US2907674A - Process for developing electrostatic image with liquid developer - Google Patents

Process for developing electrostatic image with liquid developer Download PDF

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Publication number
US2907674A
US2907674A US629363A US62936356A US2907674A US 2907674 A US2907674 A US 2907674A US 629363 A US629363 A US 629363A US 62936356 A US62936356 A US 62936356A US 2907674 A US2907674 A US 2907674A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
liquid
image
electrostatic image
paper
pigment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US629363A
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English (en)
Inventor
Metcalfe Kenneth Archibald
Wright Robert John
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Commonwealth of Australia
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Commonwealth of Australia
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU14802/55A external-priority patent/AU212315B2/en
Application filed by Commonwealth of Australia filed Critical Commonwealth of Australia
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Publication of US2907674A publication Critical patent/US2907674A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
    • G03G9/125—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by the liquid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
    • G03G9/13—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by polymer components
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
    • G03G9/13—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by polymer components
    • G03G9/131—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by polymer components obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
    • G03G9/13—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by polymer components
    • G03G9/132—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by polymer components obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/37—Printing employing electrostatic force
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
    • Y10S430/167—X-ray
    • Y10S430/168—X-ray exposure process
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in and relating to electro-photography and electro-radiography, also referred to as xerography and xeroradiography, and in particular it relates to certain improvements whereby the image can be produced and developed in a simpler and more effective manner and with a higher degree of definition and permanence.
  • a plate or paper having a layer of photo-conductive material such as amorphous selenium, which in the dark will accept and hold an electrostatic charge, this plate being then exposed in any manner to vary the charge thereon according to the pattern of exposure to light or other influence and the plate is subsequently developed by applying.
  • a powder having a charge so that when the powder is applied to the plate it will be accepted by the plate in conformity with the charge on the various sections of the plate, this then producing an image in the powder.
  • Another difliculty is to fix the powder on the plate in a permanent manner because obviously in industrial application of electro-photography it is essential that a permanent image will result, this permanence being at the present time usually obtained by including a resin which, after the dust has been deposited on the plate, can be fixed by subjecting the resin to heat.
  • the objects of the present invention are to improve the image and to produce it in a better manner, this having been achieved by what may be termed a wet development of the image, the invention being directed to the production of an electrostatic image on a suitable surface which is then developed on that surface, or transferred to another surface, and developed by wetting the surface with a carrier liquid having an electrical resistance suificiently high to prevent destruction of the electrostatic image and carrying dispersed in it a pigment which has a charge of the correct polarity, or has added p 2,907,674 1C6 Patented Oct. 6, 1959 to it a control agent to modify the charge, to act in conjunction with the electrostatic image on the surface to develop the image.
  • a fixing agent may also be dispersed in the said carrier liquid to render the pigment fast when the carrier liquid is evaporated or removed, and the fixing agent may, by suitable selection, also be the control agent.
  • the suspending liquid is preferably a highly volatile one,-
  • the high resistance insulating liquid also allows the particles carried by it to have and retain the necessary electrical characteristic, which characteristic can however be a control agent to the suspended matter.
  • Pentarol 20 a phenol modified penta-erythritol ester of rosin
  • Fusis A a high boiling point, high aromatic solvent
  • Monolite Yellow and Monolite Red both fast organic pigments of the colour mentioned.
  • a base material such as paper or other suitable surface is coated with zinc oxide and an alkyd resin suspended in a drier and thinner so that after application of the solution the paper can be dried.
  • the proportions of a typical coating mix: ture' would comprise: Zinc oxide, made by the indirect process, predominantly non-fluorescent, with an index of refraction of 2.0 such as the paint pigment known as Durham.
  • the fiat metal plate being connected to the positive electrode.
  • the paper is subjected to the corona discharge for a period of 10 seconds when the point is held 2 inches above the paper.
  • a wire or group of wires, or a sharp knife edge of say steel in which case the distance may be reduced between the wire or knife and the paper and the voltage reduced to give similar electrical field strength in terms of volts per cm., or alternatively a charge may be applied by positioning the paper between condenser plates or the like and this paper is then exposed by subjecting it to the action of light in a camera or the like or by impressing on it or in any way which will cause an image to be produced on the electrostatically charged surface of the paper which can subsequently be developed.
  • the electrostatic charging may in some cases be effected after exposure of the paper to the image-producing means.
  • the developer liquid consisting of a liquid insulating medium which carries the pigmented particles and as an example of this the liquid may be a cyclohexane which has a very high resistance and a low dielectric constant, in which liquid is dispersed carbon black or any other suitable pigment and a control agent to modify or give to the pigment the required electrical charge.
  • the pigment is to have a positive charge an alkyd resin control agent and fixer may be included in the liquid, whereas if a negative charge is required linseed oil may be used as the control agent and fixer.
  • the ingredients are milled together for eight hours in a ball mill.
  • the paste or mixture is dispersed in a liquid to form a dispersion of high volume resistivity.
  • An example of the method of dispersion is as follows: stir a small portion of the past into in? I liq such as n-pentane or carbon tetrachloride, and strain to remove portions of paste that have not completely dispersed.
  • I liq such as n-pentane or carbon tetrachloride
  • strain to remove portions of paste that have not completely dispersed For fine grained developers filter before use through filter paper and use filtrate as a developer.
  • the concentration of the dispersion may be varied at will, a typical concentration of a preferred dispersion being a suspension of 0.5 gram developer paste in mils of liquid.
  • wet developers of this type and of the aforementioned concentrations re-. sults in complete development in about 15 seconds ,when applied by immersion of the paper or plate in the developer in a metal or glass or enameled metal dish.
  • the developing time is reduced to less than 1 second, preferably better specified in feet per second such as 200 linear feet per second. It is emphasised that with the developer concentrations stated previously the development time is about 15 seconds in dish development but if the concentrations are very low then longer development such as 30 seconds may be necessary to bring up the full colour saturation required.
  • a conducting surface such as a metal plateor an applicator roller or the like
  • the movement of the pigment particles to the image is accelerated, and such a surface may itself serve also to pick up and convey away these pigment particles which are rejected by the electrostatic image, this ensuring a cleaner image.
  • FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically how development with a liquid developer takes place, the floor of the tray being designated 1, the paper carrying the surface charge 2, the liquid 3 and a roller 4.
  • Paste A negatively charged: Grams Boiled linseed oil 75 Cadmium selenide (red) 75 Driers, lead napthenate 0.5
  • coloured developers may be made, reference may be made to the previously given composition for a positively charged developer containing phthalocyanine blue:
  • phthalocyanine blue there may be substituted a number of other coloured pigments suchas Monolite red and Monolite yellow or certain well known inorganic pigments such as cadium red or chrome yellow.
  • these coloured developers are readily mixed to give mixed colours such as purple, orange, brown or the like, or by the addition of carbon black to give shades and by the addition of white pigments such as zinc oxide or the like, to give tints, and by the addition of black or white pigments to give shade-tints.
  • the surface to be subjected to the X-rays is painted with a heavy metal oxide such as lead oxide which is capable of absorbing greater quantities of radiations, the surface or Grams Rhodene L9/50 resin Zinc oxide Yellow litharge (massicot, PbO) 20 Cobalt naphthenate 0.5 Manganese naphthenate 0.5 Toluene 100 These materials are milled together in a ball mill for eight hours.
  • the material may be applied to a paper or metal or other surface by brushing, spraying, dipping, electro-coating or other technique.
  • Another material used to paint such surfaces is as.
  • the metal oxides or other materials for X-ray purposes is to use the one containing an element which has an absorption edgev in the band of wave lengths which it is particularly desired to use for X-raying purposes.
  • the active substance lead oxide contains lead which has an absorption edge appropriate to the X-ray kilovoltage 70 kvp.
  • the pigment must be suspended in a suificient body of carrier liquid, of an electrical resistance so high as to prevent destruction of the electrostatic image charge, to allow the pigment particles to move freely in the liquid so that the phenomena of particle charge can serve as the deposition control, the particles moving freely in the liquid but having a surface charge according to their nature, or as modified by the modifying agents referred to, so that these particles themselves are selectively drawn to the image areas where pigment is. required but are repelled at those areas Where pigmentshould not settle, the invention therefore differing from the prior art in that particles which carry their own inherent charge, whether modified or not, can move freely in an insulating liquid, which liquid itself is incontact with the image in a mass sufficient to allow the free movement of the particles for the selective action.
  • a process for developing an electrostatic image on a base material comprising mixing a pigment with alkyd resin, dispersing the resulting mixture in a liquid to form a dispersion of high volume resistivity, the alkyd resin establishing an electrical surface charge adapted for enabling the mixture to be deposited selectively on said electrostatic image, and applying the dispersion to a surface carrying a negatively charged electrostatic image for thereby forming a visible image on said surface.
  • a process as claimed in claim 1, is a cyclohexane.
  • a process as claimed in claim 1, comprising fixing the visible image on said surface by means of a fixing agent.
  • a process for developing an electrostaticimage on a base material comprising mixing a pigment with linseed oil, dispersing the resulting mixture in a liquid to form a dispersion of high volume resistivity, the linseed oil establishing an electrical surface charge adapted for enabling the mixture to be deposited selectively on said herein the liquid electrostatic image, and applying thedispersion to a surface carrying a positively charged electrostatic image for thereby forming, a visible image on said surface.
  • a process as claimed in claim 11, wherein the liquid is a cyclohexane. i 4 14. A process as claimed in claim. 11, wherein the liquid is carbon tetrachloride.
  • a process as claimed in claim 11, comprising ernploying said linseed oil for fixing the visible image on said surface.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
US629363A 1955-12-29 1956-12-19 Process for developing electrostatic image with liquid developer Expired - Lifetime US2907674A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU14802/55A AU212315B2 (en) 1955-12-29 Improvements in and relating to electro-photography and electro-radiography

Publications (1)

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US2907674A true US2907674A (en) 1959-10-06

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Country Status (7)

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US (1) US2907674A (fr)
BE (1) BE553789A (fr)
CH (1) CH360699A (fr)
DE (1) DE1047616B (fr)
FR (1) FR1186176A (fr)
GB (1) GB835044A (fr)
NL (2) NL213305A (fr)

Cited By (82)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3008825A (en) * 1957-11-20 1961-11-14 Xerox Corp Xerographic light-sensitive member and process therefor
US3032432A (en) * 1957-08-05 1962-05-01 Commw Of Australia Controlled tone development for electrophotography
US3038799A (en) * 1958-01-13 1962-06-12 Commw Of Australia Method of reversing the image in xerography
US3043685A (en) * 1957-07-18 1962-07-10 Xerox Corp Xerographic and magnetic image recording and reproducing
US3057720A (en) * 1959-05-04 1962-10-09 Xerox Corp Xerographic color reproduction
US3060019A (en) * 1958-07-22 1962-10-23 Rca Corp Color electrophotography
US3060021A (en) * 1958-03-20 1962-10-23 Rca Corp Method for electrophotographically producing a multicolor picture
US3064622A (en) * 1960-06-20 1962-11-20 Xerox Corp Immersion development
US3076722A (en) * 1959-04-29 1963-02-05 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US3078231A (en) * 1959-05-13 1963-02-19 Commw Of Australia Controlled developer for use in electro-photography and electro-radiography
US3084043A (en) * 1959-05-07 1963-04-02 Xerox Corp Liquid development of electrostatic latent images
US3102026A (en) * 1957-12-24 1963-08-27 Metcalfe Kenneth Archibald Electrophotographic reflex and contact printing
US3104169A (en) * 1956-06-27 1963-09-17 Commw Of Australia Production of printing blocks, resists, transparencies, prints and the like by electro-deposition
US3105821A (en) * 1960-02-04 1963-10-01 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US3108893A (en) * 1958-11-07 1963-10-29 Australia Res Lab Applying printed patterns electrostatically
US3123564A (en) * 1960-03-17 1964-03-03 Apparatus and method for production
US3130079A (en) * 1960-06-30 1964-04-21 Azoplate Corp Apparatus for developing an electrostatic latent image
US3135695A (en) * 1961-02-20 1964-06-02 Eastman Kodak Co Liquid developers for electrostatic photography
US3140175A (en) * 1957-07-03 1964-07-07 Edward K Kaprelian Color electrophotography
US3155531A (en) * 1958-09-23 1964-11-03 Harris Intertype Corp Meagnetic liquid developer and method for electrostatic images
US3157117A (en) * 1957-10-31 1964-11-17 Dick Co Ab Lithographic plates and method for manufacture
US3188208A (en) * 1959-05-04 1965-06-08 Xerox Corp Spectral contrast control in xerography
US3192043A (en) * 1960-10-07 1965-06-29 Commw Of Australia Method for developing and fixing electrostatic images in initially partially cured base elements
US3198649A (en) * 1959-05-13 1965-08-03 Commw Of Australia Controlled and fixing liquid developer for electro-photography and electroradiography
US3207601A (en) * 1960-09-02 1965-09-21 Rca Corp Methods of preparing etch resists using an electrostatic image developer composition including a resin hardener
US3207050A (en) * 1961-07-25 1965-09-21 Zindler Lumoprint Kg Apparatus for the production of copies
US3212888A (en) * 1961-06-12 1965-10-19 Xerox Corp Method for developing latent electrostatic charge halftone images
US3212916A (en) * 1957-09-25 1965-10-19 Commw Of Australia Method of developing electrostatic image with foam liquid developer
US3227549A (en) * 1965-02-24 1966-01-04 Xerox Corp Multiple image forming xerographic reproduction process
US3236776A (en) * 1959-08-17 1966-02-22 Azoplate Corp Developer composition for electrostatic images and method of utilizing same
US3241957A (en) * 1961-06-08 1966-03-22 Harris Intertype Corp Method of developing electrostatic images and liquid developer
US3244633A (en) * 1961-10-24 1966-04-05 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Liquid developers for developing electrostatic images
US3248216A (en) * 1961-03-28 1966-04-26 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Process and apparatus for half-tone electrophotography
US3249430A (en) * 1960-08-08 1966-05-03 Commw Of Australia Process for producing images in electrophotography and radiography
US3251687A (en) * 1961-07-10 1966-05-17 Itek Corp Electrostatic printing process
US3253913A (en) * 1960-10-13 1966-05-31 Eastman Kodak Co Process for color electrophotography
US3254997A (en) * 1962-01-03 1966-06-07 Ibm Electrophotographic processes for making photographic transparencies
US3256197A (en) * 1958-09-23 1966-06-14 Harris Intertype Corp Liquid developer for electrostatic charge images
US3257322A (en) * 1962-08-08 1966-06-21 Australia Res Lab Toner for electroradiography
US3270637A (en) * 1963-10-03 1966-09-06 Xerox Corp Electroviscous recording
US3275556A (en) * 1962-10-25 1966-09-27 Australia Res Lab Developer composition for electro-photographic images
US3276896A (en) * 1959-04-13 1966-10-04 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US3281241A (en) * 1962-07-02 1966-10-25 Xerox Corp Method of forming a visual record of a latent image on an image receiving web
US3291738A (en) * 1960-09-02 1966-12-13 Rca Corp Materials for preparing etch resists
US3293183A (en) * 1961-08-14 1966-12-20 Australia Res Lab Developer for electrostatic images
US3300410A (en) * 1961-03-13 1967-01-24 Australia Res Lab Conductive liquid developer for xerographic images
US3305359A (en) * 1962-10-04 1967-02-21 Photoelectric Ltd Manufacture of printing plates
US3313623A (en) * 1961-09-05 1967-04-11 Xerox Corp Line sequential color xerography
US3319546A (en) * 1962-05-18 1967-05-16 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing apparatus
US3325409A (en) * 1962-08-28 1967-06-13 Australia Res Lab Toner for electrophotography
US3334047A (en) * 1962-05-16 1967-08-01 Australia Res Lab Liquid dispersible toner for electrophotography
US3337340A (en) * 1961-12-28 1967-08-22 Australia Res Lab Method for the reproduction of color
US3363099A (en) * 1959-01-15 1968-01-09 Azoplate Corp Method for producing a latent electrostatic image on an electrostatically charged resin layer by exposure to radiant heat
US3373020A (en) * 1962-12-18 1968-03-12 Azoplate Corp Electrophotographic material and process employing metal resinates
US3376133A (en) * 1964-11-25 1968-04-02 Interchem Corp Multicolor electrostatic printing
US3383316A (en) * 1963-10-28 1968-05-14 Australia Res Lab Liquid electrophotographic developer containing isocyanate compounds
US3391014A (en) * 1964-04-27 1968-07-02 Harris Intertype Corp Liquid development of electrostatic images
US3411936A (en) * 1965-03-01 1968-11-19 Interchem Corp Developing electrostatic images with a liquid developer containing tetraphenyl tin or zirconyl 2-ethylhexoate
US3411937A (en) * 1965-03-01 1968-11-19 Interchem Corp Method of liquid electrostatic developing
US3417019A (en) * 1962-12-27 1968-12-17 Eastman Kodak Co Xerographic development
US3429662A (en) * 1965-03-15 1969-02-25 American Zinc Co Zinc oxide
US3438904A (en) * 1966-01-10 1969-04-15 Scm Corp Liquid toner
US3441345A (en) * 1963-05-20 1969-04-29 Addressograph Multigraph Photocopying
US3507679A (en) * 1964-03-23 1970-04-21 Commw Of Australia Controlled polarity liquid developer
US3510338A (en) * 1965-08-06 1970-05-05 Inmont Corp Method of electrostatic printing
US3519566A (en) * 1966-11-07 1970-07-07 Dow Chemical Co Method of making electrophotographic developer for etch resist image patterns
US3620721A (en) * 1968-08-22 1971-11-16 Agfa Gevaert Nv Lead oxide-containing photoconductive recording process utilizing x-rays or visible light
US3639246A (en) * 1965-06-01 1972-02-01 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Liquid developers for electrostatic photography
US3640863A (en) * 1968-06-05 1972-02-08 Ricoh Kk A liquid electrostatic having pigment particles coated with a cyclized rubber
US3669886A (en) * 1968-09-11 1972-06-13 Hunt Chem Corp Philip A Liquid developer for electrostatography
US3717461A (en) * 1970-02-12 1973-02-20 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Removal of protective resin layer by liquid developer in electrophotographic imaging
US3856519A (en) * 1970-06-04 1974-12-24 Xerox Corp Transfer of tower using a volatile insulating liquid
US3918970A (en) * 1970-12-02 1975-11-11 Hitachi Ltd Color xerographic recording method
US3986968A (en) * 1974-02-01 1976-10-19 Rank Xerox Ltd. Milled and polar solvent extracted liquid developer
US3993483A (en) * 1974-01-22 1976-11-23 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid developer for electrostatic image
US4259428A (en) * 1978-03-16 1981-03-31 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid developer for electrostatic latent image
US5262259A (en) * 1990-01-03 1993-11-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Toner developed electrostatic imaging process for outdoor signs
US5393635A (en) * 1993-07-28 1995-02-28 Hewlett-Packard Company Chelating negative charge director for liquid electrographic toner
US5445911A (en) * 1993-07-28 1995-08-29 Hewlett-Packard Company Chelating positive charge director for liquid electrographic toner
US20030186158A1 (en) * 2002-03-21 2003-10-02 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic imaging method
US20040063017A1 (en) * 2002-07-27 2004-04-01 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Single layered electrophotographic photoreceptor
US20160167084A1 (en) * 2014-12-15 2016-06-16 Olympus Corporation Attachment coating method

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NL223481A (fr) * 1956-12-21
US3058914A (en) * 1957-10-01 1962-10-16 Commw Of Australia Non-inflammable liquid developers for electrostatic images
DE1113874B (de) * 1957-11-09 1961-09-14 Ozalid Co Ltd Verfahren zum Entwickeln latenter elektrostatischer Bilder
GB943215A (en) * 1959-04-13 1963-12-04 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
NL250444A (fr) * 1959-04-13
DE1190787C2 (de) * 1959-05-07 1973-08-23 Rank Xerox Ltd Verfahren zur Entwicklung von Ladungsbildern
DE1928817C2 (de) 1969-06-06 1982-07-01 Naamloze Vennootschap Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken, 5621 Eindhoven Verwendung einer Dispersion feinteiliger Stoffe in einem apolaren Dispersionsmittel
DE1966674C3 (de) * 1969-06-06 1981-08-20 Naamloze Vennootschap Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken, Eindhoven Elektrophotographischer Suspensionsentwickler

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US3212888A (en) * 1961-06-12 1965-10-19 Xerox Corp Method for developing latent electrostatic charge halftone images
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US3244633A (en) * 1961-10-24 1966-04-05 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Liquid developers for developing electrostatic images
US3337340A (en) * 1961-12-28 1967-08-22 Australia Res Lab Method for the reproduction of color
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US3325409A (en) * 1962-08-28 1967-06-13 Australia Res Lab Toner for electrophotography
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US5393635A (en) * 1993-07-28 1995-02-28 Hewlett-Packard Company Chelating negative charge director for liquid electrographic toner
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1186176A (fr) 1959-08-17
BE553789A (fr)
GB835044A (en) 1960-05-18
DE1047616B (de) 1958-12-24
CH360699A (fr) 1962-03-15
NL95463C (fr)
NL213305A (fr)

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