US20210292915A1 - Method for Coating a Motor Vehicle Bodyshell Part, and Motor Vehicle Bodyshell Part - Google Patents

Method for Coating a Motor Vehicle Bodyshell Part, and Motor Vehicle Bodyshell Part Download PDF

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Publication number
US20210292915A1
US20210292915A1 US17/253,515 US201917253515A US2021292915A1 US 20210292915 A1 US20210292915 A1 US 20210292915A1 US 201917253515 A US201917253515 A US 201917253515A US 2021292915 A1 US2021292915 A1 US 2021292915A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
motor vehicle
vehicle bodyshell
bodyshell part
zinc coat
coating
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
US17/253,515
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English (en)
Inventor
Clemens Bergmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Assigned to BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BERGMANN, CLEMENS
Publication of US20210292915A1 publication Critical patent/US20210292915A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
    • C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
    • C23F13/12—Electrodes characterised by the material
    • C23F13/14—Material for sacrificial anodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C23C2/024—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by cleaning or etching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F3/00—Brightening metals by chemical means
    • C23F3/04—Heavy metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
    • C25F3/16—Polishing
    • C25F3/22—Polishing of heavy metals
    • C25F3/24—Polishing of heavy metals of iron or steel

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to a method for coating a motor vehicle bodyshell part, and also to a motor vehicle bodyshell part.
  • a coated steel plate may have a base layer composed of steel, a coat composed for the most part of zinc being applied on the at least one upper side of said base layer by hot-dip coating.
  • the coated steel plate can be painted after the zinc coat has been applied.
  • One object of this disclosure is to provide a method for coating a motor vehicle bodyshell part, and also a motor vehicle bodyshell part for a motor vehicle, which make a particularly high corrosion resistance of the motor vehicle bodyshell part possible.
  • a method for coating a motor vehicle bodyshell part in which the motor vehicle bodyshell part is coated with a metallic zinc coat as cathodic corrosion protection and subsequently painted.
  • a protective action against corrosion depends on a respective type of layer.
  • a less noble layer protects the motor vehicle bodyshell part cathodically and functions in this case as sacrificial anode, which means that the base or less noble layer dissolves and a respective function of the motor vehicle bodyshell part is thereby obtained for as long as possible.
  • the motor vehicle bodyshell part In order to permit particularly advantageous protection of the motor vehicle bodyshell part against corrosion, provision is made according to this disclosure for the motor vehicle bodyshell part to be chemically polished and/or electrochemically polished prior to the coating with the metallic zinc coat.
  • the chemical and/or electrochemical polishing leads to a particularly smooth surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part, such that so-called zinc antennas can be avoided.
  • contaminants of the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part can be removed during the chemical and/or electrochemical polishing in order to avoid inclusion of the contaminants under the metallic zinc coat.
  • the particularly smooth surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part brought about by the chemical and/or electrochemical polishing makes it possible for the metallic zinc coat to likewise have a particularly flat and uniform surface with little roughness. This is advantageous in particular for a subsequent painting operation and thus a further layer application onto the metallic zinc coat, since all layers on or around the motor vehicle bodyshell part can be applied in a particularly uniform and smooth manner.
  • a respective roughness of the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part leads to roughnesses, which increase from layer to layer on the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part, of the respective layers applied onto the motor vehicle bodyshell part, such as the zinc coat and possibly an additional paint coat.
  • the reduction in the roughness of the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part thus leads to a particularly low roughness of a respective outermost layer applied onto the motor vehicle bodyshell part.
  • the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part is chemically and/or electrochemically polished prior to the coating with the metallic zinc coat.
  • the removal of contaminants from the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part by means of chemical and/or electrochemical polishing prior to the application of the zinc coat furthermore has the advantage that zinc coating-free locations can be avoided. These zinc coating-free locations could be produced in the case of contaminants, since zinc cannot be deposited on contaminants.
  • the removal of contaminants from the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part by means of chemical and/or electrochemical polishing prior to the application of the zinc coat also has the advantage that it is possible for the inclusion of liquids or gases, from a galvanization process, in the contaminants to be prevented.
  • these included liquids or gases could generate a defect in a resultant not-cured paint layer, said defect possibly having a serious negative affect on the corrosion properties of the motor vehicle bodyshell part.
  • the electrochemical polishing which can also be referred to as electropolishing, is a removal method, wherein metal of the motor vehicle bodyshell part is anodically removed using respective electrolytes which are matched specifically to a respective material of the motor vehicle bodyshell part.
  • the electropolishing operation aims to reduce the surface roughness of the motor vehicle bodyshell part, that is to say to remove burrs, and also to provide a smoothness and possibly a gloss. Contaminants are also removed during the electropolishing operation.
  • the electrolytes which are used as chemicals can differ depending on the material of the motor vehicle bodyshell part to be polished.
  • the motor vehicle bodyshell part which has been chemically and/or electrochemically polished prior to the coating, advantageously has a particularly smooth surface, such that a particularly uniform application of the zinc coat and further layers, such as, for example, paint layers, is possible. Since a smooth surface has fewer points of attack for damage in comparison with a particularly rough surface, and there is thus a particularly low risk of damage to the zinc coat, the coated motor vehicle bodyshell part has particularly good protection against corrosion.
  • the motor vehicle bodyshell part is generatively or additively manufactured or cast and to subsequently be chemically polished and/or electrochemically polished.
  • the motor vehicle bodyshell part is thus produced in the context of an additive manufacturing operation or as a cast component, in particular by means of precision casting.
  • the motor vehicle bodyshell part is for example metallic and thus formed from a metal raw material.
  • the motor vehicle bodyshell part can be formed from steel or iron.
  • a generatively manufactured or cast motor vehicle bodyshell part has a particularly high surface roughness on account of the respective production method. In order to reduce this surface roughness, the motor vehicle bodyshell part is chemically and/or electrochemically polished.
  • motor vehicle bodyshell parts which have been generatively manufactured or cast to be provided with particularly good protection against corrosion by means of the zinc coat and the paint, with the result that the motor vehicle bodyshell part can be used for example in a wet region of a motor vehicle.
  • the motor vehicle bodyshell part is cleaned by means of ultrasound.
  • a particularly high degree of cleanness of the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part can be achieved, since any contaminants not removed from the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part during the polishing thereof can be removed from the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part by means of ultrasound.
  • the formation of cracks in the motor vehicle bodyshell part after the polishing and the ultrasonic cleaning and prior to the coating with the zinc coat can thus be kept particularly low. This makes it possible to coat the motor vehicle bodyshell part with the zinc coat in a particularly uniform manner, such that a particularly advantageous corrosion protection of the motor vehicle bodyshell part can be achieved.
  • a further advantageous configuration of this disclosure provides for the motor vehicle bodyshell part to be a body component.
  • the motor vehicle bodyshell part is thus used for example in the wet region of the motor vehicle, there being, in principle, a particularly high risk of corrosion for components in said wet region.
  • the method makes it possible for cast components or generatively manufactured motor vehicle bodyshell parts to be able to obtain a sufficient corrosion protection in order to be able to be used in the wet region of the motor vehicle with a predefined minimum service life.
  • the method thus permits a particularly wide spectrum of use of generatively manufactured or cast motor vehicle bodyshell parts in motor vehicles, in particular in wet regions which are particularly susceptible to corrosion.
  • the motor vehicle bodyshell part is subjected to corundum blasting prior to the chemical polishing and/or the electrochemical polishing.
  • the motor vehicle bodyshell part is subjected to abrasive surface treatment using corundum as blasting medium.
  • the roughness of the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part is then further reduced in order to obtain a particularly smooth surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part.
  • the motor vehicle bodyshell part it has proven to be particularly advantageous for the motor vehicle bodyshell part to be hot-dip galvanized.
  • Hot-dip galvanization is a particularly simple and rapid option for applying the metallic zinc coat to the motor vehicle bodyshell part.
  • hot-dip galvanization makes it possible for any unevennesses in the surface of the vehicle bodyshell part to be compensated by means of the zinc coat, such that the metallic zinc coat has a lower roughness than that surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part which is provided with the metallic zinc coat.
  • the hot-dip galvanization of the motor vehicle bodyshell part thus makes it possible to produce a particularly corrosion-resistant motor vehicle bodyshell part.
  • This disclosure furthermore relates to a motor vehicle bodyshell part for a motor vehicle, having a base body which is coated with a zinc coat, and also having a paint layer which is arranged on the zinc coat.
  • the motor vehicle bodyshell part has for example been generatively manufactured or cast and can thus have a particularly high surface roughness.
  • the base body is a chemically and/or electrochemically polished cast part and/or generatively manufactured component.
  • a surface roughness of the motor vehicle bodyshell part it is possible for a surface roughness of the motor vehicle bodyshell part to be lowered at least to a defined maximum roughness.
  • the cast and/or generatively manufactured motor vehicle bodyshell part thus has a surface with a particularly low surface roughness, wherein the surface is provided with the zinc coat.
  • the motor vehicle bodyshell part is provided in its entirety with the zinc coat.
  • a paint layer can be applied on the zinc coat, for example in the context of a cathodic dip-painting operation onto the zinc coat.
  • the particularly smooth surface of the chemically and/or electrochemically polished motor vehicle bodyshell part makes it possible for the metallic zinc coat, in particular in the context of a hot-dip galvanizing operation, to be able to be applied onto the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part in a particularly uniform manner.
  • the metallic zinc coat likewise has a particularly low surface roughness.
  • the motor vehicle bodyshell part has particularly good protection against corrosion, since unevennesses in the zinc coat and in particular in a paint layer applied on the zinc coat are particularly susceptible to damage, and damage to the zinc coat or to the paint layer can lead to corrosion of the motor vehicle bodyshell part.
  • FIG. 1 shows a method diagram for coating a motor vehicle bodyshell part, in which the motor vehicle bodyshell part is produced, chemically and/or electrochemically polished, coated with a metallic zinc coat and subsequently painted;
  • FIG. 2 shows respective schematic views of a surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part in different stages of a polishing operation or of a cleaning operation of the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a method diagram for producing and coating a motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 , wherein a particularly corrosion-resistant motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 is intended to be produced, which can be used in particular in a wet region of a motor vehicle.
  • the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 in a first method step 1 , is generatively manufactured or cast. This means that the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 is either produced in a casting method or is constructed layerwise by additive manufacturing. In the present case, the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 produced in the context of the first method step 1 is a body component.
  • the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 is pretreated. In the context of this pretreatment, the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 is at least chemically and/or electrochemically polished. In addition, the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 can be subjected to corundum blasting and/or ultrasonic cleaning.
  • the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 is then coated with a metallic zinc coat, in particular hot-dip galvanized.
  • This metallic zinc coat serves as cathodic corrosion protection and thus functions as sacrificial anode for a particularly high corrosion resistance of the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 .
  • the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 is painted, such that a paint is applied onto the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 , on the metallic zinc coat. In the present case, the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 is cathodically dip-painted.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 in different states during the second method step 2 in the context of the pretreatment.
  • the surface of the, in the present case, precision-cast motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 is shown in a plan view as a first state 6 , after the casting operation and prior to a polishing operation.
  • the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 is shown both in a plan view and in a sectional view in a second state 7 , after the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 has been subjected to a corundum blasting operation.
  • the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 is furthermore illustrated in a third state 8 both in a plan view and in a sectional view, wherein the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 in the third state 8 has been subjected to corundum blasting and then chemically polished.
  • the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 is illustrated in a plan view and in a sectional view in a fourth state 9 , in which the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 has been subjected to corundum blasting, chemically polished, and also subjected to ultrasonic cleaning.
  • the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 is illustrated in a plan view in the fifth state 10 thereof, wherein the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 in the fifth state 10 has been subjected to corundum blasting twice, and thus chemically polished twice, and also subjected to ultrasonic cleaning.
  • the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 passes first through the first state 6 , then the second state 7 , then the third state 8 , then the fourth state 9 and subsequently the fifth state 10 .
  • the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 is provided with the zinc coat in the third method step 3 .
  • contaminants and also surface roughnesses of the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 decrease continuously from the first state 6 through to the fifth state 10 .
  • the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 which has been generatively manufactured or cast, is cleaned and/or leveled by a chemical aftertreatment, in particular chemical polishing and/or electrochemical polishing and/or electrochemical pulse polishing, in such a way that a sealed zinc layer and/or a sealed cathodic paint layer can be deposited on the surface thereof.
  • a chemical aftertreatment in particular chemical polishing and/or electrochemical polishing and/or electrochemical pulse polishing, in such a way that a sealed zinc layer and/or a sealed cathodic paint layer can be deposited on the surface thereof.
  • the sealing of the paint layer and/or of the zinc coat can be additionally improved by subjecting the surface of the motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 to ultrasonic cleaning after the chemical and/or electrochemical polishing operation.
  • the described method makes it possible for the generatively manufactured or cast motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 to be able to be used in a motor vehicle body and in particular in a wet region of the motor vehicle without additional measures such as a coating with polyvinyl chloride.
  • the generatively manufactured or cast motor vehicle bodyshell part 5 can be provided with the particularly advantageous corrosion properties described.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
US17/253,515 2018-07-27 2019-07-03 Method for Coating a Motor Vehicle Bodyshell Part, and Motor Vehicle Bodyshell Part Pending US20210292915A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018212540.6 2018-07-27
DE102018212540.6A DE102018212540A1 (de) 2018-07-27 2018-07-27 Verfahren zum Beschichten eines Kraftfahrzeugrohbauteils sowie Kraftfahrzeugrohbauteil
PCT/EP2019/067787 WO2020020588A1 (fr) 2018-07-27 2019-07-03 Procédé permettant d'appliquer un revêtement sur une pièce brute de véhicule à moteur et pièce brute de véhicule à moteur

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US20210292915A1 true US20210292915A1 (en) 2021-09-23

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US17/253,515 Pending US20210292915A1 (en) 2018-07-27 2019-07-03 Method for Coating a Motor Vehicle Bodyshell Part, and Motor Vehicle Bodyshell Part

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US (1) US20210292915A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN112218968A (fr)
DE (1) DE102018212540A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020020588A1 (fr)

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CN112218968A (zh) 2021-01-12
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