US3792558A - Three - dimensional modular transportable structures - Google Patents

Three - dimensional modular transportable structures Download PDF

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Publication number
US3792558A
US3792558A US00120202A US3792558DA US3792558A US 3792558 A US3792558 A US 3792558A US 00120202 A US00120202 A US 00120202A US 3792558D A US3792558D A US 3792558DA US 3792558 A US3792558 A US 3792558A
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framework
hulls
hull
rectangle
frameworks
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J Berce
E Ciriani
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B2001/34892—Means allowing access to the units, e.g. stairs or cantilevered gangways

Definitions

  • the structure comprises at least one standardized, rigid, parallellopipedic frame-work, and interchangeable differentiated standardized modular blocks, for constructing a dwelling.
  • the operational elements characteristic of the dwelling are incorporated as fixtures in hulls of shapes respectively suitable for these elements.
  • the edges of each block define a rectangle enabling fixing on the frame-work.
  • the height of the rectangle is about equal to that of the vertical faces of the frame-work and its width is a simple ratio of the longitudinal dimension of the frame-work.
  • the entire volume of each hull is contained within a parallel0- piped bounded by the rectangle and a third dimension less than the transverse horizontal dimension of the frame-work.
  • the frame-work is thus adapted to serve as a container for the modular blocks on transportation of the structures.
  • the frame-work has the standard dimensions of a'transcontainer.
  • the invention relates to industrially produced transportable structures and relates particularly, because it is in this case that its application seems to offer the most advantage, but not exclusively, to those of these structures which are transportable by means of the usual freight means, especially those of the type which are used to for the transportation of standardized containers known under the name of transcontainers.
  • Dwellings are also known whose internal dimensions are in principle more favorable, these dwellings either include elements adapted to undergo relative displacements of the telescopic type, or being partially dismantable or foldable, the assembly of the elements of the dwelling being then adapted to occupy a reduced volume more suitable for their transportation.
  • the frame-work thus being adapted to serve as container for these modular blocks on transportation of these structural elements.
  • the frame-works are hence, in the structures according to the invention, adapted to assume two distinct functions, that of containing other elements of the dwelling, during their transportation, especially from the factory where they have been manufactured at the place where the structures are assembled, and those of the structures or frame-works of these dwellings and of the support of functional elements, when these dwellings are on site.
  • the frameworks have dimensions characteristic of the structures of standardized transcontainers which are conveniently introduced into international transportation and handling systems.--
  • each dwelling unit is characterized by a considerable totally free internal space, substantially equal to the volume of the frame-work, the various modules attached to these frame-works, around the same free space, each fillingspecific functions of the dwelling.
  • F IG. 1 shows in perspective and, for certain parts, in diagrammatic manner, the essential elements of a preferred embodiment of a dwelling constructed according to 'the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows also, in perspective, various parts of the same dwelling in relative arrangements which enable particularly their transportation
  • FIG. 3 is a front view of one of the modules adapted to be associated with the frame-work of the dwelling of FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a section along the line IV-IV of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 4a is a sectional view of a module provided with flanges adapted to be connected to the inside of the framework;
  • FIG. 5 is a view from above of the module of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 shows an assembly bringing into use by stacking or juxtaposition, several elements of dwellings of the type shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 7 shows diagrammatically, inelevation, an assembly of dwelling elements using a different type of stacking
  • FIG. 8 shows, view from above, certain dwelling elements of FIG. 7 and the manner in which they are associated with those of a different level;
  • FIG. 9a, 9b,and 9c, on one hand, and FIGS. 10a, 10b and 10c, on the other hand, constitute respectively front and diagrammatic sectional views in planes perpendicular. between themselves, of two preferred embodiments of respectively distinct modules, between them and that shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5; and lastly,
  • FIG. I 1 is a diagrammatic planned view, of two juxtaposed dwelling units.
  • a parallelopipedic framework 1 rigid, or self-stiffening of a single part, and modules generally designated by 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 9, are assembled around the framework and fixed on the latter so that their inner volumes, which contain preferably all the functional elements of the dwelling, incorporated in hulls, are distributed around the inner space, held substantially free, of the framework 1.
  • the inner part and the upper part of the frame -of the framework will be provided with a floor and a ceiling (not shown), the lateral parts of the framework or of the ends (such as the one between them in FIG. 1) which are not equipped with a module then being able to receive the closing panels.
  • the assembly will be able to rest on the ground by means of concrete studs 10 or metallic legs connected to the lower part of the framework, etc.
  • the frame-work is constituted by a structure having standardized dimensional characteristics of transcontainers.
  • transcontainers For example, they correspond to the well known ISO standards or, for example, AFNOR NF-I-I 90,002.
  • the frameworks or parallelopipedic structures which correspond to these standards, have, especially, the dimensions which have been mentioned above.
  • the modules are differentiated, interchangeable and also standardized. They comprise respectively the characteristic functional elements of the dwelling incorporated as permanently fixed hulls of shapes respectively suitable for these functional elements.
  • the hull of the module 2 are incorporated two couchettes 11a, 1 lb; with the hull of the module 3 a storage cupboard 12; with the hull of module 4 a kitchenette" designated generally as 13; with the hull of module 6 a double bed 14; with the hull of module 7 a sanitation block (not shown) with the hull of module 8 a door 15 and a window 16; with the hull of module 9 a second cupboard, etc.
  • the hulls of other modules can also be pierced by windows, as shown for example at 20 for the hull of module 2 (FIGS. 1 and 3) or comprise lighting domes 20a in their upper parts (FIG. 6), etc.
  • FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 there is shown by way of example, in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5,-on one hand, 9a, 9b and 90, on the other, and 10a, 10b and 100, also on the other hand, three threedimensional modules.
  • the module of FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 comprises, as has been indicated above, two couchettes 1 la, 1 1b.
  • the module of FIGS. 9a, 9b and 9c constitutes a kitchen module comprising, for example, a workbench of stainless steel 30 with a sink incorporated 32, two electric hot-plates 34, a refrigerator 36, racks 38 and, in its upper part, a vent hatch 40.
  • a kitchen module comprising, for example, a workbench of stainless steel 30 with a sink incorporated 32, two electric hot-plates 34, a refrigerator 36, racks 38 and, in its upper part, a vent hatch 40.
  • this module there can of course be also incorporated, as permanently fixed, and at the industrial manufacturing stage, any other elements not shown such as water-heater, lights, blinds, etc.
  • the module of FIGS. 10a, 10b constitutes a sanitation module comprising, forexample, two distinct compartments 42a, 42b, the compartment 42a containing a WC bowl 44, and the compartment 42b constituting a shower-wash basin cabinet, with an electric water heater 46, wash basin 48 and any other elements necessary for convenience of this shower-wash basin compartment.
  • the hulls of these modules have different shapes, respectively suitable for the nature of the functional elements which'are integrated with them. All these hulls comprise edges 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d (FIG. 3) defining a rectangle and enabling their fixing on the above said frame-work, the height of this rectangle being equal to that of the vertical faces of the framework and of which the width is in simple ratio with the longitudinal dimensions and, if necessary, transversal dimensions of the frame-work, the whole of the volume of each of these hulls being contained inside a parallelopiped bounded by the above said rectangle and a third dimension less than the transverse horizontal dimension of the framework.
  • the sections through each of the hull elements in planes parallel to that which contains these edges 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d remain equal or are decreasing with the distance from the plane of the aforesaid edges; the depth of these hulls being less than the horizontal transverse dimension of the frame-work.
  • edges 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d (FIG. 3) of the abovesaid hulls are brought to be fixed directly, preferably by seals (not shown), to effect fluidtightness of the hull, by bolting or any other suitable fixing means, on the upper 18a and lower 18b longitudinal members of the framework and, according to its position, on the posts or 18d of the framework, or again, on sectional members 19 (diagrammatically shown in mixed lines in FIG. 2), especially of OMEGA sectional irons, themselves fixed in removable manner or not on the frame-work.
  • each of the hulls having dimensions standardized, in a simple ratio, in the direction of the lengths of the frame-work, with the dimensions of the latter, there results an interchangeability of the relative positions of the hulls of the framework, whence the possibility of providing a great variety of internal arrangements of the dwellings obtained, from a limited number of modules.
  • the modules have width equal to 2, 4 or 8 units of length, associated, in easily interchangeable positions, with the framework having-(in the direction of the longitudinal members 18a, 18b) longitudinal dimensions corresponding to 10, 20, 30 or 40 units of length.
  • the hulls can be constituted of any materials en.
  • hulls are advantageously constituted of plastics material.
  • plastics material For example, they are constituted of a polyester sandwich reinforced with glass fibre and rigid polyurethane foam. They can, in particular, be produced by molding. Certain of the functional elements, such as for example cupboards or certain kitchen elements, can be directly molded with the corresponding hulls.
  • the modules are dismounted, to locate them in the inner volume bounded by the longitudinal members and the posts of the framework, as shown for example in FIG. 2.
  • the framework is adapted to serve as container for the modules during the transportation of the whole of the construction elements.
  • this fixing could also be effected on the inner surfaces of the longitudinal members of the frame-work (FIG. 4a), especially when, as also shown in the drawings, the above said edges 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d of thehulls form projections with respect to their outer surfaces 21 over an extent at least equal to the corresponding transverse dimensions of the longitudinal members of the frame-work.
  • the modules will be retainable inside the frame-work by any suitable means, by bolting, blocking, etc.
  • kitchen module sanitation module cupboard module module containing a double bed module containing childrens' beds bed - module containing an office and racks (office module) meal module (with table and seats incorporated in the corresponding hull) lastly, several modules with doors and windows.
  • FIG. 11 two juxtaposed dwelling units, by way of example. They comprise two frameworks 51a, 51b juxtaposed end to end with which have been associated respectively: six bed-modules 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f, a sanitation-module 7, a kitchen-module 4, four cupboard-modules 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, a washbasin module 52, doors 54a, 54b being provided in the opposite free ends of the frame-works.
  • FIG. 6 There is shown in diagrammatic manner in FIG. 6 another assembly of this type. These assemblies can be particularly advantageous in the case where it is desired, for example, to produce a holiday village or even hotels.
  • the juxtapositions and stacks must of course be effected so as to allow between the different frameworks free spaces which will then be occupied by the hulls or modules projecting outwardly.
  • Access to the upper dwelling elements will be possible by means of outside stairways 22 or, at the same story, by means of corridors enabling passage from one dwelling unit to another, these corridors being if necessary provided on the ceilings of the dwelling units of the level below.
  • FIG. 8 One of these dwelling elements 23a of this assembly, formed inside and around an individual framework, is shown in full lines in FIG. 8. It includes two rooms separated between them, in the middle of the corresponding framework la, by a transverse corridor element A. Each of these rooms is bounded by internal space E, or B left free inside the frame-work, on both sides of the corridor element B, and by three hull elements C, D, E.
  • the hull C contains, for example, a double bed.
  • a window and a cupboard are formed in the hull D associated with the corresponding end of the framework.
  • a sanitation group lastly is integrated with the hull E.
  • the sum of the transverse dimensions of the hulls C and E of the same room which are facing is at least equal, preferably slightly less, than the width of the framework.
  • FIG. 8 enables the relative positions of one of these frame-works and of the hulls which are associated with it (shown in full lines in FIG. 8) to be appreciated, with regard to the frameworks and corresponding hulls (or of the dwelling elements 23b, 230) of the level below or above (shown in mixed lines).
  • corridor elements A of the frameworks occurring at the same level are in extension of one another. They can easily be connected to one another by corridor elements 24, or quite simply, gratings positioned on the ceilings of the dwelling elements of the level below. Access to these corridors can be effected by means of external staircases (not shown), provided for example at the ends of the assemblies thus obtained.
  • the relative staggered arrangements of the individual dwelling elements of the assembly also render particularly simple the connections, for example, of the sanitation systems associated with each of the rooms by common water supply pipes or common waste pipes. These pipes (shown diagrammatically at 25 in FIG. 8) will be constructed outside the assembly. They could if necessary contribute to the outer decoration of the assembly.
  • Each of the dwelling elements is characterized by a particularly favorable ratio of rotal available space inside the dwelling element (free space within the framework to which are added the inner spaces of each of the hulls), to the compactness of the same dwelling element, when it is dismounted, and the hulls or modules located inside the frame-work, especially in view of their transportation.
  • n. plays and reduced models, etc.
  • the invention hence enables the production from elements of a reduced number of types, all transportable, of a large variety of arrangements both internal and external.
  • the structures according to the invention may be likened, in a way, to play blocks, instantly connectable to the supply system (electricity, supply and waste water, etc.), the frameworks behaving like hollow cubes and not like beams and posts connected between themselves, as is the case in the usual frameworks.
  • Transportable dwelling structure including:
  • each hull including respectively standardized operational elements incorporated as fixtures within the inner space of said hull which fixtures do not substantially project beyond the plane of the flanges of the hull, said hulls mounted on the framework with at least the top and bottom flanges of the hulls in a face-to-face abutting relationship with the longitudinal or transverse structural members so that the inner spaces of the hulls
  • saidhulls capable of being unsecured and demounted from the framework and inserted completely within the inner space of the framework without any portions of the hulls projecting outside the inner space of the framework with the flanges of opposed hulls in abutting relationship so that they may be removably secured together.
  • edges of the said hulls form projections with respect to their external surfaces over an extent at least equal to the transverse dimensions corresponding to the longitudinal member of the framework, by means of which the hulls are displaceable from a position inside the framework (transportation position) to its outside, so that the hulls themselves emerge from the inner space of the framework, until the projecting edges of the bulls come into abutment with the inner surfaces of the said longitudinal members, in fixable member.
  • each modular block having a hull limited by ouJwardly extending coplanar flanges about the opening of the hull which form a rectangle, the height of said rectangle being substantially equal to the height of the framework and the width of the rectangle being equal at most to the transverse dimension of the frameworks and in a simple ratio with the longitudinal dimension of the frameworks and the volume of each hull being contained within A the parallelepiped defined by said rectangle and the transverse dimension of the framework, each said hull including within the inner space thereof respective standardized operational fixtures which do not substantially project beyond the plane of the opening of said hull, said hulls being mounted on the respective frameworks with at least the top and bottom flanges of the hulls in a face-to-face abutting relationship with the longitudinal or transverse structural members of the associated framework so that the inner spaces of the hulls are located substantially completely outside from the inner space of the framework,
  • each said framework being adapted to serve as a container for said modular blocks forv transportation thereof with said modular blocks entirely within said parallelepipedic framework.
  • Transportable dwelling structure including:
  • interchangeable differentiated standardized modular blocks comprising hulls each limited by outwardly extending flat flanges about the opening of the hull which form a rectangle, the height of said rectangle being substantially equal to the height of the framework, and the width of said rectangle being equal to or less then the transverse dimension of the framework and being in a simple ratio with the longitudinal dimension of the framework, and the whole volume of each hull is contained with the parallelepiped defined by said rectangle and the transverse dimensions of the framework,
  • each hull including respectively standradized operational elements incoporated as fixtures within the inner space of said hull which fixtures do not substantially project beyond the plane of the flanges of the hull.
  • said hulls mounted on the framework with at least the top and bottom flanges of the hulls in a face-to-face abutting relationship with the longitudinal or transverse structural members so that the inner spaces of the hulls are positioned substantially completely outside the inner space of the framework and the inner space of said framework remains substantially free when the hulls are mounted thereto,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Methods And Devices For Loading And Unloading (AREA)
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US00120202A 1970-03-02 1971-03-02 Three - dimensional modular transportable structures Expired - Lifetime US3792558A (en)

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FR7007446A FR2095412A5 (xx) 1970-03-02 1970-03-02

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FR (1) FR2095412A5 (xx)
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US3629983A (en) * 1969-09-02 1971-12-28 Louis J Jenn Preconstructed multiple unit housing
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US4327529A (en) * 1979-09-20 1982-05-04 Bigelow F E Jun Prefabricated building
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USRE32798E (en) * 1981-06-10 1988-12-13 Nat Shipping Bagging Services Limited Method of material distribution and apparatus for use in the method
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US6792892B2 (en) 1998-09-11 2004-09-21 Peter C. Craig Portable pen for shipping livestock by container ship, rail and truck
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US6463705B1 (en) 1998-11-20 2002-10-15 Oakwood Homes Corporation Container for prefabricated transportable buildings
US6718711B1 (en) * 1999-01-26 2004-04-13 Alutiiq Manufacturing Contractors, Llc Prefabricated housing
US6625937B1 (en) * 2000-12-27 2003-09-30 Sunrise Holding, Ltd. Modular building and method of construction
US6981347B1 (en) * 2002-02-25 2006-01-03 Randy Walburger Modular emergency shelter system
US6622063B1 (en) * 2002-04-29 2003-09-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Container-based product dispensing system
US20040231256A1 (en) * 2003-05-20 2004-11-25 Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. Unit building
EP1726720A1 (de) * 2005-05-25 2006-11-29 Richard Horden Dreieckförmige Unterbaukonstruktion als Unterbau eines als Personenaufenthaltsraum ausgestalteten, insbesondere würfelförmigen Containers
US20060277836A1 (en) * 2005-05-25 2006-12-14 Fabio Chazyn Collapsible ISO container-type modular shelter
US7735781B1 (en) * 2005-07-18 2010-06-15 United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method and system for deployment of ordnance from an aircraft in mid-flight
US20090282749A1 (en) * 2005-11-21 2009-11-19 Warminsky Michael F Re-configurable armored tactical personnel and collective training facility
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US20110219708A1 (en) * 2008-09-29 2011-09-15 Katsunori Ohnishi Building unit with temporary reinforcing members, unit building, and method for constructing unit building
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US20110094167A1 (en) * 2009-05-25 2011-04-28 6943977 Canada Inc. Mobile service station and method of configuring the same
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US8671625B2 (en) * 2009-05-29 2014-03-18 Hitachi, Ltd. Module structure and plant construction method
US20100300013A1 (en) * 2009-05-29 2010-12-02 Shizuo Imaoka Module structure and plant construction method
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US9441359B1 (en) * 2015-01-13 2016-09-13 Tommy Hsieh Structurally independent frame for component based multi-unit buildings
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1350460A (en) 1974-04-18
ES389154A1 (es) 1974-11-01
LU62680A1 (xx) 1971-08-17
OA03616A (fr) 1971-03-30
FR2095412A5 (xx) 1972-02-11
DE2109864B2 (de) 1980-06-12
DE2109864A1 (de) 1971-12-23
NL7102780A (xx) 1971-09-06
BE763420A (fr) 1971-07-16

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