Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
  • C11D1/94—Mixtures with anionic, cationic or non-ionic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
  • C11D1/90—Betaines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols

Definitions

• ABSTRACT Aqueous liquid detergent compositions that remain clear and liquid over a wide range of temperatures are provided comprising an ampholytic betaine-type detergent, a nonionic surfactant, and a complexing agent.
• ampholytic betaines that are employed in the liquid detergent compositions of the invention have the formula:
• n n and 11 are 2 and at least one of m m and m is 1 or 2 are preferred, as also are those compounds in which m m and m are 0.
• Exemplary oxyalkylene units include oxyethylene, oxypropylene-l,2 and -l,3, and oxybutylene-1,2,-l,4- 2,3 and -l,3. These can be used in combinations of two or three thereof, such as mixed oxyethyleneoxypropylene, oxyethylene-oxybutylene, oxypropylene-oxybutylene, and oxyethylene-oxypropyleneoxybutylene.
• tures derived by hydrogenation from the naturallyoccurring fatty acids or fatty acid esters derived from vegetable oils, animal oils, or fats, such as coconut oil, palm oil, soya bean oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, castor oil, linseed oil, tallow, grapeseed oil, tung oil, lard, safflower seed oil, fish oil and whale oil.
• Synthetic alcohol mixtures can also be used, prepared according to the Ziegler process or the 0x0 process, the latter producing highly branched alcohols and alcohol mixtures.
• Alkyl-substituted phenols which can be used include octylphenol, nonylphenyl, dodecyl phenol, hexadecyl phenol, dibutylphenol, dioctylphenol and dinonylphenol, keryl phenol, polypropylene phenol, the polypropylene group having from 12 to about 15 carbon atoms, and octadecyl phenol.
• nonionic surfactants are adducts of ethylene oxide with aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols 0r monoalkyl or dialkyl phenols.
• amido-alkane sulfonates which are characterized by the following structure:
• M is hydrogen or an alkali metal or an organic amine cation
• R is hydrogen or a straight or branched chain saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from eight to 26 carbon atoms or an aralkyl group having a straight or branched chain saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group of from six to 24 carbon atoms attached to the aryl nucleus, and at tached to A through the aryl nucleus
• A is selected from the group consisting of ethereal oxygen and sulfur, carboxylic ester and thiocarboxylic ester groups
• R, and R are hydrogen or methyl
• n is a number from 1 to 4
• the total number of carbon atoms in each unit is from one to four
• the various R units in the chain can be the same or different
• x is a number from 2 to 50.
• R is alkyl
• the wetting agent can be regarded as derived from an alcohol, mercaptan, oxy or thio fatty acid of high molecular weight, by condensation with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide.
• Typical of this type of alkyl product are the condensation products of oleyl or lauryl (dode cyl) alcohol, or mercaptan, or oleic or lauric acid, with from 8 to 17 moles of ethylene oxide, such as Emulfor ON.
• Typical alkyl esters are Renex (polyoxyethylene ester of tall oil acids) and Neutronyl 331 (higher fatty acid ester of polyethylene glycol).
• anionic surfactants are the polyoxyalkylene phosphate esters described by the following formula:
• R and R are alkyl or alkyl phenyl groups having from about eight to about twenty carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, and one of R and R may also be hydrogen. R and R can be the same or different.
• a preferred class of the phosphate esters are those in which one or both of R and R is a radical containing a polyoxyalkylene ether group, and no more than one of R and R is hydrogen.
• the radical containing polyoxyalkylene ether is of the form:
• R is a primary or secondary straight or branched chain saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical having from about ten to about 24 carbon atoms, preferaby from about twelve to about 22 carbon atoms, or a mono, di, or trialkyl-substituted phenyl radical having from about six to about 24 carbon atoms, and preferably from about eight to about 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl portion.
• M is hydrogen or a water-soluble salt-forming cation such as an alkali metal, such as, for instance, sodium or potassium; ammonia; or an organic amine, such as an alkanolamine or an alkylamine radical, for example, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, butylamine, octylamine, or hexylamine.
• an alkali metal such as, for instance, sodium or potassium
• ammonia or an organic amine, such as an alkanolamine or an alkylamine radical, for example, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, butylamine, octylamine, or hexylamine.
• ampholytic surfactants are those of the betaine or sulfobetaine type, having one of the formulae:
• ampholytic surfactants are the amino monocarboxylic acids and amino dicarboxylic acids having the general formulae:
• R is an alkyl group having from about ten to about twenty carbon atoms, or an alkyl phenyl group in which the alkyl has from one to about eighteen carbon atoms;
• R and R are bivalent hydrocarbon groups containing from one to about eight carbon atoms;
• M is hydrogen or a salt-forming cation, such as a monovalent metal cation (for instance sodium, potassium and lithium); ammonium; or an organic amine cation such as triethylamine, tributyl amine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine. Examples thereof are N-dodecylglycine, N- tetradecylglycine, N-dodecyl-2-aminopropionic acid and dodecyliminodiacetic acid.
• liquid detergent compositions of the invention can include other components which are customary in liquid detergent compositions, such as corrosion inhibitors, alkaline builder salts, neutral builder salts, soil-suspending agents, optical brightening agents, coloring agents and pigments, perfumes, foam suppressants, and biocidal agents.
• corrosion inhibitors such as corrosion inhibitors, alkaline builder salts, neutral builder salts, soil-suspending agents, optical brightening agents, coloring agents and pigments, perfumes, foam suppressants, and biocidal agents.
• Alkaline inorganic and organic builder salts or sequestrants are added in order to improve soil-removal power, particularly for heavily soiled articles.
• the amount of the alkaline builder salt is usually within the range from about 10 to about by weight of the total solids of the composition, preferably from 20 to 60% by weight.
• the alkali metal polyphosphates are particularly advantageous in contributing heavy duty performance and in improving detergent properties in hard water.
• alkali metal silicates, borates, and carbonates also can be employed, alone or in admixture with polyphosphates as alkaline builder salts.
• alkaline builder salts examples are the sodium metasilicates, borax, and sodium carbonate.
• Soil-suspending agents also can be added, particularly for heavy duty formulations.
• Suitable soilsuspending agents are sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium cellulose sulfate, lower alkyl and hydroxy alkyl cellulose ethers, such as ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, ethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, as well as polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrollidone. Soil-suspending agents are usually used, it at all, in amounts of from about 0.05 to about 5%, preferably from 0.1 to 2% by weight of the total solids.
• liquid detergent compositions in accordance with the invention are useful for any washings or cleaning purposes, such as for washing textiles, metals, plastics, leather, wood, stone, glass, china, porcelain, painted surfaces, and so forth, both in the household and in industry. Since the compositions are lowfoaming, they are especially suitable for use in automatic laundering and dish-washing machines and other applications where low foaming is desired.
• EXAMPLE A Into a glass flask provided with stirrer, heating means and reflux condenser was introduced 200 grams (1 mol) of a mixture of 55% lauryl alcohol and 45% myristyl alcohol. The alcohols were heated to 75C, and there was then added 2 grams of stannic chloride SnCl and 101 grams (1.1 mol) of epichlorohydrin over a period of about 1 hour. The temperature was then raised to 125C, with continued stirring, and the mixture held at this temperature for 2 hours. Residual epichlorohydrin was removed by vacuum distillation. The residual product was a slightly yellow liquid.
• EXAMPLE B Into a glass flask provided with stirrer, heating means and reflux condenser was introduced 200 grams (1 mol) of a mixture of 55% lauryl alcohol and 45% myristyl alcohol. The alcohols were heated to 75C, and there was then added 2 grams of stannic chloride SnCL, and 101 grams (1.1 mol) of epichlorohydrin over a period of about 1 hour. The temperature was then raised to 125C with continued stirring, and the mixture held at this temperature for 2 hours. Residual epichlorohydrin was removed by vacuum distillation. The residual product was a slightly yellow liquid.
• This product had a syrupy consistency at room temperature, and displayed good cleansing properties.
• EXAMPLE G Into a glass flask provided with stirrer, heating means and reflux condenser was introduced 348 grams (1 mol) of C,,H O(C H O(C I-I O(C H O) H. The alcohol was heated to 75C, and there was then added 2 grams of stannic chloride and 101 grams (1.1 mol) of epichlorohydrin over a period of about 1 hour. The temperature was then raised to 125C, with continued stirring, and the mixture held at this temperature for 2 hours. Residual epichlorohydrin was then removed by vacuum distillation. The residual product was a slightly yellow liquid.
• the yield calculated on the amount of added alcohol was 95%.
• a liquid detergent composition was prepared having the following formulation:
• the detergent components were mixed together, and the water then added, and the composition stirred until a clear solution had formed.
• This composition was a quite mobile fluid, and remained clear over the range of temperatures from 4C to 45C.
• Control I was a commercial detergent composition especially formulated for washing at 60C.
• Control II was an ampholytic betaine surfactant composition without the nonionic surfactant but otherwise similar to the liquid detergent composition of the invention. These compositions had the following formulations:
• Example 1 TABLE I Height of foam, millimeters Control I Control 11 Temp. Commercial Composition of Example 1 C Product Example 1 without nonionic surfactant In this test, if the foam level exceeds 250 mm, there is a considerable risk of foam overflow from the automatic washer. Consequently, Control 11 is unacceptable. Control I is better, but the results for Example 1 show that the liquid detergent composition in accordance with the invention is lower foaming, especially at elevated temperatures, which makes it well suited for automatic machine laundering.
• test compositions were also tested in respect to their detergent effectiveness in dissolving fat.
• test swatches of polyester cotton fabric were soaked with isotope-marked glyceryl trioleate.
• the cotton swatehes after drying were washed in a Terg-O-Tometer.
• the content of glyceryl trioleate of the test swatches was determined both before and after washing by analysis of the radioactivity of the test swatch. The following results were obtained:
• composition according to the invention had a substantially greater cleaning effectiveness than the two control compositions.
• the washing effectiveness of Contorl I, the commercial detergent composition, and the liquid detergent composition in accordance with the invention was tested in terms of effectiveness in removing silicates; the washing tests were carried out using the Terg-O' Tometer at 40C in water of 2.8 degrees of hardness and a concentration of detergent of 5 grams per liter.
• the test swatches were of artificially-soiled cotton fabric from Waschereiaba, Krefeld, West Germany.
• the reflectance of the fabric was measured before and after washing, and the measurements were converted according to Kubelka-Munks formula: K/S (l- R) /2R, wherein R is the reflectance. See also W. G. Catler and R. C. Davis; Detergency, Theory and Test Method, part 1, New York 1972, p. 387-392.
• the washing effect was expressed as the relative reduction of K/S, and the following results were obtained:
• a liquid detergent composition was prepared having the following formulation:
• the washing effectiveness of the liquid detergent composition was then evaluated in terms of removal of silicates. Washing tests were carried out using the Terg- O-Tometer at 40C in water of 2.8 degrees of hardness and a concentration of detergent of 5 grams per liter. The test swatches were of artificially-soiled cotton fabric from Waschereiaba, Krefeld, West Germany. The reflectance of the fabric was measured before and after washing, and the measurements were converted according to Kubelka-Munks formula: K/S l- R) /2R, wherein R is the reflectance. See also W. G. Catler and R. C. Davis: Detergency, Theory and Test Method, part 1, New York 1972, pp. 387-392. The washing effect was expressed as the relative reduction of K/S, and the following results were obtained:
• a liquid detergent composition in accordance with the invention was prepared according to the following formulation:
• washing effectiveness of the liquid detergent composition was then evaluated in terms of removal of silicates. Washing tests were carried out using the Terg- O-Tometer at 40C in water of 2.8 degrees of hardness and a concentration of detergent of 5 grams per liter. The test swatches were of artificially-soiled cotton fabric from Waschereiaba, Krefeld, West Germany.
• liquid detergent composition in accordance with the invention was quite effective in removing inorganic silicates.
• An aqueous liquid detergent composition that remains clear and liquid over a wide range of temperatures comprising:
• ampholytic betaine a. from about 2 to about 25% by weight of an ampholytic betaine.
• surfactant having the formula:
• R is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic groups having from six to about 22 carbon atoms and aromatic groups linked to the oxygen of the OR group via a carbon of the aromatic nucleus and having from one to six alkyl groups totalling from about four to about 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl groups, each alkyl group having from one to about 18 carbon atoms;
• R, and R are selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups having from one to about three carbon atoms;
• n n and n represent the number of carbon atoms in each unit, and are within the range from about 2 to about 4;
• n m and m represent the number of oxyalkylene units, and are within the range from 0 to about 10. at least one of m m and m is 1, and the sum of m,, m and m is within the range from 1 to about 10;
• n. represents the number of carbon atoms in the unit, and is within the range from 1 to about 4.
• a nonionic surfactant having the formula:
• R is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon groups having from eight to 20 carbon atoms, and monoand dialkyl phenyl groups having from about four to about 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl groups;
• m is a number within the range from about 5 to about 30;
• n is 1, so that both the nitrogen atom and the carboxylic group of the betaine surfactant are linked to a single carbon atom.
• aqueous liquid detergent composition in accordance with claim 1, in which the nonionic surfactant is an adduct of ethylene oxide with an aliphatic alcohol.
• aqueous liquid detergent composition in accordance with claim 1, in which the nonionic surfactant is an adduct of ethylene oxide with a monoalkyl or dialkyl phenol.
• An aqueous liquid detergent composition in accordance with claim 13, comprising from 0 to about 30% of an alkylene glycol having the formula: n 2n )m H wherein n is within the range from about 2 to about 4, and
• m is a number within the range from about 1 to about 10.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=26656042

Family Applications (2)

Family Applications After (1)

Country Status (9)

Cited By (20)

Families Citing this family (15)

Citations (9)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 1973
  • 1973-11-21 FR FR7341460A patent/FR2208976B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1973-11-21 FR FR7341459A patent/FR2327310A1/fr active Granted
  • 1973-11-28 US US419857A patent/US3912662A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1973-11-28 BE BE138240A patent/BE807896A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1973-11-28 DE DE2359234A patent/DE2359234C2/de not_active Expired
  • 1973-11-28 US US05/419,856 patent/US3954845A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1973-11-28 BE BE138239A patent/BE807895A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1973-11-29 GB GB5550873A patent/GB1459806A/en not_active Expired
  • 1973-11-29 NL NL7316355.A patent/NL161500C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1973-11-29 GB GB5551273A patent/GB1460286A/en not_active Expired
  • 1973-11-29 CA CA186,966A patent/CA1006534A/en not_active Expired
  • 1973-11-29 CH CH1676873A patent/CH581692A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1973-11-29 NL NL7316356.A patent/NL156749B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1973-11-29 CH CH1676773A patent/CH590917A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1973-11-29 CA CA187,021A patent/CA1003723A/en not_active Expired
  • 1973-11-30 AT AT1006173A patent/AT326801B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1973-11-30 AT AT1006273A patent/AT330932B/de not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (9)

Also Published As

Similar Documents