dump, occupies a small volume and at the same time permits monitoring and disposal of seepage water penetrating into the dump and hence ensures high ecological safety.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
US07/441,724 1988-12-15 1989-11-27 Process for the intermediate sealing of dumps Expired - Fee Related US4973196A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19883842212 DE3842212A1 (de) 1988-12-15 1988-12-15 Verfahren zur zwischenabdichtung von deponien
DE3842212 1988-12-15

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US (1) US4973196A (fr)
EP (1) EP0373459B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH02194886A (fr)
AT (1) ATE118383T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR8906449A (fr)
CA (1) CA2005338A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3842212A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2067521T3 (fr)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5092709A (en) * 1990-09-07 1992-03-03 Steetley Quarry Products Ltd. Landfill site with leachate collection
US5137393A (en) * 1990-03-19 1992-08-11 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement for covering inclined loose material surfaces
US5161915A (en) * 1991-03-25 1992-11-10 Landfill Service Corporation Synthetic cover for waste piles
US5180251A (en) * 1990-06-12 1993-01-19 Paurat F Underground protection underneath a dump
US5199816A (en) * 1990-06-12 1993-04-06 Paurat F System for isolating a dump
US5201609A (en) * 1991-07-23 1993-04-13 Johnson Research And Development Corp. Cellular landfill process and apparatus
US5286430A (en) * 1988-06-24 1994-02-15 Rolite, Inc. Incineration residue treatment process
US5288171A (en) * 1992-04-20 1994-02-22 Recovermat Technologies, Inc. Method of recycling construction and demolition debris
US5314266A (en) * 1992-04-20 1994-05-24 Recovermat Technologies, Inc. Method of recycling construction and demolition debris
US5385429A (en) * 1991-03-25 1995-01-31 Landfill Service Corporation Synthetic cover for waste
US5403118A (en) * 1992-12-04 1995-04-04 Davis; Michael K. Optimum water retention system for use in agricultural fields
US5558461A (en) * 1992-03-10 1996-09-24 Arvado Patent B.V. Tubular gutter system
US5602349A (en) * 1994-10-14 1997-02-11 The University Of Washington Sample introduction system for a flow cytometer
US5849364A (en) * 1989-05-10 1998-12-15 New Waste Concepts, Inc. Self-foaming sprayable composition
US5863153A (en) * 1993-11-09 1999-01-26 Geohess (Uk) Limited Waste treatment
US5975801A (en) * 1997-12-18 1999-11-02 Burns, Sr.; Richard S. Process for producing a product for use as an alternative cover material for landfills and systems
US6096373A (en) * 1989-05-10 2000-08-01 Nachtman; Thomas J. Sprayable composition and method for forming a foamed outdoor protective cover layer
US6857824B2 (en) * 2001-10-18 2005-02-22 Akzo Nobel N.V. Sealing composition and its use
US20050220542A1 (en) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-06 Marsh Danny L Landfill cover composition and method
EP1874492A2 (fr) * 2005-03-29 2008-01-09 Richard L. Aho Procede de transformation par digestion aerobie
WO2008061294A1 (fr) * 2006-11-20 2008-05-29 Grant Lloyd Lacey Structures et procédé de couverture de décharges

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DE4102450C2 (de) * 1991-01-28 1995-03-30 Wue Umwelt Engineering Gmbh Ortsveränderliche Überdachung für Deponien
DE4102405C2 (de) * 1991-01-28 1994-02-10 Heinrich Weseloh Fa Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Deponie und Deponieanlage
DE10001276A1 (de) * 2000-01-14 2001-07-26 Lutz Bilke Mineralische Oberflächen- und Zwischenabdichtungssysteme für Deponien und Absicherung von Altlastenstandorten unter Verwendung von industriellen Abfallstoffen und Verfahren zur Herstellung, Aufbereitung und Einbau dieser

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US4768897A (en) * 1984-12-08 1988-09-06 Ed. Z3 blin Aktiengesellschaft Covering for waste depositories

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US3586624A (en) * 1970-03-02 1971-06-22 Werner Co Waste disposal method and system
US3705851A (en) * 1971-11-15 1972-12-12 Robert C Brauer Waste disposal system
US4519338A (en) * 1983-10-20 1985-05-28 Sanifoam, Inc. Apparatus and method for applying a foam layer to cover and seal dumped waste
US4565468A (en) * 1983-10-24 1986-01-21 Crawford Leslie A Moisture impervient barrier and method for making same
US4768897A (en) * 1984-12-08 1988-09-06 Ed. Z3 blin Aktiengesellschaft Covering for waste depositories
US4696599A (en) * 1986-07-14 1987-09-29 Waste Resource Associates, Inc. Secure landfill and method of operating a landfill for hazardous waste

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5286430A (en) * 1988-06-24 1994-02-15 Rolite, Inc. Incineration residue treatment process
US5849364A (en) * 1989-05-10 1998-12-15 New Waste Concepts, Inc. Self-foaming sprayable composition
US6096373A (en) * 1989-05-10 2000-08-01 Nachtman; Thomas J. Sprayable composition and method for forming a foamed outdoor protective cover layer
US5137393A (en) * 1990-03-19 1992-08-11 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement for covering inclined loose material surfaces
US5180251A (en) * 1990-06-12 1993-01-19 Paurat F Underground protection underneath a dump
US5199816A (en) * 1990-06-12 1993-04-06 Paurat F System for isolating a dump
US5092709A (en) * 1990-09-07 1992-03-03 Steetley Quarry Products Ltd. Landfill site with leachate collection
US5385429A (en) * 1991-03-25 1995-01-31 Landfill Service Corporation Synthetic cover for waste
US5161915A (en) * 1991-03-25 1992-11-10 Landfill Service Corporation Synthetic cover for waste piles
US5201609A (en) * 1991-07-23 1993-04-13 Johnson Research And Development Corp. Cellular landfill process and apparatus
US5558461A (en) * 1992-03-10 1996-09-24 Arvado Patent B.V. Tubular gutter system
US5288171A (en) * 1992-04-20 1994-02-22 Recovermat Technologies, Inc. Method of recycling construction and demolition debris
US5314266A (en) * 1992-04-20 1994-05-24 Recovermat Technologies, Inc. Method of recycling construction and demolition debris
US5403118A (en) * 1992-12-04 1995-04-04 Davis; Michael K. Optimum water retention system for use in agricultural fields
US5863153A (en) * 1993-11-09 1999-01-26 Geohess (Uk) Limited Waste treatment
US5602349A (en) * 1994-10-14 1997-02-11 The University Of Washington Sample introduction system for a flow cytometer
US5975801A (en) * 1997-12-18 1999-11-02 Burns, Sr.; Richard S. Process for producing a product for use as an alternative cover material for landfills and systems
US6857824B2 (en) * 2001-10-18 2005-02-22 Akzo Nobel N.V. Sealing composition and its use
US6869256B2 (en) * 2001-10-18 2005-03-22 Akzo Nobel N.V. Sealing composition and its use
US20050220542A1 (en) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-06 Marsh Danny L Landfill cover composition and method
EP1874492A2 (fr) * 2005-03-29 2008-01-09 Richard L. Aho Procede de transformation par digestion aerobie
EP1874492A4 (fr) * 2005-03-29 2010-03-17 Richard L Aho Procede de transformation par digestion aerobie
WO2008061294A1 (fr) * 2006-11-20 2008-05-29 Grant Lloyd Lacey Structures et procédé de couverture de décharges
US20100047020A1 (en) * 2006-11-20 2010-02-25 Grant Lloyd Lacey Structures and method for covering landfill
US8052349B2 (en) 2006-11-20 2011-11-08 Grant Lloyd Lacey Structures and method for covering landfill
CN101622079B (zh) * 2006-11-20 2012-07-04 格兰特·劳埃德·莱西 覆盖填埋场的结构和方法

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EP0373459A1 (fr) 1990-06-20
DE3842212A1 (de) 1990-06-21
ES2067521T3 (es) 1995-04-01
EP0373459B1 (fr) 1995-02-15
JPH02194886A (ja) 1990-08-01
BR8906449A (pt) 1990-08-28
ATE118383T1 (de) 1995-03-15
CA2005338A1 (fr) 1990-06-15

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