US3313116A - Method for cooling and filling liquefied gas transport and storage tanks - Google Patents

Method for cooling and filling liquefied gas transport and storage tanks Download PDF

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Publication number
US3313116A
US3313116A US489813A US48981365A US3313116A US 3313116 A US3313116 A US 3313116A US 489813 A US489813 A US 489813A US 48981365 A US48981365 A US 48981365A US 3313116 A US3313116 A US 3313116A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tank
wall
gas
liquefied
methane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US489813A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ernst A Noennecke
Ernst H W Goettsch
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John J Mcmullen Associates Inc
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John J Mcmullen Associates Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to DE1501738A priority Critical patent/DE1501738C3/de
Application filed by John J Mcmullen Associates Inc filed Critical John J Mcmullen Associates Inc
Priority to US489813A priority patent/US3313116A/en
Priority to NO162042A priority patent/NO120480B/no
Priority to GB4824/68A priority patent/GB1135964A/en
Priority to GB11136/66A priority patent/GB1135963A/en
Priority to GB4825/68A priority patent/GB1135965A/en
Priority to BE677851D priority patent/BE677851A/xx
Priority to ATA855/69A priority patent/AT307313B/de
Priority to ES0324200A priority patent/ES324200A1/es
Priority to DE19661601255 priority patent/DE1601255A1/de
Priority to NL6603379A priority patent/NL6603379A/xx
Priority to ATA854/69A priority patent/AT306636B/de
Priority to DE19661506284 priority patent/DE1506284A1/de
Priority to FR53517A priority patent/FR1476002A/fr
Priority to DE19661601256 priority patent/DE1601256A1/de
Priority to AT00857/69A priority patent/AT302900B/de
Priority to ATA856/69A priority patent/AT309325B/de
Priority to ES0329201A priority patent/ES329201A1/es
Priority to ES0329205A priority patent/ES329205A1/es
Priority to ES0329203A priority patent/ES329203A1/es
Priority to ES0329202A priority patent/ES329202A1/es
Priority to ES0329204A priority patent/ES329204A1/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3313116A publication Critical patent/US3313116A/en
Priority to NO185468A priority patent/NO125112B/no
Priority to NO185368A priority patent/NO119485B/no
Priority to US732009A priority patent/US3670517A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/10—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by liquid-circulating or vapour-circulating jackets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/901—Liquified gas content, cryogenic

Definitions

  • ATTORNEY-S 3313 11 16 QUEFIED l2 Sheets-Sheet 7
  • E. A. NC DNNECKE TAL FOR COOLING AND FILLING LI NSPORT AND STORAGE TANKS GAS TRA Aprifi n, 1%?
  • the present invention provides a method for cooling a transport or storage container to a predetermined low temperature and filling the container with a liquid having a low evaporation point, such as liquefied methane and the like.
  • a liquid having a low evaporation point such as liquefied methane and the like.
  • a method of the type described used in conjunction with transport tanks on a liquefied methane carrier-ship is disclosed.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for reducing the temperature of the tanks of the type described in a much more eflicient, faster and economic manner.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a liquefied gas carrier-ship having a number of cargo tanks therein.
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical section taken along line 22 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a horizontal section taken along line 33 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded horizontal section of the corner structure of one of the double-walled tanks of the present invention showing one embodiment of the double-wall stiifeners.
  • FIG. 5 is a vertical section taken along line 55 of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a vertical section of the bottom corner of one of the tanks comprising the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a horizontal section taken along line 7-7 of FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 8 is a horizontal section of a second embodiment of wall stitfeners. 7
  • FIG. 9 is a side elevation taken along line 9-9 of FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 10 is a vertical section taken along line 10- 10 of FIG. 9.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 are schematic diagrams illustrating the apparatus and method of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 13-19 are graphs showing pertinent parameters at various times during the loading and cooling of the liquefied methane tanks.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a methane carrier-vessel generally indicated as 10 having four cargo tanks 12 spaced throughout the longitudinal axis of theship. 'Each tank 12 extends from the bottom to the top of the hull and has a capacity of 10,000 cubic meters.
  • the hull 14 of vessel 10 acts as a housing for tank 12 and said tank 12 is sup ported by the outer foundations 16 and a center foundation 18 fitted between the tank and hull bottoms.
  • insulating material 20 such as balsa wood, expanded plastic, polyurethane, batted mineral wool or the like, coats the walls, bottom and top of the hull 14.
  • Tank 12 comprises an outer corrugated wall 22 and an inner corrugated wall 24 having undulations such that those undulations facing toward each. other are aligned and those undulations facing away from each other are aligned.
  • a suitable number of keys (not shown) are mounted between the insulation and the outer wall 22 to enable vertical relative movement therebetween due to thermal expansion and to maintain wall alignment.
  • Inner and outer walls 22 and 24 are spaced from each other for a purpose to be described hereinbelow, and this space will hereinafter be referred to as the wall space.
  • Outer wall 22 is also spaced from the insulation 20, and this space will be hereinafter referred to as the insula tion space.
  • Longitudinal bulkhead 26 and transverse bulkhead 28 divide the inner tank into four tank sections, each section having approximately a 10,000 cubic meter volume.
  • Bulkheads 26 and 28 have a number of stiffeners (not shown) arranged thereon in thev conventional manner.
  • a suitable number of girders 30 are horizontally mounted at spaced vertical locations around the sides of the tank.
  • horizontal stiffeners are welded in the wall space to the outer wall 22 and inner wall 24.
  • the stifieners comprise two sections 32 and 34 which face and overlap each other (see FIG. 5) and are held fast by bolts 36.
  • Stiffeners 32 and 34 are shaped to overlap only in the regions where the undulations of walls 22 and 24 are closest; see FIG. 4.
  • stiffeners 32 and 34 define an opening 38 of such size to function as a'manhole or crawl space so that personnel or instruments can move unimpeded within the wall space for the purpose of conducting safety checks, such as gas leak checks and the like. Moreover, openings 38 enable a free circulation of inert gas more fully described below.
  • tank outer wall 22 must be at the same low temperature as inner wall 24 and the cargo being carried in the event inner wall 24 develops a crack or leak and the liquefied methane runs into the wall space; a low-temperature outer wall 22 prevents the liquefied methane from vaporizing, and thus, it reduces the chance of explosion.
  • the overlapping arrangement of stiffeners 32 and 34 serves as safety structure because this arrangement prevents cracks which may develop in inner wall 24 from traveling through the stiffener to the outer wall 22.
  • cracks developing in outer wall 22, with the structure of the present invention cannot be transmitted to the inner wall 24.
  • FIG. 5 cracks developing in any of the two walls are confined to the respective stiffener associated therewith and are not transmitted through the other stiffener section. For this reason, all connections between walls 22 and 24 are bolted or riveted.
  • the stiffener section 34 is integral with the girder 30 extending toward the inside of tank 12.
  • I-beam stress' members 40 Spaced at suitable horizontal locations and preferably near the bottom of the wall space are I-beam stress' members 40 having web sections in a vertical plane and legs 42 and 44 welded to the outer wall 22 and inner wall 24, respectively.
  • the web section of each I-beam 40 is made up of two overlapping plates 46 and 48 secured by rivets or bolts 50 for the same reason as described above for the stiffener sections 32 and 34.
  • I-beam member 40 not only prevents relative vertical and horizontal movement between the inner and outer walls 22 and 24, but it also supplies additional vertical support for inner wall 24.
  • I-beam member 40 is preferably mounted between the walls at locations Where the undulations of outer and inner walls face each other and the distance therebetween is the smallest. Similar I-beam members 52 are spaced at suitable horizontal positions between the inner and outer bottom of the tank in the same manner as I-beam member 40. As further described below, the temperature difference between tank top and bottom should preferably not exceed 25 C. so that great stresses from thermal expansion do not appear in walls 22 and 24. If this maximum temperature differential is exceeded, more stress members 40 are needed to prevent structural failure.
  • a flexible stiffening member 100 has a base plate 102 welded to the narrow space undulation 24. Welded on the base plate 102 is a disk 104 having a depression 106 therein. A cup-shaped retainer 108 is also welded to plate 102 coaxially with disk 104.
  • a connecting arm 110 having a ball seat at each end bitted within each depression 106 functions to maintain the wall distance.
  • the member 110 also has enlarged ballshaped ends which cooperate with the inner surface of retainers 108.
  • Pipe 112 is preferably coaxial with assembly 100 and welded to the wall 24 and girder 30.
  • This flexible stiffener operates to enable slight relative movement (for example, 2 or 3 millimeters) between walls 22 and 24 resulting from, for example, thermal expansion and contraction. Moreover, cracks appearing in one wall will not be transmitted to the other. Fabrication of the tank is also enhanced by this embodiment because the assembly 100 is welded as a unit to one wall, next, the other wall is positioned and the other end of the assembly is welded to the other wall.
  • the stress members 52 located between the bottoms of the double-walled tank need not necessarily be of the flexible assembly 100 because it is anticipated the bottom of the tank will be uniform in temperature distribution unlike the vertical walls 22 and 24 of the tank 12.
  • vertical girders 56 having one end welded to a horizontal girder 30 and its other end acting as a stiffener 34 within the wall space.
  • Elbow-shaped plates 58 and 60 are welded to the horizontal and vertical girders 30 and 56, respectively, to further reinforce and increase the rigidity of the entire tank structure.
  • Flared inserts 62 are welded between girder 30'and the inward facing undulations of inner wall 24 to increase the base area and spread the supporting forces more uniformly over girder 30.
  • Each tank section of tank 12 is fitted with one electrodriven submerged pump located on the tank bottom with a capacity of approximately 350 cubic meters per hour. Pumps of this type are well known in the art, and it should operate satisfactorily down to a level of millimeters above the pump section inlet.
  • An equalization gate-valve (not shown) is fitted very closely to the bottom of transverse bulkhead 28 between two tank sections so that the pump of one section can be used as standby pump for the other section.
  • the wall space is provided with one emergency pump to empty that space in the event it becomes necessary, and this pump should have a capacity of approximately 45 cubic meters per hour.
  • Each tank section is fitted with a filling line, a discharge line, a gas suction line, and an inert gas line, safety valves, vacuum valves (none of which are shown) and any other necessary connections now commonly found on tanks of this type.
  • the safety valves comprise two escape systems, one starboard and one port, and the vacuum valves serve to protect the tanks against undue underpressures. These vacuum valves are connected with a methane pressure system which is held under low overpressure.
  • liquefied methane should not be poured into a tank which is at ambient temperature, and, for safety reasons, the tank must be cooled down to at least C. before introduction of liquefied methane cargo begins.
  • the tanks Before beginning the cooling of the tanks of the type described, the tanks must be purged with an inert for safety reasons.
  • a quantity of nitrogen is generated by a nitrogen-generating plant located on shore or on the vessel, and the gas is stored under pressure in large tanks.
  • Any suitable apparatus can be used to purge the spaces and tank with inert gas.
  • pipes can be installed running through the insulation space to the bottom thereof and communicate with the wall space at the bottom through the outer gas-tight wall 22. Openings at the bottom of the portion of the pipe within the insulation space enable introduction of gas therein.
  • a separate pipe from the inert gas source communicates with the inner tank.
  • Appropriate collecting manifolds are mounted at the top of the insulation and wall spaces and deliver the inert to a blower.
  • Another arrangement provides two pipes each extending through the insulation and wall space, respectively, with openings at the bottoms thereof.
  • the air within these spaces is circulated two or three times over the dehydration units to reduce the moisture content thereof. This procedure prevents condensation from forming during later operations.
  • the inert gas-in this example nitrogenis delivered at zero degrees Centigrade from the storage tanks to the inner tank, insulation space from top to bottom and up the wall space of the cargo tank to a blower and out an exhaust until the spaces and tank are purged.
  • the nitrogen gas is at 0 C., and within two or three volume exchanges, the tank, wall space, and insulation space are uniformly cooled to about 0 C. This step takes approximately five hours for one tank having a capacity of 10,000 cubic meters.
  • the exhaust is closed, and the nitrogen recirculated to the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger is first fed from a source of liquefied gas (in this example, methane) wherein the nitrogenassumes. a lower temperature than during inerting mentioned above. Again, the nitrogen gas is circulated by a blower to the tank insulation space and between the wall space so that the inner and outer walls of the tanks 22 and 24, respectively, are cooled in a uniform manner.
  • methane exhausting from the heat exchanger although now a vapor, has a temperature much below the ambient, and this vaporized methane is fed through pipes and subsequently released directly into the tank to cool the interior thereof.
  • the rising methane gas within the tank is collected and fed to a heater where it is heated to approximately 15 C. and then supplied to a gas turbine or a fuel storage bin. If this collected methane gas is not needed for fuel, it is recirculated to a cooling unit on shore where it is again converted to liquefied gas and fed to the main source tank. T 0 speed the lowering of the tank temperature, a small amount of liquefied gas, such as methane, is also sprayed during this time directly in the tank.
  • blower and the heat exchanger capacities are preferably set in such a way that at the beginning of the cooling procedure the difference in temperature between the tank top and tank bottom does not exceed a maximum value of 25 C. for safety reasons and the aforementioned structural reasons.
  • the insulation-space and wall space and tank temperature is roughly 130 C. Once the tank temperature reaches -l30 C., it is anticipated the rate of lowering the tank temperature could be speeded up in any number of ways.
  • One method of reducing the temperature of the tank and the insulation and wall spaces even further is to feed liquid nitrogen, which has an evaporation temperature of approximately -190 C. to the heat exchanger in place of the liquefied methane.
  • the circulation of the nitrogen gas continues for approximately another 15-hour period after which the tank bottom reaches a temperature of 140 C.
  • the liquefied methane is then fed through the fill line directly into the storage tanks.
  • Another way to reduce the tank temperature from 130 C. is to change from a heat exchanger having 100 square meter surface area to another heat exchanger having a considerably greater surface area.
  • the method of the present invention enables four 10,000 cubic meter tanks to be cooled in approximately 80 hours total time from the initial dehydration step to the final filling of the tank with liquefied methane. It is important to note that the insulation space, the wall space, the inner and outer walls 22 and 24, and the inner tank are cooled at the same uniform rate due to the passing of the cooled nitrogen gas between the insulation space and the wall space of the tank.
  • the tank After the tank has been completely filled with liquefied methane, its low temperature is maintained by evaporation; during boil off, the gas is collected and can be fed as fuel to appropriate gas storage areas of the vessel. It has been found that a cargo of 10,000 tons yields about 30 to 40 tons of boil off per day, which is a sufiicient quantity to efficiently propel the vessel.
  • the pumps located in the bottom of the tanks deliver a small amount of liquefied methane to the heat exchanger as the nitrogen is circulated within the insulation and wall spaces in order to keep the circulating nitrogen at about 145 C.
  • the remaining liquefied methane is kept cool and the aforementioned 25 C. temperature differential is maintained by the circulation of nitrogen through the heat exchanger with pumped liquefied methane as the medium.
  • the liquefied methane is delivered to the top of the tank through pipes after it exhausts from the heat exchanger and is sprayed into the tank to maintain the top of the tank within the aforementioned temperature differential.
  • ballast trips are somewhat dangerous, and the aforementioned recirculation of nitrogen and methane vapors also acts as a safety device to prevent explosion and rapid evaporation.
  • any suitable medium can be used in the heat exchanger during cargo and ballast trips, and any suitable liquefied gas can be stored on board under pressure or a liquid nitrogen generator can be provided on board for this purpose.
  • the following is but one example of the present invention to be conducted on a 10,000 cubic meter tank (surface area between tank walls: 1500 n1 total surface area of nitrogen space is 6800 m
  • a nitrogen generator is used to extract nitrogen from the atmosphere and deliver the same in liquid form to large storage tanks on shore.
  • Dehydration of the insulation and the insulation space is effected by circulating three volume exchanges of air in the insulation and wall spaces of two hydration units.
  • liquid nitrogen is fed from shore to a heat exchanger on the vessel where it is vaporized, and subsequently fed to the insulation space at about 0 C.
  • the entire tank, insulation and wall spaces are purged by use of a blower (capacity: 60,000 m.
  • liquefied methane is fed to the heat exchanger from large storage tanks on shore and used as a sink for the circulating nitrogen gas.
  • the blower is advanced to circulate the nitrogen at 40 exchanges per hour.
  • the heat exchanger has an area of about m9, and the nitrogen is rapidly cooled. See FIG. 13.
  • the methane exhausting the heat exchanger is in vapor form, and it is returned to shore to collecting tanks to be reliquefied.
  • the heat exchanger and blower are set so that the temperature difference between the top and bottom of the tank is not more than 25 C. See FIG. 14.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates the respective evaporation temperatures of nitrogen and methane.
  • liquefied methane is again 7 fed directly into the tank at a rapid rate (see FIG. 16) until the desired tank temperature is reached.
  • Liquid nitrogen is fed to the heat exchanger for a period of about 15 hours until the nitrogen gas and tank cool to about 140 C. For the tank to reach this temperature in about 80 hours, approximately 82 tons of methane and 36 tons of nitrogen are vaporized. After 80 hours, the distribution of temperatures is that illustrated by FIG. 18.
  • the nitrogen gas On a ballast trip, the nitrogen gas is kept moving at a rate of 2 exchanges per hour whereby the difference between top and bottom tank temperature is not greater than 25 C.
  • 46 tons of liquefied methane per hour is delivered through the heat exchanger to maintain the nitrogen at its low temperature of 141 C., and the methane from the heat exchanger is sprayed directly back into the tank. See FIG. 12.
  • the liquefied methane from the heat exchanger Under loaded conditions, the liquefied methane from the heat exchanger is heated to 15 C. and fed to the boiler as fuel.
  • a method of cooling from ambient temperature and filling a double wall tank with a liquefied first gas comprising purging the insulation space and Wall space with an inert second gas and inerting the interior of the tank, subsequently circulating the inert second gas Within the wall and insulation space through a heat exchanger and back to said wall and insulation spaces to cool the tank walls, feeding liquefied first gas as a sink to the heat exchanger and delivering the first gas from the heat exchanger directly into the interior of the tank Where it vaporizes and further cools the tank inner walls, and after the tank reaches a predetermined temperature filling the tank withliquefied first gas.
  • the method as set first gas is methane.
  • the method as set second gas is nitrogen.
  • a method as set forth in claim 2 further comprising delivering the vapors of said first gas which are removed from the tank selectively to one of a heater and fuel storage area or to a cooling unit where the vapors are converted back to liquefied first gas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US489813A 1965-03-15 1965-09-24 Method for cooling and filling liquefied gas transport and storage tanks Expired - Lifetime US3313116A (en)

Priority Applications (25)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1501738A DE1501738C3 (de) 1965-03-15 1965-03-15 Wärmeisolierter doppelwandiger Tank zur Lagerung oder zum Transport tiefsiedender verflüssigter Gase bei etwa atmosphärischem Druck
US489813A US3313116A (en) 1965-03-15 1965-09-24 Method for cooling and filling liquefied gas transport and storage tanks
NO162042A NO120480B (xx) 1965-03-15 1966-03-10
GB11136/66A GB1135963A (en) 1965-03-15 1966-03-14 Improvements in tanks for liquefied gas transport vessels
GB4825/68A GB1135965A (en) 1965-03-15 1966-03-14 Improvements in cooling and maintaining cool double walled liquefied gas transport tanks
GB4824/68A GB1135964A (en) 1965-03-15 1966-03-14 Improvements in tanks for liquefied gas transport vessels
FR53517A FR1476002A (fr) 1965-03-15 1966-03-15 Perfectionnements apportés aux navires de transport de gaz liquéfié
ES0324200A ES324200A1 (es) 1965-03-15 1966-03-15 Perfeccionamientos en la construccion de tanques para el transporte y almacenamiento de gas licuado a presion normal.
DE19661601255 DE1601255A1 (de) 1965-03-15 1966-03-15 Transportbehaelter zur Lagerung von Fluessiggas
NL6603379A NL6603379A (xx) 1965-03-15 1966-03-15
ATA854/69A AT306636B (de) 1965-03-15 1966-03-15 Verfahren zum abkuehlen und fuellen eines doppelwandigen lager- und transportbehaelters fuer fluessiggas
DE19661506284 DE1506284A1 (de) 1965-03-15 1966-03-15 Schiffe fuer den Transport von Fluessiggasen
BE677851D BE677851A (xx) 1965-03-15 1966-03-15
DE19661601256 DE1601256A1 (de) 1965-03-15 1966-03-15 Verfahren zum Abkuehlen und Fuellen eines doppelwandigen Transportbehaelters fuer Fluessiggas
AT00857/69A AT302900B (de) 1965-03-15 1966-03-15 Behaelter fuer den transport und fuer die lagerung von fluessiggas
ATA856/69A AT309325B (de) 1965-03-15 1966-03-15 Behaelter fuer den transport und die lagerung von fluessiggas bei normaldruck
ATA855/69A AT307313B (de) 1965-03-15 1966-03-15 Transport- und lagerbehaelter fuer fluessiggas
ES0329201A ES329201A1 (es) 1965-03-15 1966-07-16 Procedimiento para enfriar y llenar un deposito para el transporte de gas licuado.
ES0329205A ES329205A1 (es) 1965-03-15 1966-07-16 Sistema para la fijacion y sustentacion de tanques de almacenamiento de embarcaciones.
ES0329203A ES329203A1 (es) 1965-03-15 1966-07-16 Perfeccionamientos en la construccion de tanques para el transporte y almacenamiento de gas licuado.
ES0329202A ES329202A1 (es) 1965-03-15 1966-07-16 Perfeccionamientos en la construccion de tanques para el transporte y almacenamiento de gas licuado.
ES0329204A ES329204A1 (es) 1965-03-15 1966-07-16 Perfeccionamientos en la construccion de tanques para el transporte y almacenamiento de gas licuado.
NO185468A NO125112B (xx) 1965-03-15 1968-05-11
NO185368A NO119485B (xx) 1965-03-15 1968-05-11
US732009A US3670517A (en) 1965-03-15 1968-05-15 Apparatus for cooling and filling liquefied gas transport and storage tanks and improvements in said tanks

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEN0026382 1965-03-15
US44008165A 1965-03-16 1965-03-16
US489813A US3313116A (en) 1965-03-15 1965-09-24 Method for cooling and filling liquefied gas transport and storage tanks

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US732009A Expired - Lifetime US3670517A (en) 1965-03-15 1968-05-15 Apparatus for cooling and filling liquefied gas transport and storage tanks and improvements in said tanks

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US (2) US3313116A (xx)
AT (4) AT302900B (xx)
BE (1) BE677851A (xx)
DE (4) DE1501738C3 (xx)
ES (6) ES324200A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR1476002A (xx)
GB (3) GB1135964A (xx)
NL (1) NL6603379A (xx)
NO (1) NO120480B (xx)

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US3503221A (en) * 1968-06-17 1970-03-31 Frank C Martin Dehydration,cleaning and sterilization method and apparatus
US3721362A (en) * 1970-09-09 1973-03-20 Mc Mullen J Ass Inc Double wall corrugated lng tank
US3768271A (en) * 1971-01-19 1973-10-30 L Denis Method and plant for storing and transporting a liquefied combustible gas
US3863460A (en) * 1971-05-05 1975-02-04 Liquid Gas Anlagen Union Device for the storage and transport of liquified gases, liquids and the like, in particular on ships
JPS50132678A (xx) * 1974-04-05 1975-10-21
JPS5032458B1 (xx) * 1970-10-31 1975-10-21
US20100160309A1 (en) * 2007-03-13 2010-06-24 Tony Siu Inhibitors of janus kinases and/or 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1
EP2716538A4 (en) * 2011-05-25 2015-12-09 Samsung Heavy Ind STORAGE CONTAINER FOR LIQUID MATERIALS AND SHIP THEREFOR
US9365266B2 (en) 2007-04-26 2016-06-14 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Independent corrugated LNG tank

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GB1346771A (en) * 1970-05-20 1974-02-13 Hamilton W Low temperature cargo containers for ships
GB1400010A (en) * 1971-11-17 1975-07-16 Conch Int Methane Ltd Method and apparatus for cryogenic warm-up
US3984994A (en) * 1972-12-05 1976-10-12 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Process and device for filling multilayer pressure containers
GB1583029A (en) * 1976-09-08 1981-01-21 Martacto Naviera Sa Tanks for the storage and transport of fluid media under pressure
US7087804B2 (en) * 2003-06-19 2006-08-08 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Use of waste nitrogen from air separation units for blanketing cargo and ballast tanks
US20080307798A1 (en) * 2007-06-12 2008-12-18 Yang Luo Cryogenic liquid tank and method
FR2949532B1 (fr) * 2009-09-03 2011-09-23 Air Liquide Calorifugation des canalisations d'une installation de travail par jets de fluide cryogenique
DE102011083986A1 (de) * 2011-10-04 2013-04-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schiff mit einem Antrieb mit Abwärmerückgewinnung
EP3411623B1 (en) * 2016-02-02 2019-11-20 IC Technology AS Improved liquid natural gas storage tank design
NO20171280A1 (en) * 2017-08-01 2018-10-29 Ic Tech As Cryogenic fluid storage tank

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US2944405A (en) * 1955-10-27 1960-07-12 Union Tank Car Co Conservation arrangement
US3110156A (en) * 1960-07-15 1963-11-12 Minikay A G Insulation of containers for the storage of liquids which boil at atmospheric or slightly superatmospheric pressure
GB888247A (en) * 1960-11-11 1962-01-31 Conch Int Methane Ltd Device for the storage of liquids at very low temperatures

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3503221A (en) * 1968-06-17 1970-03-31 Frank C Martin Dehydration,cleaning and sterilization method and apparatus
US3721362A (en) * 1970-09-09 1973-03-20 Mc Mullen J Ass Inc Double wall corrugated lng tank
JPS5032458B1 (xx) * 1970-10-31 1975-10-21
US3768271A (en) * 1971-01-19 1973-10-30 L Denis Method and plant for storing and transporting a liquefied combustible gas
US3863460A (en) * 1971-05-05 1975-02-04 Liquid Gas Anlagen Union Device for the storage and transport of liquified gases, liquids and the like, in particular on ships
JPS50132678A (xx) * 1974-04-05 1975-10-21
US20100160309A1 (en) * 2007-03-13 2010-06-24 Tony Siu Inhibitors of janus kinases and/or 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1
US9365266B2 (en) 2007-04-26 2016-06-14 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Independent corrugated LNG tank
EP2716538A4 (en) * 2011-05-25 2015-12-09 Samsung Heavy Ind STORAGE CONTAINER FOR LIQUID MATERIALS AND SHIP THEREFOR

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1501738A1 (de) 1969-11-27
DE1601255A1 (de) 1971-11-25
ES329205A1 (es) 1967-09-01
DE1601256A1 (de) 1971-11-11
ES329204A1 (es) 1967-08-16
DE1506284A1 (de) 1969-10-30
NO120480B (xx) 1970-10-26
AT306636B (de) 1973-02-15
ES329202A1 (es) 1967-05-01
DE1501738B2 (de) 1973-10-25
GB1135965A (en) 1968-12-11
GB1135964A (en) 1968-12-11
ES329201A1 (es) 1967-09-01
DE1501738C3 (de) 1974-05-22
FR1476002A (fr) 1967-04-07
ES329203A1 (es) 1967-08-16
AT309325B (de) 1973-06-15
AT307313B (de) 1973-03-15
GB1135963A (en) 1968-12-11
AT302900B (de) 1972-09-15
NL6603379A (xx) 1966-09-16
US3670517A (en) 1972-06-20
ES324200A1 (es) 1967-02-01
BE677851A (xx) 1966-09-15

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