US3844849A - Nickel-iron magnetic alloys comprising chromium and molybdenum - Google Patents

Nickel-iron magnetic alloys comprising chromium and molybdenum Download PDF

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US3844849A
US3844849A US00325144A US32514473A US3844849A US 3844849 A US3844849 A US 3844849A US 00325144 A US00325144 A US 00325144A US 32514473 A US32514473 A US 32514473A US 3844849 A US3844849 A US 3844849A
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alloy
magnetic
weight percent
nickel
amount
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N Kuroda
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Sony Corp
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Sony Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B5/10—Structure or manufacture of housings or shields for heads
    • G11B5/11—Shielding of head against electric or magnetic fields

Definitions

  • the present invention relatesgenerally to magnetic alloys and more particularly to magnetic alloys which are useful as magnetic shield material for magnetic heads.
  • magnetic shield materials for a magnetic head have been formed of an iron-nickel binary alloy consisting of 79 weight percent nickel and 21 weight ,percentliron, that is, a-so-called 79-Permalloy.
  • the 79- Permalloy has magnetic characteristics whereby its initial permeability is more than 3,000 and its magnetic flux density is more than 3,-O0Gausses. Such magnetic characteristics are most preferable for a magnetic shield material that is to be used in combination with a magnetic head.
  • Such a 79-Permalloy however, has the drawback that its manufacturing cost is rather high due to the fact that it is difficult to work during manufacturing processes and that it contains a large amount of nickel which is uneconomical.
  • 45-Permalloy (containing 45 weight percent nickel and 55 weight percent iron) has been also proposed, which is relatively easily processed during manufacturing due to the fact that it contains less nickel but has enough magnetic characteristics to function as a magnetic shield material for a magnetic head.
  • rust is apt to be formed on such 45-Permalloy. In other words, rust is gathered on a shield case or plate made of 45-Permalloy during a rinsing step in a typical manufacturing process or after manufacturing, so that 45- Permalloy is not practically useful.
  • both of the 79-Permalloy and 45-Permalloy are about 120-130 in hardness (Vickers scale) and show poor wear resistance. For this reason, a magnetic shield and/or head composed of such Permalloys has a short life time and is undesirable for use in magnetic recording and/or reproducing on and/or with a magnetic tape using chromium dioxide powders.
  • the present invention provides a magnetic shield material wherein a part of the iron or the nickel content in an iron-nickel alloy is substituted by chromium and molybdenum to provide an iron-nickelchromium-molybdenum quadruple or quaternary alloy, by which the drawbacks encountered in the prior art are avoided.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing relationship between amounts of 'Cr, Mo and Ni added to ternary alloys of (FeNi)Cr, (FeNi)Mo and a binary alloy (-FeNi)Ni, respectively, and the rust forming rates of thus manufactured alloys;
  • FIG. 4 is a graph sowing relationship between the ratio of Ni/Fe in a ternary alloy (FeNi)Cr and the amount of Cr therein at a-critical point where the rust disappears during rust forming test in salt water;
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing a characteristic curve which illustrates the state of magnetic flux modification produced by changing the amount of Ni in an FeNi aly;
  • FIG. 6 is. a graph showing magnetic characteristic curves, such as the initial permeability 110, maximum magnetic flux density B, and coercive force He, relative to the amount of Cr in a ternary alloy (Fe Ni ,Cr,;
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing magnetic characteristic curves, such as the initial permeability uo, maximum magnetic flux density B, and coercive force Hc relative to the amount of M0 in a ternary alloy (Fe Ni 1;
  • FIG. 8 is a composition diagram showing rust forming rate of quadruple or quaternary alloy (FeNi)CrMo relative to the amounts of Cr and Mo therein;
  • FIG. 9 is a composition diagram showing the magnetic permeability p0, coercive force Hc, and magnetic flux density B of a quadruple alloy (FeNi)CrMo relative to the amounts of Cr and Mo therein;
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing magnetic characteristics, such as the magnetic permeability no, coercive force Hc, and magnetic flux density B of a quadruple alloy (Fe Ni Cr Mo relative to the amount of Mo therein;
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a magnetic head using the magnetic alloys according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 12A to 12D inclusively are cross-sectional views, respectively, illustrating surface conditions of the magnetic head depicted in FIG. 11 after a wear test thereof wherein the shield case and magnetic core of the magnetic head are changed in composition.
  • a magnetic alloy according to the present invention comprises a magnetically heat-treated alloy composed of about 6 to 12 weight percent of chromium (Cr),
  • the magnetic alloy of the invention has the necessary magnetic flux density and initial permeability required for a magnetic shield material for a magnetic head.
  • the magnetic alloys of the invention will be illustrated by various exemplary embodiments set forth hereinafter and their characteristics will be compared to certain other compositions so that those skilled in the art may undertake various alterations and modifications to arrive at a particularly desired magnetic alloy composition.
  • FIGS. 1 to inclusive are, respectively, graphs or diagrams which show the results of experiments carried out for determining the preferred compositions of magnetic alloys in accordance with the principles of the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 respectively, show the relationship between the amounts of chromium (Cr) and molybdenum (Mo) added to an iron-nickel (FeNi) alloy and initial permeabilities of the alloys thus obtained.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of Cr (by weight percent added to an FeNi alloy and the initial permeability no of a ternary alloy FeNiCr thus obtained.
  • the abscissa represents the amount of Cr in weight percent and the ordinate represents the initial permeability, #0.
  • the amount of Fe was selected to be substantially equal to that of Ni in weight percent. From the characteristic curve, namely the relationship shown in FIG. 1, it will be observed that as the amount of Cr added to the FeNi alloy increases, the initial permeability to of FeNiCr alloy decreases.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of Mo added to an FeNi alloy in which the amount of Fe was selected substantially equal to that of Ni in weight percent and the initial permeability, no of the resultant FeNiMo alloy. It will be observed from the characteristic curve, namely the relationship depicted in FIG. 2, that even if M0 is added to the FeNi alloy in relatively small amounts, the FeNiMo alloy has an initial permeability, #0 higher than that of the FeNiCr alloy by about a factor of 10.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph for showing the relationship between the rust forming rates in the alloys represented by (FeNi)Cr at curve I, (FeNi)Mo at curve II and (FeNi)Ni at curve III with various amounts of Cr, Mo and Ni when the alloys were heated at 600 C. in air.
  • the abscissa represents the amounts of Cr, Mo, and Ni, respectively, while the ordinate shows the rust forming rates.
  • the amounts of Fe and Ni were substantially equal in each case.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph for showing the relationship between the rust forming rates in the alloys represented by (FeNi)Cr at curve I, (FeNi)Mo at curve II and (FeNi)Ni at curve III with various amounts of Cr, Mo and Ni when the alloys were heated at 600 C. in air.
  • the abscissa represents the amounts of Cr, Mo, and Ni, respectively, while the ordinate shows the rust forming rates.
  • the dotted-line curve IV represents the similar relationship of the binary alloy Fe Ni Marked solid points on these curves show the composition where rust was formed on the alloys, which were immersed in salt water of 8 percent and 1.5 percent; marked points having an asterisk show the compositions where rust was formed on the alloys, which were immersed in salt water of 8 percent in 200 hours; and marked circles show the compositions where no rust was formed on the alloys, which were immersed in salt water mentioned above.
  • the rust forming rate on the x period during which the alloys were heated at 600 C. in air, while the abscissa represents the adding rate of the alloy materials, namely, Cr, Mo and Ni by weight percent.
  • an alloy having high anticorrosive characteristics is attained when various amounts of Cr are added thereto.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing a characteristic curve a between a ratio of Ni to Fe in weight percent, namely, the ratio Ni,,/Fe, and the critical amount x (in weight per cent) of Cr, where no rust is formed on the alloy of such a composition as represented by the formula (Fe1 ,,Ni,,)1 -Cr which is immersed in salt water.
  • the critical amount where no rust is formed is taken as the rust forming rate K of the 79-Permalloy, which has been employed widely as material for a magnetic head and is known not to present a problem of forming rust in practical use.
  • This standardized rust forming rate K is equal to 0.01.
  • a select material of the invention have a rust forming rate K smaller than 0.0I.
  • the ordinate represents the amount of Cr in weight percent and the abscissa ratio of Ni /Fe in weight percent.
  • the scale 0.54 on the abscissa shows the composition of Fe Ni s, the scale 1.0 the composition of 1 5mm,, and the scale 1.5 the composition of FemNiao. respectively.
  • the area I) under the charac' teristic curve a shows an area where rust tends to form on the alloys represented by the compositions in this area. Rust hardly forms on alloys represented by the compositions in the area (2) above the characteristic curve a.
  • the ratio of Ni/Fe in the binary alloy FeNi is selected smaller than 1.5, for example, as in Fe Ni
  • the alloy of FeNi is mainly divided into two phases, one of which is in the phase of iron Fe containing Ni from 0 to 30 weight percent, as seen from FIG. 4 above, and the other phase is in the phase of nickel Ni containing Ni from 40 to I00 weight percent.
  • the alloy In the former phase (within the range containing Ni from 0 to 30 weight percent), the alloy has the crystal structure of body center cubic lattice at low temperature but at high temperature it is transformed into a crystal structure of face center cubic lattice, while in the latter phase (within the range containing Ni from 40 to I00 weight percent), the alloy becomes a solid solution of face center cubic lattice irrespective of temperature.
  • the saturation magnetization of the alloy On the boundary (Ni being 30-40 weight percent) between such two phases, the saturation magnetization of the alloy is lowered slightly and at the same time its Curie point is greatly lowered, so that its magnetic flux density B is also greatly lowered at room temperature. Accordingly, the alloy becomes substantially non-magnetic, and this characteristic is illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • At least the alloy FeNi must contain more than 35 weight percent of Ni and hence the ratio of Ni/Fe in weight percent must be at least 0.54, that is to'say, Fe Ni or more as shown at FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between theinitialpermeability yo, magneticflux density B, and coercive force He, of a ternary alloy (FeNi), Cr, .(along the ordinate) and where the amount x of Cr con- :tained therein is changed and the alloy FeNi is selected to be Fe Ni which is the ratio of Ni/Fe slightly .greater than that of the FeNi alloy which has a greatly decreased magnetic flux density B, as described just above vin conjunction with FIG. v5.
  • reference numeral I represents the curve of the initial permeability uoynumeral Il represents the curve of the magnetic flux density B
  • numeral III represents the curve of the coercive force He, respectively.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the initial permeability 1.00, the magneticflux density B, and the-coercive force He of aternary alloy (FeNi), Mo, and where the amount 1: of Mo contained therein is changed and the alloy FeNi is also selected to be Fe,,,,. Ni as in the compositions of FIG. '6.
  • curve I shows the initial permeability 1.00
  • curve II the magnetic flux density B
  • curve III the coercive force He, respectively.
  • material for a magnetic shield case is required to have initial permeability uo, greater than 3,000 and magnetic flux density B greater than 3,000 Gausses.
  • the co ercive force Hc must be selected smaller than 0.] Cersted.
  • the amount x of Cr added to the alloy must be selected greater than about 6 weight percent, as is apparent from FIG. 6, which shows compositions of the ternary alloy containing no M0. The fact that the addition of an amount x of Cr must be selected more than 6 weight percent may also be understood from, for example, FIG.
  • FIG. 8 which shows the composition of a quaternary alloy (FeNi)CrMo and the rust forming characteristic thereof. That is to say, FIG. 8 illustrates the anti-corrosive chracteristics of the quaternary alloy (FeNi)CrMo, in which the amounts of Cr and Mo contained therein are varied, respectively.
  • values described in the vicinity of the circles represent an incremental ratio of weight per unit time when a sample is oxidized at temperatures of 600 C., while the values in parentheses designate the decremental weight of a sample which is immersed in salt water of 8 percent for 100 hours. From FIG.
  • the amount of Cr must be selected lower than about 12 weight percent with respect to the total amount of the quaternary alloy, while the amount of Mo must be selected higher than about 0.5 weight percent with respect to the total amount of the quaternary alloy.
  • the amounts of Fe and Ni are assumed substantially equal in weight ratio. It is, however, observed similarly from FIG. 10, in which the weight ratio of Fe to Ni is made different, that if the amount of M0 is selected lower than 0.5 weight percent relative to the total amount of the quaternary alloy, its initial permeability uo, is decreased.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing the magnetic characteristic of a quaternary alloy designated by (Fe Ni,,,)- Cr Mo,, that is to say, the initial permeability uo, magnetic flux density B and coercive force Hc thereof, when the amount x of M0 is changed in weight percent. From FIG. 10 it will be observed that when the amount of M0 is selected smaller than 0.5 weight percent, relative to the total amount of the quaternary alloy, its initial permeability uo, is greatly increased. Similarly, when the amount of M0 is selected higher than 8 weight percent, its magnetic flux density B becomes lower than 3,000 (which is not shown but was ascertained by experiment). Further, the quaternary alloy thus obtained becomes uneconomical. Accordingly, in preferred embodiments of the magnetic alloy of the invention, the amount of M0 is selected lower than about 8 weight percent and greater than about 0.5 weight percent.
  • the magnetic material or alloy of the present invention which mainly consists of (FeNi)CrMo is formulated to have a ratio of Ni to Fe (Ni/Fe) ranging from about 0.54 to about 1.5 weight percent, about 6 to about 12 weight percent of Cr and about 0.5 to about 8 weight percent of Mo.
  • Such alloys are formed by conventional alloy techniques which include heat-treatment in a magnetic field and need no further explanation.
  • Table shows, by way of example, various characteristics of the conventional 79-Permalloy, 45-Permalloy and the magnetic material according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the composition of a quaternary alloy (FeNi)Cr Mo and the initial permea- From the above Table, it will be observed that the magnetic material of the present invention has magnetic characteristics B, uo, Hc, equal to or higher than that of the 45-Permalloy and a rust forming rate K, substantially equal to that of the 79-Permalloy. Further, it
  • the magnetic material according to the present invention can be economically manufactured and economically worked or processed.
  • FIG. ll shows a magnetic head I which is used for the wear test of the magnetic alloys according to the present invention.
  • the magnetic head 1 consists of a shield case 2 provided with two windows 3 and two magnetic head cores 4 housed in the shield case 2.
  • the magnetic head cores 4 are molded in the shield case 2 with a resin and both of the magnetic head cores 4 and the shield case 2 have the same tape contact surface.
  • FIGS. 12A to 12D, inclusive are graphs showing worn states of the tape contact surface of magnetic heads after tape running tests, in which the materials for the shield case 2 and the magnetic head cores 4 of the magnetic head 1 shown in FIG. 1] were varied.
  • an ordinary magnetic tape was caused to travel in contact with the contact surface of the respective magnetic heads for 200 hours at a predetermined pressure.
  • the dotted line shows the level of the contact surface of the magnetic head before the IESI.
  • FIG. 12A corresponds to the situation where both of the shield case 2 and the magnetic head cores 4 were both composed of 79 Permalloy. From FIG. 12A it will be apparent that the shield case 2 and the magnetic head cores 4 were substantially uniformly worn to a relatively large degree.
  • FIG. 12B corresponds to the situation where the shield case 2 was made of 79-Permalloy while the magnetic head cores 4 were made of hard Permalloy. In this situation, the magnetic head cores 4 were worn less but the shield case 2 was worn by similar amounts as that shown in FIG. 12A.
  • FIGS. 12C and 12D correspond to the situation where the shield case 2 was made of the magnetic alloys according to the present invention, in this example, the quaternary alloy (FeNi)Cr Mo while the magnetic head cores 4 were made of the 79-Permalloy and hard Permalloy respectively. It will be apparent from FIGS. 12C and 12D that the shield case 2 made of the magnetic alloys according to the present invention is not only less worn but acts to protect the magnetic head cores from being worn. In other words, the magnetic alloys of the present invention are most preferable when used in combination with a magnetic head.
  • niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti) and vanadium (V) to the quaternary alloys (FeNi)CrMo in a relatively small amount, for example, about 1 weight percent relative to the total amount of the alloy to enhance its hardness.
  • the amount of such further additive exceeds l weight percent the permeability of thus obtained alloys becomes low and working thereof becomes rather difficult.
  • the magnetic alloys according to the present invention were used as a magnetic shield case for a magnetic head, however, the alloys of the invention are also useful as a magnetic shield plate disposed between magnetic head cores.
  • the magnetic alloys of the present invention can be used for ordinary magnetic shields.
  • a magnetically heat-treated alloy consisting essentially of iron, nickel, about 6 to about 12 weight percent chromium, and about 0.5 to about 8 weight percent molybdenum wherein a weight ratio of nickel to iron is in the range of about 0.54 to about 1.5, said alloy being characterized as having an initial permeability greater than 3.000, a magnetic flux density greater than 3,000 Gausses, a coercive force less than 0.1 and a rustforming rate less than about 0.0l.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Magnetic Heads (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
US00325144A 1972-01-27 1973-01-19 Nickel-iron magnetic alloys comprising chromium and molybdenum Expired - Lifetime US3844849A (en)

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CA (1) CA1000529A (nl)
DE (1) DE2303952C2 (nl)
GB (1) GB1389764A (nl)
IT (1) IT978549B (nl)
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4061509A (en) * 1974-02-05 1977-12-06 Sony Corporation High permeability, long wearing magnetic head alloy
US4274888A (en) * 1977-10-01 1981-06-23 Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Magnetic cores
US20070145847A1 (en) * 2005-12-22 2007-06-28 Matahiro Komuro Dynamo electric machine with degauss alloy member
US20100141367A1 (en) * 2006-08-30 2010-06-10 Matahiro Komuro High resistance magnet and motor using the same
US11482355B2 (en) 2016-07-11 2022-10-25 Daido Steel Co., Ltd. Soft magnetic alloy

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1464973A (en) * 1973-03-15 1977-02-16 Ade Corp Capacitive wire gauge
JPS5092812A (nl) * 1973-12-19 1975-07-24
JPS50161696A (nl) * 1974-06-20 1975-12-27
DE2835459A1 (de) * 1978-08-12 1980-02-28 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh Federndes abschirmelement, insbesondere fuer magnetbandkassetten
DE19628139C1 (de) * 1996-07-12 1997-11-20 Krupp Vdm Gmbh Verwendung einer korrosionsbeständigen weichmagnetischen Eisen-Nickel-Chrom-Legierung für Joche und Anker von elektromagnetischen Relais

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US1910309A (en) * 1931-07-22 1933-05-23 Telegraph Constr & Main Co Magnetic alloy
US2891883A (en) * 1955-06-14 1959-06-23 Gen Electric Magnetic nickel base material and method of making
US3024142A (en) * 1958-09-03 1962-03-06 Post Office Magnetic alloys
US3575734A (en) * 1968-07-26 1971-04-20 Carpenter Technology Corp Process for making nickel base precipitation hardenable alloys
US3582408A (en) * 1968-09-24 1971-06-01 Rca Corp Magnetostrictive element
US3698055A (en) * 1970-12-28 1972-10-17 Crucible Inc Heat resistant alloys of iron, cobalt and/or nickel and articles thereof

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DE730388C (de) * 1939-05-03 1943-01-11 Heraeus Vacuumschmelze Ag Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Magnetisierungskurve, die bei Induktionen nahe der Saettigung noch hohe Permeabilitaet aufweist, bei magnetisierbaren Legierungen

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1910309A (en) * 1931-07-22 1933-05-23 Telegraph Constr & Main Co Magnetic alloy
US2891883A (en) * 1955-06-14 1959-06-23 Gen Electric Magnetic nickel base material and method of making
US3024142A (en) * 1958-09-03 1962-03-06 Post Office Magnetic alloys
US3575734A (en) * 1968-07-26 1971-04-20 Carpenter Technology Corp Process for making nickel base precipitation hardenable alloys
US3582408A (en) * 1968-09-24 1971-06-01 Rca Corp Magnetostrictive element
US3698055A (en) * 1970-12-28 1972-10-17 Crucible Inc Heat resistant alloys of iron, cobalt and/or nickel and articles thereof

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4061509A (en) * 1974-02-05 1977-12-06 Sony Corporation High permeability, long wearing magnetic head alloy
US4274888A (en) * 1977-10-01 1981-06-23 Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Magnetic cores
US20070145847A1 (en) * 2005-12-22 2007-06-28 Matahiro Komuro Dynamo electric machine with degauss alloy member
US7876012B2 (en) * 2005-12-22 2011-01-25 Hitachi, Ltd. Dynamo electric machine with an alloy member
US20100141367A1 (en) * 2006-08-30 2010-06-10 Matahiro Komuro High resistance magnet and motor using the same
US7972450B2 (en) * 2006-08-30 2011-07-05 Hitachi, Ltd. High resistance magnet and motor using the same
US8222785B2 (en) 2006-08-30 2012-07-17 Hitachi, Ltd. High resistance magnet and motor using the same
US11482355B2 (en) 2016-07-11 2022-10-25 Daido Steel Co., Ltd. Soft magnetic alloy

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NL175078C (nl) 1984-09-17
IT978549B (it) 1974-09-20
DE2303952C2 (de) 1984-07-05
JPS5338695B2 (nl) 1978-10-17
NL175078B (nl) 1984-04-16
NL7301193A (nl) 1973-07-31
GB1389764A (en) 1975-04-09
CA1000529A (en) 1976-11-30
DE2303952A1 (de) 1973-08-02
JPS4879724A (nl) 1973-10-25

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