US3680323A - Tanker for liquified and/or compressed gas - Google Patents

Tanker for liquified and/or compressed gas Download PDF

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US3680323A
US3680323A US81101A US3680323DA US3680323A US 3680323 A US3680323 A US 3680323A US 81101 A US81101 A US 81101A US 3680323D A US3680323D A US 3680323DA US 3680323 A US3680323 A US 3680323A
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Prior art keywords
tank
skirt
secured
hull structure
gas
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US81101A
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English (en)
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Ragnar Bognaes
Olav Solberg
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Kvaerner Brug AS
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Kvaerner Brug AS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/082—Mounting arrangements for vessels for large sea-borne storage vessels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0128—Shape spherical or elliptical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/037—Containing pollutant, e.g. H2S, Cl
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/901—Liquified gas content, cryogenic

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT In a marine vessel having a hull structure for transporting or storing a cargo tank adapted to contain liquified and/or compressed gas, the tank is supported by an annular skirt having opposed edges integrally secured respectively to the hull structure and to a peripheral portion of the tank; the skirt minimizes the stresses transferred between the tank and the hull structure and is adapted to accommodate changes in the dimensional characteristics of the tank, due to temperature changes therein, independently of the hull structure.
  • This invention relates to the storage and transportation of liquified and/or compressed gas (hereinafter referred to simply as liquified gas) in a cargo tank on board a marine vessel, and more particularly to. a method and apparatus for supporting the cargo tank in the hullstructure of the vessel.
  • liquified gas liquified and/or compressed gas
  • duplicative tank systems are required andthe supportingstructureis relatively complex. Further, construction of the tank iscomplicated by the factthat the outer tank must bebuilt around the inner tank, and once the: v tank walls. are completed, certain of the weldseamsof structed of light or thin material not intended tobe loaded appreciably in its own plane, and which con-.
  • Such tank structures are doublewalled (primary cargo barrier plus secondary barrier) cargo con-.
  • Another object of the invention is, to transport liquified gas in a single walled pressure vessel type tank, without the need for aliquidcontainingsecondary barrier, but with a liquiddeflecting thermal spray shield.
  • Another object of the invention is to transport liquified gas in independently constructed pressure ves- J vessel.
  • Still other. liquified 'gascontainmentsystems are such that the secondary or emergency backup cargo tank is made an integral .part of the ship hull itself and the primary. cargo tank is independent of the ship s hull, but supported by the. hull.
  • Yet another object of the invention is tominimize stressconcentrations within the walls of the cargo tank.
  • Another object of the invention is to predetermine theprobability or occurrence of, the maximum size of, and the growth rate of defects or flaws, such as hairline weld cracks, in the tank system, and by the use of fracture mechanics, ascertain and ensure that any such defect-orflaw possible in the tank system may not lead to --major or catastrophic failure of the tank without such failure having been preceeded by a very lengthy period of minor, slow gas discharge and local liquid spray from the point of inception of the defect or flaw.
  • An object of the invention is to ensure, through the determinate integration of l tank system stress analysis, (2) tank system material fracture mechanicsanalysis, and (3) tank system quality control, that the liquified gas tank in an existing marine vessel, such that the vessel may so be converted to a liquified gas tankship without the need for additional and installation of a secondary barrier.
  • apparatus for storing liquified gas on board a transport marine vessel in which an independently con structed cargo tank, adapted to contain liquified gas under several atmospheres of pressure, is supported by supporting structure integrally secured to the tank and the hull structure of the vessel.
  • the supporting structure in one embodiment, includes an annular skirtwelded at one edge to a peripheral portion of the cargo tank and welded at its opposed edge to the hull structure, thereby to provide additional rigidity to the hull structure and minimize the transference of stresses from the hull structure to the tank.
  • the supporting skirt is adapted to accommodate changes in the dimensional characteristics of the cargo tank due to temperature changes in the tank during loading and unloading of the liquified gas and to isolate these dimen-
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a ship of the type in which the present invention may be employed
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view partly in section taken on line 2-2 of FIG. 1, showing one embodiment of the tank support system of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a view, similar to FIG. 2 of another embodiv ment of the tank support system
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken on line 4-4 of FIG. f
  • FIG. 5 is an end view taken on line 55 of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 4 showing another embodiment of the interface structure;
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 6 of yet another embodiment of the interface structure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a refrigeration system adapted for use in the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 2 of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a section of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 9 showing the connection between the cargo tank and the support skirt;
  • a supporting skirt also provided a favorable transference of forces between the hull structure and the tank since the skirt is connected immediately adjacent and substantially tangentially to the tank and thus avoids the large eccentricities provided by previously proposed supporting structures.
  • a liquid spray protector is installed between the cargo tank and those parts of the adjacent hull structure which could be sub-cooled by spray gas or spray liquid leakage froma minor defect such as a crack, in the tank. This protector is installed so as to deflect sprayed cargo liquid downward and inboard to the tank top below the cargo tank, from whence liquid accumulations are removed.
  • FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view taken on line 1616 ofFIG. 1.
  • a ship 10 of the type in which the present invention may be employed contains five spherical tanks 12 which are mounted in the ships hull and which are adapted to contain liquified gas, such as for example, methane, ethylene, propane and chlorine. It is noted that while in the illustrative embodiment of this invention, only five tanks 12 have been illustrated, it is contemplated that more or less of such tanks may be provided on marine vessels to meet varying operational requirements.
  • liquified gas such as for example, methane, ethylene, propane and chlorine.
  • Tanks 12 are formed by plate construction preferably by utilizing full penetration welding which is readily subjected to non-destructive testing. Such tanks are readily fabricated to the high standards required in the shipping industry and they may constitute pressure vessels which may be adapted to contain liquified gas at moderate pressures, as for example, a few atmospheres.
  • tanks 12, as seen in FIG. 2 are directly mounted to hull 14 of ship 10 by skirt structure 16.
  • Skirt 16 is formed of a plurality of plates welded together, again preferably by full penetration welding, to form an integral annular support structure which is weld'edat its top edge 18 to the periphery of tank 12 along the latters equatorial plane.
  • the opposed edge 20 of skirt 16 is welded directly to the hull structure 22 of ship 10 and thus an integral structure is formed including hull structure 14, skirt 16 and tank 12.
  • a sphericaltank 12 is utilized in the preferred embodiment, since the volumetric efficiency of the tank is a maximum as compared to other tanks, and since the tank occupies a minimum amount of space in the ships hull. Further, this spherical structure leaves room within the already determined hull dimensions for bottom longitudinal ring tanks 24 and bottom transverse tanks 29 (see FIG. 16) for carrying ballast or fuel. These tank structures, together with longitudinal structures, deck 27 and cross structures 25, increase the torsional and bending stiffness of the hull. Tanks 26, located below tanks 12, are double bottom fuel or ballast tanks.
  • the support system of the present invention is stress determinant, that is, since tank 12 is integrally secured to the hull structure of ship 10, the stresses transferred between the tank and bull structure due to the stresses to which the ship is subjected and to the thermal stresses produced in loading and unloading of the tank may be accurately determined.
  • the accurate determination of the stresses is achieved due to the accurate and specific connection of the skirt to the tank. Specifically, since the point of connection of skirt 16 with tank 12 is accurately known and since it is substantially tangential tothe tank itself, the stresses to which the tank will be subjected may be accurately determined prior to installation of the tank within the ship, Thus, the tank and its supportsystem may be accurately designed to transmit minimum stresses to the tank itself so thatin the event of a tank leak, catastrophic failure thereof will not occur.
  • skirt 16 The integral connection of skirt 16 with the hull also provides added rigidity to the hull, thereby increasing its capability to withstand torsional and rotational loads due to wind and wave forces, and thereby also decreasing the stresses transmitted to tank 12.
  • skirt 16 provides appropriate elastic stress distribution which is beneficial for structural response to hull movements.
  • skirt'l6 is welded directly to tank 12 although, as more fully described hereinafter, the skirt may be connected to the tank through appropriate interface structures. Due to the accurate connection between the tank skirt and hull structure, the variations in stress due to the thermal contractions and expansions of the tank during loading and unloading may also be accurately determined so that the stress levels produced by these thermal movements may be determined and designed for. By the use of the stress determinant tank and support system of the present invention, it is possible to accurately document the stresslevels of the structure so that the safety requirements of the various international shipbuilding regulatory bodies, and particularly the normal requirements concerning the need for a second protective tank can be satisfied, and such a second liquid containing tank may be eliminated in favor of a minor spray protection system.
  • skirt 16 is a cylindrical member which is secured to the lower portions of the hull.
  • skirt 30 is provided which is secured along one edge 32 thereof to the peripheral surface of tank 12 at approximately the equatorial plane of the tank.
  • skirt is a generally frustro-conical member having its base edge 34 secured to the upper areas of the hull structure 22 so that the tank is suspended from the hull structure rather than seated thereon as in the case in the embodiment of FIG. 2.
  • the connection between edge 32 and tank 12 may be either a direct welded seam or may comprise an interface structure such as for example, one of the interface structures described hereinafter.
  • connection between the skirt and the tank is at the equatorial plane of the tank, it is contemplated, as seen in'FIG. 3, that the connection may be made at some other location, as for example, slightly below the equatorial plane. Equally satisfactory results will be obtained from such a supporting system. 7
  • an interface structure may be provided which will also provide the stress determinant characteristic of the supporting system by providing an accurate determination of the location of the skirt with respect to the tank, so that stresses therein may be predetermined before the tanks are secured to the ship.
  • annular generally T-shaped structural member 40 is secured to the peripheral outer surface of tank 12 slightly above the equatorial plane thereof.
  • generally flat structure member 44 is similarly secured to surface 42 at a position somewhat below the equa-' torial plane.
  • Members 40 and 44 are interconnected by evenly spaced vertical plates 46 which are integrally secured, as by welding, to the surface 42 of tank 12 and to members'40 and 44 themselves;
  • Top edge 18 of skirt 16 is welded to vertical plates 46 to provide an integral supporting structure therewith for tank 12. In this manner the specific location of skirt 16 with respect to tank 12 is known before the tank is installed within the ship so that the advantages of the previously discussed embodiment, which also provides a stress determinant supporting structure, are retained.
  • two additional generally T-shaped structural members 48 are secured, as by welding, to the inside surface 50 of tank 12 in locations opposite members 40 and 44 respectively. Further structural stability is obtained by integrally connecting members 48 by vertically extending plates 52 welded to both inside wall 50 and to both of members 48. While top edge 18 of skirt 16 may be a generally straight edge, it is contemplated that other convenient configurations may be suitable for use with this interface structure, as for example, as illustrated in FIG. 5 wherein it is shown that a generally sinusoidally shaped edge 18a is utilized in securing skirt 16 to plates Yet another embodiment of the supporting system of the present invention forattaching the skirt 16 to tank and is substantially contiguous with flange 56.
  • a pair of adjustable wedges 60 is inserted between flanges 56 and 58 to provide an adjustment for the relative positions between flanges 56 and 58 so that a predetermined spacing between these members may be achieved to provide the desirable stress determinant characteristic of the prior embodiments.
  • Flanges 56 and 58 may be secured in the desired predetermined position in any convenient manner and preferably the flanges are bolted together by bolt assemblies 62 at evenly spaced locations about the periphery of the tank.
  • Interface structure 70 comprises a generally annular ring 72 forming an integral part of tank 12 and is welded at opposed edges 75 and 76 to adjacent plates 78 of the tank itself.
  • Ring 72 has a first portion 74, having substantially the same width as tank plate 78, and a second or extension portion 77 which is integral with portion 74.
  • Extension 77 provided ring 72 with somewhat greater width than adjacent tank plate 78 and is defined by groove 80 formed in lower surface 82 thereof. Lower surface 82 of extension 77 is secured, by welding, to top edge 18 of skirt 16.
  • this groove is preferably chosen to be generally elliptical in configuration, as seen in the drawings, to provide minimum stress concentrations at the critical area of connection between the tank and the skirt where the stress transference therebetween occurs.
  • groove 80 it is contemplated that other convenient configurations may also be chosen for groove 80, and in particular it is foreseen that square or rectangular, grooves may also be utilized.
  • each of the tanks 12 in the previously discussed embodiments maybe initiated by spray nozzles (not shown) which are adapted to spray the interior surfaces of the tank with liquified gas'before the bulk of the cold liquid is introduced. In this way the tank is slowly cooled in order to eliminate any possible failures by thermal shock by contact of the extremely cold liq'uified gas with the tank walls with are at ambient temperatures.
  • FIG. 8 of the drawings a refrigeration system which is utilized to control the temperature of the gas after loading, is illustrated. As seen therein, two refrigeration systems 270 and 272 either or both of which may be used in a ship .constructed in accordance with the present invention, are provided.
  • System 270 utilizes the evaporation of liquified gas in tank 12 to keep the gas at a low temperature.
  • the liquified gas evaporates within the tank 12 it absorbs heat of vaporization from the surface of the enclosed liquid, thus maintaining the low temperature of the liquid therein.
  • the gas is discharged from tank 12 either through pressure relief valve 274 in discharge line 376 to the atmosphere or through gas control valve 275 in discharge line 276 to the ships boilers or propulsion system278, for use as fuel therein.
  • the evaporating gas absorbs enough heat in this system to'cool the liquified gas to a temperature below its condensation temperature.
  • the second refrigeration system 272 which may be employed to refrigerate the liquified gas within the tank 12 requires utilization of a two or three stage refrigeration system 280.
  • the evaporated gas within 12 is withdrawn from the top thereof, through valve 281, liquified by the refrigeration system, and returned to the tank through valve 283.
  • vaporous gas is taken from the top of tank 12 through conduit 276 and 282 to the two stage refrigeration system 280, which may be of conventional construction, and which converts the vaporous gas back to its liquid phase.
  • the resulting liquid is then returned to tank 12 through line 284. Since this refrigeration system requires relatively heavy, complex, and expensive equipment, it is utilized only for the more expensive gases such as ethylene, which gases do not require the extremely low temperatures (as for example less than ,l60F) that are necessary to maintain other gases in their liquid state.
  • liquified gas within tank 12 will be unloaded through conduit 286 by pump 288, while gas vapor is returned from shore through conduit 300 to maintain a positive pressure in the tank as liquid is removed.
  • pump 288 alternative methods are available for unloading. In one of these methods gas is drawn from another cargo tank or from ashore through conduit 290 and pumped through compressor 292 into the cargo tank through conduit 294. Alternatively, liquid may be withdrawn from another cargo tank or from ashore through conduit 296, vaporized in heat exchanger 298 and passed through the compressor to the cargo tank. Both of these systems pressurize the tank. Heater 298 may also be utilized during normal loading and unloading operations to prevent the formation of a vacuum in the tank as liquified gas is unloaded, thereby maintaining at least a pressure balance on either side of the tank with the atmosphere.
  • skirt structure includes a cylindrical foundation skirt 122 welded to the ships hull structure 22 along an annular seam 124.
  • Foundation skirt 122 is provided with a top generally flat annular flange 125, which is adapted to support tank 12 through upper skirt 126.
  • Skirt 126 is welded along its top edge 128 to the equatorial peripheral portion of tank 12, and has a generally flat lower annular flange 130, corresponding to and contiguous with flange 125.
  • Flange 130 is seated on flange 125, and in practice a resilient material may be positioned between the two flanges to provide a resilient support therebetween for tank 12.
  • brackets 132 are provided along the sides 134 of hull structure 22. Brackets 132 overlap flange 130 to limit the extent of vertical movement of the tank. Alternatively, verticalmovement may be limited by loose bolt connections between flanges 125 and 130.
  • Skirt portion 126 is, as mentioned, Welded to tank 12 in the same manner as the previously discussed embodiments, and accordingly, no secondary barrier or double tank is required since this construction is stress determinant and therefore the tank may be designedsuch that and defects thereof will cause leaks in the tank but not catastrophic failure thereof.
  • bottom 136 and sides 138 of hull structure 22 of this embodiment and in the previously described embodiments are provided with a thermal insulation lining in order to protect all inner surfaces of the hull from being sprayed by any of the extremely cold liquified gas should a small leak occur within tank 12. In this manner, brittle failure of the hull structure due to contact with the cold liquid is prevented.
  • FIG. 11 The resilient supporting mechanisms and the locking devices between flanges 130 and 125.are illustrated in FIG. 11.
  • a plurality of resilient pads 140 are positioned along flange 125 at predetermined locations.
  • these pads are formed of a resilient material such as plastic rubber and are evenly spaced in groups of four about the entire flange.
  • a plurality of locking devices 142 are provided to prevent all but limited movement of tank 12 on flange 125.
  • Locking devices 142 are more clearly illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13, wherein it is seen that in each locking device 142, four brackets 144 of similar construction are attached to flange 125 on foundation skirt 122. Brackets 144 are positioned to provide a generally radially extending quide groove 146 and a circumferential guide groove 148. Flange 130 is provided with a plurality of depending extensions 150 and 152, which as seen in FIG. 13 are dimensioned to fit within groove 146 and 148 respectively. Extension 150 is a generally rectangular member which is closely fit within groove 146 so that rotational movement of tank 12 with respect to flange 125 is prevented.
  • extension 152 is a relatively thin member which is somewhat narrower than groove 148 so that limited radical movement of the tank 12 with respect to flange 125 is permitted.
  • thermal movements of the tank as a result of contractions and expansions thereof due to the changes in temperature within the tank during loading and unloading may be accommodated and isolated from skirt 122 and hull structure
  • Upper. skirt section 126 is secured, in this embodiment, as seen in FIG. 9 be welding of top edge 18 thereof to the exterior surface 42 of tank 12 along a straight line.
  • the top method of isolatingthermal expansions and contractions of the tank from the lowermost portions of the skirt structure and the hull structure of the ship 10.
  • FIG. 15 One method of accomplishing this illustrated in FIG. 15 where it is shown that tank 12 is provided with a covering 1600f thermal insulation material about its entire periphery. Insulation material is extended down along both sides of skirt 126 and is tapered therealong in a controlled manner to a predetermined distance below the point of juncture 162 of the skirt with tank 12. The extent and shape of extension 164 of insulation material 160 is predetermined by heat engineering calculations so that a temperature gradient is achieved in the skirt results in acceptable thermal stresses. Generally the insulation should be designed so that the gradient in the skirt reaches ambient temperature at flange 130.
  • Wedge shaped area 166 as seen in FIG. 15, formedbetween skirt 126 and tank 12 adjacent the point of juncture 162, may be filled with heat conducting material 168 to insure even thermal transmissions between tank 12 and skirt 126 in the region of the point of juncture 162 so that an even temperature gradient is produced in skirt 126 throughout the circumferential extent thereof. In this manner it is assured that no thermal stress concentrations are formed within either skirt 126 of tank 12.
  • skirt 16 will be secured to the interface structure as aforesaid and its configuration will be in conformity with the associated tank.
  • a generally conically shaped tank is illustrated which is supported by a two-part skirt similar in construction to the skirt 122 of the embodiment of FIG. 9.
  • a generally frustro-conical top skirt portion 182 is provided which is welded along its top edge 184 tothe cylindrical surface 186 of tank 188 at a position slightly above its equatorial axis.
  • Skirt 182 is provided with flange 130 which is seated on flange 125 of foundation skirt 122. Flanges 125 and 130 are operatively connected by resilient support means and locking devices as in the previously discussed embodiments.
  • skirt portion 182 may be integrally joined to hull structure 22 of ship as in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1. 1
  • Apparatus as in claim 2 including thermal insulation surrounding said skirt and extending from the point of juncture of said skirt with said tank towards said hull structure, said insulation having a decreasing thickness at points remote from said point of juncture whereby the temperature gradients in said skirt are predetermined.
  • edge of said skirt secured to said tank has a generally sinusoidal point of juncture of said one edge with said tank, and a second skirt portion having one edge integrally secured to said hull structure and an opposed edge remote from the point of juncture of its first edge with said hull structure, said opposed edges of said first and second skirt portions being positioned adjacent each other and having mutually opposed flange portions operably connected with each other to form said skirt means.
  • Apparatus as in claim 12 wherein said accommodating means prevents rotational movement and lateral movementof said flanges with respect to each modating means comprises means for defining radial and circumferential tracks at predetermined locations on one of said flanges and a plurality of radial and circumferential extensions on the other of said flanges' sions having substantially the same width as said radial tracks to prevent rotational and lateral movement between said flanges, and said circumferential extensions having a width substantially less than the width of said circumferential tracks, thereby to accommodate changes in the radial dimensions of said first skirt portion with respect to said second skirt portion.
  • Apparatus as in claim 14 including a plurality of resilient pads secured to one of said flanges to provide resilient support between said first and second skirt portions.
  • Apparatus for storing liquified gas in combina tion with a transport carrier comprising a cargo tank being generally curvilinear in cross section and adapted to contain liquified gas, said tank being a pressure vessel for containing said gas under at least atconfiguration whereby a relatively large weld area is provided between said skirt and said tank.
  • said skirt has a plurality of apertures at predetermined locations to dismospheric pressure, and means for supporting said tank on said carrier, said supporting meanS being integrally connected at one end to said carrier and integrally connected in tangential relation at its other end along a peripheral portion of said tank, to thermally isolate said tank from said carrier, and separate means for maintaining a low temperature condition within said tank to maintain said gas in its liquid phase, whereby changes in the dimensional characteristics of said tank due to temperature changes in sand tank are permitted independently of said carrier.
  • said cargo tank has a generally circular cross section and said supporting means comprises a skirt integrally secured at one end to said tank in tangential relation and integrally secured at its opposed end to the structural members of said carrier.
  • said interface structure comprises an annular ring having an integral extension extending tangentially to said tank and defining a free end positioned a predetermined distance from said tank, said free end of said extension being integrally secured in abutting relation to said one end of said skirt.
  • Apparatus as in claim 19 including means for maintaining a low temperature condition within said cargo tank to maintain said gas in its liquid phase.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US81101A 1969-10-18 1970-10-15 Tanker for liquified and/or compressed gas Expired - Lifetime US3680323A (en)

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NO4145/69A NO124471C (fr) 1969-10-18 1969-10-18

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US3680323A true US3680323A (en) 1972-08-01

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US (1) US3680323A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5120797B1 (fr)
BE (1) BE757662A (fr)
DE (1) DE2050759C3 (fr)
DK (1) DK154017C (fr)
ES (1) ES384657A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2066105A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1317940A (fr)
NL (1) NL165122C (fr)
NO (1) NO124471C (fr)
SE (1) SE371981B (fr)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3841253A (en) * 1973-04-12 1974-10-15 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Horizontal support system for ship tanks for low temperature liquefied gas
US3859805A (en) * 1974-02-08 1975-01-14 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Flat bottom ship tank for transport of liquefied gas
US3899988A (en) * 1972-09-02 1975-08-19 Sener Tecnica Industrial Ships equipped with pressurized cargo tanks supported on continuous shells
US4004535A (en) * 1973-09-11 1977-01-25 A/S Akers Mek. Verksted Vessel comprising a hull for transporting cooled liquefield gas
US4011964A (en) * 1975-04-24 1977-03-15 Moss Rosenberg Verft A/S Equatorial profile for large spherical tanks
DE2726401A1 (de) * 1976-08-23 1978-03-02 Moss Rosenberg Verft As Vorrichtung bei einem isolierten tank
US4090460A (en) * 1975-10-20 1978-05-23 Hitachi Shipbuilding & Eng. Co., Ltd. Spherical tank supporting system for low temperature liquified gas storage tank carrying vessel
US4099649A (en) * 1975-05-22 1978-07-11 Gaz-Transport Apparatus for transporting fluids at low temperature
DE2821010A1 (de) * 1977-05-13 1978-11-16 Gen Dynamics Corp Tank fuer fluessiggas und verfahren zu dessen fuellen
US4133094A (en) * 1977-08-22 1979-01-09 Chicago Bridge & Iron Company Method of joining a tank and skirt support together
US4202648A (en) * 1977-09-06 1980-05-13 Moss Rosenberg Verft A/S Floating plant for offshore liquefaction, temporary storage and loading of LNG
US4509657A (en) * 1981-11-04 1985-04-09 Moss Rosenberg Verft A/S Insulation embodiment in a wedge-shaped space between two structural members
US4672906A (en) * 1984-06-08 1987-06-16 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Freight carrier's hull construction for carrying cryogenic or high temperature freight
US5018634A (en) * 1989-09-12 1991-05-28 Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle Suspended skin for thermal insulation of cryogenic propellants
WO2010042075A1 (fr) * 2008-10-09 2010-04-15 Keppel Offshore & Marine Technology Centre Pte Ltd Conversion de coque de navires existants pour intégration de réservoir
CN101970286A (zh) * 2007-12-21 2011-02-09 泰克尼普法国公司 深吃水半潜式浮动生产、存储和卸载船
US20150158557A1 (en) * 2013-12-06 2015-06-11 Gva Consultants Ab Floating vessel with tunnel
EP3032161A1 (fr) 2014-12-12 2016-06-15 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Système de confinement pour gaz liquéfiés
CN105927857A (zh) * 2016-04-28 2016-09-07 江苏久维压力容器制造有限公司 一种旋紧式运输高压气瓶的装置
JP2016182878A (ja) * 2015-03-26 2016-10-20 三菱重工業株式会社 タンクの支持構造及び船舶
CN106536342A (zh) * 2014-07-24 2017-03-22 三井造船株式会社 液化气体运输船及液化气体运输船的设计方法

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO148611C (no) * 1980-06-18 1983-11-09 Moss Rosenberg Verft As Fundament for en eller flere skjoertopplagrede kuletanker og fremgangsmaate ved dets fremstilling
ES8609103A1 (es) * 1981-05-26 1986-09-01 Sener Ing & Sist Perfeccionamientos en tanques de revolucion de eje vertical a bordo de buques
NO300314B1 (no) * 1994-01-28 1997-05-12 Kvaerner Moss Tech As Tank til transport av flytendegjort naturgass
JP2015217749A (ja) 2014-05-15 2015-12-07 川崎重工業株式会社 液化ガスタンクの船体支持構造及び液化ガス運搬船
CN110822283A (zh) * 2019-09-27 2020-02-21 广州文冲船厂有限责任公司 一种立式lng储罐的安装方法

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US3011321A (en) * 1957-12-02 1961-12-05 Texaco Inc Apparatus for the maintenance of liquefied petroleum products
US3087883A (en) * 1957-10-28 1963-04-30 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Pressure vessels
US3114344A (en) * 1962-09-04 1963-12-17 Phillips Petroleum Co Ship for transporting volatile liquid and process
US3276412A (en) * 1964-08-12 1966-10-04 Bethlehem Steel Corp Fluid tight shield
US3280779A (en) * 1964-09-14 1966-10-25 Breit Eng Inc Waterborne freight-carrying vehicles
US3280778A (en) * 1961-03-10 1966-10-25 Wm Cory & Son Ltd Support in ships of tanks designed to carry low temperature liquids
US3295791A (en) * 1964-12-11 1967-01-03 Dolphus H Black Storage container mounting for space vehicles
US3331525A (en) * 1963-12-13 1967-07-18 Kieler Howaldtswerke Ag Device for connecting liquefied gas tank linings with the bulkheads of a ship
US3380611A (en) * 1966-04-25 1968-04-30 Ltv Aerospace Corp Cryogenic storage container
US3403651A (en) * 1965-03-05 1968-10-01 Sarl Gaz Transp Integral tank for transporting liquefied gas
US3422779A (en) * 1966-03-28 1969-01-21 Rudolf Becker Tankship for the transportation of low-temperature liquefied gases
US3507242A (en) * 1967-03-17 1970-04-21 Mcmullen John J Tanker for the transportation of liquefied gases

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GB818073A (en) * 1956-01-04 1959-08-12 North Thames Gas Board Containers for liquefied gas transportation
US1806508A (en) * 1931-05-19 Kichaed f
US2955723A (en) * 1954-11-08 1960-10-11 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Double wall pressure vessel
US2769563A (en) * 1955-06-22 1956-11-06 Kellogg M W Co Insulated skirt supported vessels
BE549662A (fr) * 1955-07-19
US2901592A (en) * 1956-03-29 1959-08-25 Kellogg M W Co Method for fabricating vessels
BE564672A (fr) * 1957-02-12
DE1250289B (de) * 1958-05-29 1967-09-14 Chevron Research Company San Francisco, Calif (V St A) Tragkonstruktion fur Flussig gastanks
FR1230135A (fr) * 1958-06-26 1960-09-13 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Perfectionnements aux enceintes sous pression
GB899224A (en) * 1959-06-16 1962-06-20 Gen Electric Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to welded structures
GB1071862A (en) * 1965-01-22 1967-06-14 Goetaverken Ab Improvements in or relating to means for supporting containers,particularly cargo tanks on ships
US3425583A (en) * 1966-09-07 1969-02-04 Mcmullen John J Arrangement for keying liquefied gas storage tanks within a transport vessel

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3087883A (en) * 1957-10-28 1963-04-30 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Pressure vessels
US3011321A (en) * 1957-12-02 1961-12-05 Texaco Inc Apparatus for the maintenance of liquefied petroleum products
US3280778A (en) * 1961-03-10 1966-10-25 Wm Cory & Son Ltd Support in ships of tanks designed to carry low temperature liquids
US3114344A (en) * 1962-09-04 1963-12-17 Phillips Petroleum Co Ship for transporting volatile liquid and process
US3331525A (en) * 1963-12-13 1967-07-18 Kieler Howaldtswerke Ag Device for connecting liquefied gas tank linings with the bulkheads of a ship
US3276412A (en) * 1964-08-12 1966-10-04 Bethlehem Steel Corp Fluid tight shield
US3280779A (en) * 1964-09-14 1966-10-25 Breit Eng Inc Waterborne freight-carrying vehicles
US3295791A (en) * 1964-12-11 1967-01-03 Dolphus H Black Storage container mounting for space vehicles
US3403651A (en) * 1965-03-05 1968-10-01 Sarl Gaz Transp Integral tank for transporting liquefied gas
US3422779A (en) * 1966-03-28 1969-01-21 Rudolf Becker Tankship for the transportation of low-temperature liquefied gases
US3380611A (en) * 1966-04-25 1968-04-30 Ltv Aerospace Corp Cryogenic storage container
US3507242A (en) * 1967-03-17 1970-04-21 Mcmullen John J Tanker for the transportation of liquefied gases

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3899988A (en) * 1972-09-02 1975-08-19 Sener Tecnica Industrial Ships equipped with pressurized cargo tanks supported on continuous shells
US3841253A (en) * 1973-04-12 1974-10-15 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Horizontal support system for ship tanks for low temperature liquefied gas
US4004535A (en) * 1973-09-11 1977-01-25 A/S Akers Mek. Verksted Vessel comprising a hull for transporting cooled liquefield gas
US3859805A (en) * 1974-02-08 1975-01-14 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Flat bottom ship tank for transport of liquefied gas
US4011964A (en) * 1975-04-24 1977-03-15 Moss Rosenberg Verft A/S Equatorial profile for large spherical tanks
US4099649A (en) * 1975-05-22 1978-07-11 Gaz-Transport Apparatus for transporting fluids at low temperature
US4090460A (en) * 1975-10-20 1978-05-23 Hitachi Shipbuilding & Eng. Co., Ltd. Spherical tank supporting system for low temperature liquified gas storage tank carrying vessel
US4220255A (en) * 1976-08-23 1980-09-02 Moss Rosenberg Verft A.S. Insulated tanks for liquefied gases
US4141465A (en) * 1976-08-23 1979-02-27 Moss Rosenberg Verft A.S. Insulated tanks for liquefied gases
DE2726401A1 (de) * 1976-08-23 1978-03-02 Moss Rosenberg Verft As Vorrichtung bei einem isolierten tank
DE2821010A1 (de) * 1977-05-13 1978-11-16 Gen Dynamics Corp Tank fuer fluessiggas und verfahren zu dessen fuellen
US4133094A (en) * 1977-08-22 1979-01-09 Chicago Bridge & Iron Company Method of joining a tank and skirt support together
US4202648A (en) * 1977-09-06 1980-05-13 Moss Rosenberg Verft A/S Floating plant for offshore liquefaction, temporary storage and loading of LNG
US4509657A (en) * 1981-11-04 1985-04-09 Moss Rosenberg Verft A/S Insulation embodiment in a wedge-shaped space between two structural members
US4672906A (en) * 1984-06-08 1987-06-16 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Freight carrier's hull construction for carrying cryogenic or high temperature freight
US5018634A (en) * 1989-09-12 1991-05-28 Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle Suspended skin for thermal insulation of cryogenic propellants
CN101970286B (zh) * 2007-12-21 2013-08-14 泰克尼普法国公司 深吃水半潜式浮动生产、存储和卸载船
CN101970286A (zh) * 2007-12-21 2011-02-09 泰克尼普法国公司 深吃水半潜式浮动生产、存储和卸载船
WO2010042075A1 (fr) * 2008-10-09 2010-04-15 Keppel Offshore & Marine Technology Centre Pte Ltd Conversion de coque de navires existants pour intégration de réservoir
US20110192339A1 (en) * 2008-10-09 2011-08-11 Keppel Offshore & Marine Technology Centre Pte Ltd Hull conversion of existing vessels for tank integration
US8671863B2 (en) 2008-10-09 2014-03-18 Keppel Offshore & Marine Technology Centre Pte Ltd Hull conversion of existing vessels for tank integration
US20150158557A1 (en) * 2013-12-06 2015-06-11 Gva Consultants Ab Floating vessel with tunnel
US9132892B2 (en) * 2013-12-06 2015-09-15 Gva Consultants Ab Floating vessel with tunnel
CN106536342A (zh) * 2014-07-24 2017-03-22 三井造船株式会社 液化气体运输船及液化气体运输船的设计方法
EP3032161A1 (fr) 2014-12-12 2016-06-15 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Système de confinement pour gaz liquéfiés
JP2016182878A (ja) * 2015-03-26 2016-10-20 三菱重工業株式会社 タンクの支持構造及び船舶
CN105927857A (zh) * 2016-04-28 2016-09-07 江苏久维压力容器制造有限公司 一种旋紧式运输高压气瓶的装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL165122C (nl) 1981-03-16
NO124471C (fr) 1975-01-02
DE2050759C3 (de) 1984-11-08
BE757662A (fr) 1971-04-01
NO124471B (fr) 1972-04-24
GB1317940A (en) 1973-05-23
DK154017B (da) 1988-10-03
ES384657A1 (es) 1973-07-16
DK154017C (da) 1989-02-13
FR2066105A5 (fr) 1971-08-06
DE2050759A1 (de) 1971-04-29
NL165122B (nl) 1980-10-15
SE371981B (fr) 1974-12-09
NL7015247A (fr) 1971-04-20
JPS5120797B1 (fr) 1976-06-28
DE2050759B2 (de) 1977-12-22

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