US3899892A - Steel cable anchor and method for withdrawing the same - Google Patents
Steel cable anchor and method for withdrawing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3899892A US3899892A US430548A US43054874A US3899892A US 3899892 A US3899892 A US 3899892A US 430548 A US430548 A US 430548A US 43054874 A US43054874 A US 43054874A US 3899892 A US3899892 A US 3899892A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cables
- coated
- steel
- cable
- individual
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
- E02D5/765—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor removable
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/47—Molded joint
Definitions
- a steel cable anchor comprises a plurality of individual steel cables bundled together to form a steel cable anchor adapted to be embedded within the ground by being buried in a hole filled with a hardening material such as cement.
- One or more of the individual steel cables have their surfaces coated with an anti-friction material.
- the remaining individual steel cables have their surfaces free of such anti-friction material.
- the method for withdrawing the steel cable anchor from its embedded position in the ground comprises the steps of first withdrawing one or more of the individual steel cables whose surfaces are coated with the anti-friction material and then withdrawing the remaining elemental steel cables whose surfaces are free of such anti-friction material.
- This invention relates to steel cable anchors which are embedded within the ground to provide an anchor to which a structural member may be attached.
- the present invention is more particularly concerned with a steel cable anchor which comprises a plurality of individual steel cables bundled together by binding wires, and to a method for removing such steel cable anchors from the ground when they are no longer required.
- one aspect of the invention is particularly useful as it pertains to a method for use in removing a cable anchor which supports a breast wall or revetment and, more particularly, to a method for withdrawing, after use, the steel tension cable anchor from an elongated hole in the ground, in which hole the anchor was buried in a hardening material filling the hole.
- the steel cable anchor may be withdrawn by applying a force thereto which is greater than the tensile strength of the cable anchor so that it is forcibly torn from the ground.
- a heat producing charge such as a therrnite device, may be included in the construction of the steel cable anchor by being placed on a portion of the tension steel cable which is not covered with mortar or cement.
- lt is accordingly a principal object of the present invention to provide a steel cable anchor structure and a method for withdrawing the same from the ground after use, which method requires less force than prior art methods, permits tensile force withdrawing of the cable anchor with much less force than that required by prior art withdrawal methods, which permits recovery of the entire cable anchor, and which does not require the use of incendiary charges.
- a steel cable anchor comprising a plurality of individual steel cables bundled together and embedded into a hardening material, wherein at least one of the individual steel cables has an anti-friction material coated over its surface at least for substantially the effective length of the cable; the embedded steel anchor cable, after use, is withdrawn from the ground by first withdrawing one or more individual steel cables which have an anti-friction coating on about their respective surfaces for at least the effective length thereof, by applying a tensile force thereto sufficient to withdraw such coated cable or cables, thereby loosening the remaining cables, and thereafter applying a tensile force to the remaining (uncoated) cables sufficient to withdraw such uncoated cables.
- the individual steel cables are bundled together by a plurality of binding wires fastened about the circumference of the steel cable anchor.
- a fixing unit is affixed to the exposed end of the embedded steel cable anchor unit by being attached to those of the individual steel cables which do not contain antifriction coating on their surface, and those cables which contain anti-friction coating about their surfaces are passed through or around the fixing unit but are not affixed thereto.
- the ends of the uncoated cables only are affixed to the structure or element to be supported by the steel cable anchor, the corresponding ends of the cables coated with antifriction material being left free.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a steel cable anchor in accordance with the invention supporting a revetment
- FIG. 2 is a lengthwise view of tension cables forming a steel cable anchor, showing one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of H6. 2, taken along the line 3-3;
- FIGS. 4 through FIG. 8 are cross-sectional views corresponding to that of FIG. 3, of tension cables comprising other embodiments of the invention, having various combinations of elemental steel cables.
- a hole of a given length and diameter is formed in the ground by any suitable boring or driving technique, and then a bundle 1 of tension steel cables 4 is inserted therein. Thereafter, the hole is filled with a suitable hardening material 2, such as cement mortar, concrete or the like. Bundle 1 of tension steel cables 4 is thus buried in the hardening material 2 within the said hole, with one end of bundle 1 being secured to the revetment 3 to prevent it from leaning or falling to one side under pressure of the earth it is retaining.
- a suitable hardening material 2 such as cement mortar, concrete or the like.
- Bundle 1 consists of a plurality of elemental steel cables 4 composed of strand steel wires or wire ropes, and at least one of the elemental steel cables 4 is coated with an anti-friction material 5 over its surface for substantially the effective portion thereof.
- the effective portion or effective length of the cable is that segment of the length of the steel cable contained within hardening material 2 to form a part of the steel cable anchor means.
- anti-friction material which may be employed in the present invention are greases in general, such as lubricating greases, petrolatums and petroleum jellies, such as that sold under the trademark Vaseline, hydrocarbon greases in general, vegetable oils, mineral lubricants, water glass, coal tar, asphalt, viscous material such as polymeric or macromolecular materials of any suitable kind, talcum powder, soft synthetic resin coatings, etc.
- any lubricating material such as any suitable oil, grease or jelly or any finely powdered lubricating type powder such as talcum powder, which will reduce the frictional resistance of withdrawing a single steel cable which is squeezed against other like steel cables with which it is bundled under pressure, is suitable for use as an anti-friction material in accordance with the present invention.
- a synthetic resin tape, a paper tape, or the like may thereafter be wound around the elemental steel cable coated with the anti-friction material, for preventing adhesion of the anti-friction material to hands, removal of the anti-friction material from the cable or mixing of the anti-friction material with the concrete.
- a protective covering may be applied over the antifriction material.
- the individual steel cable 4 with anti'friction material 5 coated thereon is bundled, by using binding wires 6, together with the other individual steel cables 4 having no friction material thereon, in a manner that the latter (uncoated) cables surround the coated cable.
- bundles l are made in the known manner by arranging individual cables of selected length in lengthwise, parallel arrangement. Binding wires 6 are then secured about the circumference of the bundled cables at selected intervals along their length.
- FIGS. 3 to 8 show examples of other embodiments of the invention, wherein two individual steel cables 4 having anti-friction material 5 coated thereon are combined in use with one to seven elemental steel cables 4 having no anti-friction material thereon. In this respect, in case still more steel cables are combined therewith, then the cables 4 which have anti-friction material 5 coated thereon will be increased in number.
- a fixing unit 7 may be employed to fasten revetment 3 to the bundle l of cables forming the core of the steel cable anchor.
- Such fixing units being well known and conventional in the art, are not further described in detail herein but it suffices to say that the fixing unit provides a cap-like fixture with means therein to permit it to be affixed to the other ends of steel cables 4 so that the fixing unit bears against revetment 3 to fasten revetment 3 to the cable anchor proper, so that the cable anchor takes up the force of the earth, sand, etc. bearing against revetment 3.
- the individual steel cables 4 having anti-friction material 5 thereon are not affixed to fixing unit 7, but only those cables which do not contain antifriction material disposed over their surfaces are attached to the fixing unit 7.
- the cable anchor may be removed. This is accomplished in accordance with the invention, by first applying tension to the exposed ends of the steel cables 4 having antifriction material 5 thereon in order to withdraw such cable or cables from the bundle of cables.
- cables coated with anti-friction material are so positioned that upon their removal from the bundle, one or more non-coated cables are loosened by having a free space form immediately adjacent thereto. Such loosening of course facilitates the removal, by application of tensile forces, of the loosened, noncoated cables.
- every cable in the bundle will either be in contact with a cable coated with anti-friction material, or in contact with a non-coated cable which is in contact with a coated cable.
- no non-coated cable will have more than one noncoated cable between it and a cable coated with antifriction material.
- the ground was bored by using a drill casing of five inches (13cm) in diameter.
- seven steel cables bundled together as illustrated in FIG. 3 were inserted, and the hole was then filled with concrete to provide a firmly fixed cable anchor.
- the effective length of the tension steel cables was about 390 inches (m) and the noneffective length (outside the concrete) thereof was about 156 inches (4m).
- the bundle of steel cables was prepared from strand steel individual cables of about 0.488 inches (12.4mm) diameter. Grease was applied to the circumferential surfaces of the effective length portions of two of the strand steel cables included in the bundle, and a vinyl tape was then wound around the greased portion of the cables. Five more cables, without any antifriction material or vinyl tape thereon were included in the bundle, which was bound together by binding wires with the cables arranged, as aforesaid, as illustrated in FIG. 3, items 5 being the anti-friction coatings.
- the same cable anchor is removed as follows.
- the two strand steel cables having the antifriction material coated thereon were withdrawan at the same time by applying a force of 1.8 tons thereto.
- the un-coated strand steel cables which had been in contact with the aforesaid withdrawn coated steel cables were then subjected to a tension force of 6.1 tons exerted by a hydraulic jack in order to separate them from the hardened concrete.
- the two steel cables were withdrawn manually and simulta neously.
- the other two steel cables which had been in contact with the aforesaid withdrawn steel cables were withdrawn, followed by the remaining one steel cable.
- a method of assemblying a steel tension cable anchor comprising coating the surface of at least one individual steel cable with anti-friction material along a length thereof,
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1603273 | 1973-02-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3899892A true US3899892A (en) | 1975-08-19 |
Family
ID=11905218
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US430548A Expired - Lifetime US3899892A (en) | 1973-02-08 | 1974-01-03 | Steel cable anchor and method for withdrawing the same |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3899892A (xx) |
AT (1) | AT327106B (xx) |
BE (1) | BE810688A (xx) |
CH (1) | CH583828A5 (xx) |
FR (1) | FR2217968A5 (xx) |
GB (1) | GB1433066A (xx) |
IT (1) | IT1028542B (xx) |
LU (1) | LU69348A1 (xx) |
NL (1) | NL156775B (xx) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS52113006A (en) * | 1976-03-18 | 1977-09-21 | Nitto Electric Ind Co | Method of fixing and recovering lanyard for reatining anchor |
US4069677A (en) * | 1975-06-20 | 1978-01-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Nitto Tekuno Group | Anchor and method for constructing same |
US4094117A (en) * | 1975-11-26 | 1978-06-13 | Ing. Giovanni Rodio & C. Impresa Costruzioni Speciali S.P.A. | Method and tie bar for the formation of anchorages |
US4163360A (en) * | 1975-04-08 | 1979-08-07 | Kabushiki Kaisha Daini Seikosha | Timer device |
DE4028067A1 (de) * | 1989-09-08 | 1991-03-28 | Vorspann Technik Gmbh | Spannglied |
US5603589A (en) * | 1994-09-09 | 1997-02-18 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Aktiengesellschaft | Method for manufacturing an anchor element for a soil anchor for a rock anchor, rock bolt or the like, from a strand of twisted steel wire |
US5857641A (en) * | 1997-06-03 | 1999-01-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Winding core having integral entangling mechanism |
EP0893551A2 (de) * | 1997-07-25 | 1999-01-27 | Drahtwerk Köln GmbH | Verfahren zum Herstellen und zum Entfernen einer Litze mit Soll-Bruchstelle |
US6039509A (en) * | 1991-09-25 | 2000-03-21 | F. M. Locotos Equipment & Design Co. | Mine roof support apparatus and method |
US6176638B1 (en) * | 1995-02-14 | 2001-01-23 | Roger C. Kellison | Chemically bonded anchor systems |
US20090000227A1 (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2009-01-01 | Nordex Energy Gmbh | Wind energy plant tower |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2423591A1 (fr) * | 1978-04-18 | 1979-11-16 | Sif Entreprise Bachy | Ameliorations a la realisation de tirants ancres |
DE3039080C2 (de) * | 1980-10-16 | 1985-03-07 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann AG, 8000 München | Ausbaubares, mehrteiliges Zugglied für einen Verpreßanker |
DE3431211A1 (de) * | 1984-08-24 | 1986-03-06 | Stump Bohr Gmbh, 8045 Ismaning | Mehrstahlanker |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2431104A (en) * | 1946-03-25 | 1947-11-18 | Bright Elizabeth Borda | Metal tie |
US3060640A (en) * | 1959-06-11 | 1962-10-30 | Span Tendons Ltd | Cables for prestressing concrete |
US3114987A (en) * | 1959-06-11 | 1963-12-24 | Span Tendons Ltd | Cables for prestressing concrete |
US3299644A (en) * | 1965-08-27 | 1967-01-24 | Spencer White And Prentis Inc | Underpinning system and method of constructing same |
US3347005A (en) * | 1965-02-09 | 1967-10-17 | Cf & I Steel Corp | Prestressed concrete members |
US3579931A (en) * | 1969-09-18 | 1971-05-25 | Du Pont | Method for post-tensioning tendons |
US3753354A (en) * | 1971-01-12 | 1973-08-21 | K Bauer | Corrosion-protected anchoring rods for anchoring structural parts in the earth, as well as method of producing anchorings with corrosion-protected anchor rods |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1473164A (xx) * | 1967-06-01 | |||
DE2041526C3 (de) * | 1970-08-21 | 1980-06-04 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag, 8000 Muenchen | Zugglied für einen Verpreßanker |
FR2141436B1 (xx) * | 1971-06-02 | 1973-06-29 | Sif Entreprise Bachy |
-
1973
- 1973-12-28 FR FR7346882A patent/FR2217968A5/fr not_active Expired
-
1974
- 1974-01-03 US US430548A patent/US3899892A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1974-01-16 IT IT7412421A patent/IT1028542B/it active
- 1974-01-30 AT AT74074*#A patent/AT327106B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-02-06 BE BE140619A patent/BE810688A/xx unknown
- 1974-02-07 NL NL7401672.A patent/NL156775B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-02-07 LU LU69348A patent/LU69348A1/xx unknown
- 1974-02-08 GB GB584074A patent/GB1433066A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-02-08 CH CH181874A patent/CH583828A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2431104A (en) * | 1946-03-25 | 1947-11-18 | Bright Elizabeth Borda | Metal tie |
US3060640A (en) * | 1959-06-11 | 1962-10-30 | Span Tendons Ltd | Cables for prestressing concrete |
US3114987A (en) * | 1959-06-11 | 1963-12-24 | Span Tendons Ltd | Cables for prestressing concrete |
US3347005A (en) * | 1965-02-09 | 1967-10-17 | Cf & I Steel Corp | Prestressed concrete members |
US3299644A (en) * | 1965-08-27 | 1967-01-24 | Spencer White And Prentis Inc | Underpinning system and method of constructing same |
US3579931A (en) * | 1969-09-18 | 1971-05-25 | Du Pont | Method for post-tensioning tendons |
US3753354A (en) * | 1971-01-12 | 1973-08-21 | K Bauer | Corrosion-protected anchoring rods for anchoring structural parts in the earth, as well as method of producing anchorings with corrosion-protected anchor rods |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4163360A (en) * | 1975-04-08 | 1979-08-07 | Kabushiki Kaisha Daini Seikosha | Timer device |
US4069677A (en) * | 1975-06-20 | 1978-01-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Nitto Tekuno Group | Anchor and method for constructing same |
US4094117A (en) * | 1975-11-26 | 1978-06-13 | Ing. Giovanni Rodio & C. Impresa Costruzioni Speciali S.P.A. | Method and tie bar for the formation of anchorages |
JPS52113006A (en) * | 1976-03-18 | 1977-09-21 | Nitto Electric Ind Co | Method of fixing and recovering lanyard for reatining anchor |
DE4028067A1 (de) * | 1989-09-08 | 1991-03-28 | Vorspann Technik Gmbh | Spannglied |
US6039509A (en) * | 1991-09-25 | 2000-03-21 | F. M. Locotos Equipment & Design Co. | Mine roof support apparatus and method |
US5603589A (en) * | 1994-09-09 | 1997-02-18 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Aktiengesellschaft | Method for manufacturing an anchor element for a soil anchor for a rock anchor, rock bolt or the like, from a strand of twisted steel wire |
US6176638B1 (en) * | 1995-02-14 | 2001-01-23 | Roger C. Kellison | Chemically bonded anchor systems |
US5857641A (en) * | 1997-06-03 | 1999-01-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Winding core having integral entangling mechanism |
EP0893551A3 (de) * | 1997-07-25 | 2000-06-07 | Drahtwerk Köln GmbH | Verfahren zum Herstellen und zum Entfernen einer Litze mit Soll-Bruchstelle |
EP0893551A2 (de) * | 1997-07-25 | 1999-01-27 | Drahtwerk Köln GmbH | Verfahren zum Herstellen und zum Entfernen einer Litze mit Soll-Bruchstelle |
US20090000227A1 (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2009-01-01 | Nordex Energy Gmbh | Wind energy plant tower |
US7694473B2 (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2010-04-13 | Nordex Energy Gmbh | Wind energy plant tower |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL7401672A (xx) | 1974-08-12 |
NL156775B (nl) | 1978-05-16 |
ATA74074A (de) | 1975-03-15 |
FR2217968A5 (xx) | 1974-09-06 |
LU69348A1 (xx) | 1974-05-17 |
AU6469274A (en) | 1975-07-24 |
DE2360622B2 (de) | 1975-05-28 |
BE810688A (fr) | 1974-05-29 |
CH583828A5 (xx) | 1977-01-14 |
GB1433066A (en) | 1976-04-22 |
AT327106B (de) | 1976-01-12 |
DE2360622A1 (de) | 1974-08-15 |
IT1028542B (it) | 1979-02-10 |
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