US3881697A - Roadside safety apparatus - Google Patents

Roadside safety apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3881697A
US3881697A US407998A US40799873A US3881697A US 3881697 A US3881697 A US 3881697A US 407998 A US407998 A US 407998A US 40799873 A US40799873 A US 40799873A US 3881697 A US3881697 A US 3881697A
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United States
Prior art keywords
barrier
barrier defined
bars
upright
sheet metal
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Expired - Lifetime
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US407998A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ernest Glaesener
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Arcelor Luxembourg SA
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Arbed SA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F15/00—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact
    • E01F15/14—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact specially adapted for local protection, e.g. for bridge piers, for traffic islands
    • E01F15/145—Means for vehicle stopping using impact energy absorbers
    • E01F15/146—Means for vehicle stopping using impact energy absorbers fixed arrangements

Definitions

  • F1: 256 13 l 1 vehicle comprises a support and upright barriers Sta? 1 e o I gered transversely and of increasing cross-section of area in the direction of travel.
  • the barrier is [56] References Cited a plurality of upright posts increasing in number and- UNITED STATES PATENTS [or individual cross section at different locations ap- 2,088,087 7/1937 Hudson 256/1 proaching the stationary object. 2,134,624 10/1938 Royall... 256/1 3,503,600 3/1970 Rich 256/1 Claims 12 DnwinK SHEET 2 OF 3 PSLTEHTEE HAY SIQFS ROADSIDE SAFETY APPARATUS FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • My present invention relates to a road barrier and especially to a safety system for protecting moving traffic against impact with stationary roadside objects and stationary objects from impact with automotive and other vehicles commonly traveling at elevated speeds and with high kinetic energy.
  • Such systems may require a multiplicity of spacedapart upright posts and guard rails spanning the posts and of a strength sufficient to absorb by deformation the impact energy of a vehicle and to prevent the vehicle from going through the guard rail or caroming thereover.
  • the rail should not be excessively rigid, in order to limit damage to the vehicle; and it must not be of such design as simply to deflect the vehicle onto parallel traffic without reduction of speed or energy absorption.
  • the second type of barrier is designed for local protection and may be disposed at abutments along a traffic lane, e.g. at the start of a median strip, at the junction between a turnoff and a main traffic lane, at lightposts, stanchions, sign-posts or other uprights disposed on the road shoulder, directly upon roadways between traffic lanes, at walls and pillars of overpasses, and the like.
  • These barriers must be of the energy-absorbing type and may consist of bodies filled with sand or a liquid and designed to receive an impact with the vehicle such that the vehicle speed is progressively reduced and all of the impact energy is not instantaneously dissipated. The deceleration of the passengers is thus held to a reasonable level and the danger of serious damage to the vehicle is minimized.
  • Guard rail systems are defective for these purposes since they operate efficiently only when the angle of impact is relatively small, i.e. when the vehicle is traveling generally parallel to the guard rail even on impact.
  • the guard rail is incapable of withstanding head-on impact and consequently long lengths of guard rail must be used to protect lamp posts and the like by the deflection technique where such protection is desired.
  • an energy-dissipating arrangement using one or more drum-shaped bodies filled with sand or another fluid and generally constituted of rubber or some other yieldable material which may be provided in the direction of vehicle travel directly ahead of the object to be protected.
  • drum may be torn away or may be ineffective on leverage grounds in the energy-absorbing interception of a motor vehicle.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved barrier for stationary objects along a roadway negotiated by vehicle travel.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a safety device of the character described which is not only satisfactory to protect vehicle passengers but also the vehicle and is operative against vehicles traveling at high speed prior to impact with roadside objects or hazards.
  • the elements are posts formed of an outer tube of sheet steel between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm thick at least some of which are filled with a synthetic-resin foam having a density of at most kp/m (l kp l kilopond l kilogram-force). These posts extend between 0.6 m and 1.0 m above the ground and are sunk in the ground between 15 cm and 40 cm.
  • the array has a length of at least 10 m and is preferably between 15 m and 20 m long.
  • the elements have walls formed of two separate upright wall sheets which have vertical corrugations that define vertically elongated spaces or cells that constitute the individual elements and can be, as described above, filled with synthetic-resin foam.
  • the cells are hexagonal and are either arrayed as a honeycomb with a higher percentge of filled cells in the direction of the object, or are of increasing cross-sectional size toward the object.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are top and side-sectional views of a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 3-7 are side views partly in section showing five different embodiments of the posts according to this invention.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 are top views of other embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a side view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 9'.
  • FIG. 11 is a top view of a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a side view of yet another embodiment.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 a pair of roadways 11 are separated by a median strip 12 which is provided with a guard rail 13 supported on posts as described in my copending applications Ser. No. 296,653 filed Oct. 11, 1972 and Ser. No. 373,867 filed July 26, 1973.
  • the median strip 12 is provided with a barrier 14 comprising a base formed of a concete block 22 and a cover plate in which are sunk a plurality of upright posts 15 which are disposed in transverse rows and are staggered from row to row in the direction of vehicle travel toward the abutment.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates how the cross-sectional density, i.e. the overall cross-sectional area of the posts 15 per unit of surface area, increases toward the guard rail 13 by reason of increase of individual post cross section and/or increase in the number of posts.
  • Each uniform or continuous cross-section (nonstepped) post 15 as shown in FIG. 3 comprises an outer galvanized steel tube in which a mass 16 of syntheticresin foam is molded.
  • the posts 15 are each received in the base in a socket 17 formed of an upright cylindrical steel tube 19 welded to the cover plate 20 and in turn fitted with a bottom plate 21 so as to form an upwardly open cylindrical socket of a depth of cm.
  • the elements 19, 20 and 21 are all heavy galvanized sheet steel having a thickness of 15 mm.
  • the posts are similarly made of galvanized steel 0.75 mm thick and are filled with a polyurethane foam having a bulk density of 80 lcp/m in those posts closer to the object 13.
  • the diameter of the remote posts is 100 mm, while those closer to the object 13 are 150 mm in diameter.
  • the overall height B of these posts increases from 50 cm remote from the object 13 to 100 cm closer to Ill.
  • the posts are not only thicker and taller near the guard rail 13, but they are more closely spaced. In this manner a motor vehicle traveling in direction 23 which collides with the endmost post will be braked at an increasingly greater rate as it approaches the guard rail 13, its kinetic energy being absorbed by the posts 15 as they bend and deform. After the accident the damaged posts can be quickly replaced by a highway crew which can cut posts of the right size from long pieces, or may simply have an available supply of variously sized posts.
  • FIG. 4 shows a variant form of post 15' having a metal sleeve 25 as described above which is not, however, galvanized, but is filled with polyurethane foam 16.
  • a coating 26 of polyurethane with a nonporous skin surrounds the tube so as to protect it from corrosion.
  • the socket 17' here is a simple tube 19 set in the concrete monolith 22' which is provided with reinforcement bars 27. In this manner the breaking of monolith 22' is avoided when the post 15' is struck and fabrication is made cheaper by elimination of plate 20.
  • FIG. 5 A less expensive embodiment is shown in FIG. 5 wherein the post 15 is sunk directly into a monolith 22' without a socket, but provided with reinforcement 27.
  • This arrangement is particularly useful where protection must be provided but the chance of collision is quite slight, or where damage resulting from freezing is a great problem.
  • the disadvantage is that replacement of individual damaged posts is difficult, a problem which can be partially circumvented by providing the base 22 as a plurality of blocks which can be removed and replaced by a unit having the posts embedded in a block. Of course a new block can be cast around the posts in situ.
  • a socket 17" is formed of a single pointed tube 19" which is simply driven into the ground 29 and which loosely receives a post 15''.
  • This arrangement is inexpensive and quite effective, as the socket 17" can have a length of 40 cm, exclusive of the pointed tip, so as to insure a firm seating of the post 15" in the ground.
  • This post 15" here is hollow and is provided with a synthetic-resin cap 28 which may bear a reflector.
  • FIG. 7 has the socket 17' of FIG. 7 and the tube 15'' of FIG. 6 sunk directly in the ground 29, which may be the macadam road surface. In all cases the sockets receive the posts with sufficient play to prevent them from becoming so tightly wedged that removal is difficult.
  • the barrier shown in FIG. 9 comprises a pair of sheet metal walls 37 which are formed with vertical corrugations and stand next to one another so as to form elongated hexagons 35 some of which are filled with polyurethane foam 16' as described above. Webs 36 are formed between the individual upright cells 35.
  • the walls 37 are sunk in the concrete base 22 and the cells are of continuous cross-sectional shape from top to bottom as in the above-described embodiments. Once again the size of the cells as well as the percentage of filled cells increases toward the stationary guard rail 13 for increasing impact resistance.
  • FIG. 1 I shows a honeycomb arrangement formed of upright metal walls forming cells filled partially as shown at 16".
  • the overall width of the barrier here increases toward the object as does the percentage of filled cells.
  • the posts, cells, or the like are all shown to be upright, and in FIGS. 1l1 to be perfectly vertical. It is also possible as shown in FIG. 12 to tilt them slightly into the direction 23 of oncoming traffic, so that their axes A lie at a slight angle to the vertical. This position tends to overcome any tendency of the impacting vehicles to climb over the barrier.
  • the overall length A of the barrier according to the invention is at least 10 m, and preferably between 15 m and 20 m.
  • the posts 15 will strike the front or side of the vehicle, depending on how it impacts the barrier, and will be bent over, thereby absorbing the kinetic energy of the vehicle.
  • These posts will not break off and leave a stub that will rip open the bottom of the vehicle, thereby opening the gas tank and creating a fire hazard, nor will they do a great deal of damage to the vehicle.
  • the length and width of the array depends on the type of traffic conditions dealt with, and the danger which the stationary object presents.
  • a concrete bridge abutment in a heavily traveled area would be very thickly surrounded by such a barrier, whereas a lamppost on a rural road would need to be less heavily protected.
  • a barrier which not only presents increasing resistance from both ends to a central stationary object, but which also has a greater cross-sectional area toward its longitudinal center line would be provided in order to prevent a vehicle which sideswipes the barrier and is then turned by the impact from ploughing through it and entering the other lane.
  • a road barrier for protection of a vehicle and its occupants in an impact with a stationary object comprising a support base widening in the direction of said object, and a correspondingly widening array of a multiplicity of upright elongated impactabsorbing bendable elements having lower ends mounted on said support base and each consisting of an upright bar having a lower end sunk into said support and extending below the grounds, said bars having free upper ends and being of generally continuous cross section throughout their length and being arrayed so as to provide a greater cross-sectional density per unit of sur face area close to said object than remote therefrom, said bars being spaced apart and staggered along said support base, the number of bars per unit ground area being greater close to said object than remote therefrom.
  • each of said bars has a metal wall defining an upright space.
  • each of said bars includes an upright sheet metal tube constituting its said wall.
  • the barrier defined in claim 6 further comprising a plurality of sockets in the support base each adapted to receive a respective element.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
US407998A 1972-10-21 1973-10-19 Roadside safety apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3881697A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2251749A DE2251749A1 (de) 1972-10-21 1972-10-21 Sicherheitsvorrichtung im strassenverkehr

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3881697A true US3881697A (en) 1975-05-06

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Family Applications (1)

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US407998A Expired - Lifetime US3881697A (en) 1972-10-21 1973-10-19 Roadside safety apparatus

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Country Link
US (1) US3881697A (fr)
JP (1) JPS4995434A (fr)
AT (1) AT338315B (fr)
BE (1) BE806316A (fr)
CA (1) CA1015191A (fr)
CH (1) CH575051A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE2251749A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK140346C (fr)
ES (1) ES196445Y (fr)
FR (1) FR2203914B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1453077A (fr)
IT (1) IT996320B (fr)
LU (1) LU68466A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL7314165A (fr)
NO (1) NO142967C (fr)
SE (1) SE383008B (fr)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4290585A (en) * 1978-04-15 1981-09-22 Arbed S.A. Vehicle-stopping device for safety barriers
US4822208A (en) * 1987-11-23 1989-04-18 The Texas A&M University System Advanced dynamic impact extension module
US4909661A (en) * 1987-11-23 1990-03-20 The Texas A&M University System Advanced dynamic impact extension module
US6213540B1 (en) * 1997-06-27 2001-04-10 The Dow Chemical Company Energy absorbing articles of extruded thermoplastic foams
US6454488B1 (en) * 2000-02-02 2002-09-24 David Lewis, Sr. Roadway energy absorbing impact attenuator
WO2003069070A1 (fr) * 2002-02-14 2003-08-21 Cisdi S.P.A. Ensemble d'elements amortisseurs pour des barrieres de protection
US6648546B1 (en) * 1998-12-17 2003-11-18 New Tokyo International Airport Authority Structure for embedding embedded-type light
US20070007502A1 (en) * 2005-07-08 2007-01-11 Hakan Nilsson End gating terminal for a wire rope safety barrier and wire rope safety barrier equipped with such an end gating terminal
US20080116607A1 (en) * 2004-04-16 2008-05-22 Andries Jan Miedema Method and Apparatus for Manufacture of a Product from Composite Material
US20080121855A1 (en) * 2006-11-29 2008-05-29 Michael Keith Stewart Perma post
WO2020018661A3 (fr) * 2018-07-17 2020-02-13 Mccue Corporation Système de barrière et procédé d'installation de système de barrière
EP3686346A1 (fr) 2019-01-28 2020-07-29 Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna Amortisseur d'impact
USD930189S1 (en) 2019-07-17 2021-09-07 Mccue Corporation Bollard
US20220220681A1 (en) * 2021-01-08 2022-07-14 Traffix Devices, Inc. Transitions for joining crash impact attenuator systems to fixed structures
US11427976B2 (en) 2018-07-17 2022-08-30 Mccue Corporation Barrier system and barrier system installation method

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2314303A1 (fr) * 1975-06-12 1977-01-07 Moreau Joel Barriere de securite notamment pour autoroute et procede de fabrication de ladite barriere de securite
FR2425503A2 (fr) * 1978-05-09 1979-12-07 Moreau Joel Barriere de securite notamment pour autoroutes
DE3809470A1 (de) * 1988-03-21 1989-10-12 Sps Schutzplanken Gmbh Stossdaempfende vorrichtung fuer schutzplankeneinrichtungen
JPH0482017U (fr) * 1990-11-22 1992-07-16
US5403112A (en) * 1993-09-08 1995-04-04 Vanderbilt University Crash impact attenuator constructed from high molecular weight/high density polyethylene
US5823584A (en) * 1996-10-08 1998-10-20 Vanderbilt University Vehicle mounted crash impact attenuator
EP1026327B1 (fr) * 1999-02-08 2003-07-09 SPIG Schutzplanken-Produktions-Gesellschaft mbH & Co.KG Dispositif atténuateur de choc
US6637971B1 (en) 2001-11-01 2003-10-28 Worcester Polytechnic Institute Reusable high molecular weight/high density polyethylene guardrail
CN106758987A (zh) * 2016-12-23 2017-05-31 成都佳美嘉科技有限公司 隔离加强防护栏

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2088087A (en) * 1936-05-01 1937-07-27 American Rolling Mill Co Crash bumper and the like
US2134624A (en) * 1936-07-02 1938-10-25 Horace H Royall Snow slide preventer
US3503600A (en) * 1967-08-30 1970-03-31 John W Rich Liquid shock absorbing buffer
US3606258A (en) * 1969-01-02 1971-09-20 Fibco Inc Energy absorbing deceleration barriers
US3643924A (en) * 1970-09-24 1972-02-22 Fibco Inc Highway safety device
US3674115A (en) * 1970-09-23 1972-07-04 Energy Absorption System Liquid shock absorbing buffer
US3680662A (en) * 1970-06-22 1972-08-01 Rich Enterprises Inc John Liquid shock absorbing buffer
US3693940A (en) * 1970-12-08 1972-09-26 Menasco Mfg Co Energy absorbing barrier post assembly
US3704861A (en) * 1971-05-28 1972-12-05 Arbed Roadway guard-rail assembly
US3784167A (en) * 1971-10-15 1974-01-08 Arbed Guard-rail assembly with pivotal support posts

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3141655A (en) * 1961-12-05 1964-07-21 Fletcher N Platt Energy absorbing device
GB991522A (en) * 1963-05-16 1965-05-12 Fletcher Nicholson Platt Crash barriers
FR1531420A (fr) * 1967-03-07 1968-07-05 Eurotechni Office Glissière de sécurité pour routes et autoroutes
DE1954856A1 (de) * 1969-10-31 1971-05-06 Bastian Bertold Dipl Kfm Strassensicherheitsanlage,insbesondere Auffahrschutz und Fahrbahnsicherheitsbegrenzung
LU63176A1 (fr) * 1970-05-29 1972-03-03 Arbed
US3672657A (en) * 1970-09-23 1972-06-27 Energy Absorption System Liquid shock absorbing buffer
JPS4945849Y2 (fr) * 1971-03-19 1974-12-16

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2088087A (en) * 1936-05-01 1937-07-27 American Rolling Mill Co Crash bumper and the like
US2134624A (en) * 1936-07-02 1938-10-25 Horace H Royall Snow slide preventer
US3503600A (en) * 1967-08-30 1970-03-31 John W Rich Liquid shock absorbing buffer
US3606258A (en) * 1969-01-02 1971-09-20 Fibco Inc Energy absorbing deceleration barriers
US3680662A (en) * 1970-06-22 1972-08-01 Rich Enterprises Inc John Liquid shock absorbing buffer
US3674115A (en) * 1970-09-23 1972-07-04 Energy Absorption System Liquid shock absorbing buffer
US3643924A (en) * 1970-09-24 1972-02-22 Fibco Inc Highway safety device
US3693940A (en) * 1970-12-08 1972-09-26 Menasco Mfg Co Energy absorbing barrier post assembly
US3704861A (en) * 1971-05-28 1972-12-05 Arbed Roadway guard-rail assembly
US3784167A (en) * 1971-10-15 1974-01-08 Arbed Guard-rail assembly with pivotal support posts

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4290585A (en) * 1978-04-15 1981-09-22 Arbed S.A. Vehicle-stopping device for safety barriers
US4822208A (en) * 1987-11-23 1989-04-18 The Texas A&M University System Advanced dynamic impact extension module
US4909661A (en) * 1987-11-23 1990-03-20 The Texas A&M University System Advanced dynamic impact extension module
US6213540B1 (en) * 1997-06-27 2001-04-10 The Dow Chemical Company Energy absorbing articles of extruded thermoplastic foams
US6648546B1 (en) * 1998-12-17 2003-11-18 New Tokyo International Airport Authority Structure for embedding embedded-type light
US6454488B1 (en) * 2000-02-02 2002-09-24 David Lewis, Sr. Roadway energy absorbing impact attenuator
WO2003069070A1 (fr) * 2002-02-14 2003-08-21 Cisdi S.P.A. Ensemble d'elements amortisseurs pour des barrieres de protection
US20080116607A1 (en) * 2004-04-16 2008-05-22 Andries Jan Miedema Method and Apparatus for Manufacture of a Product from Composite Material
US20070007502A1 (en) * 2005-07-08 2007-01-11 Hakan Nilsson End gating terminal for a wire rope safety barrier and wire rope safety barrier equipped with such an end gating terminal
US20080121855A1 (en) * 2006-11-29 2008-05-29 Michael Keith Stewart Perma post
WO2020018661A3 (fr) * 2018-07-17 2020-02-13 Mccue Corporation Système de barrière et procédé d'installation de système de barrière
US11427976B2 (en) 2018-07-17 2022-08-30 Mccue Corporation Barrier system and barrier system installation method
EP3686346A1 (fr) 2019-01-28 2020-07-29 Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna Amortisseur d'impact
USD930189S1 (en) 2019-07-17 2021-09-07 Mccue Corporation Bollard
USD976442S1 (en) 2019-07-17 2023-01-24 Mccue Corporation Bollard
USD976443S1 (en) 2019-07-17 2023-01-24 Mccue Corporation Bollard
US20220220681A1 (en) * 2021-01-08 2022-07-14 Traffix Devices, Inc. Transitions for joining crash impact attenuator systems to fixed structures

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK140346C (da) 1979-12-31
FR2203914A1 (fr) 1974-05-17
NL7314165A (fr) 1974-04-23
DK140346B (da) 1979-08-06
ES196445U (es) 1975-03-16
IT996320B (it) 1975-12-10
GB1453077A (en) 1976-10-20
NO142967B (no) 1980-08-11
CH575051A5 (fr) 1976-04-30
CA1015191A (en) 1977-08-09
AT338315B (de) 1977-08-25
NO142967C (no) 1980-11-26
ATA827873A (de) 1976-12-15
LU68466A1 (fr) 1973-12-07
BE806316A (fr) 1974-02-15
DE2251749A1 (de) 1974-05-02
JPS4995434A (fr) 1974-09-10
SE383008B (sv) 1976-02-23
FR2203914B1 (fr) 1976-11-19
ES196445Y (es) 1975-07-16

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