US20200362214A1 - Low gwp refrigerant blends - Google Patents

Low gwp refrigerant blends Download PDF

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Publication number
US20200362214A1
US20200362214A1 US16/764,817 US201816764817A US2020362214A1 US 20200362214 A1 US20200362214 A1 US 20200362214A1 US 201816764817 A US201816764817 A US 201816764817A US 2020362214 A1 US2020362214 A1 US 2020362214A1
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Prior art keywords
r227ea
r1234ze
carbon dioxide
r1234yf
percentages
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Abandoned
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US16/764,817
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English (en)
Inventor
John Edward Poole
Richard L. Powell
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RPL Holdings Ltd
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RPL Holdings Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB1719692.4A external-priority patent/GB201719692D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB1800521.5A external-priority patent/GB201800521D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB1805792.7A external-priority patent/GB201805792D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB1816781.7A external-priority patent/GB201816781D0/en
Application filed by RPL Holdings Ltd filed Critical RPL Holdings Ltd
Assigned to RPL HOLDINGS LIMITED reassignment RPL HOLDINGS LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: POOLE, JOHN EDWARD, POWELL, RICHARD L.
Publication of US20200362214A1 publication Critical patent/US20200362214A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
    • C09K5/066—Cooling mixtures; De-icing compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/106—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
    • C09K2205/122—Halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
    • C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/34—The mixture being non-azeotropic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/40—Replacement mixtures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/40—Replacement mixtures
    • C09K2205/47—Type R502

Definitions

  • This invention relates to refrigerant compositions which can be used in thermal pumps to pump heat from a lower temperature to a higher temperature by the input of work.
  • thermal pumps When such devices are used to generate lower temperatures, they are typically called refrigerators or air conditioners. ere they are used to produce higher temperatures, they are typically termed heat pumps. The same device may supply heating or cooling depending upon the user's requirement.
  • This type of thermal pump may be called a reversible heat pump or reversible air conditioner.
  • Chlorofluorocarbons such as CFC-12 and R502 and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) such as HCFC-22 have been widely used as refrigerants, but migrate to the stratosphere where they are broken down by ultra violet light producing chlorine atoms that destroy the ozone layer.
  • ODS Ozone Depleting Substances
  • HFCs hydrofluorocarbons
  • R502 was the main refrigerant of choice due largely to its lower discharge temperature compared to R22.
  • R502 was banned and was largely replaced by the HFC blends R404A and R507.
  • R404A and R507 while being excellent refrigerants in terms of energy efficiency, non-flammability, low toxicity and thermodynamic properties, nevertheless have Global Warming Potentials (GWP)s which are at the high end of the commonly used HFCs.
  • GWP Global Warming Potential
  • GWP Global Warming Potential
  • ITH Integrated Time Horizon
  • R22 which has been widely used in air conditioning systems, has a much lower ability to destroy ozone compared to CFCs, it is being phased out under the Montreal Protocol.
  • Non-ozone depleting R410A has proved an excellent replacement for R22 in new air-conditioning equipment, including split systems, but it is also now being phased-out because the comparatively high GWP (2088) means it is no longer environmentally acceptable.
  • composition of R404A is:
  • composition of R507 is:
  • composition of R410A is:
  • a refrigeration composition consisting essentially of:
  • HFO selected from the group consisting of: R1234yf, R1234ze(E) and mixtures
  • compositions may consist of the recited ingredients.
  • compositions which include only the recited ingredients, disregarding trace amounts of any impurities.
  • compositions which consist of the recited ingredients with the possible addition of minor amounts of any further ingredients which do not substantially alter the essential refrigerant properties of the composition. These compositions include compositions which consist of the recited ingredients. Compositions which consist of the recited ingredients may be particularly advantageous.
  • This invention relates to low GWP blends, which particularly, but not exclusively, are compositions that can replace R404A, R507 and R410A in new refrigeration and air-conditioning systems.
  • the blends may be also used in existing and modified refrigeration and air conditioning systems so that the continued operation of existing and modified systems is facilitated.
  • the blends have zero Ozone Depletion Potentials, so that they have no adverse effect on stratospheric ozone.
  • the invention also provides compositions which may continue to be used in the event of progressive tightening of GWP restrictions, while minimising the cost to the user.
  • compositions that have GWP values in the range 100 to 500.
  • the values in this range are significantly lower than those of R404A, R507 and R410A.
  • Exemplary compositions may have ASHRAE safety classifications of A1 (low toxicity/non-flammable) or A2L (low toxicity/slightly flammable).
  • the compositions may possess energy efficiencies and cooling capacities at least comparable to the fluids they are replacing.
  • the compositions may have maximum operating pressures no greater than 3 bar preferably 2 bar greater at 45° C. than the refrigerants they may replace.
  • Compositions with relatively high GWPs tend to be non-flammable (A1) while compositions with lower GWPs tend to be slightly flammable (A2L). For existing equipment there may be little scope for carrying out physical modifications. Therefore non-flammability (A1) is essential. Compositions with higher GWP values may be required.
  • blends with lower GWPs may be preferred, even if they have an A2L rating.
  • glide has been previously defined as the temperature difference between the bubble point and the dew point at the specified constant pressure. This may be referred to as the ‘intrinsic’ refrigerant glide. Defined in this way, “glide” is a purely thermodynamic property of a refrigerant and is independent of equipment and operating conditions.
  • the observed glide is a combination of the intrinsic glide of the refrigerant plus the glide induced by the pressure drop necessary to maintain the refrigerant flow.
  • a two phase mixture enters the evaporator.
  • the glide is the difference between the entry temperature and the dew point. This difference may depend on operating conditions.
  • the observed glide will be the intrinsic glide of the refrigerant minus the glide caused by the pressure drop in the evaporator required to maintain the refrigerant flow.
  • a measured or calculated evaporator glide under specified conditions may be used.
  • compositions of the present invention may have a wide or very wide temperature glide.
  • Exemplary compositions may consist essentially of CO 2 , an HFO with a normal boiling point less than ⁇ 15° C., and R227ea.
  • the exemplary HFOs may be selected from R1234yf, R1234ze(E) and mixtures thereof These fluids may provide a combination of appropriate vapour pressures for formulating R404A, R507 and R410A replacements with low flammability and low toxicity. They may provide compositions where the flammability of the HFOs may be partially or completely compensated for, by the presence of the non-flammable gases CO 2 and R227ea. Furthermore, the relatively high GWP of R227ea can be offset by the very low GWPs of CO 2 and the HFO component.
  • Exemplary embodiments provide refrigerant compositions for new equipment.
  • the compositions are not excluded from use in modified equipment for example for use as replacements for existing equipment using R404A, R507 or R410A.
  • the compositions may have GWPs not exceeding 500.
  • a reduced EU or international GWP quota may provide adequate latitude for compositions having thermodynamic and flammability properties that enable them to be retrofitted into existing designs of R404A.
  • the present invention addresses this need.
  • hydrocarbons, ammonia and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) are technically feasible refrigerants for refrigeration and air-conditioning systems and have considerably lower GWPs than HFCs, they are not direct replacements for R507 and R410A, since they have inherent disadvantages which work against their general usage, particularly in public areas such as supermarkets.
  • Highly flammable hydrocarbons can only be used safely in conjunction with a secondary refrigeration circuit, which reduces energy efficiency and increases costs, or with small charges, which severely limits the maximum cooling duty for which they can be used.
  • hydrocarbon refrigerants and ammonia have caused building damage, injury and death.
  • CO 2 must be used in the transcritical state on the high-pressure side of the system to allow heat rejection to ambient air.
  • Embodiments of this invention enable use of new equipment including blends, consisting essentially of or consisting of CO 2 , R1234yf or R1234ze(E), or mixtures thereof and R227ea having GWPs less than 500, for example less than 150, that are capable of operating at maximum pressures comparable to those of R404A (16.2 bara at 35° C.), R507 and R410A (up to 20 bara at 35° C.) while providing similar refrigeration performances.
  • compositions have direct GWP values which are less than about 500.
  • GWP values are widely recorded in the literature for example as published by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or IPCC Reports.
  • compositions of this invention consist essentially of blends of carbon dioxide and R1234ze(E) and/or R1234yf and R227ea, in the presently claimed proportions.
  • These compositions may have safety classifications of Al or A2L according to ASHRAE Standard 34 while providing similar or superior refrigerating effects and performances in comparison to the refrigerants they are intended to replace.
  • the compositions may be used as refrigerants in new, original (OEM) equipment.
  • compositions may be used in air conditioning equipment operating at an evaporating temperature in the range about 0° C. to about 15° C., for example from about 2° C. to about 15° C., for example in equipment designed for use with R410A.
  • compositions may be used in low temperature refrigeration equipment operating at an evaporating temperature for example from about ⁇ 15 ° C. to about ⁇ 40 ° C., for example in equipment designed for use with R404A or R507.
  • compositions of this invention are capable of retaining the performance of the existing refrigerant when used as a complete replacement for the existing refrigerant.
  • the GWP of the refrigerant should be lower than the GWP of the refrigerant to be replaced.
  • the cooling capacity of the refrigerant should be similar, for example ( ⁇ 20%) to that of the original refrigerant. This is important to enable the equipment to function adequately in a hot environment.
  • the discharge pressure should not exceed the maximum pressure rating of the equipment.
  • the discharge temperature should not significantly exceed the discharge temperature that the equipment is designed for. If the discharge temperature is excessive then the working life of the equipment may be reduced.
  • compositions in accordance with this invention may have discharge temperatures which are lower than may be expected following a standard calculation, for example using the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA) Cycle D method.
  • Exemplary compositions may have discharge temperatures which are lower than the calculated values and for example about 5° C. to 10° C. above the measured values for R404A, R507 or R410A.
  • the power consumption of the equipment when using the replacement refrigerant should not be excessive in comparison to the power consumption when using the original refrigerant.
  • compositions may have the further advantage that they are not azeotropes or azeotrope-like.
  • Preferred compositions boil over a temperature range greater than about 10° C., for example greater than 20° C.
  • azeotrope-like composition is necessary.
  • the present inventors have unexpectedly discovered that azeotrope-like compositions are not necessary and may be disadvantageous. This discovery is particularly useful when using a direct heat exchange (DX) exchanger in which a progressive increase in temperature is dependent on the glide of the refrigerant.
  • DX direct heat exchange
  • the pressure drop induced glide is in the same direction as the intrinsic refrigerant glide so that the effects are additive.
  • an evaporator cools, for example, an air stream or a liquid stream over a range from a higher temperature to lower temperature. If the temperature glide of the evaporating refrigerant is significantly greater than the required cooling range then the efficiency on the unit may be compromised. Preferably glide should be equal to or less that the range.
  • a preferred refrigerant composition may consist or consist essentially of:
  • carbon dioxide 10-25% an HFO selected from the group consisting 60-83%; and of: R1234ze(E), R1234yf and mixtures thereof R227ea 3-12% wherein the percentages are by mass and are selected from the ranges quoted to total 100%.
  • R1234yf For compositions in which lower glides are required use of R1234yf may be preferred over R1234ze(E).
  • the present invention may enable the replacement of R404A, R507 and R410A, the most commonly used refrigerants in refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment, enabling a substantial reduction in GWP exceeding 80% by providing blends having a GWP between 1 and 500 and without any reduction in performance including energy efficiency and capacity.
  • An exemplary refrigerant composition may consist or consist essentially of:
  • carbon dioxide 22% an HFO selected from the group consisting 69% of: R1234yf, R1234ze(E) and mixtures thereof, R227ea 9% wherein the percentages are by mass.
  • An exemplary refrigerant composition which may be used to completely or partially replace R404A,R507 or R410A may consist or consist essentially of.
  • An exemplary refrigerant composition which may be used to completely or partially replace R404A,R507 or R410A may consist or consist essentially of.
  • An exemplary refrigerant composition may consist or consist essentially of one of the following compositions:
  • An exemplary refrigerant composition may consist or consist essentially of one of the following:
  • the ratio of the HFO component to R227ea may be in the range of about 5 to 8:1, preferably about 6 to 7:1, more preferably about 7:1.
  • An exemplary refrigerant composition which may be used to provide an extender or new equipment alternative for R404A, R507 or R410A may consist or consist essentially of:
  • carbon dioxide 10-30% an HFO selected from R1234yf, R1234ze(E) 45-85% and mixtures thereof R227ea 3-15% wherein the percentages are by mass and are selected from the ranges quoted to total 100%.
  • An exemplary refrigerant composition which may be used to provide an extender or new equipment alternative for R404A, R507 or R410A may consist or consist essentially of:
  • carbon dioxide 10-25% an HFO selected from R1234yf, R1234ze(E) 60-83% and mixtures thereof R227ea 3-12% wherein the percentages are by mass and are selected from the ranges quoted to total 100%.
  • An exemplary refrigerant composition which may be used to provide an extender or new equipment alternative for R404A or R507 may consist or consist essentially of:
  • An exemplary refrigerant composition which may be used to provide an extender or new equipment alternative for R410A may consist or consist essentially of:
  • each of R1234yf and R1234ze(E) can vary independently from 0% to 80%.
  • a preferred composition with GWP not exceeding 300 may consist or consist essentially of:
  • each of R1234yf and R1234ze(E) can vary independently from 0% to 80%.
  • An exemplary refrigerant consists essentially of:
  • Embodiments of this invention may overcome the quota limitation by providing refrigerants that can be used to top-up R404A, R507 and R410A units allowing them to operate for at least further years.
  • Such top-up blends are preferably ASH''E A1 and have suction capacities and maximum operating temperatures comparable to the refrigerants they are replacing.
  • Their GWPs may be less than 500 and preferably less than 300.
  • a suitable top-up refrigerant composition consists essentially of:
  • top-up refrigerant composition consists essentially of:
  • top-up refrigerant composition consists essentially of:
  • a preferred refrigerant composition consists essentially of:
  • top-up refrigerant composition consists essentially of:
  • Another preferred top-up refrigerant composition consists essentially of:
  • a preferred composition for a top-up blend with a GWP not exceeding 500 consists essentially of:
  • R1234yf/R1234ze(E) 45-80% R227ea 9.2-15.5% wherein the R1234yf and R1234ze(E) can vary independently from 0 to 80%.
  • a preferred composition for a top-up blend with GWP not exceeding 300 consists essentially of:
  • R1234yf/R1234ze(E) 45-80% R227ea 6-9.2% wherein the R1234yf and R1234ze(E) can vary independently from 0 to 80%.
  • a preferred top-up refrigerant consists essentially of:
  • a preferred top-up refrigerant consists essentially of:
  • a preferred top-up refrigerant consists essentially of:
  • a further preferred top-up refrigerant consists essentially of:
  • the present invention enables the replacement of R404A, R507 and R410A, the most commonly used refrigerants in refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment, providing a substantial reduction in GWP exceeding 80% with blends having a GWP between about 100, for example about 150 and about 500, and without any reduction in performance including energy efficiency and capacity.
  • Each blend that is the subject of this invention may be used in a thermal pump lubricated by an oxygen containing oil, for example POE or PAG, or by such oils mixed with a hydrocarbon lubricant up to 50%, for example a mineral oil, alkyl benzene or polyalpha olefin.
  • an oxygen containing oil for example POE or PAG
  • a hydrocarbon lubricant up to 50%, for example a mineral oil, alkyl benzene or polyalpha olefin.
  • Each blend that is the subject of this invention may be used in a thermal pump lubricated by an oxygen containing oil, for example POE or PAG, or by such oils mixed with a hydrocarbon lubricant up to 50%, for example a mineral oil, alkyl benzene and polyalpha olefin.
  • an oxygen containing oil for example POE or PAG
  • a hydrocarbon lubricant up to 50%, for example a mineral oil, alkyl benzene and polyalpha olefin.
  • Blends 1 to 4 whose compositions are shown in Table 1, were modelled for a typical air conditioning system using a Rankine Cycle program with thermodynamic data generated by NIST's REFPROP v10.
  • the performance of R410A is included for comparison.
  • suction specific capacities, discharge pressures and coefficients of performance (energy efficiency) of the novel blends are comparable to the values for R410A so provide viable alternatives, but have much lower GWPs.
  • Blends 5 to 8 whose compositions are shown in Table 2, were modelled for a typical low temperature refrigeration system using a Rankine Cycle program with thermodynamic data generated by NIST's REFPROP v10.
  • the performance of R404A is included for comparison.
  • suction specific capacities, discharge pressures and coefficients of performance (energy efficiency) of the novel blends are comparable to the values for R404A so provide viable alternatives, but have much lower GWPs.
  • Blend 5 Blend 6
  • Blend 7 Blend 8
  • R404A Component R125 0 0 0 0 0.44
  • R143a 0 0 0 0 0.52
  • R134a 0 0 0 0.04
  • carbon dioxide 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.22
  • R1234yf 0.65 0.33
  • R227ea 0.14
  • R1234ze 0 0.41 0 0.69 0
  • 3943 Results Input Cooling duty kW 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Conden

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
US16/764,817 2017-11-27 2018-11-26 Low gwp refrigerant blends Abandoned US20200362214A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1719692.4 2017-11-27
GBGB1719692.4A GB201719692D0 (en) 2017-11-27 2017-11-27 Very low global warming refrigerant blends
GBGB1800521.5A GB201800521D0 (en) 2018-01-12 2018-01-12 Low GWP refrigerant blends
GB1800521.5 2018-01-12
GB1805792.7 2018-04-06
GBGB1805792.7A GB201805792D0 (en) 2018-04-06 2018-04-06 Very low gwp blends
GBGB1810959.5A GB201810959D0 (en) 2018-04-06 2018-07-04 Low GWP refrigerant blends-3
GB1810959.5 2018-07-04
GBGB1815477.3A GB201815477D0 (en) 2018-04-06 2018-09-24 Low gwp refrigerant blends
GB1815477.3 2018-09-24
GB1816781.7 2018-10-15
GBGB1816781.7A GB201816781D0 (en) 2018-10-15 2018-10-15 Low GWP refrigerant blends
PCT/EP2018/082597 WO2019102008A1 (en) 2017-11-27 2018-11-26 Low gwp refrigerant blends

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US11459497B2 (en) 2017-11-27 2022-10-04 Rpl Holdings Limited Low GWP refrigerant blends
US11549495B2 (en) * 2020-09-16 2023-01-10 Tianjin University Power generation model based on a transcritical cycle with an increasing-pressure endothermic process using CO2-based mixture working fluids for an enhanced geothermal system
US11827834B2 (en) 2020-10-22 2023-11-28 Rpl Holdings Limited Thermal pump refrigerants

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DE102017012211A1 (de) * 2017-09-08 2019-03-14 Technische Universität Dresden Kältemittel
GB2576328A (en) 2018-08-14 2020-02-19 Mexichem Fluor Sa De Cv Refrigerant composition
CN110699042B (zh) * 2019-09-30 2021-04-27 浙江衢化氟化学有限公司 一种氟代烯烃和氟代烷烃的组合物
GB202002063D0 (en) * 2020-02-14 2020-04-01 Mexichem Fluor Sa De Cv Compsitions
GB202108077D0 (en) * 2021-06-06 2021-07-21 Rpl Holdings Ltd RS-20 low GWP refrigerant blends

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