US3885581A - Machine for cooling metal sheets or plates - Google Patents

Machine for cooling metal sheets or plates Download PDF

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Publication number
US3885581A
US3885581A US462580A US46258074A US3885581A US 3885581 A US3885581 A US 3885581A US 462580 A US462580 A US 462580A US 46258074 A US46258074 A US 46258074A US 3885581 A US3885581 A US 3885581A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
sheet
machine
rollers
water
casing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US462580A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gilbert Mordekhai Ihouda Dahan
Jean Schrempp
Stephane Georges Jean- Viannay
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
USINOR SA
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USINOR SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to FR7310710A priority Critical patent/FR2223096B1/fr
Priority to GB1297474A priority patent/GB1461346A/en
Priority to JP3334774A priority patent/JPS5311247B2/ja
Priority to DE2414445A priority patent/DE2414445C2/de
Priority to US462580A priority patent/US3885581A/en
Application filed by USINOR SA filed Critical USINOR SA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3885581A publication Critical patent/US3885581A/en
Priority to FR7739835A priority patent/FR2413141A1/fr
Priority to GB7848175A priority patent/GB2011295B/en
Priority to DE2856470A priority patent/DE2856470C3/de
Priority to US05/974,016 priority patent/US4185649A/en
Priority to JP16462278A priority patent/JPS5496410A/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B45/00Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B45/02Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
    • B21B45/0203Cooling
    • B21B45/0209Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
    • B21B45/0215Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes
    • B21B45/0218Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes for strips, sheets, or plates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62Quenching devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28CHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C3/00Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus
    • F28C3/005Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus one heat-exchange medium being a solid

Definitions

  • the machine for cooling metal sheets or plates comprises a casing having at least two parallel planar portions in facing relation to each other and defining therebetween a gap whose width exceeds the thickness of the sheet to be cooled so as to define two chambers with the sheet.
  • a series of sheet guide and support rollers extend transversely of the longitudinal direction of the sheet.
  • the casing comprises part-cylindrical portions surrounding the rollers and the planar portions are disposed between two adjacent ones of the rollers which are located on the same side of the sheet. Cooling water is supplied to the chambers and flows in a direction substantially parallel to the plane of the sheet.
  • SHEET 2 MACHINE FOR COOLING METAL SHEETS OR PLATES The present invention relates to processes employed for cooling metal sheets or plates and to the machines and plants for carrying out said processes.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a machine for cooling sheets which overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks of conventional machines and enables in particular high cooling rates to be attained for the treatment of thick sheets or plates without however increasing to an excessive extent the power employed.
  • the invention provides a machine for cooling sheets or plates comprising sheet support and guide means, a casing having at least two parallel planar walls disposed in facing relation and defining therebetween a gap whose width exceeds the thickness of the sheet to be cooled so as to define two chambers with the sheet, and means for circulating in said chambers a current of cooling water which moves in a direction substantially parallel to the plane of the sheet, wherein the machine comprises a series of parallel guide rollers which are disposed transversely of the longitudinal direction of the sheet, said casing including planar walls disposed between two adjacent rollers which are located on the same side of the sheet, and substantially cylindrical portions surrounding said rollers.
  • water is made to flow around said guide means.
  • the water may be supplied in the region of some of these rollers whereas it may be discharged in the region of other rollers.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial diagrammatic view of a machine according to the invention
  • FIGS. 2 to 6 are similar views of modifications of the machine
  • FIG. 7 is a partial perspective view of a partial modification of the machine.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram of a cooling plant according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a part ofa machine according to the invention for cooling metal sheets or plates, as the metal sheet T, the mean thickness of which may be as much as, or even exceed, 30 mm.
  • This machine comprises a series of support and guide rollers 10a, 10b; 11a, 11b.
  • the essentialelements of the machine disposed symmetrically onv each side of the mean plane of the sheet, will be designated by the same reference numerals to which index a is added for the upper elements and b for the lower elements.
  • the machine comprises a metal casing or enclosure 12 which extends between the guide rollers at 13a, 13b and surrounds the rollers at 14a.
  • the planar walls 13a, 1312 are substantially parallel to each other and define a gap exceeding the thickness of the sheetso as to define with the latter two chambers 15a, 15b having a width 2.
  • Water circulating means comprise at least one supply pipe 16a, 16b extending for example throughout the length of the rollers 10a, 10b and at least one discharge pipe 17a, 17b also extending throughout the length of the rollers 1 1a, 11b.
  • a cooling plant may comprise a cold water tank 120 at room temperature or at 20 to 25C which supplies water to the machine 100 through a pump 101 or under the effect of gravity, a hot water tank 103 to which the water is conducted as it leaves the machine, a heat exchanger 104 which is supplied with primary cooling water by a pump 105 and with water coming from the tank 103 by a pump 106.
  • This exchanger supplies the tank 102 with water cooled by the primary fluid.
  • the speed of movement of the water current or flow is in any case higher than the speed of translation of the sheet.
  • the power required for pumping the mass of cooling water alongside the .sheet is substantially less than when high-power spray jets are required for passing through the mass of water which accumulates above the sheet in the conventional process.
  • the fact of providing rollers inside the machine surrounded by the cooling device permits the construction of a machine whose length may be equal to that of the longest sheets to be treated while the machine allows a correct treatment of smaller sheets.
  • the cooling or quenching liquid results in a higher flow, and consequently a substantially higher rate of treatment than in prior processes, it being possible to arrange that this rate of treatment in particular corresponds to the rate of displacement of the sheet through the rolling mill.
  • Theembodiment shown in FIG. 2 differs from that of FIG. 1 in the provision between two sets of rollers a, 20b; 21a, 21b in the region of which the water is respectively supplied and discharged at 26a, 26b; 27a, 27b of at least one set of additional rollers 29a, 2912 which are also surrounded by the casing 22.
  • the operation of the machine shown in FIG. 2 is similar to that described hereinbefore.
  • the water is supplied and discharged by way of pipes 36a, 36b; 37a, 37b which communicate with chambers 35a, 35b in regions at equal distances from the two sets of adjacent rollers 30a, 30b; 31a, 31b or 31a, 31b; 32a, 32b.
  • the means for supplying and discharging the water of course extend transversely throughout the width of the sheet T.
  • the operation of the machine is, here again, similar, although in this embodiment the water has to flow around rollers such as 30a, 30b; 31a, 31b; 32a, 3212 which might present a few particular problems which may be, for example, solved by the improvement shown in FIG. 4. Note that this improvement is also applicable to the other embodiments described.
  • deflectors 41 which extend from the portion 42 of the casing the nearest to this zone form ing a curvilinear dihedral, roughly along the bisector plane" of this dihedral.
  • these deflectors are orientable so as to facilitate, for example, the introduction of the sheet T or modify the conditions under which the water circulates.
  • rollers 50a, 50b are hollow (see bores 53a, 53b) and include radial passages 54a, 54b which open onto their periphery.
  • sets of adjacent guide rollers, or sets of guide rollers separated by other sets of guide rollers serve respectively to supply and discharge water.
  • this embodiment which is of interest from the point of view of homogeneity of the cooling, has the drawback of embossing or goffing the sheets since the guide rollers are not smooth.
  • the machine according to the invention may be employed in two different ways:
  • the sheet passes through the machine without stopping which enables the overall length of the machine to be reduced. If this operation is carried out in accordance with one of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, homogeneity in the mechanical characteristics of the sheet is achieved at all points. This arrangement is therefore preferred.
  • the casing in order to render the machine capable of receiving sheets of different thicknesses or to regulate the performances, the casing may be constructed in two substantially symmetrical parts adapted to be displaced vertically with respect to each other so as to adjust the gap between the facing horizontal walls.
  • the adjusting means employed may then be for example similar to those employed for adjusting the gap or nip between the rolls of the rolling mill producing the sheet.
  • the machine may also be made adjustable in width.
  • the means for affording lateral fluidtightness or sealing must of course be adapted to allow such adjustments and the water circuit must also be adjustable correspondingly.
  • the form of the orifices through which the water is supplied or discharged may be chosen to suit the various arrangements.
  • these orifices may be continuous or discontinuous.
  • a machine for cooling metal sheets or plates comprising a casing having at least two substantially planar and substantially parallel portions in facing relation to each other and defining therebetween a gap having a width which exceeds the thickness of the sheet to be cooled so as to define two chambers with the sheet, means for supplying said chambers with a current of cooling water which moves substantially in a direction substantially parallel to the plane of the sheet, a series of parallel sheet support and guide rollers which are disposed transversely of the longitudinal direction of the sheet, said substantially planar portions being disposed between two adjacent rollers of said rollers which are located on the same side of the sheet, the casing further comprising substantially part-cylindrical portions surrounding said rollers.
  • rollers are hollow and include radial passages which put the interior of the rollers in communication with the periphery of the rollers and through which passages the water is supplied and discharged.
  • a machine as claimed in claim ll comprising deflectors in the vicinity of regions of connection between the planar portions and the part-cylindrical portions of the casing, said deflectors extending from said connection regions toward a sheet-receiving gap between ad jacent and corresponding rollers.
  • a machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the casing is metallic and includes a jacket in at least its planar portions for receiving a supply of cooling fluid.
  • a machine as claimed in claim 1 adapted to receive sheets of different widths, the water supply means being correspondingly adjustable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
US462580A 1973-03-26 1974-04-19 Machine for cooling metal sheets or plates Expired - Lifetime US3885581A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7310710A FR2223096B1 (ru) 1973-03-26 1973-03-26
GB1297474A GB1461346A (en) 1973-03-26 1974-03-22 Machine for cooling metal sheets or plates
JP3334774A JPS5311247B2 (ru) 1973-03-26 1974-03-25
DE2414445A DE2414445C2 (de) 1973-03-26 1974-03-26 Vorrichtung zum Kühlen von warmgewalzten Blechen
US462580A US3885581A (en) 1973-03-26 1974-04-19 Machine for cooling metal sheets or plates
FR7739835A FR2413141A1 (fr) 1973-03-26 1977-12-30 Agencement des extremites d'entree et de sortie d'une machine de refoidissement de toles
GB7848175A GB2011295B (en) 1973-03-26 1978-12-12 Arrangement of the imput and output ends of a metal sheet cooling machine
DE2856470A DE2856470C3 (de) 1973-03-26 1978-12-28 Vorrichtung zum Kühlen von Blechen unter Verwendung einer Kühlflüssigkeit
US05/974,016 US4185649A (en) 1973-03-26 1978-12-28 Arrangement of the input and output ends of a metal sheet cooling machine
JP16462278A JPS5496410A (en) 1973-03-26 1978-12-29 Inlet and outlet apparatus of metal plate cooling machine

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7310710A FR2223096B1 (ru) 1973-03-26 1973-03-26
US462580A US3885581A (en) 1973-03-26 1974-04-19 Machine for cooling metal sheets or plates
FR7739835A FR2413141A1 (fr) 1973-03-26 1977-12-30 Agencement des extremites d'entree et de sortie d'une machine de refoidissement de toles

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3885581A true US3885581A (en) 1975-05-27

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US462580A Expired - Lifetime US3885581A (en) 1973-03-26 1974-04-19 Machine for cooling metal sheets or plates
US05/974,016 Expired - Lifetime US4185649A (en) 1973-03-26 1978-12-28 Arrangement of the input and output ends of a metal sheet cooling machine

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/974,016 Expired - Lifetime US4185649A (en) 1973-03-26 1978-12-28 Arrangement of the input and output ends of a metal sheet cooling machine

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US (2) US3885581A (ru)
JP (2) JPS5311247B2 (ru)
DE (2) DE2414445C2 (ru)
FR (2) FR2223096B1 (ru)
GB (2) GB1461346A (ru)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4098495A (en) * 1974-11-22 1978-07-04 Creusot-Loire Method of and apparatus for quenching sheet metal
US4149703A (en) * 1978-01-31 1979-04-17 Drever Company Apparatus for quenching a heated metal plate
US4185648A (en) * 1977-12-30 1980-01-29 Union Siderurgique Du Nord Et De L'est De La France, "Usinor" Machine for treating sheets of variable width
US4185649A (en) * 1973-03-26 1980-01-29 Union Siderurgique Du Nord Et De L'est De La France, "Usinor" Arrangement of the input and output ends of a metal sheet cooling machine
US4197730A (en) * 1977-06-11 1980-04-15 Stahlwerke Peine-Salzgitter Aktiengesellschaft Cooling arrangement
US4198994A (en) * 1977-12-30 1980-04-22 Union Siderurgique Du Nord Et De L'est De La France (Usinor) Device for mounting rollers in a machine for treating metal sheets or the like
US4209345A (en) * 1977-12-30 1980-06-24 Union Siderurgique Dunord et de l'Est de la France (USINOR) Machine for treating metal sheets
FR2480423A1 (fr) * 1980-04-14 1981-10-16 Ondulit Italiana Srl Dispositif pour le refroidissement controle d'un article en ruban
US4298188A (en) * 1979-06-13 1981-11-03 Union Siderurgique Du Nord Et De L'est De La France ("Usinor") Machines for cooling metal sheets or like products
US4486009A (en) * 1982-03-18 1984-12-04 Aktien-Gesellschaft der Dillinger Huttenwerks Apparatus for cooling sheet metal panels
US4575052A (en) * 1981-11-19 1986-03-11 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Apparatus for continuously quenching a steel plate
US4720310A (en) * 1981-11-26 1988-01-19 Union Siderurgique Du Nord Et De L'est De La France (Usinor) Process for effecting the controlled cooling of metal sheets
US4724856A (en) * 1986-03-17 1988-02-16 Pender Don P Dynamic flood conveyor
GB2197581A (en) * 1986-11-21 1988-05-25 Teledyne Ind Cleaning of printed circuit panels
US4813652A (en) * 1981-11-26 1989-03-21 Union Siderurgique Du Nord Et De L'est De La France (Usinor) Plant for effecting the controlled cooling of metal sheets
US5762082A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-06-09 International Business Machines Corporation Precision fluid head transport
US5862820A (en) * 1996-09-27 1999-01-26 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Blank material washing booth and system
US5873949A (en) * 1994-12-10 1999-02-23 Hennigsdorfer Stahl Engineering Gmbh Device for pressurized water discharge pipe
US6305096B1 (en) * 1998-03-11 2001-10-23 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Pickling device
US20030024551A1 (en) * 2001-08-06 2003-02-06 Yang Tom W. Instrument treatment station
FR2996470A1 (fr) * 2012-10-05 2014-04-11 Cockerill Maintenance & Ingenierie Sa Dispositif de captage de chaleur par conduction et enceinte de refroidissement comportant un tel dispositif
CN104313273A (zh) * 2014-10-08 2015-01-28 中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司 一种自吸式喷嘴
US20150053272A1 (en) * 2012-03-27 2015-02-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Pressure stabilization method

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US4132393A (en) * 1976-06-30 1979-01-02 Nippon Steel Corporation Apparatus for cooling hot steel plate and sheet
JPS5792141A (en) * 1980-11-27 1982-06-08 Kawasaki Steel Corp Continuous hardening device for steel plate
FR2497829B1 (fr) * 1981-01-09 1986-07-25 Usinor Dispositif d'obturation des extremites d'une machine de traitement de toles
FR2497694A1 (fr) * 1981-01-09 1982-07-16 Usinor Agencement des extremites d'entree et de sortie d'une machine de refroidissement de toles
FR2497828B1 (fr) * 1981-01-09 1986-07-25 Usinor Dispositif d'etancheite pour machine de traitement de toles
DE3145815C2 (de) * 1981-11-19 1984-08-09 AGA Gas GmbH, 2102 Hamburg Verfahren zum Entfernen von ablösungsfähigen Materialschichten von beschichteten Gegenständen,
FR2517039A1 (fr) * 1981-11-26 1983-05-27 Usinor Procede et installation pour effectuer le refroidissement controle de toles
DE3234160C2 (de) * 1982-09-15 1986-10-23 Bwg Bergwerk- Und Walzwerk-Maschinenbau Gmbh, 4100 Duisburg Verfahren und Warmbandstraße zum Herstellen von dünnem Metallband, insbesondere Metall-Breitband, aus Warmband
DE3234162C2 (de) * 1982-09-15 1985-01-17 Bwg Bergwerk- Und Walzwerk-Maschinenbau Gmbh, 4100 Duisburg Vorrichtung zum Führen von Walzgut in einem mit Kühlflüssigkeit gefüllten Kühlbecken zum Kühlen von Warmband, insbesondere Warmbreitband
DE3313024A1 (de) * 1983-04-12 1984-10-18 Babcock-BSH AG vormals Büttner-Schilde-Haas AG, 4150 Krefeld Verfahren und vorrichtung zum abschrecken von durchlaufenden stahlblechen, insbesondere von grob- oder mittelblechen, unter gleichzeitigem kontrolliertem richten
US4577482A (en) * 1984-06-18 1986-03-25 Wean United, Inc. Method and apparatus for treating work rolls in a rolling mill
FR2571384A1 (fr) * 1984-10-09 1986-04-11 Bertin & Cie Procede de trempe au defile de toles d'un metal tel que l'acier et installation pour sa mise en oeuvre
BE900784A (fr) * 1984-10-09 1985-04-09 Centre Rech Metallurgique Dispositif pour refroidir un produit metallique en mouvement et installation en comportant l'apllication.
US4722355A (en) * 1985-08-19 1988-02-02 Rolf Moe Machine and method for stripping photoresist from wafers
DE3817237C2 (de) * 1988-05-20 1997-02-27 Krenn Walter Verfahren und Druckkühlaggregat zum Abkühlen durchlaufenden heißen Produktionsguts aus Stahl und anderem, durch Führen des Wärmeentzugs über stufenlos regelbare Druckwasser-Stauränder
DE4015438A1 (de) * 1990-05-14 1991-11-21 Sundwiger Eisen Maschinen Vorrichtung zum nachkuehlen und aufwickeln von gegossenen metallbaendern
DE4421082A1 (de) * 1994-06-16 1995-12-21 Schloemann Siemag Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Intensivierung des Kontaktes zwischen einem Walzband mit einer Flüssigkeit
DE10020633A1 (de) * 2000-04-27 2001-11-08 Sms Demag Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln der Oberfläche von metallischem Bandgut, insbesondere zum Beizen von Walzgut
CA2846809C (en) 2011-08-29 2020-06-09 Basf Se Ladder
CN102601174B (zh) * 2012-03-05 2014-03-05 常熟市非凡金属制品有限公司 圆钢坯淬火矫直机
CN102527779B (zh) * 2012-03-05 2013-09-25 常熟市非凡金属制品有限公司 钢坯淬火矫直机

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Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4185649A (en) * 1973-03-26 1980-01-29 Union Siderurgique Du Nord Et De L'est De La France, "Usinor" Arrangement of the input and output ends of a metal sheet cooling machine
US4098495A (en) * 1974-11-22 1978-07-04 Creusot-Loire Method of and apparatus for quenching sheet metal
US4197730A (en) * 1977-06-11 1980-04-15 Stahlwerke Peine-Salzgitter Aktiengesellschaft Cooling arrangement
US4209345A (en) * 1977-12-30 1980-06-24 Union Siderurgique Dunord et de l'Est de la France (USINOR) Machine for treating metal sheets
US4185648A (en) * 1977-12-30 1980-01-29 Union Siderurgique Du Nord Et De L'est De La France, "Usinor" Machine for treating sheets of variable width
US4198994A (en) * 1977-12-30 1980-04-22 Union Siderurgique Du Nord Et De L'est De La France (Usinor) Device for mounting rollers in a machine for treating metal sheets or the like
US4149703A (en) * 1978-01-31 1979-04-17 Drever Company Apparatus for quenching a heated metal plate
US4298188A (en) * 1979-06-13 1981-11-03 Union Siderurgique Du Nord Et De L'est De La France ("Usinor") Machines for cooling metal sheets or like products
FR2480423A1 (fr) * 1980-04-14 1981-10-16 Ondulit Italiana Srl Dispositif pour le refroidissement controle d'un article en ruban
US4575052A (en) * 1981-11-19 1986-03-11 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Apparatus for continuously quenching a steel plate
US4720310A (en) * 1981-11-26 1988-01-19 Union Siderurgique Du Nord Et De L'est De La France (Usinor) Process for effecting the controlled cooling of metal sheets
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2223096B1 (ru) 1976-09-10
FR2413141B1 (ru) 1982-04-30
JPS5311247B2 (ru) 1978-04-20
FR2413141A1 (fr) 1979-07-27
JPS5715180B2 (ru) 1982-03-29
GB2011295A (en) 1979-07-11
DE2856470A1 (de) 1979-07-05
US4185649A (en) 1980-01-29
DE2414445C2 (de) 1984-05-03
DE2856470C3 (de) 1982-02-25
JPS5026707A (ru) 1975-03-19
DE2856470B2 (de) 1981-07-02
GB1461346A (en) 1977-01-13
JPS5496410A (en) 1979-07-30
DE2414445A1 (de) 1974-10-10
FR2223096A1 (ru) 1974-10-25
GB2011295B (en) 1982-02-03

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