US3657897A - Tunnelling shield - Google Patents

Tunnelling shield Download PDF

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Publication number
US3657897A
US3657897A US115399A US3657897DA US3657897A US 3657897 A US3657897 A US 3657897A US 115399 A US115399 A US 115399A US 3657897D A US3657897D A US 3657897DA US 3657897 A US3657897 A US 3657897A
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United States
Prior art keywords
shield
body portion
set forth
face
collar
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Expired - Lifetime
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US115399A
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English (en)
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Josef Krismer Jr
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/0607—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel, e.g. shuttering

Definitions

  • a tunnelling shield mainly consists of a heavy steel tube pro-v vided with cutting segments about its front rim and having an annular collar on its outer axial wall near the rim.
  • Pouches of elastomeric material are distributed about the rear face of the collar and can be inflated by means of hydraulic fluid. Concrete injecting conduits terminate in orifices in the outer tube wall which are directed toward the rear face of the collar so that a tunnel lining can be poured in the space behind the collar bounded by the shield in a radially inward direction, and the shield can be driven forward by expansion of the pouches abutting against the last-cured concrete section,
  • the tubular shield body is provided with a collar near its front rim and the cutting edge on the same.
  • Conduits terminate in the space bounded by the body of the shield in a radially inward direction and by the collar in a forward axial direction, and concrete is injected into the space through the conduits under pressure to form a liner for the tunnel.
  • the pressure of the injected concrete provides the sole propelling force for the known shield.
  • the tunnelling shields commonly employed heretofore are heavy steel cylinders which are open at both ends and are each equipped with a structural diaphragm at approximately midlength. Hydraulic jacks arranged in the shield abut against the diaphragm and portions of the previously built structure for advancing the tube whose front rim is equipped with a cutting edge. The interior of the tube accomodates devices for breaking the soil and for removing the debris. As the shield advances, the walls of the tunnel so formed are lined with concrete.
  • the last-described conventional shields are costly in their construction and operation. They can be used only where they ultimately break out of the ground, or they must be dug out from the surface they cannot be moved backward. They cannot be used conveniently for driving blind tunnels because they are not readily disassembled under ground.
  • the hydraulic jacks provide limited driving force even though they may encumber a substantial portion of the tunnel section.
  • a basic object of this invention is the provision of a tunnelling shield which is free of the shortcomings of the known types of apparatus briefly described above.
  • the invention provides a tunnelling shield whose tubular body portion is equipped with a cutting device axially projecting from the front rim of the body portion.
  • a collar projects from the outer axial wall of the body portion adjacent the front rim in a radially outward direction.
  • the collar which is integral with or otherwise fixedly fastened to the body portion, has a radially extending, rearwardly directed annular face.
  • An expansion device on the rear face of the collar includes at least one element of elastomeric material which encloses a sealed cavity to which a fluid may be supplied for expanding the element in an axial direction. Concrete mixture may be injected into the space bounded in part by the rear face of the collar and the outer axial wall of the body portion from a feed conduit having an orifice adjacent the elastomeric body.
  • FIG. 1 shows a tunnelling shield of the invention in sideelevational section on the line I I in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 2 shows the shield in fragmentary section on the line II II in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the shield of FIG. 1 in rear-elevational section on the line III III;
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 respectively illustrate portions of the devices of FIGS. 2 and 1 on a larger scale.
  • FIG. 1 there is seen a tunnelling shield l of the invention whose tubular body portion 2 is circular in cross section.
  • the axial steel walls of the body portion 2 terminate in an annular front rim 3 on which a ring 4 of cutting segments 4' is arranged.
  • a collar 5 on the front end of the body portion 2 near the rim 3 is provided with a groove in its front face which is engaged by corresponding projections on the segments 4, the segments being held in position by wedges, not shown.
  • the rearwardly directed face 5' of the collar 5 is provided with 12 trough-shaped recesses 8.
  • Each recess is elongated circumferentially of the face 5, the recesses are distributed equiangularly about the axis of the shield, and they hold respective conforming pouches 9 of heavy synthetic rubber, best seen in FIG. 3, and reinforced by non-illustrated steel springs.
  • Three groups of conduits extend axially along the inner wall of the body portion 2 and terminate in or near the pouches 9. They are protected against mechanical damage by integral, axial ribs 6 on the inner wall.
  • Relatively wide conduits 6 lead firom a non-illustrated concrete pump to flaring orifices 7 in the outer axial wall 13 of the body portion 2 which are directed obliquely against the rear face 5 of the collar 5, as is best seen in FIGS. 2 and 4.
  • Rinsing water lines 20 enter respective orifices 7 in a direction opposite to the direction of flow of concrete mixture from the conduits 6 outwardly of the orifices 7 as indicated by the curved arrow 21 in FIG. 4.
  • Pressure lines 10 connect a non-illustrated hydraulic pump and control valve to each pouch 9 so that the pouch may be expanded toward the condition illustrated in FIG. 3 in which the pouches project from the recesses 8 in the rear face 5, and drained of fluid until they collapse into the shape shown in FIG. 5 by their own resiliency and that of the built-in springs, not shown.
  • Radial apertures 25,26 near the rear face 5 extend through the wall 13 of the body portion 2 near the collar 5 for purposes presently to be described.
  • the body portion 2 is circumferentially split into four segments connected to each other by flanges 17 and bolts 19, as is best seen in FIG. 3.
  • the flanges project radially into the interior of the body portion 2, and extend over the entire axial length of the portion.
  • the segment 11 which forms the roof of the body portion 2 in the normal operating condition abuts against the circumferential adjacent segments by means of flat faces of flanges 12 which converge in a readially outward direction so that the segment 11 may be pulled into the interi or of the body portion after release of non-illustrated fastening bolts on the flanges 12, corresponding to the bolts 19.
  • the rear portion 15 of the shield 1 (FIG. 1) is releasably fastened to the rear rim 14 of the body portion 2 in a conventional manner, not shown. It is of uniformly cylindrical shape and of smaller wall thickness and smaller average diameter than the body portion 2. Both portions 2 and 15 carry vibrators, not illustrated and conventional in themselves.
  • the tunnelling shield of the invention is operated as follows, starting from the condition shown in FIG. 1 in which a tubular concrete lining 16 for the tunnel extends rearwardly from the collar face 5 and envelopes the body portion 2 and the rear portion 15 of the shield 1, and is itself surrounded by soil 18 which also extends across the cutting ring 4 at the open front end of the shield.
  • Hydraulic fluid is pumped into the pouches 9 so that the pouches expand outward of the associated recesses 8, abuttingly engage the annular front face of the previously poured and cured concrete tube 16, and thereby inch the entire shield toward the left, as viewed in FIG. 1, the cutting ring 4 breaking the soil 18.
  • an annular space is formed which is radially bounded by the soil 18 and the axial wall 13, and axially by the rear face 5' and the tubular concrete lining 16.
  • the space is filled with concrete mixture discharged from the orifice 7 while the shield 1 stands still, and the conduits 6 are promptly thereafter purged of concrete mixture by water discharged from the pipes 20 into the concrete feed conduits 6 whose non-illustrated rear ends are vented simultaneously, while water from the pipes 20 cannot penetrate into the freshly poured, confined concrete ring.
  • the concrete mixture is quickly cured by suitable choice of ingredients, and preferably by being heated in a known manner as it flows through the conduits 6. As soon as the newly poured ring has sufficiently hardened, a new cycle may begin with expansion of the pouches 9. Adhesion of the concrete to the body portion 2 and the rear portion 15 is held to a minimum or prevented by the use of the aforementioned, non-illustrated vibrators, and release of the body portion 2 from the last-poured concrete ring is facilitated'by a slight, conical, rearward taper of the outer axis wall 13. A small plug of concrete normally hardens in each orifice 7. It is broken off from the ring during forward movement of the shield, and ejected when the next batch of concrete mixture is discharged from the orifice.
  • Each concrete ring has 12 projections on its front face corresponding to the collapsed pouches 9 and the contours of the recesses 8, and these projections engage corresponding recesses in the next-poured annular concrete section, thereby locking the sections to each other.
  • a self-curing resilient sealing composition may be injected from time to time instead of concrete into the space partly bounded by the rear face of the collar 5 and the outer axial wall 13 of'the body portion 2 through the radial'aperture 25.
  • the apertures 26, farther from the face 5, have been used for introducing continuous, reinforcing steel rods into the concrete lining 16;
  • the power available for pushing theshield through the soil 18 is greater than can be achieved with practical hydraulic equipment of the conventional type.
  • ahydraulic pressure of 500 kg/cm which is readily available, the pouches on a shield of the invention having a diameter of'8.4 mand otherwise correspondingly dimensioned, as is evident from the drawing, develop a propelling force of 42,000 metric tons.
  • expansion means on said face, said expansion means including at least one element of elastomeric material enclosing a sealed cavity, and supply means communicating with said cavity for supplying to said cavity a fluid under pressure and for thereby expanding said element in an axial direction; and v e. injecting means for injecting concrete mixture into a spacebounded by said face and said wall, said injecting means including a feed conduit having an orifice adjacent said element.
  • the propelling force need not be distributed uniformly about the circumference of the cutting ring 4, but may be varied to suit soil strata of different resistance, and also to extend the tunnel not in a straight line but in an arc. r
  • the body portion 2 is readily dismantled underground by withdrawing the roof section 11 toward the shield axis, and by thereafter separating the other segments along the flanges 17. It is therefore possible to use the shield of the invention in building blind tunnels which are'required, for example, in subways.
  • a shield asset forth in claim 1 further comprising rinsing means for'rinsing said feed conduit of concrete mixture, said rinsing means including a conduit entering said orifice in a direction opposite to the direction of flow of said mixture from said conduit outwardly of said orifice.
  • said segments having two circumferentially spaced end v faces abuttingly engaging corresponding faces of adjacent seg-.
  • said end faces of said one segment converging in a radially outward direction at an angle sufficient to permit said one section to be withdrawn inward toward the axis of said body portion, and fastening means releasably securing said one body portion in abutting relationship of said end faces thereof with said corresponding faces.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
US115399A 1970-02-25 1971-02-16 Tunnelling shield Expired - Lifetime US3657897A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT174870A AT300013B (de) 1970-02-25 1970-02-25 Einrichtung zur Durchführung der Schildbauweise für die Errichtung von Tunneln oder Stollen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3657897A true US3657897A (en) 1972-04-25

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ID=3520147

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US115399A Expired - Lifetime US3657897A (en) 1970-02-25 1971-02-16 Tunnelling shield

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US3657897A (ro)
AT (1) AT300013B (ro)
CA (1) CA929365A (ro)
CH (1) CH533206A (ro)
CS (1) CS172920B4 (ro)
DE (1) DE2108591C3 (ro)
FR (1) FR2078788A5 (ro)
GB (1) GB1303419A (ro)
IL (1) IL36177A (ro)
NL (1) NL7101329A (ro)
PL (1) PL76482B1 (ro)
RO (1) RO57651A (ro)
SE (1) SE372580B (ro)
SU (1) SU393842A3 (ro)
YU (1) YU34449B (ro)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3762174A (en) * 1972-07-17 1973-10-02 Pamco Const Protective inching shield for pipe-laying
US3788087A (en) * 1972-04-25 1974-01-29 Patin Pierre Method and apparatus for use in tunnelling
JPS5035934A (ro) * 1973-08-02 1975-04-04
US3955373A (en) * 1972-12-08 1976-05-11 Stelmo Limited Tunnelling shields
US4147453A (en) * 1977-02-15 1979-04-03 Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia Method of, and apparatus for, driving and lining tunnels
GB2167796A (en) * 1984-12-01 1986-06-04 Tunneline Limited Temporary formwork for tunnel or sewer lining
US4768898A (en) * 1985-08-22 1988-09-06 Hochtief Ag Vorm. Gebr. Helfmann Process and apparatus for continuously lining a tunnel with extruded concrete
US5267814A (en) * 1990-11-07 1993-12-07 Tokuichiro Yoshida Mechanism and method for continuously constructing reinforced concrete tunnel
CN103062414A (zh) * 2013-01-24 2013-04-24 中国铁建重工集团有限公司 一种用于盾构涌水事故抢险的紧急密封装置

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3126651C1 (de) * 1981-07-07 1983-01-27 Hochtief Ag Vorm. Gebr. Helfmann, 4300 Essen Stirnschalung für eine Tunnelvortriebsmaschine
DE3630240A1 (de) * 1986-09-05 1988-03-10 Strabag Bau Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zum auskleiden und sichern eines im schildvortrieb aufgefahrenen, unterirdischen hohlraumes
DE3821754C3 (de) * 1988-06-28 1997-07-17 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Verfahren zum Auffahren eines röhrenförmigen unterirdischen Hohlraumes, insbesondere in großer Teufe sowie Vortriebsschild zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
JPH0637832B2 (ja) * 1989-06-16 1994-05-18 株式会社クボタ建設 三等分割セグメントによる小口径シールド工法および該工法の実施に使用するシールド掘進機
DE50209292D1 (de) * 2002-08-14 2007-03-08 Herrenknecht Ag Schildschwanz für eine Schildvortriebseinrichtung

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB189826804A (en) * 1898-12-20 1899-02-25 William James Eames Binnie Improvements in the Construction of Subterranean Tunnels and in Machinery therefor.
US1505060A (en) * 1920-02-26 1924-08-12 George B Hoag Apparatus for excavating tunnels
US3005314A (en) * 1958-01-10 1961-10-24 Wesley B Cunningham Method and apparatus for forming tunnels or other underground conduit installations
US3472036A (en) * 1967-01-23 1969-10-14 G P Izvskatelsky I Metrogiprot Shield for constructing tunnels

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1283257B (de) * 1965-07-30 1968-11-21 Josef Boessner Vortriebsschild und Verfahren zum Betonieren von Tunnelauskleidungen unter Verwendung dieses Vortriebsschildes
DE1534678A1 (de) * 1965-09-22 1969-04-30 Hans Waldvogel Verfahren zur Herstellung von roehrenartigen Bauwerken
FR1567230A (ro) * 1968-02-23 1969-05-16

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB189826804A (en) * 1898-12-20 1899-02-25 William James Eames Binnie Improvements in the Construction of Subterranean Tunnels and in Machinery therefor.
US1505060A (en) * 1920-02-26 1924-08-12 George B Hoag Apparatus for excavating tunnels
US3005314A (en) * 1958-01-10 1961-10-24 Wesley B Cunningham Method and apparatus for forming tunnels or other underground conduit installations
US3472036A (en) * 1967-01-23 1969-10-14 G P Izvskatelsky I Metrogiprot Shield for constructing tunnels

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3788087A (en) * 1972-04-25 1974-01-29 Patin Pierre Method and apparatus for use in tunnelling
US3762174A (en) * 1972-07-17 1973-10-02 Pamco Const Protective inching shield for pipe-laying
US3955373A (en) * 1972-12-08 1976-05-11 Stelmo Limited Tunnelling shields
JPS5035934A (ro) * 1973-08-02 1975-04-04
US4147453A (en) * 1977-02-15 1979-04-03 Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia Method of, and apparatus for, driving and lining tunnels
GB2167796A (en) * 1984-12-01 1986-06-04 Tunneline Limited Temporary formwork for tunnel or sewer lining
US4768898A (en) * 1985-08-22 1988-09-06 Hochtief Ag Vorm. Gebr. Helfmann Process and apparatus for continuously lining a tunnel with extruded concrete
US5267814A (en) * 1990-11-07 1993-12-07 Tokuichiro Yoshida Mechanism and method for continuously constructing reinforced concrete tunnel
CN103062414A (zh) * 2013-01-24 2013-04-24 中国铁建重工集团有限公司 一种用于盾构涌水事故抢险的紧急密封装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2078788A5 (ro) 1971-11-05
CA929365A (en) 1973-07-03
YU34449B (en) 1979-07-10
CH533206A (de) 1973-01-31
DE2108591B2 (de) 1977-06-08
IL36177A (en) 1973-10-25
SU393842A3 (ro) 1973-08-10
PL76482B1 (ro) 1975-02-28
CS172920B4 (ro) 1977-01-28
GB1303419A (ro) 1973-01-17
DE2108591C3 (de) 1982-06-16
RO57651A (ro) 1975-01-15
IL36177A0 (en) 1971-04-28
YU44771A (en) 1978-12-31
DE2108591A1 (de) 1971-09-09
NL7101329A (ro) 1971-08-27
SE372580B (ro) 1974-12-23
AT300013B (de) 1972-07-10

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