Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof

Definitions

• sequence listing is provided as a file entitled A-2262-US-NP_SeqList_061019_ST25.txt, created Jun. 10, 2019, which is 16 kb in size.
• the information in the electronic format of the sequence listing is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
• the present invention relates to compounds that inhibit the KRAS G12C protein; methods of treating diseases or conditions, such as cancer, using the compounds; and pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds.
• KRAS gene mutations are common in pancreatic cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, gall bladder cancer, thyroid cancer, and bile duct cancer. KRAS mutations are also observed in about 25% of patients with NSCLC, and some studies have indicated that KRAS mutations are a negative prognostic factor in patients with NSCLC. Recently, V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations have been found to confer resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted therapies in colorectal cancer; accordingly, the mutational status of KRAS can provide important information prior to the prescription of TKI therapy.
• EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
• pancreatic cancer lung adenocarcinoma, or colorectal cancer, especially those who have been diagnosed to have such cancers characterized by a KRAS mutation, and including those who have progressed after chemotherapy.
• the compounds disclosed herein can be in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
• the compounds provided can be formulated into a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound disclosed herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• the cancer is lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, or colorectal cancer.
• the invention provides a compound having a structure of formula (I)
• E 1 and E 2 are each independently N or CR 1 ;
• R 1 is independently H, hydroxy, —C 1-6 alkyl, —C 1-6 haloalkyl, —C 1-6 alkoxy, —NH—C 1-6 alkyl, —N(C 1-4 alkyl) 2 , cyano, or halo:
• R 2 is halo, —C 1-6 alkyl, —C 1-6 haloalkyl, —OR 2a , —N(R 2a ) 2 , —C 2-6 alkenyl, —C 2-6 alkynyl, —C 0-3 alkylene-C 3-14 cycloalkyl, —C 0-3 alkylene-C 2-14 heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C 0-3 alkylene-C 6-14 aryl, or —C 0-3 alkylene-C 2-14 heteroaryl, and each R 2a is independently H, —C 1-6 alkyl, —C 1-6 haloalkyl, —C 3-14 cycloalkyl, —C 2-14 heterocycloalkyl, —C 2-6 alkenyl, —C 2-6 alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R 2′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are
• R 3 is halo, —C 1-6 alkyl, —C 1-4 haloalkyl, —C 1-6 alkoxy, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, —C 2-14 heterocycloalkyl, —C 2-6 alkenyl, —C 2-6 alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
• ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring;
• L is a bond, —C 1-6 alkylene, —O—C 0-6 alkylene, —S—C 0-6 alkylene, or —NH—C 0-6 alkylene, and for —C 2-6 alkylene, —O—C 2-6 alkylene, —S—C 2-6 alkylene, and NH—C 2-6 alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH;
• R 4a is H, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 1-6 alkylene-O—C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-6 alkylene-OH, C 1-6 haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, C 0-3 alkylene-C 3-14 cycloalkyl, C 0-3 alkylene-C 2-14 heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C 0-3 alkylene-C 6-14 aryl, or selected from
• R 5 and R 6 are each independently H, halo, —C 1-6 alkyl, —C 2-6 alkynyl, —C 1-6 alkylene-O—C 1-4 alkyl, —C 1-6 alkylene-OH, —C 1-6 haloalkyl, —C 1-6 alkyleneamine, —C 0-6 alkylene-amide, —C 0-3 alkylene-C(O)OH, —C 0-3 alkylene-C(O)OC 1-4 alkyl, —C 1-6 alkylene-O-aryl, —C 0-3 alkylene-C(O)C 1-4 alkylene-OH, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C 0-3 alkylene-C 3-4 cycloalkyl, —C 0-3 alkylene-C 2-14 heterocycloalkyl, —C 0-3 alkylene-C 6-14 aryl, —C
• R 7 is H or C 1-6 alkyl, or R 7 and R 5 , together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring;
• R 8 is H, —C 1-6 alkyl, —C 0-3 alkylene-C 6-14 aryl, —C 0-3 alkylene-C 3-14 heteroaryl, —C 0-3 alkylene-C 3-14 cycloalkyl, —C 0-3 alkylene-C 2-14 heterocycloalkyl, —C 1-6 alkoxy, —O—C 0-3 alkylene-C 6-14 aryl, —O—C 0-3 alkylene-C 3-14 heteroaryl, —O—C 0-3 alkylene-C 3-14 cycloalkyl, —O—C 0-3 alkylene-C 2-14 heterocycloalkyl, —NH—C 1-8 aalkyl, —N(C 1-8 alkyl) 2 , —NH—C 0-3 alkylene-C 6-14 aryl, —NH—C 0-3 alkylene-C 2-14 heteroaryl, —NH—C 0-3 alky
• heteroaryl, spiroheterocycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl groups of any of the R 2 , R 2a , R 3 , R 4 , R 4a , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 substituents have 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N or S, wherein the cycloalkyl, spirocycloalkyl, spiroheterocycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl groups may include a C ⁇ O group, and further wherein the spiroheterocycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl groups may include a S ⁇ O or SO 2 ;
• —C 1-6 alkyl, —C 2-6 alkenyl, —C 2-6 alkynyl and the —OC 1-6 alkyl of any of the R 1 , R 2 , R 2a , R 3 , R 4 , R 4a , L, R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 substituents is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 R 9 substituents independently selected from OH, —OC 1-6 alkyl, —C 1-6 alkyl-O—C 1-6 alkyl, halo, —O-haloC 1-6 alkyl, —CN, —NR a R b , —(NR a R b R c ) n , —OSO 2 R a , —SO 2 R a , —(CH 2 CH 2 O) n CH 3 , -( ⁇ O), —C( ⁇ O),
• aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl group of any of the R 1 , R 2 , R 2a , R 3 , R 4 , R 4a , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 substituents can be unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R 10 substituents independently selected from OH, halo, —NR c R d , —C 1-6 alkyl, —OC 1-6 alkyl, —C 1-6 alkyl-OH, —C 1-6 alkyl-O—C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, —O-haloC 1-6 alkyl, —SO 2 R c , —CN, —C( ⁇ O)NR c R d , —C( ⁇ O)R c , —OC( ⁇ O)R a , —C( ⁇ O)OR c , a 6-
• each R a , R b , R c and R d is independently hydrogen, OH, —C 1-6 alkyl, —(CH 2 CH 2 O) n CH 3 , —NR 11 R 11 , —C 1-6 alkyl-NR 11 R 11 , phenyl, —C 1-6 alkyl-C( ⁇ O)OH, —C 1-6 alkyl-C( ⁇ O)—O—C 1-6 alkyl, —C 1-6 alkyl-3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl, —C 1-6 alkyl-3- to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl, —C 1-6 alkyl-6- to 12-membered heteroaryl, a 6- to 12-membered aryl or heteroaryl, a 3- to 12-membered monocyclic or bicyclic cycloalkyl, or a 3- to 12-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocycloalkyl group, wherein the heteroaryl group, heterocyclo
• each R 12 is independently selected from H, OH, halo, —C 1-6 alkyl, N(CH 3 ) 2 , —C 1-6 haloalkyl, C( ⁇ O)CH 3 , —C( ⁇ O)OCH 3 , or —C 1-6 alkyl-O—C 1-6 alkyl; or
• the present invention comprises a compound having a structure of formula (Ia)
• One aspect of the present invention provides various compounds, stereoisomers, atropisomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the stereoisomers, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the atropisomers as described in the embodiments set forth below.
• Another aspect of the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition that includes the compound of any of the embodiments or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
• Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of treating cancer.
• Such methods include: administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of any of the embodiments or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the cancer is a solid tumor.
• the cancer is selected from the group consisting of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, skin cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, kidney cancer, lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, cancer of the appendix, lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, myeloma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, and acute myelogenous leukemia.
• the method further includes administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of one or more additional pharmaceutically active compounds.
• the one or more additional pharmaceutically active compounds is pembrolizumab.
• the one or more additional pharmaceutically active compounds is niolumab.
• the one or more additional pharmaceutically active compounds is AMG 404.
• the one or more additional pharmaceutically active compounds is daratumumab.
• the one or more additional pharmaceutically active compound is a MEK inhibitor.
• the MEK inhibitor is tremetinib.
• the one or more additional pharmaceutically active compounds is an immunomodulatory agent (IMiD).
• alkyl refers to straight chained and branched C1-C 8 hydrocarbon groups, including but not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, n-hexyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, and 2-ethylbutyl.
• Cm-n means the alkyl group has “m” to “n” carbon atoms.
• alkylene refers to an alkyl group having a substituent.
• An alkyl (e.g., methyl), or alkylene (e.g., —CH 2 —), group can be substituted with one or more, and typically one to three, of independently selected, for example, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy, alkoxy, nitro, cyano, alkylamino, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, —NC, amino, —CO 2 H, —CO 2 C 1 -C 6 alkyl, —OCOC 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C 5 -C 10 aryl, and C 5 -C 10 heteroaryl.
• haloalkyl refers
• alkenyl and alkynyl indicate an alkyl group that further includes a double bond or a triple bond, respectively.
• halo refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo.
• alkoxy is defined as —OR, wherein R is alkyl.
• amino or “amine” interchangeably refers to a —NR 2 group, wherein each R is, e.g., H or a substituent.
• the amino group is further substituted to form an ammonium ion, e.g., NR 3 + .
• Ammonium moieties are specifically included in the definition of“amino” or “amine.”
• Substituents can be, for example, an alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, amide, or carboxylate.
• An R group may be further substituted, for example, with one or more, e.g., one to four, groups selected from halo, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, urea, carbonyl, carboxylate, amine, and amide.
• An “amide” or “amido” group interchangeably refers to a group similar to an amine or amino group but further including a C(O), e.g., —C(O)NR 2 .
• Some contemplated amino or amido groups include CH 2 NH 2 , CH(CH 3 )NH 2 , CH(CH 3 ) 2 NH 2 , CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 , CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 , CH 2 NHCH 3 , C(O)NHCH 3 , C(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 , CH 2 C(O)NHphenyl, CH 2 NHC(O)CH 3 , CH 2 NHCH 2 CH 2 OH, CH 2 NHCH 2 CO 2 H, CH 2 NH(CH 3 )CH 2 CO 2 CH 3 , CH 2 NHCH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , CH 2 NH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , CH 2 NH(CH 3 )CH 2 C(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 , CH 2 NH(CH 3 )NHCHCH
• antibodies form a family of plasma proteins known as immunoglobulins and comprise of immunoglobulin domains.
• immunoglobulins comprise of immunoglobulin domains.
• an antibody may be an IgG which is a “Y-shaped” structure of two identical pairs of polypeptide chains, each pair having one “light” (typically having a molecular weight of about 25 kDa) and one “heavy” chain (typically having a molecular weight of about 50-70 kDa).
• An antibody has a variable region and a constant region.
• the variable region is generally about 100-110 or more amino acids, comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs), is primarily responsible for antigen recognition, and substantially varies among other antibodies that bind to different antigens.
• the constant region allows the antibody to recruit cells and molecules of the immune system.
• variable region is made of the N-terminal regions of each light chain and heavy chain, while the constant region is made of the C-terminal portions of each of the heavy and light chains.
• CDRs of antibodies have been described in the art. Briefly, in an antibody scaffold, the CDRs are embedded within a framework in the heavy and light chain variable region where they constitute the regions largely responsible for antigen binding and recognition.
• a variable region typically comprises at least three heavy or light chain CDRs (Kabat et al., 1991, Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Public Health Service N.I.H., Bethesda, Md.; see also Chothia and Lesk, 1987, J. Mol. Biol.
• framework region designated framework regions 1-4, FR1, FR2, FR3, and FR4, by Kabat et al., 1991; see also Chothia and Lesk, 1987, supra).
• Antibodies can comprise any constant region known in the art. Human light chains are classified as kappa and lambda light chains. Heavy chains are classified as mu, delta, gamma, alpha, or epsilon, and define the antibody's isotype as IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA, and IgE, respectively.
• IgG has several subclasses, including, but not limited to IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4.
• IgM has subclasses, including, but not limited to, IgM1 and IgM2.
• Embodiments of the present disclosure include all such classes or isotypes of antibodies.
• the light chain constant region can be, for example, a kappa- or lambda-type light chain constant region, e.g., a human kappa- or lambda-type light chain constant region.
• the heavy chain constant region can be, for example, an alpha-, delta-, epsilon-, gamma-, or mu-type heavy chain constant regions, e.g., a human alpha-, delta-, epsilon-, gamma-, or mu-type heavy chain constant region.
• the antibody is an antibody of isotype IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, or IgM, including any one of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4.
• the antibody can be a monoclonal antibody or a polyclonal antibody.
• the antibody comprises a sequence that is substantially similar to a naturally-occurring antibody produced by a mammal, e.g., mouse, rabbit, goat, horse, chicken, hamster, human, and the like.
• the antibody can be considered as a mammalian antibody, e.g., a mouse antibody, rabbit antibody, goat antibody, horse antibody, chicken antibody, hamster antibody, human antibody, and the like.
• the antibody is a human antibody.
• the antibody is a chimeric antibody or a humanized antibody.
• the term “chimeric antibody” refers to an antibody containing domains from two or more different antibodies.
• a chimeric antibody can, for example, contain the constant domains from one species and the variable domains from a second, or more generally, can contain stretches of amino acid sequence from at least two species.
• a chimeric antibody also can contain domains of two or more different antibodies within the same species.
• the term “humanized” when used in relation to antibodies refers to antibodies having at least CDR regions from a non-human source which are engineered to have a structure and immunological function more similar to true human antibodies than the original source antibodies.
• humanizing can involve grafting a CDR from a non-human antibody, such as a mouse antibody, into a human antibody. Humanizing also can involve select amino acid substitutions to make a non-human sequence more similar to a human sequence.
• an antibody can be cleaved into fragments by enzymes, such as, e.g., papain and pepsin. Papain cleaves an antibody to produce two Fab fragments and a single Fc fragment. Pepsin cleaves an antibody to produce a F(ab′) 2 fragment and a pFc′ fragment.
• the term “antigen binding antibody fragment” refers to a portion of an antibody molecule that is capable of binding to the antigen of the antibody and is also known as “antigen-binding fragment” or “antigen-binding portion”. In exemplary instances, the antigen binding antibody fragment is a Fab fragment or a F(ab′)2 fragment.
• Antibody protein products include those based on the full antibody structure and those that mimic antibody fragments which retain full antigen-binding capacity, e.g., scFvs, Fabs and VHH/VH (discussed below).
• the smallest antigen binding antibody fragment that retains its complete antigen binding site is the Fv fragment, which consists entirely of variable (V) regions.
• a soluble, flexible amino acid peptide linker is used to connect the V regions to a scFv (single chain fragment variable) fragment for stabilization of the molecule, or the constant (C) domains are added to the V regions to generate a Fab fragment [fragment, antigen-binding].
• scFv and Fab fragments can be easily produced in host cells, e.g., prokaryotic host cells.
• ds-scFv disulfide-bond stabilized scFv
• scFab single chain Fab
• minibodies minibodies that comprise different formats consisting of scFvs linked to oligomerization domains.
• the smallest fragments are VHH/VH of camelid heavy chain Abs as well as single domain Abs (sdAb).
• the building block that is most frequently used to create novel antibody formats is the single-chain variable (V)-domain antibody fragment (scFv), which comprises V domains from the heavy and light chain (VH and VL domain) linked by a peptide linker of ⁇ 15 amino acid residues.
• a peptibody or peptide-Fc fusion is yet another antibody protein product.
• the structure of a peptibody consists of a biologically active peptide grafted onto an Fc domain.
• Peptibodies are well-described in the art. See, e.g., Shimamoto et al., mAbs 4(5): 586-591 (2012).
• bispecific antibodies can be divided into five major classes: BsIgG, appended IgG, BsAb fragments, bispecific fusion proteins and BsAb conjugates. See, e.g., Spiess et al., Molecular Immunology 67(2) Part A: 97-106 (2015).
• aryl refers to a C 6-14 monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic group, preferably a C 6-10 monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic group, or C 10-14 polycyclic aromatic group.
• aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, azulenyl, anthryl, phenanthryl, pyrenyl, biphenyl, and terphenyl.
• Aryl also refers to C 10-14 bicyclic and tricyclic carbon rings, where one ring is aromatic and the others are saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic, for example, dihydronaphthyl, indenyl, indanyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl (tetralinyl).
• an aryl group can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more, and in particular one to four, groups independently selected from, for example, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, —CF 3 , —OCF 3 , —NO 2 , —CN, —NC, —OH, alkoxy, amino, —CO 2 H, —CO 2 C 1 -C 6 alkyl, —OCOC 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C 5 -C 10 aryl, and C 5 -C 10 heteroaryl.
• cycloalkyl refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic non-aromatic carbocyclic ring, where the polycyclic ring can be fused, bridged, or spiro.
• the carbocyclic ring can have 3 to 10 carbon ring atoms.
• Contemplated carbocyclic rings include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, and cyclononyl.
• heterocycloalkyl means a monocyclic or polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic), saturated or partially unsaturated, ring system containing 3 or more (e.g., 3 to 12, 4 to 10, 4 to 8, or 5 to 7) total atoms, of which one to five (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) of the atoms are independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
• heterocycloalkyl groups include azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, dihydropyrrolyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, dihydropyridinyl, oxacycloheptyl, dioxacycloheptyl, thiacycloheptyl, and diazacycloheptyl.
• a cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more, and in particular one to four, groups.
• substituents include halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, —OCF 3 , —NO 2 , —CN, —NC, —OH, alkoxy, amino, —CO 2 H.
• heteroaryl refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system (for example, bicyclic) containing one to three aromatic rings and containing one to four (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur in an aromatic ring.
• the heteroaryl group has from 5 to 20, from 5 to 15, from 5 to 10 ring, or from 5 to 7 atoms.
• Heteroaryl also refers to C 10-14 bicyclic and tricyclic rings, where one ring is aromatic and the others are saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic.
• heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, furanyl, imidazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, thiadiazolyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, triazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzopyranyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothienyl, benzothiophenyl, benzotriazolyl, benzoxazolyl, furopyridyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazothiazolyl, indolizinyl, indolyl, indazolyl, isobenzofur
• a heteroaryl group can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more, and in particular one to four or one or two, substituents.
• Contemplated substituents include halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, —OCF 3 , —NO 2 , —CN, —NC, —OH, alkoxy, amino, —CO 2 H, —CO 2 C 1 -C 6 alkyl, —OCOC 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C 5 -C 10 aryl, and C 5 -C 10 heteroaryl.
• Boc refers to the structure
• trifluoroacetamide refers to the structure
• trityl refers to the structure
• tosyl refers to the structure
• Troc refers to the structure
• Teoc refers to the structure
• Alloc refers to the structure
• Fmoc refers to the structure
• the compounds disclosed herein include all pharmaceutically acceptable isotopically-labeled compounds wherein one or more atoms of the compounds disclosed herein are replaced by atoms having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number usually found in nature.
• isotopes that can be incorporated into the disclosed compounds include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine, chlorine, and iodine, such as 2 H, 3 H, 11 C, 14 C, 13 N, 15 N, 15 O, 17 O, 18 O, 31 P, 32 P, 35 S, 18 F, 36 Cl, 123 I, and 125 I, respectively.
• radiolabelled compounds could be useful to help determine or measure the effectiveness of the compounds, by characterizing, for example, the site or mode of action, or binding affinity to pharmacologically important site of action.
• Certain isotopically-labeled compounds of the disclosure for example, those incorporating a radioactive isotope, are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution studies.
• the radioactive isotopes tritium, i.e. 3 H, and carbon-14, i.e. 14 C, are particularly useful for this purpose in view of their ease of incorporation and ready means of detection.
• substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium, i.e. 2 H, may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example, increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements, and hence are preferred in some circumstances.
• Isotopically-labeled compounds of structure (I) can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the Preparations and Examples as set out below using an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagent previously employed.
• Isotopically-labeled compounds as disclosed herein can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the accompanying examples and schemes using an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagent previously employed.
• Certain of the compounds as disclosed herein may exist as stereoisomers (i.e., isomers that differ only in the spatial arrangement of atoms) including optical isomers and conformational isomers (or conformers).
• the compounds disclosed herein include all stereoisomers, both as pure individual stereoisomer preparations and enriched preparations of each, and both the racemic mixtures of such stereoisomers as well as the individual diastereomers and enantiomers that may be separated according to methods that are known to those skilled in the art. Additionally, the compounds disclosed herein include all tautomeric forms of the compounds.
• Certain of the compounds disclosed herein may exist as atropisomers, which are conformational stereoisomers that occur when rotation about a single bond in the molecule is prevented, or greatly slowed, as a result of steric interactions with other parts of the molecule.
• the compounds disclosed herein include all atropisomers, both as pure individual atropisomer preparations, enriched preparations of each, or a non-specific mixture of each. Where the rotational barrier about the single bond is high enough, and interconversion between conformations is slow enough, separation and isolation of the isomeric species may be permitted.
• groups such as, but not limited to, the following R 8 group
• the present invention comprises a compound having a structure of formula (I)
• E 1 and E 2 are each independently N or CR 1 ;
• R 1 is independently H, hydroxy, —C 1-6 alkyl, —C 1-6 haloalkyl, —C 1-6 alkoxy, —NH—C 1-6 alkyl, —N(C 1-4 alkyl) 2 , cyano, or halo;
• R 2 is halo, —C 1-6 alkyl, —C 1-6 haloalkyl, —OR 2a , —N(R a ) 2 , —C 2-6 alkenyl, —C 2-6 alkynyl, —C 0-3 alkylene-C 3-14 cycloalkyl, —C 0-3 alkylene-C 2-14 heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —C 0-3 alkylene-C 6-14 aryl, or —C 0-3 alkylene-C 2-14 heteroaryl, and each R 8 is independently H, —C 1-6 alkyl, —C 1-6 haloalkyl, —C 3-14 cycloalkyl, —C 2-14 heterocycloalkyl, —C 2-6 alkenyl, —C 2-6 alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R 2a substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached
• R 3 is halo, —C 1-6 alkyl, —C 1-6 haloalkyl, —C 1-6 alkoxy, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, —C 2-14 heterocycloalkyl, —C 2-6 alkenyl, —C 2-6 alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
• ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring;
• L is a bond, —C 1-6 alkylene, —O—C 0-6 alkylene, —S—C 0-6 alkylene, or —NH—C 0-6 alkylene, and for —C 2-6 alkylene, —O—C 2-6 alkylene, —S—C 2-6 alkylene, and NH—C 2-6 alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH;
• R 4a is H, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 1-6 alkylene-O—C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-6 alkylene-OH, C 1-6 haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, C 0-3 alkylene-C 3-14 cycloalkyl, C 0-3 alkylene-C 2-14 heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C 0-3 alkylene-C 6-14 aryl, or selected from
• R 5 and R 6 are each independently H, halo, —C 1-6 alkyl, —C 2-6 alkynyl, —C 1-6 alkylene-O—C 1-4 alkyl, —C 1-6 alkylene-OH, —C 1-6 haloalkyl, —C 1-6 alkyleneamine, —C 0-6 alkylene-amide, —C 0-3 alkylene-C(O)OH, —C 0-3 alkylene-C(O)OC 1-4 alkyl, —C 1-6 alkylene-O-aryl, —C 0-3 alkylene-C(O)C 1-4 alkylene-OH, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C 0-3 alkylene-C 3-14 cycloalkyl, —C 0-3 alkylene-C 2-14 heterocycloalkyl, —C 0-3 alkylene-C 6-14 aryl, —C 0-3
• R 7 is H or C 1-6 alkyl, or R 7 and R 5 , together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring;
• R 8 is H, —C 1-6 alkyl, —C 0-3 alkylene-C 6-4 aryl, —C 0-3 alkylene-C 3-14 heteroaryl, —C 0-3 alkylene-C 3-14 cycloalkyl, —C 0-3 alkylene-C 2-14 heterocycloalkyl, —C 1-6 alkoxy, —O—C 0-3 alkylene-C 6-14 aryl, —O—C 0-3 alkylene-C 3-14 heteroaryl, —O—C 0-3 alkylene-C 3-14 cycloalkyl, —O—C 0-3 alkylene-C 2-14 heterocycloalkyl, —NH—C 1-8 alkyl, —N(C 1-4 alkyl) 2 , —NH—C 0-3 alkylene-C 6-14 aryl, —NH—C 0-3 alkylene-C 2-14 heteroaryl, —NH—C 0-3 alkylene-
• heteroaryl, spiroheterocycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl groups of any of the R 2 , R 2a , R 3 , R 4 , R 4a , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 substituents have 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N or S, wherein the cycloalkyl, spirocycloalkyl, spiroheterocycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl groups may include a C ⁇ O group, and further wherein the spiroheterocycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl groups may include a S ⁇ O or SO 2 ;
• —C 1-6 alkyl, —C 2-6 alkenyl, —C 2-6 alkynyl and the —OC 1-6 alkyl of any of the R 1 , R 2 , R 2a , R 3 , R 4a , L, R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 substituents is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 R 9 substituents independently selected from OH, —OC 1-6 alkyl, —C 1-6 alkyl-O—C 1-6 alkyl, halo, —O-haloC 1-6 alkyl, —CN, —NR a R b , —(NR a R b R c ) n , —OSO 2 R a , —SO 2 R a , —(CH 2 CH 2 O) n CH 3 , -( ⁇ O), —C( ⁇ O),
• aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl group of any of the R 1 , R 2 , R 28 , R 3 , R 4 , R 4a , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 substituents can be unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R 10 substituents independently selected from OH, halo, —NR c R d , —C 1-6 alkyl, —OC 1-6 alkyl, —C 1-6 alkyl-OH, —C 1-6 alkyl-O—C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, —O-haloC 1-6 -alkyl, —SO 2 R c , —CN.
• —C( ⁇ O)NR c R d —C( ⁇ O)R c , —OC( ⁇ O)R a , —C( ⁇ O)OR c , a 6- to 12-membered aryl or heteroaryl, a 5- to 12-membered spirocycloalkyl or spiroheterocycloalkyl, a 3- to 12-membered cycloalkenyl, a 3- to 12-membered monocyclic or bicyclic cycloalkyl, or a 3- to 12-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocycloalkyl group, wherein the heteroaryl, spiroheterocycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl groups of R 10 have 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N or S, wherein the cycloalkyl, spirocycloalkyl, and spiroheterocycloalkyl groups of R 10 or the heterocycloalkyl group
• each R a , R b , R c and R d is independently hydrogen, OH, —C 1-6 alkyl, —(CH 2 CH 2 O) n CH 3 , —NR 11 R 11 , —C 1-6 alkyl-NR 11 R 11 , phenyl, —C 1-6 alkyl-C( ⁇ O)OH, —C 1-6 alkyl-C( ⁇ O)—O—C 1-6 alkyl, —C 1-6 alkyl-3- to 12-membered cycloalkyl, —C 1-6 alkyl-3- to 12-membered heterocycloalkyl, —C 1-6 alkyl-6- to 12-membered heteroaryl, a 6- to 12-membered aryl or heteroaryl, a 3- to 12-membered monocyclic or bicyclic cycloalkyl, or a 3- to 12-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocycloalkyl group, wherein the heteroaryl group, heterocyclo
• each R 12 is independently selected from H, OH, halo, —C 1-6 alkyl, N(CH 3 ) 2 , —C 1-6 haloalkyl, C( ⁇ O)CH 3 , —C( ⁇ O)OCH 3 , or —C 1-6 alkyl-O—C 1-6 alkyl; or
• the present invention comprises a compound of embodiment 1 having a structure of formula (Ia)
• the present invention comprises a compound of embodiment 1 wherein E 1 is N.
• the present invention comprises a compound of embodiment 1 wherein E 2 is CR 1 .
• the present invention comprises a compound of embodiment 4 wherein R 1 is H.
• the present invention comprises a compound of embodiment 6 wherein R 2 is a substituted aryl.
• the present invention comprises a compound of embodiment 6 wherein R 2 is a fluorinated phenyl.
• the present invention comprises a compound of embodiment 6 wherein R 2 is C 1 .
• the present invention comprises a compound of embodiment 6 wherein R 2 is
• the present invention comprises a compound of embodiment 6 wherein R 2 is
• the present invention comprises a compound of any of one of embodiments 1-11 wherein R 3 is halo.
• the present invention comprises a compound of embodiment 12 wherein R 3 is Cl.
• the present invention comprises a compound of embodiment 12 wherein R 3 is F.
• the present invention comprises a compound of any of one of embodiments 1-14 wherein R 4 is
• the present invention comprises a compound of embodiment 15 wherein L is a bond.
• the present invention comprises a compound of embodiment 15 wherein ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring.
• the present invention comprises a compound of embodiment 17 wherein A is an unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle.
• the present invention comprises a compound of any one of embodiments 1-18, wherein R 4 is selected from the group consisting of
• the present invention comprises a compound of embodiment 19, wherein R 4 is
• the present invention comprises a compound of embodiment 19, wherein R 4 is
• the present invention comprises a compound of embodiment 19, wherein R 4 is
• the present invention comprises a compound of any of one of embodiments 1-22 wherein R 8 is —C 0-3 alkylene-C 6-14 aryl, or —C 0-3 alkylene-C 3-14 heteroaryl.
• the present invention comprises a compound of claim 23 wherein R 8 is —C 3-14 heteroaryl.
• the present invention comprises a compound of embodiment 23, wherein R 8 is selected from the group consisting of
• the present invention comprises a compound having a structure selected from the formula:
• the present invention comprises a compound of any one of embodiments 1-26 in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
• the present invention comprises a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of embodiments 1-27 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• the present invention comprises a method of inhibiting KRAS G12C in a cell, comprising contacting the cell with the compound of any one of embodiments 1-27 or the composition of embodiment 28.
• the present invention comprises a method of treating cancer in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of any one of embodiments 1-26 or the composition of embodiment 27.
• the present invention comprises the method of embodiment 30, wherein the cancer is lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, or colorectal cancer.
• the present invention comprises the method of embodiment 31, wherein the cancer is lung cancer.
• the present invention comprises the method of embodiment 31, wherein the cancer is pancreatic cancer.
• the present invention comprises the method of embodiment 31, wherein the cancer is colorectal cancer.
• the present invention comprises the method of embodiment 30, further comprising administering to the patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of one or more additional pharmaceutically active compounds.
• the present invention comprises the method of embodiment 35, wherein the one or more additional pharmaceutically active compounds is an anti-PD-1 antibody.
• the present invention comprises the method of embodiment 36, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody is pembrolizumab.
• the present invention comprises the method of embodiment 36, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody is niolumab.
• the present invention comprises the method of embodiment 35, wherein the one or more additional pharmaceutically active compounds is an MCI-1 inhibitor.
• the present invention comprises the method of claim 35 , wherein the one or more additional pharmaceutically active compounds is a MEK inhibitor.
• the present invention comprises the method of embodiment 35, wherein the one or more additional pharmaceutically active compounds is daratumumab.
• the present invention comprises the method of embodiment 35, wherein the one or more additional pharmaceutically active compounds is an immunomodulatory agent.
• the present invention comprises the use of a compound according to any one of embodiments 1-27 for treating cancer in a subject.
• the present invention comprises the compound according to any one of embodiments 1-27 in the preparation of a medicament for treating cancer.
• the present invention comprises the compound according to embodiment 44, wherein the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer.
• compositions that include a compound as disclosed herein, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, such as, for example, a diluent or carrier.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient such as, for example, a diluent or carrier.
• Compounds and pharmaceutical compositions suitable for use in the present invention include those wherein the compound can be administered in an effective amount to achieve its intended purpose. Administration of the compound is described in more detail below.
• Suitable pharmaceutical formulations can be determined by the skilled artisan depending on the route of administration and the desired dosage. See, e.g., Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1435-712 (18th ed., Mack Publishing Co, Easton, Pa., 1990). Formulations may influence the physical state, stability, rate of in vivo release and rate of in vivo clearance of the administered agents. Depending on the route of administration, a suitable dose may be calculated according to body weight, body surface areas or organ size. Further refinement of the calculations necessary to determine the appropriate treatment dose is routinely made by those of ordinary skill in the art without undue experimentation, especially in light of the dosage information and assays disclosed herein as well as the pharmacokinetic data obtainable through animal or human clinical trials.
• phrases “pharmaceutically acceptable” or “pharmacologically acceptable” refer to molecular entities and compositions that do not produce adverse, allergic, or other untoward reactions when administered to an animal or a human.
• pharmaceutically acceptable includes any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents and the like.
• the use of such excipients for pharmaceutically active substances is well known in the art. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with the therapeutic compositions, its use in therapeutic compositions is contemplated. Supplementary active ingredients also can be incorporated into the compositions.
• the formulation may comprise corn syrup solids, high-oleic safflower oil, coconut oil, soy oil, L-leucine, calcium phosphate tribasic, L-tyrosine, L-proline, L-lysine acetate, DATEM (an emulsifier).
• the compound can be present in a pharmaceutical composition as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, for example base addition salts and acid addition salts.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts may be formed with metals or amines, such as alkali and alkaline earth metals or organic amines.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds may also be prepared with a pharmaceutically acceptable cation. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable cations are well known to those skilled in the art and include alkaline, alkaline earth, ammonium and quaternary ammonium cations. Carbonates or hydrogen carbonates are also possible. Examples of metals used as cations are sodium, potassium, magnesium, ammonium, calcium, or ferric, and the like.
• Suitable amines include isopropylamine, trimethylamine, histidine, N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, ethylenediamine, N-methylglucamine, and procaine.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include inorganic or organic acid salts.
• suitable acid salts include the hydrochlorides, formates, acetates, citrates, salicylates, nitrates, phosphates.
• Other suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known to those skilled in the art and include, for example, formic, acetic, citric, oxalic, tartaric, or mandelic acids, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid; with organic carboxylic, sulfonic, sulfo or phospho acids or N-substituted sulfamic acids, for example acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), propionic acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, hydroxymaleic acid, methylmaleic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, gluconic acid, glucaric acid, glucuronic
• compositions containing the compounds disclosed herein can be manufactured in a conventional manner, e.g., by conventional mixing, dissolving, granulating, dragee-making, levigating, emulsifying, encapsulating, entrapping, or lyophilizing processes. Proper formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen.
• compositions can be formulated readily by combining a compound disclosed herein with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as carriers well known in the art.
• excipients and carriers enable the present compounds to be formulated as tablets, pills, dragees, capsules, liquids, gels, syrups, slurries, suspensions and the like, for oral ingestion by a patient to be treated.
• Pharmaceutical preparations for oral use can be obtained by adding a compound as disclosed herein with a solid excipient, optionally grinding a resulting mixture, and processing the mixture of granules, after adding suitable auxiliaries, if desired, to obtain tablets or dragee cores.
• Suitable excipients include, for example, fillers and cellulose preparations.
• disintegrating agents can be added.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable ingredients are well known for the various types of formulation and may be for example binders (e.g., natural or synthetic polymers), lubricants, surfactants, sweetening and flavoring agents, coating materials, preservatives, dyes, thickeners, adjuvants, antimicrobial agents, antioxidants and carriers for the various formulation types.
• the composition typically is in the form of a solid (e.g., tablet capsule, pill, powder, or trochc) or a liquid formulation (e.g., aqueous suspension, solution, elixir, or syrup).
• a solid e.g., tablet capsule, pill, powder, or trochc
• a liquid formulation e.g., aqueous suspension, solution, elixir, or syrup.
• the composition can additionally contain a functional solid and/or solid carrier, such as a gelatin or an adjuvant.
• a functional solid and/or solid carrier such as a gelatin or an adjuvant.
• the tablet, capsule, and powder can contain about 1 to about 95% compound, and preferably from about 15 to about 90% compound.
• a functional liquid and/or a liquid carrier such as water, petroleum, or oils of animal or plant origin can be added.
• the liquid form of the composition can further contain physiological saline solution, sugar alcohol solutions, dextrose or other saccharide solutions, or glycols.
• the composition can contain about 0.5 to about 90% by weight of a compound disclosed herein, and preferably about 1 to about 50% of a compound disclosed herein.
• the liquid carrier is non-aqueous or substantially non-aqueous.
• the composition may be supplied as a rapidly-dissolving solid formulation for dissolution or suspension immediately prior to administration.
• compositions When a therapeutically effective amount of a compound disclosed herein is administered by intravenous, cutaneous, or subcutaneous injection, the composition is in the form of a pyrogen-free, parenterally acceptable aqueous solution.
• parenterally acceptable solutions having due regard to pH, isotonicity, stability, and the like, is within the skill in the art.
• a preferred composition for intravenous, cutaneous, or subcutaneous injection typically contains, in addition to a compound disclosed herein, an isotonic vehicle.
• Such compositions may be prepared for administration as solutions of free base or pharmacologically acceptable salts in water suitably mixed with a surfactant, such as hydroxypropylcellulose.
• Dispersions also can be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols, and mixtures thereof and in oils. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations can optionally contain a preservative to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
• Injectable compositions can include sterile aqueous solutions, suspensions, or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions, suspensions, or dispersions.
• the form must be sterile and must be fluid to the extent that easy syringability exists. It must be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and must resist the contaminating action of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, by optional inclusion of a preservative.
• the carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (e.g., glycerol, propylene glycol, and liquid polyethylene glycol, and the like), suitable mixtures thereof, and vegetable oils.
• the carrier is non-aqueous or substantially non-aqueous.
• the proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating, such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size of the compound in the embodiment of dispersion and by the use of surfhctants.
• the prevention of the action of microorganisms can be brought about by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like.
• Prolonged absorption of the injectable compositions can be brought about by the use in the compositions of agents delaying absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and gelatin.
• Sterile injectable solutions are prepared by incorporating the active compounds in the required amount in the appropriate solvent with various of the other ingredients enumerated above, as required, followed by filtered sterilization.
• dispersions are prepared by incorporating the various sterilized active ingredients into a sterile vehicle which contains the basic dispersion medium and the required other ingredients from those enumerated above.
• the preferred methods of preparation are vacuum-drying and freeze-drying techniques which yield a powder of the active ingredient plus any additional desired ingredient from a previously sterile-filtered solution thereof.
• Slow release or sustained release formulations may also be prepared in order to achieve a controlled release of the active compound in contact with the body fluids in the GI tract, and to provide a substantially constant and effective level of the active compound in the blood plasma.
• release can be controlled by one or more of dissolution, diffusion, and ion-exchange.
• the slow release approach may enhance absorption via saturable or limiting pathways within the GI tract.
• the compound may be embedded for this purpose in a polymer matrix of a biological degradable polymer, a water-soluble polymer or a mixture of both, and optionally suitable surfactants. Embedding can mean in this context the incorporation of micro-particles in a matrix of polymers. Controlled release formulations are also obtained through encapsulation of dispersed micro-particles or emulsified micro-droplets via known dispersion or emulsion coating technologies.
• compounds of the present invention are conveniently delivered in the form of an aerosol spray presentation from pressurized packs or a nebulizer, with the use of a suitable propellant.
• the dosage unit can be determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount.
• Capsules and cartridges of, e.g., gelatin, for use in an inhaler or insufflator can be formulated containing a powder mix of the compound and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch.
• compositions can take such forms as suspensions, solutions, or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and can contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing, and/or dispersing agents.
• compositions for parenteral administration include aqueous solutions of the compounds in water-soluble form.
• suspensions of the compounds can be prepared as appropriate oily injection suspensions.
• Suitable lipophilic solvents or vehicles include fatty oils or synthetic fatty acid esters.
• Aqueous injection suspensions can contain substances which increase the viscosity of the suspension.
• the suspension also can contain suitable stabilizers or agents that increase the solubility of the compounds and allow for the preparation of highly concentrated solutions.
• a present composition can be in powder form for constitution with a suitable vehicle (e.g., sterile pyrogen-free water) before use.
• Compounds disclosed herein also can be formulated in rectal compositions, such as suppositories or retention enemas (e.g., containing conventional suppository bases).
• the compounds also can be formulated as a depot preparation.
• Such long-acting formulations can be administered by implantation (e.g., subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or by intramuscular injection.
• the compounds can be formulated with suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials (for example, as an emulsion in an acceptable oil) or ion exchange resins, or as sparingly soluble derivatives, for example, as a sparingly soluble salt.
• a compound disclosed herein can be administered orally, buccally, or sublingually in the form of tablets containing excipients, such as starch or lactose, or in capsules or ovules, either alone or in admixture with excipients, or in the form of elixirs or suspensions containing flavoring or coloring agents.
• excipients such as starch or lactose
• capsules or ovules either alone or in admixture with excipients, or in the form of elixirs or suspensions containing flavoring or coloring agents.
• Such liquid preparations can be prepared with pharmaceutically acceptable additives, such as suspending agents.
• a compound also can be injected parenterally, for example, intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, or intracoronarily.
• the compound is best used in the form of a sterile aqueous solution which can contain other substances, for example, salts, or sugar alcohols, such as mannitol, or glucose, to make the solution isotonic with blood.
• a sterile aqueous solution which can contain other substances, for example, salts, or sugar alcohols, such as mannitol, or glucose, to make the solution isotonic with blood.
• a compound disclosed herein is administered as a suitably acceptable formulation in accordance with normal veterinary practice.
• the veterinarian can readily determine the dosing regimen and route of administration that is most appropriate for a particular animal.
• kits for use in the therapeutic intervention of the disease comprising a packaged set of medicaments that include the compound disclosed herein as well as buffers and other components for preparing deliverable forms of said medicaments, and/or devices for delivering such medicaments, and/or any agents that are used in combination therapy with the compound disclosed herein, and/or instructions for the treatment of the disease packaged with the medicaments.
• the instructions may be fixed in any tangible medium, such as printed paper, or a computer readable magnetic or optical medium, or instructions to reference a remote computer data source such as a world wide web page accessible via the internet.
• a “therapeutically effective amount” means an amount effective to treat or to prevent development of, or to alleviate the existing symptoms of, the subject being treated. Determination of the effective amounts is well within the capability of those skilled in the art, especially in light of the detailed disclosure provided herein. Generally, a “therapeutically effective dose” refers to that amount of the compound that results in achieving the desired effect.
• a therapeutically effective amount of a compound disclosed herein decreases KRAS activity by at least 5%, compared to control, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, or at least 90%.
• the amount of compound administered can be dependent on the subject being treated, on the subject's age, health, sex, and weight, the kind of concurrent treatment (if any), severity of the affliction, the nature of the effect desired, the manner and frequency of treatment, and the judgment of the prescribing physician.
• the frequency of dosing also can be dependent on pharmacodynamic effects on arterial oxygen pressures.
• the most preferred dosage can be tailored to the individual subject, as is understood and determinable by one of skill in the art, without undue experimentation. This typically involves adjustment of a standard dose (e.g., reduction of the dose if the patient has a low body weight).
• typical dosages of the compounds of the present invention can be about 0.05 mg/kg/day to about 50 mg/kg/day, for example at least 0.05 mg/kg, at least 0.08 mg/kg, at least 0.1 mg/kg, at least 0.2 mg/kg, at least 0.3 mg/kg, at least 0.4 mg/kg, or at least 0.5 mg/kg, and preferably 50 mg/kg or less, 40 mg/kg or less, 30 mg/kg or less, 20 mg/kg or less, or 10 mg/kg or less, which can be about 2.5 mg/day (0.5 mg/kg ⁇ 5 kg) to about 5000 mg/day (50 mg/kg ⁇ 100 kg), for example.
• dosages of the compounds can be about 0.1 mg/kg/day to about 50 mg/kg/day, about 0.05 mg/kg/day to about 10 mg/kg/day, about 0.05 mg/kg/day to about 5 mg/kg/day, about 0.05 mg/kg/day to about 3 mg/kg/day, about 0.07 mg/kg/day to about 3 mg/kg/day, about 0.09 mg/kg/day to about 3 mg/kg/day, about 0.05 mg/kg/day to about 0.1 mg/kg/day, about 0.1 mg/kg/day to about 1 mg/kg/day, about 1 mg/kg/day to about 10 mg/kg/day, about 1 mg/kg/day to about 5 mg/kg/day, about 1 mg/kg/day to about 3 mg/kg/day, about 3 mg/day to about 1500 mg/day, about 5 mg/day to about 1000 mg/day, about 10 mg/day to about 750 mg/day, about 3 mg/day to about 350 mg/day, or about 100 mg/day to about 250 mg/day,
• the present disclosure provides a method of inhibiting RAS-mediated cell signaling comprising contacting a cell with an effective amount of one or more compounds disclosed herein. Inhibition of RAS-mediated signal transduction can be assessed and demonstrated by a wide varietv of ways known in the art.
• Non-limiting examples include a showing of (a) a decrease in GTPase activity of RAS: (b) a decrease in GTP binding affinity or an increase in GDP binding affinity: (c) an increase in K off of GTP or a decrease in K off of GDP; (d) a decrease in the levels of signaling transduction molecules downstream in the RAS pathway, such as a decrease in pMEK, pERK, or pAKT levels; and/or (e) a decrease in binding of RAS complex to downstream signaling molecules including but not limited to Raf. Kits and commercially available assays can be utilized for determining one or more of the above.
• the disclosure also provides methods of using the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure to treat disease conditions, including but not limited to conditions implicated by G12C KRAS, HRAS or NRAS mutation (e.g., cancer).
• a method for treatment of cancer comprising administering an effective amount of any of the foregoing pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound as disclosed herein to a subject in need thereof.
• the cancer is mediated by a KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutation.
• the cancer is pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer or lung cancer.
• the cancer is gall bladder cancer, thyroid cancer, and bile duct cancer.
• the disclosure provides method of treating a disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the said method comprises determining if the subject has a KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutation and if the subject is determined to have the KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutation, then administering to the subject a therapeutically effective dose of at least one compound as disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the disclosed compounds inhibit anchorage-independent cell growth and therefore have the potential to inhibit tumor metastasis. Accordingly, another embodiment the disclosure provides a method for inhibiting tumor metastasis, the method comprising administering an effective amount a compound disclosed herein.
• KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutations have also been identified in hematological malignancies (e.g., cancers that affect blood, bone marrow and/or lymph nodes). Accordingly, certain embodiments are directed to administration of a disclosed compounds (e.g., in the form of a pharmaceutical composition) to a patient in need of treatment of a hematological malignancy.
• hematological malignancies e.g., cancers that affect blood, bone marrow and/or lymph nodes.
• Such malignancies include, but are not limited to leukemias and lymphomas.
• the presently disclosed compounds can be used for treatment of diseases such as Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), Chronic myclogenous leukemia (CML), Acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) and/or other leukemias.
• ALL Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
• AML Acute myelogenous leukemia
• CLL Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
• SLL small lymphocytic lymphoma
• CML Chronic myclogenous leukemia
• the compounds are useful for treatment of lymphomas such as all subtypes of Hodgkins lymphoma or non-Hodgkins lymphoma.
• the compounds are useful for treatment of plasma cell malignancies such as multiple myeloma, mantle cell lymphoma, and Waldenstrom'
• Determining whether a tumor or cancer comprises a G12C KRAS, HRAS or NRAS mutation can be undertaken by assessing the nucleotide sequence encoding the KRAS, HRAS or NRAS protein, by assessing the amino acid sequence of the KRAS, HRAS or NRAS protein, or by assessing the characteristics of a putative KRAS, HRAS or NRAS mutant protein.
• the sequence of wild-type human KRAS, HRAS or NRAS is known in the art, (e.g. Accession No. NP203524).
• PCR-RFLP polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism
• PCR-SSCP polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism
• MASA mutant allele-specific PCR amplification
• samples are evaluated for G12C KRAS, HRAS or NRAS mutations by real-time PCR.
• real-time PCR fluorescent probes specific for the KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutation are used. When a mutation is present, the probe binds and fluorescence is detected.
• the KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutation is identified using a direct sequencing method of specific regions (e.g., exon 2 and/or exon 3) in the KRAS, HRAS or NRAS gene. This technique will identify all possible mutations in the region sequenced.
• Methods for detecting a mutation in a KRAS, HRAS or NRAS protein are known by those of skill in the art. These methods include, but are not limited to, detection of a KRAS, HRAS or NRAS mutant using a binding agent (e.g., an antibody) specific for the mutant protein, protein electrophoresis and Western blotting, and direct peptide sequencing.
• a binding agent e.g., an antibody
• Methods for determining whether a tumor or cancer comprises a G12C KRAS, HRAS or NRAS mutation can use a variety of samples.
• the sample is taken from a subject having a tumor or cancer.
• the sample is a fresh tumor/cancer sample.
• the sample is a frozen tumor/cancer sample.
• the sample is a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sample.
• the sample is a circulating tumor cell (CTC) sample.
• the sample is processed to a cell lysate.
• the sample is processed to DNA or RNA.
• the disclosure also relates to a method of treating a hyperproliferative disorder in a mammal that comprises administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• said method relates to the treatment of a subject who suffers from a cancer such as acute myeloid leukemia, cancer in adolescents, adrenocortical carcinoma childhood, AIDS-related cancers (e.g.
• Lymphoma and Kaposi's Sarcoma anal cancer, appendix cancer, astrocytomas, atypical teratoid, basal cell carcinoma, bile duct cancer, bladder cancer, bone cancer, brain stem glioma, brain tumor, breast cancer, bronchial tumors, Burkitt lymphoma, carcinoid tumor, atypical teratoid, embryonal tumors, germ cell tumor, primary lymphoma, cervical cancer, childhood cancers, chordoma, cardiac tumors, chronic lyvmphocvtic leukemia (CLL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), chronic myleoproliferative disorders, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, craniopharyngioma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, extrahepatic ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), embryonal tumors, CNS cancer, endometrial cancer, ependymoma, esophageal cancer, esthesioneuroblastom
• said method relates to the treatment of a non-cancerous hyperproliferative disorder such as benign hyperplasia of the skin (e. g., psoriasis), restenosis, or prostate (e. g., benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)).
• a non-cancerous hyperproliferative disorder such as benign hyperplasia of the skin (e. g., psoriasis), restenosis, or prostate (e. g., benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)).
• the methods for treatment are directed to treating lung cancers, the methods comprise administering an effective amount of any of the above described compound (or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same) to a subject in need thereof.
• the lung cancer is a non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), for example adenocarcinoma, squamous-cell lung carcinoma or large-cell lung carcinoma.
• the lung cancer is a small cell lung carcinoma.
• Other lung cancers treatable with the disclosed compounds include, but are not limited to, glandular tumors, carcinoid tumors and undifferentiated carcinomas.
• the disclosure further provides methods of modulating a G12C Mutant KRAS, HRAS or NRAS protein activity by contacting the protein with an effective amount of a compound of the disclosure. Modulation can be inhibiting or activating protein activity. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides methods of inhibiting protein activity by contacting the G12C Mutant KRAS, HRAS or NRAS protein with an effective amount of a compound of the disclosure in solution. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides methods of inhibiting the G12C Mutant KRAS, HRAS or NRAS protein activity by contacting a cell, tissue, or organ that expresses the protein of interest.
• the disclosure provides methods of inhibiting protein activity in subject including but not limited to rodents and mammal (e.g., human) by administering into the subject an effective amount of a compound of the disclosure.
• the percentage modulation exceeds 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%.
• the percentage of inhibiting exceeds 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%.
• the disclosure provides methods of inhibiting KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C activity in a cell by contacting said cell with an amount of a compound of the disclosure sufficient to inhibit the activity of KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C in said cell. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides methods of inhibiting KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C activity in a tissue by contacting said tissue with an amount of a compound of the disclosure sufficient to inhibit the activity of KRAS. HRAS or NRAS G12C in said tissue.
• the disclosure provides methods of inhibiting KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C activity in an organism by contacting said organism with an amount of a compound of the disclosure sufficient to inhibit the activity of KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C in said organism. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides methods of inhibiting KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C activity in an animal by contacting said animal with an amount of a compound of the disclosure sufficient to inhibit the activity of KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C in said animal.
• the disclosure provides methods of inhibiting KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C activity in a mammal by contacting said mammal with an amount of a compound of the disclosure sufficient to inhibit the activity of KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C in said mammal. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides methods of inhibiting KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C activity in a human by contacting said human with an amount of a compound of the disclosure sufficient to inhibit the activity of KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C in said human. The present disclosure provides methods of treating a disease mediated by KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C activity in a subject in need of such treatment.
• the present disclosure also provides methods for combination therapies in which an agent known to modulate other pathways, or other components of the same pathway, or even overlapping sets of target enzymes are used in combination with a compound of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• such therapy includes but is not limited to the combination of one or more compounds of the disclosure with chemotherapeutic agents, therapeutic antibodies, and radiation treatment, to provide a synergistic or additive therapeutic effect.
• chemotherapeutics are presently known in the art and can be used in combination with the compounds of the disclosure.
• the chemotherapeutic is selected from the group consisting of mitotic inhibitors, alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, intercalating antibiotics, growth factor inhibitors, cell cycle inhibitors, enzymes, topoisomerase inhibitors, biological response modifiers, anti-hormones, angiogenesis inhibitors, and anti-androgens.
• Non-limiting examples are chemotherapeutic agents, cytotoxic agents, and non-peptide small molecules such as Gleevec® (Imatinib Mesylate), Kyprolis® (carfilzomib).
• Velcade® (bortezomib), Casodex (bicalutamide), Iressa® (gefitinib), VenclextaTM (venetoclax) and AdriamycinTM, (docorubicin) as well as a host of chemotherapeutic agents.
• Non-limiting examples of chemotherapeutic agents include alkylating agents such as thiotepa and cyclosphosphamide (CytoxanTM); alkyl sulfonates such as busulfan, improsulfan and piposulfan; aziridines such as benzodopa, carboquone, meturedopa, and uredopa; ethylenimines and methylamelamines including altretamine, triethylenemelamine, trietylenephosphoramide, triethylenethiophosphaoramide and trimethylolomelamine; nitrogen mustards such as chlorambucil, chlomaphazine, chlorocyclophosphamide, estramustine, ifosfamidc, mechlorethamine, mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride, melphalan, novembichin, phenesterine, prednimustine, trofosfamide, uracil mustard, nitrosure
• chemotherapeutic cell conditioners are anti-hormonal agents that act to regulate or inhibit hormone action on tumors such as anti-estrogens including for example tamoxifen, (NolvadexTM), raloxifene, aromatase inhibiting 4(5)-imidazoles, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, trioxifene, keoxifene, LY 117018, onapristone, and toremifene (Fareston); and anti-androgens such as flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, leuprolide, and goserelin; chlorambucil; gemcitabine; 6-thioguanine; mercaptopurine; methotrexate; platinum analogs such as cisplatin and carboplatin; vinblastine; platinum; etoposide (VP-16); ifosfamide; mitomycin C; mitoxantrone; vincristine; vinorelbine; navelbine;
• the compounds or pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be used in combination with commonly prescribed anti-cancer drugs such as Hcrccptin®, Avastin®, Erbitux®, Rituxan®, Taxol®, Arimidex®, Taxoter®, ABVD, AVICINE, Abagovomab, Acridine carboxamide, Adecatumumab, 17-N-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, Alpharadin, Alvocidib, 3-Aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone. Amonafide, Anthracenedione, Anti-CD22 immunotoxins, Antineoplastic, Antitumorigenic herbs, Apaziquone.
• anti-cancer drugs such as Hcrccptin®, Avastin®, Erbitux®, Rituxan®, Taxol®, Arimidex®, Taxoter®, ABVD, AVICINE, Abagovoma
• Atiprimod Azathioprine, Belotecan, Bendamustine, BIBW 2992, Biricodar, Brostallicin, Bryostatin, Buthionine sulfoximine.
• CBV chemotherapy
• Calyculin cell-cycle nonspecific antineoplastic agents, Dichloroacetic acid.
• Discodermolide Elsamitrucin, Enocitabine, Epothilonc, Eribulin, Everolimus, Exatecan, Exisulind, Ferruginol, Forodesine, Fosfestrol, ICE chemotherapy regimen, IT-101, Imexon, Imiquimod, Indolocarbazole, Irofulven, Laniquidar.
• This disclosure further relates to a method for using the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions provided herein, in combination with radiation therapy for inhibiting abnormal cell growth or treating the hyperproliferative disorder in the mammal.
• Techniques for administering radiation therapy are known in the art, and these techniques can be used in the combination therapy described herein.
• the administration of the compound of the disclosure in this combination therapy can be determined as described herein.
• Radiation therapy can be administered through one of several methods, or a combination of methods, including without limitation external-beam therapy, internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, stereotactic radiosurgery, systemic radiation therapy, radiotherapy and permanent or temporary interstitial brachytherapy.
• brachytherapy refers to radiation therapy delivered by a spatially confined radioactive material inserted into the body at or near a tumor or other proliferative tissue disease site.
• the term is intended without limitation to include exposure to radioactive isotopes (e.g. At-211, I-131, I-125, Y-90, Re-186, Re-188, Sm-153, Bi-212, P-32, and radioactive isotopes of Lu).
• Suitable radiation sources for use as a cell conditioner of the present disclosure include both solids and liquids.
• the radiation source can be a radionuclide, such as I-125, I-131, Yb-169, Ir-192 as a solid source, I-125 as a solid source, or other radionuclides that emit photons, beta particles, gamma radiation, or other therapeutic rays.
• the radioactive material can also be a fluid made from any solution of radionuclide(s), e.g., a solution of I-125 or I-131, or a radioactive fluid can be produced using a slurry of a suitable fluid containing small particles of solid radionuclides, such as Au-198, Y-90.
• the radionuclide(s) can be embodied in a gel or radioactive micro spheres.
• the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosure can be used in combination with an amount of one or more substances selected from anti-angiogenesis agents, signal transduction inhibitors, antiproliferative agents, glycolysis inhibitors, or autophagy inhibitors.
• Anti-angiogenesis agents such as MMP-2 (matrix-metalloproteinase 2) inhibitors, MMP-9 (matrix-metalloproteinase 9) inhibitors, and COX-11 (cyclooxygenase 11) inhibitors, can be used in conjunction with a compound of the disclosure and pharmaceutical compositions described herein.
• Anti-angiogenesis agents include, for example, rapamycin, temsirolimus (CCI-779), everolimus (RAD001), sorafenib, sunitinib, and bevacizumab.
• Examples of useful COX-II inhibitors include alecoxib, valdecoxib, and rofecoxib.
• MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitors are those that have little or no activity inhibiting MMP-1. More preferred, are those that selectively inhibit MMP-2 and/or AMP-9 relative to the other matrix-metalloproteinases (i. e., MAP-1, MMP-3, MMP-4, MMP-5, MMP-6, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-10, MMP-11, MMP-12, and MMP-13).
• MMP inhibitors useful in the disclosure are AG-3340, RO 32-3555, and RS 13-0830.
• the present compounds may also be used in co-therapies with other anti-neoplastic agents, such as acemannan, aclarubicin, aldesleukin, alemtuzumab, alitretinoin, altretamine, amifostine, aminolevulinic acid, amrubicin, amsacrine, anagrelide, anastrozole, ANCER, ancestim, ARGLABIN, arsenic trioxide, BAM 002 (Novelos), bexarotene, bicalutamide, broxuridine, capecitabine, celmoleukin, cetrorelix, cladribine, clotrimazole, cvtarabine ocfosfate, DA 3030 (Dong-A), daclizumab, denileukin diftitox, deslorelin, dexrazoxane, dilazep, docetaxel, docosanol, dox
• EL 532 Elan
• EM 800 Endorecherche
• eniluracil etanidazole
• fenretinide filgrastim SD01 (Amgen)
• fulvestrant galocitabine
• gastrin 17 immunogen HLA-B7 gene therapy (Vical)
• granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor histamine dihydrochloride
• ibritumomab tiuxetan ilomastat.
• IM 862 Cytran
• interleukin-2 iproxifene.
• LDI 200 (Milkhaus), leridistim, lintuzumab, CA 125 MAb (Biomira), cancer MAb (Japan Pharmaceutical Development), HER-2 and Fc MAb (Medarex), idiotypic 105AD7 MAb (CRC Technology), idiotypic CEA MAb (Trilex), LYM-1-iodine 131 MAb (Techniclone), polymorphic epithelial mucin-yttrium 90 MAb (Antisoma), marimastat, menogaril, mitumomab, motexafin gadolinium, MX 6 (Galderma), nelarabine, nolatrexed, P 30 protein, pegvisomant, pemetrexed, porfiromycin, prinomastat, RL 0903 (Shire), rubitecan, satraplatin, sodium phenylacetate, sparfosic acid, SRL 172 (SR Pharma).
• SU 5416 (SUGEN), TA 077 (Tanabe), tetrathiomolybdate, thaliblastine, thrombopoietin, tin ethyl etiopurpurin, tirapazamine, cancer vaccine (Biomira), melanoma vaccine (New York University), melanoma vaccine (Sloan Kettering Institute), melanoma oncolysate vaccine (New York Medical College), viral melanoma cell lysates vaccine (Royal Newcastle Hospital), or valspodar.
• the compounds of the invention may further be used with VEGFR inhibitors.
• Other compounds described in the following patents and patent applications can be used in combination therapy: U.S. Pat. No. 6,258,812, US 2003/0105091, WO 01/37820, U.S. Pat. No. 6,235,764, WO 01/32651, U.S. Pat. Nos.
• the combination comprises a composition of the present invention in combination with at least one anti-angiogenic agent.
• Agents are inclusive of, but not limited to, in vitro synthetically prepared chemical compositions, antibodies, antigen binding regions, radionuclides, and combinations and conjugates thereof.
• An agent can be an agonist, antagonist, allosteric modulator, toxin or, more generally, may act to inhibit or stimulate its target (e.g., receptor or enzyme activation or inhibition), and thereby promote cell death or arrest cell growth.
• anti-angiogenic agents include ERBITUXTM (IMC-C225), KDR (kinase domain receptor) inhibitory agents (e.g., antibodies and antigen binding regions that specifically bind to the kinase domain receptor), anti-VEGF agents (e.g., antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind VEGF, or soluble VEGF receptors or a ligand binding region thereof) such as AVASTINTM or VEGF-TRAPTM, and anti-VEGF receptor agents (e.g., antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind thereto), EGFR inhibitory agents (e.g., antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind thereto) such as Vectibix (panitumumab), IRESSATM (gefitinib), TARCEVATM (erlotinib), anti-Ang1 and anti-Ang2 agents (e.g., antibodies or antigen binding regions specifically binding thereto or to their receptors, e.g., Tie2/Tek), and anti-
• compositions of the present invention can also include one or more agents (e.g., antibodies, antigen binding regions, or soluble receptors) that specifically bind and inhibit the activity of growth factors, such as antagonists of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF, also known as Scatter Factor), and antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind its receptor “c-met”.
• agents e.g., antibodies, antigen binding regions, or soluble receptors
• HGF hepatocyte growth factor
• c-met antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind its receptor “c-met”.
• anti-angiogenic agents include Campath, IL-8. B-FGF. Tek antagonists (Ceretti et al., U.S. Publication No. 2003/0162712; U.S. Pat. No. 6,413,932), anti-TWEAK agents (e.g., specifically binding antibodies or antigen binding regions, or soluble TWEAK receptor antagonists; see, Wiley, U.S. Pat. No. 6,727,225), ADAM distintegrin domain to antagonize the binding of integrin to its ligands (Fanslow et al., U.S. Publication No. 2002/0042368), specifically binding anti-eph receptor and/or anti-ephrin antibodies or antigen binding regions (U.S.
• Additional anti-angiogenic/anti-tumor agents include: SD-7784 (Pfizer, USA); cilengitide. (Merck KGaA, Germany. EPO 770622); pegaptanib octasodium, (Gilead Sciences, USA); Alphastatin, (BioActa, UK); M-PGA, (Celgene, USA, U.S. Pat. No. 5,712,291); ilomastat, (Arriva, USA, U.S. Pat. No. 5,892,112); emaxanib, (Pfizer. USA, U.S. Pat. No. 5,792,783); vatalanib, (Novartis, Switzerland); 2-methoxyestradiol, (EntreMed.
• BC 1 Genoa Institute of Cancer Research, Italy
• angiogenesis inhibitor (Alchemia, Australia); VEGF antagonist, (Regeneron, USA); rBPI 21 and BPI-derived antiangiogenic, (XOMA, USA); PI 88.
• Progen, Australia cilengitide (pINN), (Merck KGaA, German; Kunststoff Technical University, Germany, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, USA); cetuximab (INN), (Aventis, France); AVE 8062, (Ajinomoto, Japan); AS 1404, (Cancer Research Laboratory, New Zealand); SG 292, (Telios.
• tissue factor pathway inhibitors (EntreMed, USA); pegaptanib (Pinn), (Gilead Sciences. USA); xanthorrhizol. (Yonsei University, South Korea); vaccine, gene-based, VEGF-2, (Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, USA); SPV5.2, (Supratek, Canada); SDX 103, (University of California at San Diego, USA); PX 478, (ProlX, USA); METASTATIN, (EntreMed, USA); troponin I, (Harvard University, USA); SU 6668, (SUGEN, USA); OXI 4503. (OXiGENE.
• BAY RES 2622 (Bayer, Germany); Angiocidin, (InKine, USA); A6, (Angstrom. USA); KR 31372, (Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, South Korea); GW 2286, (GlaxoSmithKline, UK); EHT 0101, (ExonHit, France); CP 868596, (Pfizer, USA); CP 564959.
• GFB 116 South Florida University, USA and Yale University, USA
• CS 706, Septyo, Japan
• combretastatin A4 prodrug (Arizona State University, USA); chondroitinase AC, (IBEX, Canada); BAY RES 2690, (Bayer, Germany);
• AGM 1470 (Harvard University, USA, Takeda, Japan, and TAP, USA); AG 13925, (Agouron, USA); Tetrathiomolybdate, (University of Michigan, USA); GCS 100, (Wayne State University.
• CV 247 (Ivy Medical, UK); CKD 732, (Chong Kun Dang, South Korea); MAb, vascular endothelium growth factor, (Xenova. UK); irsogladine (INN), (Nippon Shinyaku, Japan); RG 13577, (Aventis, France); WX 360, (Wilex, Germany); squalamine (pINN), (Genaera, USA); RPI 4610, (Sirna, USA); cancer therapy, (Marinova, Australia); heparanase inhibitors, (InSight, Israel); KL 3106.
• Vasostatin National Institutes of Health, USA
• vaccine Flk-1, (ImClone Systems, USA); TZ 93, (Tsumura, Japan); TumStatin, (Beth Israel Hospital, USA); truncated soluble FLT 1 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1), (Merck & Co. USA); Tie-2 ligands, (Regeneron, USA); and, thrombospondin 1 inhibitor, (Allegheny Health, Education and Research Foundation, USA).
• Autophagy inhibitors include, but are not limited to chloroquine, 3-methyladenine, hydroxychloroquine (PlaquenilTM), bafilomycin A1, 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside (AICAR), okadaic acid, autophagy-suppressive algal toxins which inhibit protein phosphatases of type 2A or type 1, analogues of cAMP, and drugs which elevate cAMP levels such as adenosine, LY204002, N6-mercaptopurine riboside, and vinblastine.
• antisense or siRNA that inhibits expression of proteins including but not limited to ATG5 (which are implicated in autophagy), may also be used.
• Additional pharmaceutically active compounds/agents that can be used in the treatment of cancers and that can be used in combination with one or more compound of the present invention include: epoetin alfa; darbepoetin alfa; panitumumab; pegfilgrastim; palifermin; filgrastim; denosumab; ancestim; AMG 102; AMG 176; AMG 397, AMG 386; AMG 479; AMG 655; AMG 745; AMG 951; and AMG 706, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• a composition provided herein is conjointly administered with a chemotherapeutic agent.
• chemotherapeutic agents may include, natural products such as vinca alkaloids (e.g., vinblastine, vincristine, and vinorelbine), paclitaxel, epidipodophyllotoxins (e.g., etoposide and teniposide), antibiotics (e.g., dactinomycin (actinomycin D), daunorubicin, doxorubicin, and idarubicin), anthracyclines, mitoxantrone, bleomycins, plicamycin (mithramycin), mitomycin, enzymes (e.g., L-asparaginase which systemically metabolizes L-asparagine and deprives cells which do not have the capacity to synthesize their own asparagine), antiplatelet agents, antiproliferative/antimitotic alkylating agents such as nitrogen mustards
• chemotherapeutic agents may include mechlorethamine, camptothecin, ifosfamide, tamoxifen, raloxifene, gemcitabine, navelbine, sorafenib, or any analog or derivative variant of the foregoing.
• the compounds of the present invention may also be used in combination with radiation therapy, hormone therapy, surgery and immunotherapy, which therapies are well known to those skilled in the art.
• a pharmaceutical composition provided herein is conjointly administered with a steroid.
• Suitable steroids may include, but are not limited to, 21-acctoxypregnenolone, alclometasone, algestone, amcinonide, beclomethasone, betamethasone, budesonide, chloroprednisone, clobetasol, clocortolone, cloprednol, corticosterone, cortisone, cortivazol, deflazacort, desonide, desoximetasone, dexamethasone, diflorasone, diflucortolone, difuprednate, enoxolone, fluazacort, flucloronide, flumethasone, flunisolide, fluocinolone acetonide, fluocinonide, fluocortin butyl, fluocortolone, fluorometholone, fluperolone acetate, flupredni
• the compounds of the present invention can also be used in combination with additional pharmaceutically active agents that treat nausea.
• agents that can be used to treat nausea include: dronabinol; granisetron; metoclopramide; ondansetron; and prochlorperazine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the compounds of the present invention may also be used in combination with an additional pharmaceutically active compound that disrupts or inhibits RAS-RAF-ERK or PI3K-AKT-TOR signaling pathways.
• the additional pharmaceutically active compound is a PD-1 and PD-L1 antagonist.
• the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosure can also be used in combination with an amount of one or more substances selected from EGFR inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, PI3K inhibitors, AKT inhibitors, TOR inhibitors, Mcl-1 inhibitors, BCL-2 inhibitors, SHP2 inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors, and immune therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs), such as thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide, anti-PD-1, anti-PDL-1, anti-CTLA4, anti-LAG1 and anti-OX40 agents, GITR agonists, CAR-T cells, and BiTEs.
• IiDs immunomodulatory agents
• EGFR inhibitors include, but are not limited to, small molecule antagonists, antibody inhibitors, or specific antisense nucleotide or siRNA.
• Useful antibody inhibitors of EGFR include cetuximab (Erbitux), panitumumab (Vectibix), zalutumumab, nimotuzumab, and matuzumab.
• Small molecule antagonists of EGFR include gefitinib, erlotinib (Tarceva), and most recently, lapatinib (TykerB). See e.g., Yan L, et.
• Non-limiting examples of small molecule EGFR inhibitors include any of the EGFR inhibitors described in the following patent publications, and all pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates of said EGFR inhibitors: European Patent Application EP 520722, published Dec. 30, 1992; European Patent Application EP 566226, published Oct. 20, 1993; PCT International Publication WO 96/33980, published Oct. 31, 1996; U.S. Pat. No. 5,747,498, issued May 5, 1998; PCT International Publication WO 96/30347, published Oct. 3, 1996; European Patent Application EP 787772, published Aug. 6, 1997; PCT International Publication WO 97/30034, published Aug. 21, 1997; PCT International Publication WO 97/30044, published Aug.
• Antibody-based EGFR inhibitors include any anti-EGFR antibody or antibody fragment that can partially or completely block EGFR activation by its natural ligand.
• Non-limiting examples of antibody-based EGFR inhibitors include those described in Modjtahedi, H., et al., 1993, Br. J. Cancer 67:247-253; Teramoto, T., et al., 1996, Cancer 77:639-645; Goldstein et al., 1995, Clin. Cancer Res. 1:1311-1318; Huang, S. M., et al., 1999, Cancer Res. 15:59(8):1935-40; and Yang, X., et al., 1999, Cancer Res. 59:1236-1243.
• the EGFR inhibitor can be monoclonal antibody Mab E7.6.3 (Yang, 1999 supra), or Mab C225 (ATCC Accession No. HB-8508), or an antibody or antibody fragment having the binding specificity thereof.
• MEK inhibitors include, but are not limited to, tremetinib, CI-1040, AZD6244, PD318088, PD98059, PD334581, RDEA119, ARRY-142886, ARRY-438162, and PD-325901.
• PI3K inhibitors include, but are not limited to, wortmannin, 17-hydroxywortmannin analogs described in WO 06/044453, 4-[2-(1H-Indazol-4-yl)-6-[[4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]morpholine (also known as GDC 0941 and described in PCT Publication Nos.
• LY294002 (2-(4-Morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one available from Axon Medchem), Pt 103 hydrochloride (3-[4-(4-morpholinylpyrido-[3′,2′:4,5]furo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]phenol hydrochloride available from Axon Medchem), PIK 75 (N′-[(1E)-(6-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)methylene]-N,2-dimethyl-5-nitrobenzenesulfono-hydrazide hydrochloride available from Axon Medchem), PIK 90 (N-(7,8-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydro-imidazo[1,2-c]quinazolin-5-yl)-nicotinamide available from Axon Medchem), GDC-0941 bismesylate (2-(1H
• PI3K inhibitors include demethoxyviridin, perifosine, CAL01, PX-866, BEZ235, SF1126, INK1117, IPI-145, BKM120, XL147, XL765, Palomid 529, GSK1059615, ZSTK474, PWT33597, IC87114, TG100-115, CAL263, P1-103, GNE-477, CUDC-907, and AEZS-136.
• AKT inhibitors include, but are not limited to, Akt-1-1 (inhibits Akt1) (Barnett et al. (2005) Biochem. J., 385 (Pt. 2), 399-408); Akt-1-1,2 (inhibits Aki and 2) (Barnett et al. (2005) Biochem. J. 385 (Pt. 2), 399-408); API-59CJ-Ome (e.g., Jin et al. (2004) Br. J. Cancer 91, 1808-12); 1-H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridinyl compounds (e.g., WO05011700); indole-3-carbinol and derivatives thereof (e.g., U.S. Pat. No.
• TOR inhibitors include, but are not limited to, AP-23573, CCI-779, everolimus, RAD-001, rapamycin, temsirolimus, ATP-competitive TORC1/TORC2 inhibitors, including PI-103, PP242, PP30 and Torin 1.
• AP23573, AP23464, or AP23841 40-(2-hydroxyethyl)rapamycin, 40-[3-hydroxy(hydroxymethyl)methylpropanoate]-rapamycin (also called CC1779), 40-epi-(tetrazolyt)-rapamycin (also called ABT578), 32-deoxorapamycin, 16-pentynyloxy-32(S)-dihydrorapanycin, and other derivatives disclosed in WO 05005434; derivatives disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,258,389, WO 94/090101, WO 92/05179, U.S. Pat. Nos.
• MCI-1 inhibitors include, but are not limited to, AMG-176, AMG-397, MIK665, and S63845.
• the myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) protein is one of the key anti-apoptotic members of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) protein family.
• BCL-1 B-cell lymphoma-2
• Over-expression of MCL-1 has been closely related to tumor progression as well as to resistance, not only to traditional chemotherapies but also to targeted therapeutics including BCL-2 inhibitors such as ABT-263.
• SHP inhibitors include, but are not limited to, SHP099.
• Proteasome inhibitors include, but are not limited to, Kyprolis® (carfilzomib), Velcade® (bortezomib), and oprozomib.
• Immune therapies include, but are not limited to, anti-PD-1 agents, anti-PDL-1 agents, anti-CTLA-4 agents, anti-LAG1 agents, and anti-OX40 agents.
• Monoclonal antibodies include, but are not limited to, Darzalex® (daratumumab), Herceptin® (trastuzumab), Avastin® (bevacizumab), Rituxan® (rituximab), Lucentis® (ranibizumab), and Eylea® (aflibercept).
• Immunomodulatory agents are a class of immunomodulatory drugs (drugs that adjust immune responses) containing an imide group.
• the IMiD class includes thalidomide and its analogues (lenalidomide, pomalidomide, and apremilast).
• anti-PD-1 antibodies and methods for their use are described by Goldberg et al., Blood 110(1):186-192 (2007), Thompson et al., Clin. Cancer Res. 13(6):1757-1761 (2007), and Korman et al., International Application No. PCT/JP2006/309606 (publication no. WO 2006/121168 A1), each of which are expressly incorporated by reference herein include: Keytruda® (pembrolizumab), Opdivo® (niolumab).
• YervoyTM ipilimumab or Tremelimumab (to CTLA-4), galiximab (to B7.1), BMS-936558 (to PD-1), MK-3475 (to PD-1), AMP224 (to B7DC), BMS-936559 (to B7-H1).
• MPDL3280A to B7-H1
• MEDI-570 to ICOS
• AMG557 to B7H2
• MGA271 to B7H3
• IMP321 to LAG-3).
• Immune therapies also include genetically engineered T-cells (e.g., CAR-T cells) and bispecific antibodies (e.g., BiTEs).
• the compounds of the present invention are used in combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody, such as AMG 404.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody (or antigen binding antibody fragment thereof) comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or all 6 the CDR amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1-6 (representing HC CDR1, HC CDR2, HC CDR3, LC CDR1, LC CDR2, and LC CDR3, in that order).
• the anti-PD-1 antibody (or antigen binding antibody fragment thereof) comprises all 6 of the CDR amino acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 1-6.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody (or antigen binding antibody fragment thereof) comprises (a) the heavy chain variable region amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NO: 7, or a variant sequence thereof which differs by only one or two amino acids or which has at least or about 70% sequence identity, or (b) the light chain variable region amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NO: 8 or a variant sequence thereof which differs by only one or two amino acids or which has at least or about 70% sequence identity.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody (or antigen binding antibody fragment thereof) comprises the heavy chain variable region amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NO: 7 and the light chain variable region amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NO: 8.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody (or antigen binding antibody fragment thereof) comprises (a) the heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 or a variant sequence thereof which differs by only one or two amino acids or which has at least or about 70% sequence identity; or (b) the light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10 or a variant sequence thereof which differs by only one or two amino acids or which has at least or about 70% sequence identity.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody (or antigen binding antibody fragment thereof) comprises the heavy chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 and the light chain amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.
• the present disclosure further provides nucleic acid sequences encoding the anti-PD-1 antibody (or an antigen binding portion thereof).
• the antibody comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or all 6 CDRs encoded by the nucleic acid(s) of SEQ ID NOs: 11-16 (representing HC CDR 1, HC CDR2, HC CDR3, LC CDR1, LC CDR2, and LC CDR3, in that order).
• the antibody comprises all 6 CDRs encoded by the nucleic acids of SEQ ID NOs: 11-16.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody (or an antigen binding portion thereof) comprises (a) a heavy chain variable region encoded by SEQ ID NO: 17 or a variant sequence thereof which differs by only 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 nucleic acids or which has at least or about 70%, 85%, 90%, or 95% sequence identity, or (b) a light chain variable region encoded by SEQ ID NO: 18 or a variant sequence thereof which differs by only 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 nucleic acids or which has at least or about 70%, 85%, 90%, or 95% sequence identity.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody (or an antigen binding portion thereof) comprises a heavy chain variable region encoded by SEQ ID NO: 17 and a light chain variable region encoded by SEQ ID NO: 18.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody (or an antigen binding portion thereof) comprises (a) a heavy chain encoded by SEQ ID NO: 19 or a variant sequence thereof which differs by only 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 nucleic acids or which has at least or about 70%, 85%, 90%, or 95% sequence identity, or (b) a light chain encoded by SEQ ID NO: 20 or a variant sequence thereof which differs by only 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 nucleic acids or which has at least or about 70%, 85%, 90% or 95% sequence identity.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody (or an antigen binding portion thereof) comprises a heavy chain encoded by SEQ ID NO: 19 and a light chain encoded by SEQ ID NO: 20.
• GITR agonists include, but are not limited to, GITR fusion proteins and anti-GITR antibodies (e.g., bivalent anti-GITR antibodies), such as, a GITR fusion protein described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,111,090box.c, European Patent No.: 090505B1, U.S. Pat. No. 8,586,023, PCT Publication Nos.: WO 2010/003118 and 2011/090754, or an anti-GITR antibody described, e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. 7,025,962. European Patent No.: 1947183B1, U.S. Pat. No. 7,812,135. U.S. Pat. Nos.
• the compounds described herein can be used in combination with the agents disclosed herein or other suitable agents, depending on the condition being treated. Hence, in some embodiments the one or more compounds of the disclosure will be co-administered with other agents as described above.
• the compounds described herein are administered with the second agent simultaneously or separately.
• This administration in combination can include simultaneous administration of the two agents in the same dosage form, simultaneous administration in separate dosage forms, and separate administration. That is, a compound described herein and any of the agents described above can be formulated together in the same dosage form and administered simultaneously. Alternatively, a compound of the disclosure and any of the agents described above can be simultaneously administered, wherein both the agents are present in separate formulations.
• a compound of the present disclosure can be administered just followed by and any of the agents described above, or vice versa.
• a compound of the disclosure and any of the agents described above are administered a few minutes apart, or a few hours apart, or a few days apart.
• kits comprises two separate pharmaceutical compositions: a compound of the present invention, and a second pharmaceutical compound.
• the kit comprises a container for containing the separate compositions such as a divided bottle or a divided foil packet. Additional examples of containers include syringes, boxes, and bags.
• the kit comprises directions for the use of the separate components.
• the kit form is particularly advantageous when the separate components are preferably administered in different dosage forms (e.g., oral and parenteral), are administered at different dosage intervals, or when titration of the individual components of the combination is desired by the prescribing health care professional.
• 3-amino-2-chloro-4-(methoxycarbonyl)pyridine (10.6 g, 56.8 mmol, Combi-Blocks Inc., San Diego, Calif.) and [(4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene)-2-(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II) methanesulfonate (2.69 g, 2.8 mmol, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.) in tetrahydrofuran (114 ml) under argon.
• Step 3 6,7-Dichloro-1-(4,6-diisopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile
• Step 1 tert-Butyl 4-(6-chloro-3-cyano-1-(4,6-diisopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)-7-(2-formylphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate
• Step 2 tert-Butyl 4-(6-chloro-3-cyano-1-(4,6-diisopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)-7-(2-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate
• Step 3 4-(4-Acryloylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-chloro-1-(4,6-diisopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)-7-(2-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile
• Step 1 6-Chloro-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(4-formyl-2-isopropylpyridin-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile
• 6-Chloro-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-(4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-isopropylpyridin-3-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile (1.48 g, 3.1 mmol) in 40 ml DCM was stirred with manganese (IV) oxide (7.4 g, 85 mmol, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.) at RT for 2 days. The mixture was filtered through celite and evaporated to give crude aldehyde.
• Step 2 To 6-chloro-1-(4-((dimethylamino)methyl)-2-isopropylpyridin-3-yl)-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile
• Step 3 tert-Butyl 4-(6-chloro-3-cyano-1-(4-((dimethylamino)methyl)-2-isopropylpyridin-3-yl)-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate
• Step 4 4-(4-Acryloylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-chloro-1-(4-((dimethylamino)methyl)-2-isopropylpyridin-3-yl)-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile
• Step 1 tert-Butyl 4-(6-chloro-3-cyano-1-(4,6-diisopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate
• Step 2 6-Chloro-1-(4,6-diisopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-4-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile
• Step 3 (E)-6-Chloro-1-(4,6-diisopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)-4-(4-(4-(dimethylamino)but-2-enoyl)piperazin-1-yl)-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile
• Step 1 tert-Butyl (E)-(4-(4-(6-chloro-3-cyano-1-(4,6-diisopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-4-yl)piperazin-1-y)-4-oxobut-2-en-1-yl)(methyl)carbamate
• Step 2 (E)-6-Chloro-1-(4,6-diisopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-(4-(methylamino)but-2-enoyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile trifluoroacetate salt
• Step 1 (E)-4-(4-(4-Bromobut-2-enoyl)piperazin-1-yl)-6-chloro-1-(4,6-diisopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile
• Step 2 (E)-6-chloro-4-(4-(4-(cyclopropylamino)but-2-enoyl)piperazin-1-yl)-1-(4,6-diisopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile
• Example. 5.1 (E)-6-chloro-1-(4,6-diisopropylpyrimidin-5-yl)-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-(4-(isopropylamino)but-2-enoyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile
• Step 1 tert-Butyl 4-(6-chloro-3-cyano-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(2-isopropyl-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate
• Step 2 4-(4-Acryloylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-chloro-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(2-isopropyl-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile
• 1,4-Dioxane (897 ⁇ l) and water (299 ⁇ l) were then added and the reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT, partitioned between EtOAc and brine. The aqueous layer was back extracted with EtOAc (2 ⁇ ) and the combined organics was dried (Na 2 SO 4 ) and concentrated.
• Step 3 4-(4-Acryloylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-chloro-1-(2,4-diisopropylpyridin-3-yl)-2-oxo-7-(o-tolyl)-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile
• reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was re-dissolved in dichloromethane (1.3 mL) and 1,1′-dimethyltriethylamine (134 ⁇ l, 0.77 mmol) was added followed by dropwise addition of acryloyl chloride (23 ⁇ l, 0.28 mmol, Sigma-Aldrich Corporation) at 0° C. The reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min.
• reaction mixture was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting with a gradient of 0% to 60% EtOAc in heptane, to give 4-(4-acryloylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-chloro-1-(2,4-diisopropylpyridin-3-yl)-2-oxo-7-(o-tolyl)-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile (63 mg, 0.1 mmol, 41.4% yield) as white solid.
• Step 1 6-Chloro-1-(2,4-diisopropylpyridin-3-yl)-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile
• Step 2 tert-Butyl 4-(6-chloro-3-cyano-1-(2,4-diisopropylpyridin-3-yl)-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate
• Step 3 Racemic 4-(4-acryloylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-chloro-1-(2,4-diisopropylpyridin-3-yl)-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile
• 1,1′-Dimethyltriethylamine (0.43 ml, 2.4 mmol) was added followed by dropwise addition of acryloyl chloride (0.073 ml, 0.9 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min.
• reaction mixture was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting with a gradient of 0% to 50% 3:1 EtOAc/EtOH in heptane, to give 4-(4-acryloylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-chloro-1-(2,4-diisopropylpyridin-3-yl)-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile (0.23 g, 0.19 mmol, 46% yield).
• Example 8.1 as peak 1: 14-(4-acryloylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-chloro-1-(2,4-diisopropylpyridin-3-yl)-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile as off-white solid, chemical purity: >99.0%, D.E.>99.0%; m/z (ESI, +ve ion): 599.3 (M+1).
• Phosphorous oxychloride (0.334 mL, 3.57 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of 7-chloro-1-(2,4-diisopropylpyridin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile (Intermediate K, 1.1 g, 2.7 mmol) and triethylamine (1.157 mL, 8.23 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) under argon. The mixture was heated to 80° C. for 1 h and concentrated in vacuo.
• Step 1 tert-Butyl 4-(7-chloro-3-cyano-1-(2,4-diisopropylpyridin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate
• Step 2 4-(4-Acryloylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-chloro-1-(2,4-diisopropylpyridin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile
• Step 3 4-(4-Acryloylpiperazin-1-yl)-1-(2,4-diisopropylpyridin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-2-oxo-7-(o-tolyl)-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile
• Step 1 tert-Butyl 4-(6,7-dichloro-3-cyano-1-(2-isopropyl-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate
• Step 2 4-(4-Acryloylpiperazin-1-yl)-6,7-dichloro-1-(2-isopropyl-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile
• Step 3 4-(4-Acryloylpiperazin-1-yl)-6,7-dichloro-1-(2-isopropyl-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile
• Step 4 4-(4-Acryloylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-chloro-1-(2-isopropyl-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2-oxo-7-(o-tolyl)-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile
• Purified GDP-bound KRAS protein (aa 1-169), containing both G12C and C 118 A amino acid substitutions and an N-terminal His-tag, was pre-incubated in assay buffer (25 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl 2 , and 0.01% Triton X-100) with a compound dose-response titration for 5 min (see Table 10).
• assay buffer 25 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl 2 , and 0.01% Triton X-100
• purified SOS protein (aa 564-1049) and GTP (Roche 10106399001) were added to the assay wells and incubated for an additional 30 min.
• MIA PaCa-2 (ATCC® CRL-1420TM) and A549 (ATCCk® CCL-185TM) cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 Medium (ThermoFisher Scientific 11875093) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (ThermoFisher Scientific 16000044) and 1 ⁇ penicillin-streptomycin-glutamine (ThermoFisher Scientific 10378016).
• MIA PaCa-2 were seeded in 96-well cell culture plates at a density of 25,000 cells/well and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO 2 .
• a compound dose-response titration was diluted in growth media, added to appropriate wells of a cell culture plate, and then incubated at 37° C., 5% CO 2 for 2 (see Table 10). Following compound treatment, cells were stimulated with 10 ng/mL EGF (Roche 11376454001) for 10 min, washed with ice-cold Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline, no Ca 2+ or Mg 2+ (ThermoFisher Scientific 14190144), and then lysed in RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 1% Igepal, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 150 mM NaCl, and 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate) containing protease inhibitors (Roche 4693132001) and phosphatase inhibitors (Roche 4906837001).
• Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in compound-treated lysates was assayed using Phospho-ERK1/2 Whole Cell Lysate kits (Meso Scale Discovery K 151DWD) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Assay plates were read on a Meso Scale Discovery Sector Imager 6000, and data were analyzed using a 4-parameter logistic model to calculate IC 50 values.

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