US4433565A - Method of and apparatus for the manufacturing of metal profile members, especially steel profile members - Google Patents
Method of and apparatus for the manufacturing of metal profile members, especially steel profile members Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4433565A US4433565A US06/262,660 US26266081A US4433565A US 4433565 A US4433565 A US 4433565A US 26266081 A US26266081 A US 26266081A US 4433565 A US4433565 A US 4433565A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000035508 accumulation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/08—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling structural sections, i.e. work of special cross-section, e.g. angle steel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D5/00—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves
- B21D5/06—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves by drawing procedure making use of dies or forming-rollers, e.g. making profiles
- B21D5/08—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves by drawing procedure making use of dies or forming-rollers, e.g. making profiles making use of forming-rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/004—Heating the product
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for the continuous manufacture of metal profile members of open or closed construction, especially steel profile members, from a continuous band or strip of metal.
- Metal profile members of closed or open construction having a wide variety of different cross-sectional configurations are commonly produced in a continuous manufacturing process involving hot- or cold-rolling.
- Hot rolling is used for the manufacture in large batches of open profile members having simple cross-sectional configurations.
- hot-rolling is not suitable for the production of profile members having complex cross-sectional configurations or in certain instances where there is an extreme relation between the dimension and thickness of a profile member.
- Extrusion processes permit the production of complex open and closed metal profile members within certain narrow limitations. However, such extrusion processes are generally very costly.
- Such processes require the use of hot-rolled bands of metal material having one or more beads therein which are shaped by cold processes (see Journal of the German Research Body for Sheet Metal Working and Surface Treatment (Regd. Assocn.) and Mitanderen Der Deutschen Anlagensgesellschaft f/u/ r Boechberarbeitung und Oberfl/a/ chen accent e. V., Vol. 19, 1968, No. 13, pp. 209-221).
- This technology has, however, been superseded by modern hot-rolling processes since it is not feasible to provide a substantial number of different types of bead-containing metal band material, particularly when only small batches of metal profile members are being produced.
- An object of the present invention is the development of a method and an apparatus by which elongated profile members having an open or closed cross-section and having a relatively thin wall thickness with the accumulation or reduction of material at predetermined points in the cross-section thereof can be manufactured economically.
- a further object of the invention is the development of a method and an apparatus by which a wide variety of elongated profile members of different cross-sectional configurations may be manufactured.
- a still further object of the invention is the development of a method and an apparatus by which elongated profile members may be manufactured with apparatus which represents a reasonable capital investment.
- a band-like initial material of uniform thickness over its cross-section is deformed by cold- and hot-shaping in a continuous work process to produce elongated profile members which have one or more differences in wall thickness at one or more predetermined points in their cross-section.
- profile members preferably from hot- or cold-rolled band steel, which have varied cross-sectional configurations and varying wall thicknesses.
- the continuous band-like material is strip heated at one or more areas thereof to an appropriate hot-shaping temperature which in normal structural steels is approximately 900° C.
- Special guide means are provided which cause the flow of material in the heated area of the band in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of the band-like material.
- Deformation operations may be carried out in one or more stages. Cooling of the heated band-like material may be controlled as part of the deformation process.
- the hot-shaping operation is carried out in advance of any cold-shaping operation.
- the cold-shaping operation may be carried out first in order to assist deformation, especially in the case of certain edge configuration of open profile members and for obtaining stricter tolerance. It may also be desirable in certain instances for the hot-shaping operation to be carried out between separate stages of the cold-shaping operation. Thus, it is possible to adopt different combinations of hot- and cold-shaping operations.
- FIGS. 1 to 17 are cross-sectional views of various forms of metal profile members which may be produced in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 18 is a diagrammatic view illustrating an embodiment of the method and apparatus of the invention.
- FIGS. 19, 20 and 21 are cross-sectional views showing in sequence hot- and cold-shaping operations
- FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a linear inductor arranged to heat the central area of a metal band
- FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a tunnel inductor arranged to heat one edge of a metal band
- FIG. 24 illustrates diagrammatically sets of guide rolls for supporting the flow of material in a metal band during hot-shaping
- FIG. 25 is a more complete diagrammatic view of the guide rolls of FIG. 24 with means for adjusting said guide rolls;
- FIG. 26 illustrates an arrangement for urging the flow of material in a metal band in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of said metal band.
- FIG. 18 is a diagrammatic representation of a preferred arrangement of the apparatus for carrying out the method of the invention.
- the band-storage device ensures that while the ends of the coils are being joined conveyance of the band beyond the band-storage device is not interrupted.
- the band 1 is then conveyed without flutter or vibration to a heating zone by way of a pair of drive rolls 7.
- the heating system 8 preferably is in the form of a medium-frequency induction installation in which, depending upon the position of the zones on the band to be heated, the inductors are linear inductors 8a, as shown in FIG. 22, or tunnel inductors 8b for band edge heating, as shown in FIG. 23.
- the inductors are linear inductors 8a, as shown in FIG. 22, or tunnel inductors 8b for band edge heating, as shown in FIG. 23.
- medium-frequency induction heating is particularly suitable for concentrated high-speed heating.
- the linear inductors are appropriately arranged above and below the moving band if the thickness of the material of the band is substantial.
- the tunnel inductors are designed to enclose the edges of the band. It is possible to adjust the heating rate such that hot-shaping temperatures can be achieved while the band is moving at a rate normal for profile-rolling and tube-welding operations. Thus, optimum working efficiency is ensured.
- the partially heated band 1 is conveyed to the deformation point 10 which may comprise deforming rollers or possibly matrices which are arranged horizontally, vertically or in any desired angular position.
- the deformation point 10 may comprise deforming rollers or possibly matrices which are arranged horizontally, vertically or in any desired angular position.
- a controlled cooling arrangement is provided to ensure a predetermined residual heat over the entire cross-section of the band.
- the cooling arrangement is shown as a water spray chamber 11. However, other types of cooling arrangements may be employed, e.g., a water bath or air flue.
- the hot-shaped band is then conveyed to a profile-rolling mill 12 or a tube-welding plant which through its drive rollers is basically responsible for the conveyance of the band through the entire installation.
- the set of drive rolls 7 is intended to tension and guide the band through the hot-shaping zone.
- the stages of cold-deformation are carried out in the profile-rolling mill 12 preferably at temperatures which are essentially higher than room temperature and which have a favorable effect on deformation while at the same time reducing redisual deformation tension.
- the finished profile member is then cut to predetermined lengths by a shearing machine 13.
- FIGS. 19 to 21 Deformation operations are shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 19 to 21 wherein a C-shaped profile member with a central dove-tail guide is produced. Hot-shaping operations are illustrated at 14a and 14b followed by a cold-shaping operation at 15. It will be appreciated however that other profile configurations may possibly require a different sequence, i.e. more or less stages in the hot-shaping process and also a different arrangement of the sequence of operations. It will also be appreciated that during the hot-shaping stage and apart from the actual profile-shaping other deformation operations may be carried out, as for example the application of superficial structures, stampings, bosses and the like insofar as these can be performed by rollers or intermittently operated dies.
- a bead 18 is first formed by the horizontally mounted rollers 16, 17 supported by the guide system 9.
- the rollers 16, 17 may be shaped so as to be slightly spherical.
- the volume content of the bead 18 should correspond to that of the dove-tail guide 19 which is formed in the second process step 14b by the upper roller 20, lower disc 21 and the two vertically mounted discs 22 and 22'.
- the hot-shaped band is then formed into a C-shape during the cold-shaping steps c to h which are shown in broken lines in process step 15.
- the cold-shaping steps which serve to end the band at various locations, are carried out on portions of the band other than the portion which was subjected to hot-shaping and do not involve modifications in the thickness of the band as in the hot-shaping procedure.
- the guide system 9 is placed downstream of the heating zone.
- the flow of material is transverse to the feed direction of the band.
- the adjacent cold areas of the material are conveyed wedge-like towards each other whereas in stretching operations they are conveyed away from each other. This may be effected by pairs of rollers or discs 23, 23' and 24, 24' which may optionally be provided with drive means.
- the discs which engage the cold areas of the band 1 are located close to the heated zone 25.
- the discs By adjusting the angle of the discs relative to the direction of movement of the band 1, the discs cause the material in the heated zone to be upset or stretched, depending upon the angle of the discs, in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of the band.
- Guide systems of this type which are used when the heated zone lies between the opposite edges of the band cross-section are located immediately upstream of other hot-shaping operations which involve a considerable flow of material in a direction transverse to the movement of the band.
- FIG. 25 shows diagrammatically the structural layout of a device for mounting and adjusting the band guide system 9. It comprises two vertical uprights 26, 26' and crosspieces 27, 27' in which adjuster spindles are mounted. By means of the spindles, the guide discs 23, 23' and 24, 24' are adjusted by handwheels 28, either together or separately, such that the discs are moved towards and at right angles to the direction of the movement of band 1 to positions adjacent opposite sides of the heated zone.
- the guide discs may be mounted in shoes 29. Vertical adjustment and angular adjustment are both controlled by handwheels 30. If there is more than one heated zone in the band it is possible to mount more than two pairs of discs in the crosspieces. Resilient buffers may be utilized in the device to assist in adjusting the pressure applied by the discs to the band.
- band guidance e.g. floating discs accommodated in bearing shoes carried in the vertical uprights 26, 26' and which may be adjusted to the predetermined angular position by a common screw device.
- a transverse force for upsetting in the heated zones may also be exerted upon the edges of the band by means of vertically mounted rollers.
- the lateral uprights are preferably bridged by transverse yokes on which the adjustable discs or rollers are mounted. There is no risk of sagging and in addition several pairs of discs or rollers may be mounted on the yokes which discs or rollers may be suitably adjusted with respect to the entire width of the band.
- the open marginal areas of the band are always urged by the guide means in the appropriate direction for hot-shaping. If, however, more than two hot-shaping areas, apart from the edges, of the band are present, the hot-shaping operation should proceed stagewise, i.e. a central hot-shaping operation should be completed before the adjacent ones are undertaken. In the hot-shaping of the open edges of the band there is generally no necessity for a secondary influence on the direction of flow of the material.
- pairs of inclined rolls may be provided as illustrated for example in FIG. 26.
- This device is somewhat similar to known devices for the continuous welding of sheet or strip metal wherein the edges which have been heated to the welding temperature are pressed together.
- the upper inclined rollers 31, 32 are so constructed that they do not form any gap in the plane of contact with the moving band 1.
- the lower inclined rollers 33, 34 on the other hand have a gap therebetween for shaping a bead 35.
- the pressure in the horizontal direction at right angles to the direction of movement of the band is exerted upon the heated zone by the adjustor spindles 36, 37 by way of the edges of the inclined rollers in contact with the surface of the band assisted by the resilient cushion in the form of a plate-spring pack 38.
- This illustrated embodiment may be modified by replacing one pair of inclined rollers by a horizontally rotating shaping roller.
- the actual hot-shaping may be carried out in open and/or closed grooves.
- the hot-shaping may thus be arranged at any desired angular position on a circular rest providing the most efficienct pressure on the material to be shaped. Thereby, very complicated deformations are often possible in only one single pass or at most in a small number of passes.
- matrices of heat-resistant material may also be employed with internal cooling and possibly with the additional employment of a lubricant.
- the cooling of the entire cross-section by means of water or air should be so controlled that the residual heat will be an aid in the following cold-shaping operation. It is essential, however, that the cold-shaping should take place outside the blue shortness range of the particular material employed. If the mechanical devices which follow can withstand high temperatures, especially with a view to maintaining the bearings lubricated, and if the residual heat is adequate cold-shaping above the blue shortness range should be avoided.
- the utilization of the residual heat offers many advantages. In addition to the favorable affect on cold-shaping the employement of cooling media may be reduced and the deformation tensions resulting from cold-shaping, the effects of which are undesirable with respect to cold profiles, may be largely obviated.
- the hot-shaping procedure may follow the cold-shaping. This may be an advantage especially in the case of certain edge configurations of open profile members, since otherwise due to the formation of the edge the actual cold-deformation will become much more difficult and would involve the use of more expensive tools. This is especially true in the case where thickened edges are present. Moreover, with such a modified arrangement, it is also possible to achieve very narrow tolerances in the dimensions of the open limbs.
- FIGS. 1 to 17 illustrate examples of various cross-sectional configurations of metal profile members which may be produced in accordance with the invention from a continuous band-like material of uniform thickness.
- FIG. 1 shows a hot-shaped profile member wherein the opposite edges have been thickened by hot-shaping while the bending has been carried out by cold-shaping.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a U-shaped profile member wherein the opposite edges have been upset by hot-shaping to form feet which are disposed parallel to the base of the U. The concentration of material in the limbs enables threaded holes, for example, to be made in the limbs.
- FIGS. 3a to 3f illustrate other possible edge formations produced by hot-shaping. These edge formations may be formed on either simple or complex cold-shaped profile members.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a generally flat profile member having dove-tail shaped edges.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a bead-profile member which itself is produced by hot-shaping and is useful during subsequent cold-shaping steps wherein acute-angle outer radii are required.
- the bead-profile member may be deformed immediately after hot-shaping to any desired cross-sectional shape by cold-shaping.
- the bead profile member may be coiled for storage after hot-shaping and, after subsequent cold-straightening, used in subsequent processing.
- the metal profile member illustrated in FIG. 6 demonstrates that extremely complex deformations of the band-like material, of initially uniform thickness, which may be obtained by hot-shaping without noticeable accumulation of displacement of the material. This has not been possible heretofore with respect to thin-walled and broad profile members.
- the bending of the edges to an acute angle as illustrated in FIG. 6 is carried out by a subsequent cold profile-rolling operation.
- FIG. 7 shows two different profile members which must be accurately formed so that the dove-tail arrangement will fit snuggly together.
- FIGS. 8 to 11 are further examples of possible configurations for open rod-shaped profile members.
- FIGS. 12 to 14 illustrate profile members having very favorable static characteristics.
- the flanges show a distinct accumulation of material.
- FIG. 13 it will be seen that the stress point is advantageously placed at the center by cold-shaping of the crosspiece.
- the hollow profile section of FIG. 14 which is very high relative to its width may be formed into a closed configuration by welding or lock-seaming. The very acute angled outer radii should be noted which improve the efficiency of the connection.
- FIGS. 15 to 17 are examples of tube cross-sections as finally completed after hot-shaping in a tube-welding plant.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2813636 | 1978-03-30 | ||
DE2813636A DE2813636C3 (de) | 1978-03-30 | 1978-03-30 | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Herstellung von Profilen aus Metall, vornehmlich von Stahlprofilen |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06024834 Continuation | 1979-03-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US4433565A true US4433565A (en) | 1984-02-28 |
Family
ID=6035709
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/262,660 Expired - Fee Related US4433565A (en) | 1978-03-30 | 1981-05-11 | Method of and apparatus for the manufacturing of metal profile members, especially steel profile members |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4433565A (de) |
AT (1) | AT372309B (de) |
DE (1) | DE2813636C3 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2421008B1 (de) |
GB (1) | GB2017556B (de) |
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US4578979A (en) * | 1982-10-27 | 1986-04-01 | Hitachi Cables, Ltd. | Method of producing a strip having a non-uniform cross section by a rolling process |
US4597277A (en) * | 1983-10-10 | 1986-07-01 | Cegedur Societe De Transformation De L'aluminium Pechiney | Process and apparatus for producing reinforced metal strips |
US4962622A (en) * | 1989-06-01 | 1990-10-16 | H. H. Robertson Company | Profiled sheet metal building unit and method for making the same |
US5056348A (en) * | 1989-06-01 | 1991-10-15 | Robertson-Ceco Corporation | Method of making a profiled sheet metal building unit |
US5163225A (en) * | 1988-07-25 | 1992-11-17 | Tube Technology Pty Ltd. | Process for forming a structural member utilizing high frequency electrical induction or resistance welding |
US5403986A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1995-04-04 | Tube Technology Pty. Ltd. | Structural member and method of making by cold rolling followed by induction or resistance welding |
US5501053A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1996-03-26 | Tube Technology Pty., Ltd. | Interengageable structural members |
WO1998040176A1 (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 1998-09-17 | J & L Structural, Inc. | A method of making an improved hot rolled i-beam and associated product |
US5890388A (en) * | 1997-07-30 | 1999-04-06 | Centre Bridge Investments | Method and apparatus for forming structural members |
US5941114A (en) * | 1994-07-19 | 1999-08-24 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Rolling apparatus for producing angle from steel strip and method of rolling the angle using the same |
US6219990B1 (en) | 1998-04-07 | 2001-04-24 | J&L Structural, Inc. | Method of making an improved hot rolled I-beam and associated product |
US6644701B2 (en) | 2002-01-14 | 2003-11-11 | Shape Corporation | Bumper energy absorber with foam and non-foam pieces |
US6672635B2 (en) | 2002-06-06 | 2004-01-06 | Netshape Corporation | Bumper with integrated foam and non-foam components |
US6705145B1 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2004-03-16 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method of processing bent and deformed portion of metal material |
US20060127646A1 (en) * | 2003-01-13 | 2006-06-15 | Kunstoff-Technik Scherer & Trier Gmbh & Co Kg | Laminated decorative strip and method for producing a laminated decorative strip |
US20070074556A1 (en) * | 2005-10-04 | 2007-04-05 | Shape Corporation | Continuous process of roll-forming stamped sheet |
US20100050726A1 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-04 | The Boeing Company | Superplastically Continuous Roll Forming Titanium |
US20110162320A1 (en) * | 2003-06-23 | 2011-07-07 | Smorgon Steel Litesteel Products Pty Ltd | Beam |
US20110197646A1 (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2011-08-18 | Welser Profile Austria Gmbh | Method for the Production of a Cold-Rolled Profile Having At Least One Thickened Profile Edge |
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JPS59202101A (ja) * | 1983-05-04 | 1984-11-15 | Nippon Steel Corp | フランジを有する形材の圧延方法 |
SE8403479L (sv) * | 1984-06-29 | 1986-01-29 | Ssab Svenskt Stal Ab | Sett att framstella profilerade stenger |
DE102006000181A1 (de) * | 2006-04-18 | 2007-10-25 | Hilti Ag | Verfahren zur Dickenreduzierung von einstückigem Walzgut |
DE102006000182A1 (de) * | 2006-04-18 | 2007-10-25 | Hilti Ag | Verfahren zur Dickenreduzierung von einstückigem Walzgut |
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JP7044690B2 (ja) * | 2018-11-26 | 2022-03-30 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 金属部材の製造方法 |
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BE412978A (de) * | 1935-12-11 | |||
DE1047230B (de) * | 1957-05-24 | 1958-12-24 | Hoesch Westfalenhuette Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Normalprofilen fuer den Stahlbau |
US3834207A (en) * | 1972-08-30 | 1974-09-10 | Anaconda American Brass Co | Method and apparatus for forming an accurately dimensioned metal strip having varying thickness |
US3850019A (en) * | 1972-11-28 | 1974-11-26 | Anaconda American Brass Co | Method of producing a metal strip including a longitudinal channel by roll-form reduction of a multi-gage strip |
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1978
- 1978-03-30 DE DE2813636A patent/DE2813636C3/de not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-03-07 AT AT0171279A patent/AT372309B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-03-22 GB GB7910120A patent/GB2017556B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-03-30 FR FR7908049A patent/FR2421008B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1981
- 1981-05-11 US US06/262,660 patent/US4433565A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US5163225A (en) * | 1988-07-25 | 1992-11-17 | Tube Technology Pty Ltd. | Process for forming a structural member utilizing high frequency electrical induction or resistance welding |
US5373679A (en) * | 1988-07-25 | 1994-12-20 | Tube Technology Pty Ltd | Structural member and process for forming same |
US4962622A (en) * | 1989-06-01 | 1990-10-16 | H. H. Robertson Company | Profiled sheet metal building unit and method for making the same |
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US5941114A (en) * | 1994-07-19 | 1999-08-24 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Rolling apparatus for producing angle from steel strip and method of rolling the angle using the same |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATA171279A (de) | 1983-02-15 |
AT372309B (de) | 1983-09-26 |
DE2813636B2 (de) | 1980-02-28 |
FR2421008A1 (fr) | 1979-10-26 |
GB2017556A (en) | 1979-10-10 |
FR2421008B1 (fr) | 1985-07-19 |
DE2813636A1 (de) | 1979-10-04 |
GB2017556B (en) | 1982-05-12 |
DE2813636C3 (de) | 1980-10-30 |
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