US4881344A - Sleeve for plant germination substrate - Google Patents

Sleeve for plant germination substrate Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US4881344A
US4881344A US07/316,087 US31608789A US4881344A US 4881344 A US4881344 A US 4881344A US 31608789 A US31608789 A US 31608789A US 4881344 A US4881344 A US 4881344A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
sleeve
fertilizer
binding agent
fiber material
fungicide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US07/316,087
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English (en)
Inventor
Gunter Frey
Rudolf Wagner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carl Freudenberg KG
Original Assignee
Carl Freudenberg KG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carl Freudenberg KG filed Critical Carl Freudenberg KG
Assigned to FIRMA CARL FREUDENBERG, reassignment FIRMA CARL FREUDENBERG, ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: FREY, GUNTER, WAGNER, RUDOLF
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4881344A publication Critical patent/US4881344A/en
Assigned to CARL FREUDENBERG KG reassignment CARL FREUDENBERG KG CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FREUDENBERG, FIRMA CARL
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a novel tubular sleeve adapted to contain a substrate for plant germination, said sleeve consisting of a nonwoven, bonded fiber material of 15 to 50 g/m 2 treated with amounts of 0.1 to 3 g/m 2 of a fungicide and comprising a fertilizer.
  • the overlapping longitudinal edges are glued with a dispersion adhesive on a runner heated to 350° to 400° C. to form a tube.
  • a shearing device sections 40 to 130 mm long are severed from the horizontally lying tube, the substrate is seeded and covered with chips of substrate or wood to retard drying.
  • Conventional tubes have a diameter of 15 to 30 mm.
  • the seeded tube sections or cartridges are then placed into containers called flats, and cultivated in greenhouses for up to about 2 months, depending on the type of plant. During this germination phase the roots penetrate the sleeve material. Then the seedling are transplanted or shipped.
  • the sleeve material is strong enough for the transplanting operation; afterward it rots away so as not to interfere with further growth.
  • this method of germination saves time and substrate in comparison with conventional methods, and provides a cost advantage over manual methods.
  • the smaller space which the tube sections occupy permits a high productivity per unit area, and lighter shipping weight and bulk are achieved.
  • the uniform and stable substrate cartridges allow their easy removal from the germination flats, thus permitting automated transplanting. At the same time, gentle handling of the plants and root balls is assured. In a free-standing pot, very good formation of the seedlings is achieved.
  • the method described above calls for certain processing and cultivation requirements.
  • the sleeve must be rot-proof, that is, sufficiently stable in a moist environment. After transplanting or shipment and transportation the sleeve material must rot rapidly without additional chemical treatment, so as not to interfere with further root development and plant growth. It must not produce any residues harmful to the plant.
  • the sleeve is to hold the roots together without, however, constituting an impenetrable barrier for the roots; that is, sufficient porosity and good wet strength are required of the material.
  • the ability to retain moisture is important (high water absorbency).
  • the common specific weights of sleeve materials consisting of paper or nonwovens amount to 15 to 50 g/m 2 .
  • the sleeve material To prevent fungal attack (mildew formation) the sleeve material must be treated with a fungicide. This treatment also prevents the premature decomposition of the sleeve when it has to be stored for long periods of time before actual use.
  • the gluing of the sleeve with dispersion adhesives on the heated runner requires a short-term heat stability up to 40020 C.
  • the seam In the case of seaming of thermoplastic sheet material without a dispersion adhesive, the seam must be tight and long-lasting.
  • the fungicidal preparations heretofore used made it unnecessary to add them to the sprinkling water, but they have proved to be unstable during the heating of the seams, so that the entire seam area became subject to fungus attack.
  • the sleeve materials heretofore used were mainly cigarette papers which have too little wet strength. Teabag papers and coffee filters have insufficient life, that is, their decomposition in the moist substrate by humic acid, bacteria and fungi takes place very quickly. Nonwovens of primarily polyester or polypropylene fibers produce only insufficiently tight seams when the sleeve is made with dispersion adhesives.
  • Fiber casing papers made of cellulosic fibers which are bonded with wet-strengthening agents are already in use in the vegetable sector. They withstand the short germination phases common in that sector, but they fail due to marked decomposition within 5 to 8 weeks. Production of such substrate cartridges for stock is not possible.
  • a sleeve for substrate cartridges having a tubular shape and being composed of a nonwoven, bonded fiber material which contains 50 to 80 wt.-% of cellulose fibers, 10 to 40 wt.-% of synthetic fibers with a size of 1.3 to 17 dtex, and 10 to 30 wt.-% of a fiber binding agent; is treated with amounts of 0.1 to 3 g/m 2 of a fungicide and with a polymer mass; has a porosity of 1000 to 1600 liters per second per square meter (air passage at 1.0 mbar); and additionally contains 10 to 50 grams per square meter of a slow-release fertilizer with a grain size of less than 80 microns embedded in the polymer mass.
  • the high cellulose fiber content of at least 50 wt.-% contributes to the stability at elevated temperature. Cellulose fiber contents above 80%, however, would cause the sleeve to rot too quickly (excessively short life).
  • the porosity measured at 1.0 mbar of air pressure, can easily be adjusted by experimentally mixing with synthetic fibers of a size of 1.3 to 17 dtex. Porosities of 1000 to 1600 1/s.m 2 have proved to be an ideal range.
  • the main point of the present invention is the presence of 10 to 50 g/m 2 of a slow-release fertilizer embedded in the polymer mass.
  • the fertilizer For incorporation into the sleeve material the fertilizer must have particle diameters below 80 microns in order to obtain pastes, dispersions or coating compositions for handling by machine.
  • Water-soluble fertilizers encapsulated in a covering which is insoluble in water the covering becomes more permeable with time due to biological processes, so that fertilizer can diffuse through it.
  • the fiber can be consolidated with conventional binding agents; suitable for this purpose are ethylene-vinyl acetate, acrylate, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl amide, starch, cellulose derivatives, epichlorhydrin resins, melamine formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde resins, individually or in combination.
  • the amount to be applied should be 3 to 25 g/m 2 .
  • a binding agent which has been found to be especially desirable is composed of a highly cross-linked acrylate and/or formaldehyde resin without an acid cross-linking catalyst, since the latter would undesirably catalyze thermal degradation during seaming.
  • the selection of this binding agent thus surprisingly solves the temperature problems in making the seams (seam weakening due to degradation no longer occurs).
  • the nonwoven fabric or paper to be used in makig the substrate sleeve in accordance with the present invention can be made by the dry or the wet process by known methods.
  • the best synthetic fibers are those made from polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacetate or polyamide, provided they have a size between 1.3 and 17 dtex in order to achieve the appropriate porosity.
  • the binding agent is a polyvinyl chloride or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer which can be hot-sealed at 140° to 250° C.
  • the sheet material can thus be made into a tubular sleeve without additional adhesive.
  • the sleeve material contains, as the binding agent, thermoplastic heatsealable fibers on a copolyester or PVC basis having adhesive properties at 140° to 250° C. These fibers are present in the polymer mass in an amount of 10 to 30 percent by weight.
  • fungicide and the fertilizer are advantageous to incorporate into the binding agent serving as the polymer mass.
  • Conventional methods of application are also possible, but not preferred, such as printing, soaking or spraying. 10 to 50 g/m 2 of the fertilizer and 0.1 to 3 g/m 2 of the fungicide have been found to be ideal amounts to apply.
  • Suitable known fungicides are inorganic copper compounds, sorbates, thiocarbamates and other sulfur-nitrogen heterocyclic substances.
  • the amount of fertilizer to be used depends upon the kind of plant to be germinated, and hence upon the time required for germination. We have found it to be especially advantageous to apply the slow-release fertilizer, incorporated uniformly into a polymeric composition of hydroxyethylcellulose or polyacrylic acid, in a dot pattern onto the fiber surface (stencil printing). A full-surface application, such as coating by brushing, caused the product to stiffen, which had a disadvantageous effect in the subsequent processing step.
  • Slow-release fertilizers of the low-solubility class are especially suitable, particularly those based on crotonylidene diurea, such as triabon, a commercial product of BASF.
  • Copper(II) oxychloride and calcium sorbate have proved especially resistant to seaming temperatures of up to 400° C.
  • the present invention also has the following advantages: From the processing point of view, there is no more critical substrate mixture. Substrate mixtures of the specifically heavier fertilizer and the specifically lighter substrate could no longer be made sufficiently uniform.
  • the cultivational advantages reside in that, as germination begins, no salts, for instance fertilizers, come in contact with the seedling.
  • the seed is about 1 cm away from the active coating, that is, from the sleeve containing the fertilizer.
  • the fertilizer reaches the seed after a period of time and thus satisfies the requirement cited above.
  • the slow-release property of the sleeve thus permits a germination system in which no aqueous fertilizer needs to be sprayed on the seedlings.
  • a wet nonwoven fabric was made from 15.4 g/m 2 of bleached cellulose fibers and 6.6 g/m 2 of polyacrylonitrile fibers of a staple length of 12 mm and a size of 1.7 dtex by opening the fibers in the pulper, mixing and dispersing them in water to dilution of 0.03%, draining and depositing the fibers on a sloping screen, preliminary consolidation by contactless application of 3.8 g/m 2 of acrylate binding agent and 0.2 g/m 2 of melamine formaldehyde resin, followed by drying and cross-linking in a moving air dryer at 180° to 190° C., rebonding by application of 0.96 g/m 2 of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.08 g/m 2 of melamine formaldehyde resin containing cooper(II) oxychloride suspended therein as the fungicide, drying and cross-linking at 180° to 190° C. as above.
  • crotonylidene diurea and the thickener hydroxyethylcellulose were aspirated into an evacuated mixer in which water had been placed beforehand, and the mixture was stirred in a vacuum so as to drive out air and gases and obtain a uniform mixture having a viscosity of 10,000 cP.
  • the mixture was then applied in dots to the surface of the nonwoven material in the amount of 36 g/m 2 by means of a stencil, and the stenciled material was dried at 150° C.
  • the resulting sheet material was transferred to a special machine which is derived from the machine used in making cigarette paper sleeves. It was cut into strips and formed into sleeves with a 20 mm inside diameter and overlapping longitudinal edges. Each sleeve rested in a horizontal channel and was filled with substrate by means of metering apparatus. This was followed by the bonding together of the overlapping longitudinal edges by brief contact with a runner heated at 350° to 400° C. The filled sleeve was then cut into substrate cartridges 100 mm long which were seeded and covered with substrate.
  • the seams exhibited no blackening of any kind.
  • the fertilizer was present, ready for use, in the sleeve and did not have to be added afterwards by the user.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Fertilizing (AREA)
US07/316,087 1988-03-12 1989-02-27 Sleeve for plant germination substrate Expired - Lifetime US4881344A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3808320 1988-03-12
DE3808320A DE3808320C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1988-03-12 1988-03-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4881344A true US4881344A (en) 1989-11-21

Family

ID=6349594

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US07/316,087 Expired - Lifetime US4881344A (en) 1988-03-12 1989-02-27 Sleeve for plant germination substrate

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4881344A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0332733B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPH0661187B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU594895B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE3808320C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES2022545B3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2245555A (en) * 1990-06-30 1992-01-08 Fisons Plc Horticultural material
US5575112A (en) * 1991-07-09 1996-11-19 Texel Inc. Method for controlling the growth of plant roots
US5651214A (en) * 1995-06-08 1997-07-29 Zucker; William V. Biodegradable seed pod germination system
US5794550A (en) * 1996-09-24 1998-08-18 Chadwick; Galen John Implantation of a fixed water/nutrient gel
EP1072186A3 (de) * 1999-07-29 2002-10-30 Sandler AG Pflanzsubstrat
US20030145517A1 (en) * 2002-01-11 2003-08-07 Miller Charles E. Fibrous product containing plant seed
US20030150556A1 (en) * 2002-01-11 2003-08-14 Miller Charles E. Fibrous product containing plant seed
US6678996B1 (en) * 1999-04-14 2004-01-20 Visser's-Gravendeel Holding B.V. Composition of rigid growing substrate and method of producing same
NL1026356C2 (nl) * 2004-06-08 2005-12-09 Vlist Lab For Micropropagation Kweekeenheid voor het opkweken van een plant, en het vervaardigen en gebruik daarvan.
US20080222951A1 (en) * 2007-03-16 2008-09-18 Sadepan Chimica S.R.L. Organic fiber sowing vessels and pots for seedlings and plants and making method therefor
US20090272033A1 (en) * 2008-05-05 2009-11-05 Paleari Ronald Irineu Biodegradable seed germinating pods for seedlings
US7825067B1 (en) 2005-01-05 2010-11-02 Dalen Products, Inc. Perforated landscaping film with discretely applied weed control agent
US20110041402A1 (en) * 2007-08-10 2011-02-24 Nuplant Pty Ltd Plant propagation transfer method
US20110135856A1 (en) * 2009-12-07 2011-06-09 Susan Bell Paper-based plant pot, and blank for making same
CN103819291A (zh) * 2013-08-14 2014-05-28 济南大化齐鲁化工有限公司 一种含氮47%以上的高效氮肥及其制备方法

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8814790U1 (de) * 1988-11-28 1989-01-26 Schob, Ingeborg, 2850 Bremerhaven Verschließbarer Treibbehälter für Zimmerpflanzen
CA2046578A1 (en) * 1991-07-09 1993-01-10 Gerard Scheubel Fabric containing insoluble copper salts for use in controlling growth of plant roots
DE4234737A1 (de) * 1991-11-07 1993-05-13 Wibmer U Co Kg Papier Formtech Pflanztopf
DE9113876U1 (de) * 1991-11-07 1992-01-09 Wibmer + Co Kg, 7401 Pliezhausen Pflanztopf
JP2895744B2 (ja) * 1993-07-05 1999-05-24 鐘紡株式会社 植物生育用支持体および植物の栽培方法
DE4412833A1 (de) * 1994-04-14 1995-10-19 Bayer Ag Insektizide Düngemischungen
FR2720222B1 (fr) * 1994-05-24 1996-07-05 Joel Palluet Conteneur pour la culture de plants et son procédé de fabrication.
DE10350973B4 (de) * 2003-10-30 2013-12-19 Rehau Ag + Co. Rohr
CN105237165A (zh) * 2015-09-15 2016-01-13 江苏锦宇环境工程有限公司 一种可生物降解化肥防结块剂的制备方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2688209A (en) * 1952-01-24 1954-09-07 Bird & Son Plant container
US2728169A (en) * 1952-12-05 1955-12-27 Spengler Plant pot
US3901838A (en) * 1972-07-28 1975-08-26 Union Carbide Corp Environmentally degradable biodegradable blends of a dialkanoyl polymer and an environmentally degradable ethylene polymer
US4016678A (en) * 1974-01-24 1977-04-12 Conwed Corporation Seedling transplant containers
US4333265A (en) * 1980-03-13 1982-06-08 Arnold Richard L Air drop planting system and improved planting device for same
US4369599A (en) * 1978-02-09 1983-01-25 Association Foret-Cellulose Cultivation balls
US4517764A (en) * 1982-02-22 1985-05-21 Gravi-Mechanics Chain of soil plugs and a process for producing a chain of soil plugs

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DE1611734A1 (de) * 1968-03-13 1971-01-21 Rudolf Mueltin Verfahren zur Herstellung von verrottbaren Behaeltern fuer Pflanzen
JPS5381341A (en) * 1976-12-26 1978-07-18 Takemi Momo Manufacture of cultured mat
JPS5937448B2 (ja) * 1977-07-20 1984-09-10 富士通株式会社 室温動作形赤外線検知器
ES518095A0 (es) * 1981-12-11 1984-06-01 Wiggins Teape Group Ltd Un procedimiento para fabricar tiestos.
US4584790A (en) * 1984-11-06 1986-04-29 Gaughen Thomas P Seed mat and method and apparatus for manufacturing it
JPS61115421A (ja) * 1984-11-12 1986-06-03 中外製薬株式会社 育苗箱用シ−ト
US4786550A (en) * 1985-05-06 1988-11-22 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Meltblown and coform materials having application as seed beds
DE3777006D1 (de) * 1986-07-29 1992-04-09 Oji Paper Co Papier fuer die landwirtschaft und verfahren zu dessen herstellung.
AU2094788A (en) * 1987-08-14 1989-02-16 William James Lines Degradable plant containers

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2688209A (en) * 1952-01-24 1954-09-07 Bird & Son Plant container
US2728169A (en) * 1952-12-05 1955-12-27 Spengler Plant pot
US3901838A (en) * 1972-07-28 1975-08-26 Union Carbide Corp Environmentally degradable biodegradable blends of a dialkanoyl polymer and an environmentally degradable ethylene polymer
US4016678A (en) * 1974-01-24 1977-04-12 Conwed Corporation Seedling transplant containers
US4369599A (en) * 1978-02-09 1983-01-25 Association Foret-Cellulose Cultivation balls
US4333265A (en) * 1980-03-13 1982-06-08 Arnold Richard L Air drop planting system and improved planting device for same
US4517764A (en) * 1982-02-22 1985-05-21 Gravi-Mechanics Chain of soil plugs and a process for producing a chain of soil plugs

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2245555B (en) * 1990-06-30 1994-04-27 Fisons Plc Horticultural material
GB2245555A (en) * 1990-06-30 1992-01-08 Fisons Plc Horticultural material
US5575112A (en) * 1991-07-09 1996-11-19 Texel Inc. Method for controlling the growth of plant roots
US5651214A (en) * 1995-06-08 1997-07-29 Zucker; William V. Biodegradable seed pod germination system
US5794550A (en) * 1996-09-24 1998-08-18 Chadwick; Galen John Implantation of a fixed water/nutrient gel
US6678996B1 (en) * 1999-04-14 2004-01-20 Visser's-Gravendeel Holding B.V. Composition of rigid growing substrate and method of producing same
EP1072186A3 (de) * 1999-07-29 2002-10-30 Sandler AG Pflanzsubstrat
US20030145517A1 (en) * 2002-01-11 2003-08-07 Miller Charles E. Fibrous product containing plant seed
US20030150556A1 (en) * 2002-01-11 2003-08-14 Miller Charles E. Fibrous product containing plant seed
NL1026356C2 (nl) * 2004-06-08 2005-12-09 Vlist Lab For Micropropagation Kweekeenheid voor het opkweken van een plant, en het vervaardigen en gebruik daarvan.
US7825067B1 (en) 2005-01-05 2010-11-02 Dalen Products, Inc. Perforated landscaping film with discretely applied weed control agent
US20080222951A1 (en) * 2007-03-16 2008-09-18 Sadepan Chimica S.R.L. Organic fiber sowing vessels and pots for seedlings and plants and making method therefor
JP2008289469A (ja) * 2007-03-16 2008-12-04 Sadepan Chimica Srl 苗木と植物用有機繊維種蒔き容器と鉢及びその製造方法
US20110041402A1 (en) * 2007-08-10 2011-02-24 Nuplant Pty Ltd Plant propagation transfer method
AU2008286685B2 (en) * 2007-08-10 2013-10-03 Nuplant Pty Ltd Plant propagation transfer method
US20090272033A1 (en) * 2008-05-05 2009-11-05 Paleari Ronald Irineu Biodegradable seed germinating pods for seedlings
US20110135856A1 (en) * 2009-12-07 2011-06-09 Susan Bell Paper-based plant pot, and blank for making same
US8329268B2 (en) 2009-12-07 2012-12-11 Sonoco Development, Inc. Paper-based plant pot, and blank for making same
CN103819291A (zh) * 2013-08-14 2014-05-28 济南大化齐鲁化工有限公司 一种含氮47%以上的高效氮肥及其制备方法
CN103819291B (zh) * 2013-08-14 2016-01-20 济南大化齐鲁化工有限公司 一种含氮47%以上的高效氮肥及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0332733A1 (de) 1989-09-20
DE3862935D1 (de) 1991-06-27
JPH01240121A (ja) 1989-09-25
AU594895B2 (en) 1990-03-15
ES2022545B3 (es) 1991-12-01
JPH0661187B2 (ja) 1994-08-17
DE3808320C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1988-09-01
EP0332733B1 (de) 1991-05-22
AU2371788A (en) 1989-09-14

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