US4520856A - Radial tire for heavy loads - Google Patents

Radial tire for heavy loads Download PDF

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Publication number
US4520856A
US4520856A US06/581,236 US58123684A US4520856A US 4520856 A US4520856 A US 4520856A US 58123684 A US58123684 A US 58123684A US 4520856 A US4520856 A US 4520856A
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United States
Prior art keywords
ply
cables
tire
fact
additional
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Expired - Lifetime
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US06/581,236
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English (en)
Inventor
Jean Pommier, deceased
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
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Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
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Assigned to COMPAGNIE GENERALE DES ETABLISSEMENTS MICHELIN, A FRENCH CORP reassignment COMPAGNIE GENERALE DES ETABLISSEMENTS MICHELIN, A FRENCH CORP ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: POMMIER, ALAIN G., SOLE HEIR OF JEAN POMMIER, DECEASED
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
    • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
    • B60C9/28—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers characterised by the belt or breaker dimensions or curvature relative to carcass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T152/00—Resilient tires and wheels
    • Y10T152/10—Tires, resilient
    • Y10T152/10495—Pneumatic tire or inner tube
    • Y10T152/10765—Characterized by belt or breaker structure
    • Y10T152/1081—Breaker or belt characterized by the chemical composition or physical properties of elastomer or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns tires having a carcass reinforcement formed of at least one ply of radial cables anchored to at least one bead ring in each bead and a tread reinforcement arranged radially outward of the carcass reinforcement and approximately parallel to the latter along an area centered on the equator, which tread reinforcement is formed of at least two plies of cables which are parallel in each ply and crossed from one ply to the other, one tread ply being wider than the other or others.
  • the tread reinforcement of radial tires comprises essentially two crossed plies, preferably of cables of slight elongation, forming small angles with respect to the circumferential direction of the tire.
  • These two essential plies have been given the name of working plies.
  • the latter may also contain a ply which is more strongly inclined to the circumferential direction, thus triangulating the working plies, and arranged radially inwards of them.
  • protective plies of elastic cables can be arranged radially outward of the said basic reinforcement.
  • one of the two working plies is wider than the other, except in the event that one of these working plies has its edges turned over around the ends of the other.
  • the portions of the wider working ply which protrude beyond the other working ply have essentially the function of providing a transition zone between the rigid portion of the tread reinforcement and the rest of the crown of the tire.
  • the width of the active (rigidified) portion of the tread reinforcement coincides with the width of the narrower of the two working plies. For this reason, it is agreed to call this working ply the active ply, the other working ply being accordingly referred to as the additional ply.
  • French Pat. No. 2,452,390 (U.S. Pat. No. 4,282,917) provides a width of active ply which is between 55%, for an aspect ratio H/B of the tire close to 1, and 85%, for an aspect ratio H/B of the tire close to 0.5, of the maximum axial width B of the tire, H being the radial height of the tire on the wheel rim.
  • the additional ply is generally arranged radially inward of the active ply and its width ordinarily exceeds that of the active ply by 10% to 25%.
  • the heating is maximum at the location of the ends of the additional ply and of the rubber mix contained between these ends and the carcass reinforcement, which corresponds to the maximum thickness of the radial section of the tire. When the load, the pressure and the speed are different from those for which the tire has been designed, this heating reaches or exceeds the critical value beyond which the life of the tire is jeopardized. The rubber mix surrounding the ends of the additional ply starts to be destroyed.
  • This degradation continues both in the direction towards the carcass reinforcement and in the direction towards the ends of the active ply, from where it can propagate in the direction towards the equatorial plane and/or reach the adjacent tread plies, particularly when the tire in question is used on rough ground, for instance off the road.
  • the problem consists in decreasing the vulnerability of large and very large carrier tires of the type in question--particularly when they are traveling off the road--to higher loads and/or speeds without decreasing the active width of the assembly consisting of the two working plies.
  • the invention relates to a tire for heavy and very heavy carrier vehicles, possibly traveling off the road, having a carcass reinforcement formed of at least one ply of radial cables anchored to at least one bead ring in each bead and a tread reinforcement comprising essentially two superimposed plies, known as working plies, formed of cables of low extensibility which are parallel in each ply and crossed from one ply to the other, forming acute angles with the circumferential direction of the tire, these plies being, on the one hand, of different axial widths so that the axially narrowest ply has a width less than that of the tread and, on the other hand, parallel to the carcass reinforcement along a zone of parallelism of a width less than that of the narrowest ply, the carcass reinforcement following its natural equilibrium meridian profile approximately from the edges of the zone where the two tread plies are parallel to the carcass reinforcement up to at least the points where the latter reaches its maximum axial width, characterized by the fact that:
  • the cables of the narrowest working ply when the tire is mounted on its rim and uninflated, form, as known per se, an angle of between 15° and 35° with the equatorial plane of the tire;
  • the other working ply known as an additional ply, has an axial width between 1.05 times the axial width of the tread and 1.1 times the maximum axial width of the carcass reinforcement;
  • the cables of the additional ply form with the equatorial plane of the tire an angle ⁇ o greater than and of opposite direction to that of the cables of the active ply and being between 25° and 65°;
  • the cables of the additional ply follow a geodesic path from one edge to the other of said ply;
  • ⁇ designates the angle which is formed by the tangent to the trace of the additional ply at the running point of radius R' with a line parallel to the axis of rotation of the tire;
  • R' e is between 0.8 and 1.2 times the radius of the point of the carcass reinforcement where the latter reaches its maximum axial width;
  • R' s is the radius of the point where ⁇ is equal to zero; the radii R', R' e and R' s are measured from the axis of rotation of the tire;
  • the cables of the additional ply in accordance with the invention are arranged, along geodesic paths, on a profiled member of rubber mix which separates them from the carcass reinforcement.
  • the result is that each cable is arranged at every point in a plane normal to the profiled member and is subjected by the inflation of the tire only to stresses which are normal to the geodesic path.
  • This has the advantage that the curvature of the cable increases gradually in the direction towards its ends without ever decreasing and that the cable is subjected to a constant tension.
  • the invention covers the following preferred variants:
  • the active ply is arranged radially outwards of the additional ply.
  • R is the radius with respect to the axis of rotation of the tire from the point of the neutral fiber of the radial carcass reinforcement where the tangent to the natural equilibrium meridian profile followed by this neutral fiber forms an angle ⁇ with a line parallel to the axis of rotation of the tire passing through this point
  • R e is the radius of the point where the radial carcass reinforcement reaches its greatest axial width
  • R s is the radius of the point where the natural equilibrium meridian profile or its theoretical extension has a tangent parallel to the axis of rotation of the tire.
  • the tangent to the neutral fiber of the radial carcass reinforcement is parallel to the tangents to the working plies.
  • the additional ply has at least one folded edge when the tread is provided, at least in the corresponding marginal zone, with oblique or transverse blocks separated by deep wide grooves.
  • the folded portion preferably has a width of between 10% and 30% of the edge-to-edge developed width of the additional ply as seen in meridian section.
  • the folded portion can also be replaced by a narrow ply which extends along the edge of the additional ply.
  • annular reinforcement element which can consist of a very narrow ply of cables which are very slightly inclined by at most 10° with respect to the circumferential direction, can be arranged within the fold of the additional ply or extend along the folded or unfolded edge of the additional ply.
  • the additional ply may also comprise, as sole edge, the said very narrow ply of very slightly inclined cables.
  • the arrangement of the additional ply of the invention makes it possible to use unusually high angles for this working ply without disadvantage.
  • the angle of the cables on the additional ply at the equator is between 25° and 35° and the angle formed by the cables of the active ply with the cables of the additional ply is equal to 40° ⁇ 5°.
  • the angle of the cables of the additional ply at the equator is between 40° and 60° and the angle formed by the cables of the active ply with the cables of the additional ply is equal to 60° ⁇ 5°.
  • FIG. 1 a dimensional diagram of the lefthand half of a tire according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 a more detailed view of this half of the tire
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 two particular arrangements of the edges of the additional ply
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 the preferred angles of the active and additional plies with respect to the circumferential direction at the equator of the tire.
  • FIG. 1 The meridian section of the left-hand half of the tire 1 of the invention (FIG. 1) is symmetrical with that of the right-hand half (not shown) with reference to the equatorial plane of trace XX' on the plane of the drawings.
  • FIG. 1 The meridian section of the left-hand half of the tire 1 of the invention (FIG. 1) is symmetrical with that of the right-hand half (not shown) with reference to the equatorial plane of trace XX' on the plane of the drawings.
  • This tire has a tread 3 of axial width L 3 , a carcass reinforcement 4 of maximum axial width B and a tread reinforcement comprising two superimposed working plies 5 and 6 in accordance with the invention.
  • the meridian trace of the additional ply 5 in accordance with the invention is shown in solid line in the zone of parallelism of width L p between, on the one hand, the two working plies 5 and 6 and, on the other hand, the carcass reinforcement 4.
  • the meridian trace of the additional ply 5 is represented by thick dotted line 5b for an angle ⁇ o of 25° of the cables of this ply with the equatorial plane of the tire of trace XX' and by thick dashed line 5a for an angle ⁇ o of 60° with this same plane.
  • the active ply 6 has an axial width L 6 less than the axial width L 3 of the traced but greater than the width L p of the zone along which the two working plies 5 and 6 are parallel to the carcass reinforcement 4.
  • the additional ply 5 (represented by thick dotted line 5b or by thick dashed line 5a axially outward of the zone of parallelism L p ) has a width L 5 which is between 1.05 times the axial width L 3 of the tread 3 and 1.1 times the maximum axial width B of the carcass reinforcement 4.
  • the (theoretical) extension of the meridian trace of the additional ply 5 is shown by thin dotted line 5b' for the cable angle ⁇ o of 25° and by thin dashed line 5a' for the cable angle ⁇ o of 60° up to the axial equator points E' b , E' a of radius R' e , where these traces have tangents T' eb and T' ea parallel to the equatorial plane of trace XX'.
  • ⁇ is the angle formed by the tangent T' to the additional ply 5 (in this example by the tangent to the theoretical extension 5b') with a line parallel to the axis of rotation (not shown) of the tire 1 at the running point of radius R' with respect to the same axis;
  • R' e is the radius, with respect to the same axis, of the axial equator point E' b (E' a ) where the theoretical extension 5b' (5a') of the additional ply 5 has a tangent T'eb (T'ea) parallel to the trace XX' of the equatorial plane.
  • the invention also comprises the case in which the additional ply 5a (5b) itself (and not its extension) has a tangent parallel to the trace XX' of the equatorial plane, that is to say the case in which, for instance, the axial equator point E' a (E' b ) merges with the edge 50a (50b) of the additional ply 5 located at a distance L 5 /2 from the trace XX' of the equatorial plane.
  • the corresponding outer contour 1' (FIG. 2) of the tire 1 is developed in such a manner that the edges 51 of the additional ply 5 are always embedded in the elastomer mix of the tire.
  • the active ply 6 and the additional ply 5 are preferably reinforced by practically inextensible steel cables (relative extensibility less than 0.2% to 10% of the rupture force).
  • FIG. 1 shows the preferred arrangement, in which R' e , the axial equator radius of the additional ply, is equal the R e , the axial equator radius of the point E of the carcass reinforcement 4 with tangent T e parallel to the trace XX' of the equatorial plane.
  • R' e the axial equator radius of the additional ply
  • the neutral fiber of the carcass reinforcement 4 follows its natural equilibrium meridian profile defined by the relationship ##EQU5## radially outwards of its axial equator point E (of radius R e ) up to approximately the edge 52 of the zone of parallelism L p between the tread reinforcement (5, 6) in accordance with the invention and the carcass reinforcement 4.
  • FIG. 1 radially outwards of its axial equator point E (of radius R e ) up to approximately the edge 52 of the zone of parallelism L p between the tread reinforcement (5, 6) in accordance with the invention and the carcass reinforcement 4.
  • the axial distance of the radial equator point S 4 of the theoretical extension 4' of the carcass reinforcement 4 from the equatorial plane of trace XX' of the tire is less than half L p /2 of the axial width of the said zone of parallelism.
  • the radial equator point S 4 of the carcass reinforcement 4 may be situated at the same axial distance L p /2 from the trace XX' of the equatorial plane as the edge 52 of said zone of parallelism.
  • the cables of the additional ply 5 follow a geodesic trace from one edge 50a (50b) to the other edge of this ply 5.
  • the meridian curvature 1/ ⁇ s at the radial equator point S 5 (intersection of this trace with the trace XX' of the equatorial plane of the tire 1) of radius R' s of the additional ply 5 satisfies the relationship ##EQU6##
  • the edge 52 of the zone of parallelism L p the tangent to the natural equilibrium meridian profile of the carcass reinforcement 4 is parallel to the tangent to the geodesic trace of the cables of the additional ply 5 as defined above.
  • the active ply 6 is, of course, adjacent the additional ply 5 up to an axial distance from the trace XX' of the equatorial plane which may be greater than the half width L p /2 of the zone of parallelism between the tread reinforcement (5, 6) and the carcass reinforcement 4 and, for instance, equal to the half width L 6 /2 of the active ply 6.
  • the tread reinforcement of the invention may also cooperate with a pair of narrow plies which limit the expansion of the carcass reinforcement and are arranged between the carcass reinforcement and the tread reinforcement in accordance whith French Pat. No. 2,419,180 (U.S. Pat. No. 4,271,891).
  • the carcass reinforcement 4 is preferably formed of a single ply of steel cables. When this carcass reinforcement 4 is formed of several adjacent plies, it is agreed that the natural equilibrium meridian profile of its neutral fiber is equidistant both from the outermost ply and from the innermost ply.
  • the edge 51' of the additional ply 5 in accordance with the invention has a reinforcement in the form of a folding 52 of the ply on itself.
  • This folding 52 may be effected radially outwards (FIG. 4) or inwards (not shown) around an annular reinforcement 53 formed by a narrow ply of cables which are slightly inclined at at most 10° to the circumferential direction of the tire.
  • the fold 52 may be replaced by a narrow ply of the same size (not shown) of cables forming with the circumferential direction of the tire an angle opposite that formed by the cables of the additional ply 5 and extending along the edge 51' of the latter.
  • FIG. 5 shows the angle at the level of the equatorial plane of the cables of the additional ply 5 or 5' which is between 25° and 35° with respect to the circumferential direction ⁇ of the tire or the trace of the equatorial plane (X,X'), which is the preferred angle for the use of the tire of the invention on very heavy carrier vehicles traveling on a road or on a prepared track.
  • the cables of the active ply 6 or 6' then form an angle of 40° ⁇ 5° with the cables of the additional ply 5 or 5'.
  • the cables of the additional ply 5 or 5' form an angle of between 40° and 60° with respect to the circumferential direction ⁇ of the tire or the trace of the equatorial plane (X,X') for the use of the latter on vehicles traveling off the road on very rough terrain.
  • the cables of the active ply 6 or 6' then form an angle of 60° ⁇ 5° with those of the additional ply 5 or 5'.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
US06/581,236 1981-04-03 1984-02-17 Radial tire for heavy loads Expired - Lifetime US4520856A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8106908A FR2503053A1 (fr) 1981-04-03 1981-04-03 Pneumatique a carcasse radiale pour lourdes charges
FR8106908 1981-04-03

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06363414 Continuation-In-Part 1982-03-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4520856A true US4520856A (en) 1985-06-04

Family

ID=9257080

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06/581,236 Expired - Lifetime US4520856A (en) 1981-04-03 1984-02-17 Radial tire for heavy loads

Country Status (28)

Country Link
US (1) US4520856A (fr)
JP (1) JPS57178905A (fr)
AR (1) AR226265A1 (fr)
AT (1) AT386570B (fr)
AU (1) AU546686B2 (fr)
BE (1) BE892321A (fr)
BR (1) BR8201900A (fr)
CA (1) CA1162133A (fr)
CH (1) CH646911A5 (fr)
DD (1) DD202119A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE3212428A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK152186C (fr)
EG (1) EG15226A (fr)
ES (1) ES8303199A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI81999C (fr)
FR (1) FR2503053A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2096073B (fr)
IL (1) IL65400A0 (fr)
IN (1) IN156098B (fr)
IT (1) IT1155490B (fr)
LU (1) LU84060A1 (fr)
MA (1) MA19437A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX156972A (fr)
NL (1) NL8201335A (fr)
NO (1) NO154912C (fr)
OA (1) OA07051A (fr)
SE (1) SE458842B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA822289B (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0311291A2 (fr) * 1987-10-05 1989-04-12 The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. Pneumatique à carcasse radiale
US5285835A (en) * 1988-09-06 1994-02-15 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. High speed radial tire with durable bead part
US20110146876A1 (en) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-23 Samuel Patrick Landers Geodesic belted tire

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61178204A (ja) * 1985-02-04 1986-08-09 Bridgestone Corp 大荷重用空気入りタイヤ
JPH0717129B2 (ja) * 1986-12-27 1995-03-01 住友ゴム工業株式会社 ラジアルタイヤ
JPH02286404A (ja) * 1989-04-26 1990-11-26 Toyo Tire & Rubber Co Ltd ラジアルタイヤ
DE69301302T2 (de) * 1992-11-05 1996-05-23 Sumitomo Rubber Ind Gürtelreifen
JP3358900B2 (ja) * 1993-12-16 2002-12-24 住友ゴム工業株式会社 空気入りタイヤ

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL102826C (fr) *
US30549A (en) * 1860-10-30 Hanger and box fob shafting
US3554261A (en) * 1967-07-24 1971-01-12 Uniroyal Englebert France Pneumatic tires
US3708007A (en) * 1970-10-28 1973-01-02 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Pneumatic tire including belt cables
US3757844A (en) * 1970-12-30 1973-09-11 Michelin & Cie High-speed radial tire
US3780783A (en) * 1972-05-31 1973-12-25 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Triangulated carcass tire
GB1364426A (en) * 1970-09-11 1974-08-21 Dunlop Holdings Ltd Pneumatic tyres
US4186789A (en) * 1974-07-25 1980-02-05 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Heavy-duty radial tire with ply of oblique elastic cords radially inward of the carcass
US4234031A (en) * 1978-05-24 1980-11-18 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Radial tire with high angle, low elongation plies and low angle, high elongation plies in belt
US4282917A (en) * 1979-03-29 1981-08-11 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Radial carcass tire employing carcass expansion limiting block

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LU62689A1 (fr) * 1970-03-01 1971-10-13
JPS5211801B2 (fr) * 1972-08-05 1977-04-02
FR2277688A2 (fr) * 1974-07-09 1976-02-06 Uniroyal Enveloppe de pneumatique a carcasse radiale a flancs renforces
JPS5522282B2 (fr) * 1974-12-28 1980-06-16
IT1118031B (it) * 1977-06-24 1986-02-24 Pirelli Perfezionamento a pneumatici per ruote di veicoli
JPS5464303A (en) * 1977-10-31 1979-05-24 Bridgestone Corp Radial tire
FR2430858A1 (fr) * 1978-07-10 1980-02-08 Michelin & Cie Pneumatique a carcasse radiale
FR2451834A1 (fr) * 1979-03-22 1980-10-17 Michelin & Cie Pneumatique a carcasse radiale pour vehicules lourds

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL102826C (fr) *
US30549A (en) * 1860-10-30 Hanger and box fob shafting
US3554261A (en) * 1967-07-24 1971-01-12 Uniroyal Englebert France Pneumatic tires
GB1364426A (en) * 1970-09-11 1974-08-21 Dunlop Holdings Ltd Pneumatic tyres
US3708007A (en) * 1970-10-28 1973-01-02 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Pneumatic tire including belt cables
US3757844A (en) * 1970-12-30 1973-09-11 Michelin & Cie High-speed radial tire
US3780783A (en) * 1972-05-31 1973-12-25 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Triangulated carcass tire
US4186789A (en) * 1974-07-25 1980-02-05 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Heavy-duty radial tire with ply of oblique elastic cords radially inward of the carcass
US4234031A (en) * 1978-05-24 1980-11-18 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Radial tire with high angle, low elongation plies and low angle, high elongation plies in belt
US4282917A (en) * 1979-03-29 1981-08-11 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Radial carcass tire employing carcass expansion limiting block

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Yoshimura, "Shapes of Pneumatic Tires", International Polymer Science and Technology, vol. 4, No. 8, 1977.
Yoshimura, Shapes of Pneumatic Tires , International Polymer Science and Technology, vol. 4, No. 8, 1977. *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0311291A2 (fr) * 1987-10-05 1989-04-12 The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. Pneumatique à carcasse radiale
EP0311291A3 (en) * 1987-10-05 1990-01-24 The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. Pneumatic radial tire
US5285835A (en) * 1988-09-06 1994-02-15 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. High speed radial tire with durable bead part
US20110146876A1 (en) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-23 Samuel Patrick Landers Geodesic belted tire
CN102107587A (zh) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-29 固特异轮胎和橡胶公司 短程线带束式轮胎
CN102107587B (zh) * 2009-12-23 2013-12-25 固特异轮胎和橡胶公司 短程线带束式轮胎
US9421825B2 (en) 2009-12-23 2016-08-23 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Geodesic belted tire

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR8201900A (pt) 1983-03-08
DK152186B (da) 1988-02-08
LU84060A1 (fr) 1982-07-08
FI81999C (fi) 1991-01-10
FR2503053B1 (fr) 1984-01-13
GB2096073B (en) 1985-09-11
MX156972A (es) 1988-10-18
FI81999B (fi) 1990-09-28
IT8267441A0 (it) 1982-04-02
AU8229882A (en) 1982-10-07
DK152282A (da) 1982-10-04
NO154912C (no) 1987-01-14
ES510936A0 (es) 1983-02-01
CH646911A5 (fr) 1984-12-28
IT1155490B (it) 1987-01-28
SE8202130L (sv) 1982-10-04
FR2503053A1 (fr) 1982-10-08
ES8303199A1 (es) 1983-02-01
AR226265A1 (es) 1982-06-15
ZA822289B (en) 1983-02-23
IN156098B (fr) 1985-05-11
IL65400A0 (en) 1982-07-30
DK152186C (da) 1988-07-04
MA19437A1 (fr) 1982-12-31
AT386570B (de) 1988-09-12
FI821162A0 (fi) 1982-04-02
GB2096073A (en) 1982-10-13
DD202119A5 (de) 1983-08-31
NL8201335A (nl) 1982-11-01
FI821162L (fi) 1982-10-04
AU546686B2 (en) 1985-09-12
CA1162133A (fr) 1984-02-14
OA07051A (fr) 1983-12-31
SE458842B (sv) 1989-05-16
ATA130182A (de) 1988-02-15
NO154912B (no) 1986-10-06
DE3212428C2 (fr) 1989-06-15
DE3212428A1 (de) 1983-01-27
BE892321A (fr) 1982-07-01
NO821130L (no) 1982-10-04
EG15226A (en) 1986-12-30
JPS57178905A (en) 1982-11-04

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