US3844576A - Vibration damped ski - Google Patents

Vibration damped ski Download PDF

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Publication number
US3844576A
US3844576A US00380309A US38030973A US3844576A US 3844576 A US3844576 A US 3844576A US 00380309 A US00380309 A US 00380309A US 38030973 A US38030973 A US 38030973A US 3844576 A US3844576 A US 3844576A
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United States
Prior art keywords
ski
elastomeric material
high modulus
vibration damping
laminate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00380309A
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English (en)
Inventor
H Schultes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SITCA ACQUISITIONS Inc (SITCA) A CORP OF WA
SITCA ACQUISITIONS Inc A Corp OF
Olin Corp
Original Assignee
Olin Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Olin Corp filed Critical Olin Corp
Priority to US00380309A priority Critical patent/US3844576A/en
Priority to CA191,766A priority patent/CA995266A/en
Priority to JP49037754A priority patent/JPS5033035A/ja
Priority to IT50345/74A priority patent/IT1004234B/it
Priority to FR7415128A priority patent/FR2237654B1/fr
Priority to CH984974A priority patent/CH603185A5/xx
Priority to DE19742434423 priority patent/DE2434423C3/de
Priority to AT594574A priority patent/AT333163B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3844576A publication Critical patent/US3844576A/en
Assigned to SITCA ACQUISITIONS INC., (SITCA), A CORP. OF WA. reassignment SITCA ACQUISITIONS INC., (SITCA), A CORP. OF WA. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: TRISTAR SPORTS INC.
Assigned to SITCA ACQUISITIONS, INC., A CORPORATION OF reassignment SITCA ACQUISITIONS, INC., A CORPORATION OF TO CORRECT U.S. PROPERTIES IN A PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ASSIGNMENT, RECORDED ON 10-23-89, AT REEL 5165, FRAMES 990-992. ASSIGNOR HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT, NUNC PRO TUNC OF 8-31-89. Assignors: TRISTAR SPORT, INC., A CORPORATION OF DE
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
    • A63C5/12—Making thereof; Selection of particular materials
    • A63C5/122—Selection of particular materials for damping purposes, e.g. rubber or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
    • A63C5/06—Skis or snowboards with special devices thereon, e.g. steering devices
    • A63C5/075—Vibration dampers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
    • A63C5/12—Making thereof; Selection of particular materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
    • A63C5/12—Making thereof; Selection of particular materials
    • A63C5/126—Structure of the core

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A ski structure of the multi-layer type having a core 52 U.S. c1 2s0/11.13 L and One or more intermediate lend-bearing layers 51 1m. (:1.
  • the skier who favors a faststyle and the racer who must control his skis at high speeds demand a ski that remainsin steady contact with the slope even at high speeds and a ski thatabsorbs vibration caused by uneven places in the terrain.
  • a highly vibratory ski is not responsive for precise turns on icy slopes, this fact having been verified by many years of testing.
  • the steel edge of the ski must be in precise contact with the slope-surface in such a way that the skier can balance his moment forces against the resistance forces of the slope. Not every ski meets these requirements. The metal skis use under these conditions is precluded by its tendency to vibrate.
  • the disl5 advantages to this method are: that the viscoelastic material and constraining layer are exposed to mechanical forces such as shocks or impact by the other ski, and weathering; the constraining layer is attached to the ski only by the viscoelastic material thus resulting in poor durability; when applied to the top surface of an already engineered ski, the constraining layer influences other characteristics of the ski, such as overall stiffness, stiffness balance, frequency of the ski, and temperature balance; and the constraining layer must be relatively short when compared to the full length of the skis since the constraining layer, when placed on the top surface of the ski, must terminate at the binding area.
  • the damping system disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,537,717 does improve the vibration damping characteristics of a ski, but has sufficient disadvantages to render it of little practical value for use on commercially produced skis.
  • the problem solved by my invention concerns the incorporation of a constrained viscoelastic vibration damping laminate into a ski as an internal component thereof. 1 have discovered that in order to properly function as a vibration damping component, the constraining member must be substantially completely isolated from the remainder of the structural members of the ski by elastomeric material, preferably disposed in layers above and below the constraining member, with at least one of the layers of the elastomeric material possessing pronounced viscoelastic properties.
  • the constraining member can, if desired, be secured directly to the remainder of the ski at one point, preferably spaced as far as possible away from the shovel area of the ski, with the securement being in the form of an adhesive, screws, or the like, however, the remaining surfaces of the constraining member must be isolated from the remainder to the skistructure by the elastomeric material.
  • it should be positioned as far as possible away from the neutral axes of the ski, preferably below the neutral axis of the ski so as to be free from contact with binding screws conventionally embedded in the ski at the binding area.
  • the vibration damping laminate By utilizing a constrained viscoelastic laminate as an internal component of a multi-layer ski, the vibration damping laminate can be properly designed in conjunction with the remaining ski components to accurately control proper ski flexibility, frequency, and the like.
  • the vibration damping laminate is protected against delamination, impact, weathering, and other adverse influences.
  • the viscoelastic material is protected and reinforced by other stronger components of the ski.
  • Internally positioning the vibration damping laminate permits the designer to use a constrained laminate substantially equal in length to the length of the ski which doubles the maximum shear strain in the laminate as compared to the prior art viscoelastic vibration damping laminate. When the constraining member is attached directly to the tail end of the ski, it can be shown that the maximum shear strain is about four times that of the prior art viscoelastic vibration damping laminate.
  • FIG. I is a sectioned perspective view of an embodiment of a ski made in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectioned perspective view of a prior art ski
  • FIG. 3 is a sectioned perspective view of a modified prior art ski.
  • FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view of an additional embodiment of the ski of this invention.
  • the top layer 4 is an ABS plastic protective layer. Beneath the top layer 4 are disposed top protective edges 6 of metal such as aluminum or steel. Two load-bearing layers of fiberglass 8 and 10 are positioned below the top layer 4 and top edges 6 respectively and above a wood core 12. A binding plate I4 may be embedded in the wood core 12 for strengthening the binding area of the ski. Sidewall layers I6 of phenolic resin extend from the fiberglass 6 ber layers 22.
  • the bottom running surface of the ski is a polyethylene layer 24 sold under the trademark P- Tex.
  • the vibration damping laminate Sandwiched between the running surface layer 24 and the lower fiberglass layer 18 is the vibration damping laminate which comprises a layer 26 of highly viscoelastic material preferably surrounding the top, bottom and side surfaces of a constraining member 28 of a material having a high modulus of elasticity, such as aluminum, steel, fiberglass, or the like.
  • the viscoelastic material layer 26 is elastomeric and inherently adhesive so as to bond itself to the constraining member 28 and the fiberglass layer 18, running edges 20 and running surface layer 24, however, this bond may be strengthened by proper application of epoxy resin which is used to bond the remaining layers together to form the ski.
  • the damping laminate extends for substantially the entire length of the ski.
  • the constraining member 28 may be completely surrounded by viscoelastic material so that the front, rear, top, bottom and side surfaces of the constraining member are covered by viscoelastic material, or the constraining member may be permitted to project beyond the viscoelastic material at its rear terminal at the rear end of the ski so that the projecting portion of the constraining member can be directly secured to the remaining layers of the ski with a screw S, as shown in FIG. 4, adhesive, or the like.
  • the major portion of the constraining member should be isolated from the rest of the ski layers by the viscoelastic material for best performance.
  • FIG. 1 is only one of many possible ski structures of the multi-layer type with which the invention may be used to improve vibration damping characteristics.
  • load-bearing members of the ski structure of FIG. I are referred to as being fiberglass, they could also be made of metal or other conventional load-bearing material without departing from the spirit of the invention.
  • the core structure need not be wood, but could instead be made from a rigid plastic foam, a metal honeycomb, or any other conventional and known material utilized for cores of skis.
  • a viscoelastic material is a material whose behaviour is a mixture of these two simple cases.
  • the elastomeric material used must possess pronounced viscoelastic properties.
  • pronounced viscoelastic properties it is meant that the loss tangent of the viscoelastic material must be greater than about 0.8.
  • E is the loss modulus; and i is square root of l.
  • the loss tangent is the tangent of the phase angle B which equals E"/E'.
  • the loss tangent of the viscoelastic material must be greater than about 0.8 to be useful in vibration damping in accordance with this invention.
  • the constraining member which forms a part of the vibration damping laminate must be of a material having a relatively high modulus of elasticity, such as steel, aluminum, fiberglass, or the like.
  • the Half Life Time which is defined as the time period required for the vibration amplitude to decay to 'and binding areas, and the shovel end of the ski was deflected and released to vibrate.
  • the skis were clamped at the binding area, and the shovel end of the ski was deflected and released to vibrate.
  • the viscoelastic material used in the skis was made generally in accordance with the disclosure of Kalleberg and Turner U.S. Pat. No. 3,062,683 except that the glass fibers were omitted from the viscoelastic material and the viscoelastic material was carried on a plastic cloth skrim.
  • the Frequency is also determined, the Frequency being defined as the number of complete vibration cycles, or cycles of motion in a unit of time, wherein by international convention, 1 cycle per second equals 1 Hertz.
  • FIG. 1 Tests showing the vibration damping ability of the structure shown in FIG. 1 were conducted with comparisons being made between this structure and the structures shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 which are respectively a commercially available ski sold under the trademarks OLIN MARK III, and a ski structure similar thereto but incorporating as an internal component, the vibration damping composite shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,537,717, noted above, the ski of FIG. 3 being referred to hereinafter as the Modified MARK III.”
  • the MARK III ski used in comparison tests was of the con struction shown in FIG. 2, it being noted that the rubber layer 22 extends laterally across the full width of the ski. The space between the rubber layer 22 and running base 24 is filled with viscoelastic clear polyethylene material 27.
  • the "Modified MARK III" ski used in the comparison test was of the same construction shown in FIG. 3. It will be noted that the constraining member 28 is not surrounded with viscoelastic material. The viscoelastic material 26 was sandwiched only between the constraining member 28 and the fiberglass layer 18, the side surfaces of the constraining member 28 are adjacent the running edges 20 and the bottom "As will be marhas"measavatsma”shawl; in
  • the vibration damping characteristics of the Modified Mark III ski tested were shown to be inferior to vibration damping characteristics of the prior art Olin Mark III ski as evidenced by the decrease in log Decrement and the increase in vibration half life time.
  • the Modified Mark III ski displayed the poorest vibration damping characteristics of the three skis tested.
  • the poor vibration damping characteristics of the Modified Mark III ski is the result of the failure to isolate the constraining member 28 from the remainder of the ski with elastomeric material.
  • the Log Decrement of the ski made in accordance with this invention increased by more than 100 percent in the shovel area test and by morethan percent in the forebody area test. Furthermore, the vibration half life for both the shovel and forebody portions of the ski was dramatically decreased.
  • the internal constraining member extended for substantially the entire length of the ski.
  • Specimen 3(a) had the constraining member anchored to the remainder of the ski at its tail end, and
  • Specimen 3(1) had the constraining member completely isolated by viscoelastic material.
  • the loss tangent of the viscoelastic material (should be greater than about 0.8).
  • the volume of the viscoelastic material 4.
  • the magnitude of the shear strain in the viscoelastic material 5.
  • constraining member shown in the embodiment of the invention specifically disclosed above is in the form of a sheet-like member, the constraining member could also be in the form of a rod, tube, wire, or other such form without departing from the spirit of the invention.
  • a laminated ski structure of the type comprising a core, a top surface, a bottom surface, and one or more interbonded intermediate layers disposed between said top and bottom surfaces, the improvement comprising at least one of said intermediate layers being a vibration damping laminate comprising a layer of material having a relatively high modulus of elasticity and respective layers of elastomeric material bonded to opposite faces of said layer of high modulus material, at least one of said layers of elastomeric material having a loss tangent which is greater than about 0.8.
  • each of said layers of elastomeric material has a loss tangent which is greater than about 0.8.
  • a laminated ski of the type comprising a top surface, a bottom surface, and a plurality of intermediate layers between said top and bottom surfaces at least one of said intermediate layers being a laminate including a member of a material of relatively high modulus of elasticity substandially completely surrounded by an elastomeric material, at least a portion of said elastomeric material having a loss tangent which is greater than about 0.8.
  • a laminated ski structure of the type comprising a core, a top surface, a bottom surface and one or more intermediate layers disposed between said top and bottom surfaces, the improvement comprising at least one of said intermediate layers being a vibration damping laminate comprising a material having a loss tangent which is greater than about 0.8 substantially completely surrounding a layer of material having a relatively high modulus of elasticity.
  • a laminated ski structure of the type comprising a top surface, a bottom surface, and a plurality of intermediate layers disposed between said top and bottom surfaces, at least one of said intermediate layers comprising a member of material having a high modulus of elasticity substantially completely encased in an elastomeric material, at least a portion of which has a loss tangent which is greater than about 0.8, a rearward end portion of said high modulus member being secured to at least one other intermediate layer of the ski.

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  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
US00380309A 1973-07-18 1973-07-18 Vibration damped ski Expired - Lifetime US3844576A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00380309A US3844576A (en) 1973-07-18 1973-07-18 Vibration damped ski
CA191,766A CA995266A (en) 1973-07-18 1974-02-05 Vibration damped ski
JP49037754A JPS5033035A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-07-18 1974-04-03
IT50345/74A IT1004234B (it) 1973-07-18 1974-04-11 Perfezionamento negli sci con struttura idonea a smorzare le vibrazioni
FR7415128A FR2237654B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-07-18 1974-04-30
CH984974A CH603185A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-07-18 1974-07-17
DE19742434423 DE2434423C3 (de) 1973-07-18 1974-07-17 Schwingungsgedämpfter Ski
AT594574A AT333163B (de) 1973-07-18 1974-07-18 Laminierte skistruktur

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00380309A US3844576A (en) 1973-07-18 1973-07-18 Vibration damped ski

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US3844576A true US3844576A (en) 1974-10-29

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US00380309A Expired - Lifetime US3844576A (en) 1973-07-18 1973-07-18 Vibration damped ski

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US (1) US3844576A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5033035A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT333163B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA995266A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH603185A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2237654B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1004234B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4203596A (en) * 1976-11-04 1980-05-20 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Racket and a method for manufacturing same
US4293142A (en) * 1979-07-16 1981-10-06 K-2 Corporation Vibration damped ski
FR2515524A1 (fr) * 1981-11-04 1983-05-06 Olin Corp Ski a armature pour descente
FR2520666A1 (fr) * 1982-02-01 1983-08-05 Bekaert Sa Nv Element stratifie absorbant l'energie
US4412687A (en) * 1978-09-28 1983-11-01 N.V. Bekaert S.A. Ski
US4438946A (en) * 1981-04-09 1984-03-27 Skis Rossignol S.A. Slalom ski with vibration damper
US4498686A (en) * 1981-11-04 1985-02-12 Olin Corporation Laminated ski reinforcement members
FR2552183A1 (fr) * 1983-09-20 1985-03-22 Koleda Michael Amortisseurs de vibration et produits a vibration amortie
FR2554728A1 (fr) * 1983-11-15 1985-05-17 Caber Italia Ski
US4523772A (en) * 1982-05-26 1985-06-18 Blizzard Gesellschaft M.B.H. Sandwich type construction multilayer skis
US4545597A (en) * 1981-11-04 1985-10-08 Olin Corporation Reinforcing ribs in a snow ski with a wood/foam core
US4556237A (en) * 1984-02-22 1985-12-03 Olin Corporation Alpine ski with selective reinforcement
US4639009A (en) * 1985-12-30 1987-01-27 Olin Corporation Snow ski with elastomeric sidewalls
US4690850A (en) * 1986-06-06 1987-09-01 K-2 Corporation Fiber reinforced braided ski core and method and apparatus for making same
US4706985A (en) * 1984-02-22 1987-11-17 Tristar Sports Inc. Alpine ski with selective reinforcement
FR2648721A1 (fr) * 1989-06-26 1990-12-28 Rohrmoser Alois Skifabrik Ski comprenant une bande stratifiee integree dans la bande superieure
EP0419779A1 (de) * 1989-09-27 1991-04-03 BLIZZARD Ges.m.b.H Ski
US5232241A (en) * 1992-02-24 1993-08-03 K-2 Corporation Snow ski with integral binding isolation mounting plate
US5238260A (en) * 1989-06-26 1993-08-24 Atomic Skifabrik Alois Rohrmoser Ski
US5649717A (en) * 1994-08-29 1997-07-22 Clinton L. Augustine Snowboard and method of constructing the same
US5884934A (en) * 1997-12-05 1999-03-23 K-2 Corporation Ski having binding mounting portion for angled boot orientation
US6102427A (en) * 1997-12-05 2000-08-15 K-2 Corporation Ski binding lifter having internal fastener retention layer
US6182986B1 (en) * 1998-05-08 2001-02-06 Creighton B. Smith Laminated skateboard
US20040051277A1 (en) * 2002-09-12 2004-03-18 Pavel Skofic Ski protected against wearing and mechanical damages
US20040135347A1 (en) * 2002-12-19 2004-07-15 Salomon S.A. Gliding or rolling board
FR2882526A1 (fr) * 2005-02-28 2006-09-01 Skis Rossignol Sa Sa Planche de glisse sur neige avec renfort interne
US20080305330A1 (en) * 2007-06-06 2008-12-11 Salomon S.A. Gliding or rolling board
WO2010094861A1 (fr) 2009-02-20 2010-08-26 Sinaxis Planche pour la pratique du saut acrobatique sur trampoline
US10386407B2 (en) * 2017-10-23 2019-08-20 Shinko Electric Industries Co., Ltd. Socket

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2476495A1 (fr) * 1980-02-21 1981-08-28 Rossignol Sa Ski
FR2503570A2 (fr) * 1980-02-21 1982-10-15 Rossignol Sa Ski
ATA189183A (de) * 1983-05-25 1984-12-15 Rohrmoser Alois Skifabrik Ski

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2526137A (en) * 1948-05-24 1950-10-17 Everett M Hunt Ski
US3208761A (en) * 1963-09-04 1965-09-28 George C Sullivan Metal ski with cellular plastic structure
US3438828A (en) * 1965-06-22 1969-04-15 Odd Bjornestad Process for making skis from plastics reinforced with glass fibers
US3537717A (en) * 1968-11-29 1970-11-03 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Damped ski and method of making
US3635482A (en) * 1967-03-30 1972-01-18 Amf Inc Ski and method of manufacture

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS512027B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-08-12 1976-01-22

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2526137A (en) * 1948-05-24 1950-10-17 Everett M Hunt Ski
US3208761A (en) * 1963-09-04 1965-09-28 George C Sullivan Metal ski with cellular plastic structure
US3438828A (en) * 1965-06-22 1969-04-15 Odd Bjornestad Process for making skis from plastics reinforced with glass fibers
US3635482A (en) * 1967-03-30 1972-01-18 Amf Inc Ski and method of manufacture
US3537717A (en) * 1968-11-29 1970-11-03 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Damped ski and method of making

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4203596A (en) * 1976-11-04 1980-05-20 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Racket and a method for manufacturing same
US4412687A (en) * 1978-09-28 1983-11-01 N.V. Bekaert S.A. Ski
US4293142A (en) * 1979-07-16 1981-10-06 K-2 Corporation Vibration damped ski
US4438946A (en) * 1981-04-09 1984-03-27 Skis Rossignol S.A. Slalom ski with vibration damper
US4545597A (en) * 1981-11-04 1985-10-08 Olin Corporation Reinforcing ribs in a snow ski with a wood/foam core
FR2515524A1 (fr) * 1981-11-04 1983-05-06 Olin Corp Ski a armature pour descente
US4455037A (en) * 1981-11-04 1984-06-19 Olin Corporation Laminated ski reinforcement members
US4498686A (en) * 1981-11-04 1985-02-12 Olin Corporation Laminated ski reinforcement members
FR2520666A1 (fr) * 1982-02-01 1983-08-05 Bekaert Sa Nv Element stratifie absorbant l'energie
US4523772A (en) * 1982-05-26 1985-06-18 Blizzard Gesellschaft M.B.H. Sandwich type construction multilayer skis
WO1985001220A1 (en) * 1983-09-20 1985-03-28 Koleda Michael T Vibration damping units and vibration damped products
FR2552183A1 (fr) * 1983-09-20 1985-03-22 Koleda Michael Amortisseurs de vibration et produits a vibration amortie
FR2554728A1 (fr) * 1983-11-15 1985-05-17 Caber Italia Ski
US4706985A (en) * 1984-02-22 1987-11-17 Tristar Sports Inc. Alpine ski with selective reinforcement
US4556237A (en) * 1984-02-22 1985-12-03 Olin Corporation Alpine ski with selective reinforcement
US4639009A (en) * 1985-12-30 1987-01-27 Olin Corporation Snow ski with elastomeric sidewalls
US4690850A (en) * 1986-06-06 1987-09-01 K-2 Corporation Fiber reinforced braided ski core and method and apparatus for making same
FR2648721A1 (fr) * 1989-06-26 1990-12-28 Rohrmoser Alois Skifabrik Ski comprenant une bande stratifiee integree dans la bande superieure
US5238260A (en) * 1989-06-26 1993-08-24 Atomic Skifabrik Alois Rohrmoser Ski
EP0419779A1 (de) * 1989-09-27 1991-04-03 BLIZZARD Ges.m.b.H Ski
US5232241A (en) * 1992-02-24 1993-08-03 K-2 Corporation Snow ski with integral binding isolation mounting plate
US5649717A (en) * 1994-08-29 1997-07-22 Clinton L. Augustine Snowboard and method of constructing the same
US5884934A (en) * 1997-12-05 1999-03-23 K-2 Corporation Ski having binding mounting portion for angled boot orientation
US6102427A (en) * 1997-12-05 2000-08-15 K-2 Corporation Ski binding lifter having internal fastener retention layer
US6182986B1 (en) * 1998-05-08 2001-02-06 Creighton B. Smith Laminated skateboard
US20040051277A1 (en) * 2002-09-12 2004-03-18 Pavel Skofic Ski protected against wearing and mechanical damages
US20040135347A1 (en) * 2002-12-19 2004-07-15 Salomon S.A. Gliding or rolling board
US7275755B2 (en) * 2002-12-19 2007-10-02 Salomon S.A. Gliding or rolling board
FR2882526A1 (fr) * 2005-02-28 2006-09-01 Skis Rossignol Sa Sa Planche de glisse sur neige avec renfort interne
US20080305330A1 (en) * 2007-06-06 2008-12-11 Salomon S.A. Gliding or rolling board
WO2010094861A1 (fr) 2009-02-20 2010-08-26 Sinaxis Planche pour la pratique du saut acrobatique sur trampoline
US10386407B2 (en) * 2017-10-23 2019-08-20 Shinko Electric Industries Co., Ltd. Socket

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2237654A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-02-14
FR2237654B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1981-08-07
CA995266A (en) 1976-08-17
IT1004234B (it) 1976-07-10
CH603185A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-08-15
AT333163B (de) 1976-11-10
JPS5033035A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-03-31
ATA594574A (de) 1976-02-15

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