US2967483A - Shell fuze - Google Patents

Shell fuze Download PDF

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Publication number
US2967483A
US2967483A US623094A US62309456A US2967483A US 2967483 A US2967483 A US 2967483A US 623094 A US623094 A US 623094A US 62309456 A US62309456 A US 62309456A US 2967483 A US2967483 A US 2967483A
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United States
Prior art keywords
safety
fuze
lever
latch
centrifugal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US623094A
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English (en)
Inventor
Junghans Helmut
Kaiser Paul
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of US2967483A publication Critical patent/US2967483A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/34—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by a blocking-member in the pyrotechnic or explosive train between primer and main charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/18—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved
    • F42C15/188—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved using a rotatable carrier
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/20—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a securing-pin or latch is removed to arm the fuze, e.g. removed from the firing-pin
    • F42C15/22—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a securing-pin or latch is removed to arm the fuze, e.g. removed from the firing-pin using centrifugal force
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/02—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/02—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means
    • F42C9/04—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means by spring motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/02—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means
    • F42C9/04—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means by spring motor
    • F42C9/041—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means by spring motor the clockwork activating a security device, e.g. for unlocking the firing-pin
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/02—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means
    • F42C9/04—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means by spring motor
    • F42C9/048—Unlocking of clockwork mechanisms, e.g. by inertia or centrifugal forces; Means for disconnecting the clockwork mechanism from the setting mechanism
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/14—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes
    • F42C9/141—Impact fuze in combination with a clockwork time fuze
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/14—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes
    • F42C9/16—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes for self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/18—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes for self-destruction of ammunition when the spin rate falls below a predetermined limit, e.g. a spring force being stronger than the locking action of a centrifugally-operated lock

Definitions

  • JNVENTORS HELMUT JUNGHANSX PAUL KAISER BY I ⁇ vmsou, coLE, GRWDLE zuvATsoN United States Patent "ice when; ELLF ZH s m t u h nstck o r hr ls a; d
  • the present invention relates to an improvement of the shell fuze and'has for its object to improve itstim: ingsafety system inthat it indicates means by which the control of the timing safety element no longer takes place. gradually .but precipitately.
  • the advantageof this measurei is that the timing safety device remains fully operative until the expiration of the predetermined safety period and is not, as hitherto, gradually withdrawn because. the effective control surfaces between the coope r ating elements gradually become smaller.
  • the improved arrangement according to the invention is characterized by the following featu'resz'Fo'r controlling the percussionpin safety locking device which re mains unchanged, an intermediate "lever constructed as a centrifugal lever is now provided which in turn when.
  • arrest and duringthe predetermined safety period is locked by an element operatively coupled for. movement.
  • a centrifugalweight is. prefera: bly arranged onsth e outer extremity o-fthe toothed rack for; the purpose of assisting the ruhningdown'movement.
  • the invention also includes" suitable safety means. for. the primer which incorporate'it the timing saf ety system of the percussion pin.
  • Fig.1 is fa longitudinal scction taken on line Il H which are. not necessary hfo rfthe' understanding of the att st after the removal of the mechanism plates locatedabove of Fig 2 in the, direction of the .arrows fshowing' .thej functional parts of the timing ,safe'tydevicle, inlpojsitionj
  • Fig. 2 is a top plan view partly in sectiQnpf-Eig l- Patented Jan. 19, 196i the control elements of, the timing safety device;
  • Figs. 3 and 4 are similar views to those shown in Figs. 1 and" 2 with the timing elements of the safety device in the p'osition they assume at the end of the safety period;
  • Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section through the fuze with thefu'ze head and other structural elements removed, and shows the arrangement of a safety device for the detonator;
  • Fig. 6 shows, also in longitudinal section, a modified form of construction of the safety device for the detonator," the device being in safety position, and
  • Fig 7 shows the arrangement according to Fig. 6, viewed from above, the parts also being in safety position.
  • the 'fuze clockwork mechanism is built up in the usual manner of separate mechanism plates between which the movable parts are mounted in suitable recesses.
  • the percussion pin 13 Arranged in the mean axis of the fine is the percussion pin 13, the'pointed end 13a of which has to pierce the primer'14 for 'the purpose of striking the detonator 15.
  • the percussion pin 13 extends throughthe entire fuze clockwork mechanism 12 and the lower end of its cylindr ical stem serves as arbor for the movement regulator 19.
  • This regulator has pallets 1911 which engage the teethof'the regulator wheel 20 and the pinion 21 coordinated to the wheel 20 meshes with the train wheel 22 which in turn is mounted for free rotation on the stem of the percussion pin 13 by means of its pinion23 drilled in longitudinal direction.
  • the extension of the gear train from 'tlie pinion 23 to the centrifugal weight driven by the clockwork mechanism is- -not shown on the drawing because it is superfluous for understanding that which is'hereinafter described.
  • the percussion pin 13 For locking the percussionpin 13 for a predetermined period'of. time (so-called block safety device), the percussion pin 13 is provided withacollar 13b under whichthe percussion .pin safety latch 39 engages by means of.
  • the latch 39 is mounted 'to swing onthe pin 28.
  • the outwardly.directed end 390. of the latch is visible in a peripheral aperture..42a in .themechanism plate .42 for the purpose of control;
  • the mechanism plates to a control pin38 :which is fitted on the upper side of a two-armed lever 100.
  • the lever is .mounted onv thelmechanism platel32 to pivot about apin 38 and has two arms 100a, and 10%.
  • the arm 1110;: on which thelpin 38-is arranged is heavier than the; arm 109b v andlocated in such a manner in relation 3 8a t the "termination of the time lock.
  • the point of the arm 10Gb bears laterally against an abutment surface 102;: of a' centrifugal weight 102- which is fixed on a toothed rack'104 by means of rivets 103.
  • The'rack 104 meshes with the teeth of the pinion 23 and is guided by suitable slide tracks32a and 35a worked in the mechanism. plates 32 and .35.
  • the abutment or supporting surface 102a is, of a. length corresponding to the predetermined. time .safetyhpath and the lever. point 10% can drop off. the. end, of this-surface alt-102a causing the levertltlll towturn. As already. mentioned, this. turning movementtakes place in .counterclockwise direction under the action of the torque acting on the lever 100 itself (its arm 100a being heavier than the arm 10%) and in addition under the action of centrifugal torque acting on the latch 39 in the same direction.
  • the slide paths 32a and 35a for the rack 102, 104 are open towards the periphery of the fuze clockwork mechanism so that the person checking the setting can see at a glance on the completely assembled fuze clockwork mechanism whether in the fitting operation, the rack has been brought into its initial position as instructed and whether the latch is also in its safety position.
  • the course of movements is hereinafter described.
  • the mechanism plates 105, 106, 107 are mounted in a recess 11a in the underside of the fuze screw 11 and secured in position by means of a screw nut 109 screwed into the bore thread 11b and holding the detonator housing 108.
  • the detonator safety slide valve 110 is located between the mechanism plates 106 and 107. Its object is to block the vents 106a, 107a located partly in the plate 106 and partly in the plate 107, as long as the shell is being accelerated.
  • the acceleration reaction pressure is so great that the frictional forces caused thereby between the slide valve 110 and the plate 107 hold the slide valve firmly in its inward position, whereas on the acceleration ceasing the centrifugal force acting on the slide valve 110 brings it into its release position.
  • the primer 14 is fixed in a holder 106b in the mechanism plate 106; it lies exposed in the recess 110 in the fuze screw and gas passages 11d extend upwardly from this recess to the chamber accommodating the fuze clockwork mechanism 12.
  • a thin metal or plastic disc 111 covers the passages 11d.
  • This arrangement increases the safety of the fuze because, even if the percussion pin 13 should pierce the primer 14 during the acceleration phase of the fuzeparticularly while in the barrel of the gun--owing to a breakdown in the gear or an error in assembly, the force of the ignition jet from the primer can act in upward direction through the passages 11d, and the safety slide valve 110 cannot be overstressed to such an extent that would cause the detonator to be struck.
  • the supporting surface 102a provided on the centrifugal weight 102 prevents at first the intermediate lever 100 from moving, so that this lever, through the intermediary of a pin 38, prevents the safety latch 39, the arm of which bears against the rear side of the pin 38, from carrying outv any movement whatsoever, so that the percussion pin 13 remains-locked in safety position. Only when, ac-
  • the detonator safety slide valve 110 is time-controlled, i.e. remains in its safety position merely under the action of the reaction pressure and friction during the acceleration phase of the shell and moves out of this position as soon as the shell has left the barrel, the development of the detonator safety device hereinafter described ensures safety up to about 50 to 200 metres from the barrel.
  • the safety slide valve 210 between the primer and the detonator (not shown) and fitted at 15 is constructed as a rotary slide valve and provided with a shaped hole 210a with the aid of which it is slipped on to the pin 211a of the latch arbor 211.
  • the latch arbor is mounted in the mechanism plates 212 and 213 of the fuze clockwork mechanism and has on its upper end a collar 211b which is cut away on one side to form the locking surface 211a.
  • a shoulder 1000 is additionally provided on the back of the centrifugal lever 100 in such a manner that it prevents the latch arbor from turning in counterclockwise direction (Fig.7) under the action of the centrifugal force acting on the arm 21% of the rotary slide valve 210 during the rotation of the shell, as long as the point 10012 of the centrifugal lever 100 is under the influence of the centrifugal weight 102.
  • Shell fuze with direct time-controlled impact and clockwork-controlled self-destruction device comprising a percussion pin safety latch, a percussion pin having a gear thereon, a centrifugal two-armed lever having an abutment connected to indirectly contact said latch to control the release of said latch, a toothed rack element contacting one arm of said lever in safety position and during a predetermined safety period and in operative connection with a fuze movement, said element supporting the centrifugal lever during the safety period and meshing with the pinion of the gear mounted on the percussion pin and having a supporting surface of a length corresponding to the predetermined safety period at the end of which surface the centrifugal lever is released by being out of contact with the rack element.
  • Shell fuze according to claim 1 in which the body of the fuze has an aperture therein to determine the position of the element supporting the centrifugal lever.
  • Shell fuze according to claim 1 in which a fuze base is provided with a firing hole for the percussion pin and which has a primer and a detonator therein in axial alignment with the pin, and in which a safety slide valve is provided arranged between plates within the base so that in the safety position of the valve the latter covers the'firing hole.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)
US623094A 1955-01-31 1956-11-19 Shell fuze Expired - Lifetime US2967483A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT339094X 1955-01-31
IT1967483X 1955-11-18
IT830889X 1957-10-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2967483A true US2967483A (en) 1961-01-10

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ID=32397687

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US623094A Expired - Lifetime US2967483A (en) 1955-01-31 1956-11-19 Shell fuze

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US2967483A (de)
CH (2) CH339094A (de)
DE (3) DE1045285B (de)
FR (3) FR1144769A (de)
GB (3) GB788628A (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3358604A (en) * 1965-01-08 1967-12-19 Industrial Holding Ets Non-gyrating projectile fuse
US11512938B1 (en) 2021-06-03 2022-11-29 Aura Technologies, Llc Centrifugal fuze assembly

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL96125C (de) * 1958-07-25
FR2634013B1 (fr) * 1988-07-08 1993-09-24 France Etat Armement Dispositif de securite et d'armement pour un sous-projectile dispose a l'interieur d'un conteneur et libere par ce dernier sur trajectoire

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1523073A (en) * 1924-03-13 1925-01-13 Anonima Arturo Junghans Soc Mechanical time fuse
US1665666A (en) * 1926-05-21 1928-04-10 Junghans Siegfried Percussion fuse
US1726325A (en) * 1927-07-19 1929-08-27 Varaud Andre Percussion fuse for projectiles
USRE19755E (en) * 1931-03-07 1935-11-12 Fuse for aeroplane defense
US2097836A (en) * 1935-07-27 1937-11-02 Junghans Helmut Mechanical time fuse having a centrifugal drive
US2448228A (en) * 1945-05-24 1948-08-31 Borg George W Corp Delay booster arming mechanism
US2528823A (en) * 1944-07-03 1950-11-07 Fink Jean Mechanical time fuse
US2531121A (en) * 1944-10-05 1950-11-21 Borg George W Corp Mechanical time fuse
US2593775A (en) * 1944-08-14 1952-04-22 Gen Time Corp Fuse
US2718850A (en) * 1951-04-13 1955-09-27 Mefina Sa Clockwork movement for a projectile

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE219871C (de) *
AT117941B (de) * 1927-07-19 1930-06-10 Schwob Freres & Cie Sa Aufschlagzünder für Artilleriegeschosse.
GB396171A (en) * 1932-04-11 1933-08-03 Helmut Junghans Fuse for anti-aircraft shells
CH162494A (fr) * 1932-08-01 1933-06-30 Schwob Freres & Cie Sa Fusée percutante.
BE411112A (de) * 1934-09-05
BE428837A (de) * 1937-06-30
CH199819A (fr) * 1937-09-25 1938-09-15 Financieres & Ind S A Efisa Et Fusée à percuteur pour projectiles d'armes à canons rayés.
DE705507C (de) * 1939-03-30 1941-04-30 Berko Werke Quast & Eichert Aufschlagzuender fuer Wurfminen
US2664822A (en) * 1950-01-03 1954-01-05 Frank B Hale Fuze

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1523073A (en) * 1924-03-13 1925-01-13 Anonima Arturo Junghans Soc Mechanical time fuse
US1665666A (en) * 1926-05-21 1928-04-10 Junghans Siegfried Percussion fuse
US1726325A (en) * 1927-07-19 1929-08-27 Varaud Andre Percussion fuse for projectiles
USRE19755E (en) * 1931-03-07 1935-11-12 Fuse for aeroplane defense
US2097836A (en) * 1935-07-27 1937-11-02 Junghans Helmut Mechanical time fuse having a centrifugal drive
US2528823A (en) * 1944-07-03 1950-11-07 Fink Jean Mechanical time fuse
US2593775A (en) * 1944-08-14 1952-04-22 Gen Time Corp Fuse
US2531121A (en) * 1944-10-05 1950-11-21 Borg George W Corp Mechanical time fuse
US2448228A (en) * 1945-05-24 1948-08-31 Borg George W Corp Delay booster arming mechanism
US2718850A (en) * 1951-04-13 1955-09-27 Mefina Sa Clockwork movement for a projectile

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3358604A (en) * 1965-01-08 1967-12-19 Industrial Holding Ets Non-gyrating projectile fuse
US11512938B1 (en) 2021-06-03 2022-11-29 Aura Technologies, Llc Centrifugal fuze assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1144769A (fr) 1957-10-17
GB811397A (en) 1959-04-02
FR71371E (fr) 1959-12-22
DE1045285B (de) 1958-11-27
CH339094A (de) 1959-06-15
FR74493E (fr) 1960-12-19
CH343852A (de) 1959-12-31
GB788628A (en) 1958-01-02
GB830889A (en) 1960-03-23
DE1102611B (de) 1961-03-16
DE1093270B (de) 1960-11-17

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