US20190264125A1 - Lubricant additive composition, lubricating composition containing same and engine oil composition consisting of lubricating composition - Google Patents

Lubricant additive composition, lubricating composition containing same and engine oil composition consisting of lubricating composition Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190264125A1
US20190264125A1 US16/310,503 US201716310503A US2019264125A1 US 20190264125 A1 US20190264125 A1 US 20190264125A1 US 201716310503 A US201716310503 A US 201716310503A US 2019264125 A1 US2019264125 A1 US 2019264125A1
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Prior art keywords
component
group
lubricating composition
carbon atoms
mass
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US16/310,503
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English (en)
Inventor
Shinji Iino
Eiji Katsuno
Taro SUMI
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Adeka Corp
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Adeka Corp
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Assigned to ADEKA CORPORATION reassignment ADEKA CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KATSUNO, Eiji, SUMI, Taro, IINO, SHINJI
Publication of US20190264125A1 publication Critical patent/US20190264125A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M141/02 - C10M141/10
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/12—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M135/14—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond
    • C10M135/18—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond thiocarbamic type, e.g. containing the groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M139/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/144—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings containing hydroxy groups
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
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    • C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
    • C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
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    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
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    • C10M2207/284—Esters of aromatic monocarboxylic acids
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    • C10M2207/285—Esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids
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    • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
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    • C10M2215/08—Amides
    • C10M2215/082—Amides containing hydroxyl groups; Alkoxylated derivatives
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    • C10M2215/086—Imides
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    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
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    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
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    • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
    • C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
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    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
    • C10N2210/02—
    • C10N2210/06—
    • C10N2230/06—
    • C10N2230/10—
    • C10N2230/12—
    • C10N2240/102—
    • C10N2240/104—

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lubricant additive composition containing an organic molybdenum compound, a lubricating composition containing the lubricant additive composition and an engine oil consisting of the lubricating composition.
  • Organic molybdenum compounds containing sulphur such as molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate and molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate have the excellent effect of friction reduction, and thus are widely used for engine lubricating oil and the like.
  • the effect of friction reduction only by increasing the amount of organic molybdenum compounds added has limitations, and an increase in the amount of organic molybdenum compounds added causes problems such as generation of deposits due to precipitated or deteriorated organic molybdenum compounds.
  • lubricating oil compositions containing an organic molybdenum compound and an ashless friction regulator for example lubricating oil compositions containing an organic molybdenum compound and a polyhydric alcohol fatty acid partial ester (for example, see Patent Documents 1 to 3) or an alkyl alkanolamine or fatty acid alkanolamide (for example, see Patent Documents 4 and 5) have been studied.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. H05-279686
  • Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. H08-067890
  • Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-082709
  • Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. H07-150173
  • Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2003-221588
  • Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2012-197393
  • Patent Document 7 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2013-119597
  • an issue to be addressed by the present invention is to further improve the effect of friction reduction by an organic molybdenum compound.
  • the present invention pertains to a lubricant additive composition containing, as a component (A), an organic molybdenum compound represented by the following general formula (1), and as a component (B), an amine compound represented by the following general formula (2), wherein content of the component (B) is 1 to 20 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of molybdenum atoms derived from the component (A):
  • R 1 to R 4 respectively represent an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and X 1 to X 4 respectively represent an oxygen atom or a sulphur atom;
  • R 5 and R 6 respectively represent an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • the present invention can provide an advantageous lubricant additive composition for lubricating compositions.
  • the component (A) is an organic molybdenum compound represented by general formula (1).
  • R 1 to R 4 respectively represent an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • the alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, an isopropyl group, an isobutyl group, a secondary butyl group, a tertiary butyl group (hereinafter “tertiary” is abbreviated as “t”), an isopentyl group, a secondary pentyl group, a t-pentyl group, a secondary hexyl group, a secondary heptyl group, a secondary octyl group, a
  • R 1 to R 4 are respectively preferably an alkyl group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms and more preferably an alkyl group having 7 to 14 carbon atoms. Branched alkyl groups are preferred to linear alkyl groups because the molybdenum compound may have a lower melting point and may be less deposited.
  • R 1 to R 4 may be the same hydrocarbon group or different hydrocarbon groups; however, it is preferable that at least one of R 1 to R 4 is different from other groups because the molybdenum compound may have a lower melting point and may be less deposited, and it is more preferable that R 1 and R 2 are the same and R 3 and R 4 are the same and R 1 and R 3 are different because of industrial availability.
  • the compound wherein R 1 and R 2 are respectively 2-ethylhexyl and R 3 and R 4 are respectively a branched tridecyl group, or R 1 to R 4 are respectively 2-ethylhexyl is preferable and a compound wherein R 1 and R 2 are respectively 2-ethylhexyl and R 3 and R 4 are respectively a branched tridecyl group is more preferable.
  • X 1 to X 4 respectively represent an oxygen atom or a sulphur atom. Because of excellent lubricity, it is preferable that two to three of X 1 to X 4 are sulphur atoms and the rest are oxygen atom(s). For example, a compound wherein X 1 and X 2 are respectively a sulphur atom and X 3 and X 4 are respectively an oxygen atom is preferred.
  • the component (B) is an amine compound represented by general formula (2).
  • R 5 and R 6 respectively represent an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms include alkyl groups exemplified for R 1 to R 4 in the general formula (1).
  • alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms examples include a vinyl group, a 1-methylethenyl group, a 2-methylethenyl group, a propenyl group, a butenyl group, an isobutenyl group, a pentenyl group, a hexenyl group, a heptenyl group, an octenyl group, a decenyl group, a pentadecenyl group, an octadecenyl group and the like.
  • R 5 and R 6 maybe the same group or different groups; however, it is preferable that R 5 and R 6 are the same group because of industrial availability.
  • the sum of the carbon atoms of R 5 and R 6 is preferably at least 8 and more preferably at least 12 because when the amine compound has an extremely low boiling point, the amine compound in the general formula (2) is volatilized and eliminated during use.
  • the content of the component (B) is 1 to 20 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of molybdenum atoms derived from the component (A).
  • the component (B) is preferably 2 to 19 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 18 parts by mass and still more preferably 10 to 17 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of molybdenum atoms derived from the component (A).
  • the lubricant additive composition of the present invention may consist of the component (A) and the component (B). However, in view of handling and convenience upon use of the additive composition of the present invention, the composition may be dissolved in a base oil or may be in a package combined with other lubricating oil additives.
  • the content of the component (A) is preferably at least 1% by mass and more preferably at least 20% by mass relative to the whole amount of the lubricant additive composition.
  • the lubricant additive composition of the present invention is added to a base oil or a base oil and a thickener to be used as, respectively, a lubricating oil composition or a grease composition.
  • the lubricating oil composition and the grease composition are collectively referred to as a lubricating composition.
  • the base oil examples include mineral oils such as paraffin mineral oils, naphthene mineral oils and purified mineral oils obtained by subjecting the above to hydrogenation refining, solvent deasphalting, solvent extraction, solvent dewaxing, hydrogenation dewaxing, contact dewaxing, hydrogenolysis, alkali distilling, sulphuric acid cleaning or white clay treatment; hydrocarbon synthetic oils such as poly- ⁇ -olefins, ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymers, polybutenes, GTL (Gas to liquids) base oils, alkylbenzenes and alkylnaphthalenes; ether synthetic oils such as polyphenyl ethers, alkyl-substituted diphenyl ethers and polyalkylene glycols; ester synthetic oils such as polyol esters, dibasic acid esters, hindered esters and monoesters; phosphate ester synthetic oils, polysiloxane synthetic oils, and fluorinated hydrocarbon synthetic oils
  • the base oils may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
  • the base oil for which the lubricant additive composition of the present invention is used is preferably a mineral oil or a hydrocarbon synthetic oil and more preferably a paraffin purified mineral oil, a poly- ⁇ -olefin or a GTL base oil because the effect of lubricity improvement by the component (A) may be easily obtained.
  • Examples of the thickener used with the lubricant additive composition of the present invention for a grease include soap or complex soap thickeners, organic non-soap thickeners, inorganic non-soap thickeners and the like.
  • a grease made of abase oil and a thickener and not containing other additives may be referred to as a base grease.
  • the consistency of the grease for which the lubricant additive composition of the present invention is used may vary according to the application of the grease and is not particularly limited. The consistency is generally about 100 to 500, and the content of the thickener is generally about 5 to 20 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the base oil.
  • soap thickener includes soaps obtained by reaction of higher fatty acids such as lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, arachic acid, behenic acid, zoomaric acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and ricinoleic acid and bases such as lithium, sodium, potassium, aluminium, barium and calcium, and complex soap thickeners obtained by reaction of the fatty acids and the bases above and acetic acid, benzoic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid or the like.
  • higher fatty acids such as lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, arachic acid, behenic acid, zoomaric acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and ricinoleic acid and bases such as lithium, sodium, potassium, aluminium
  • organic non-soap thickener examples include terephtalate thickeners, urea thickeners, fluorine thickeners such as polytetrafluoroethylene and fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers and the like.
  • inorganic non-soap thickener examples include montmorillonite, bentonite, silica aerogel, boron nitride and the like.
  • urea thickeners are preferable because the effect of friction reduction by the component (B) is increased.
  • urea thickener examples include monourea compounds obtained by reaction of monoisocyanates and monoamines, diurea compounds obtained by reaction of diisocyanates and monoamines, urea urethane compounds obtained by reaction of diisocyanates, monoamines and monools, tetraurea compounds obtained by reaction of diisocyanates, diamines and monoisocyanates and the like.
  • the component (A) of the present invention in terms of the amount of molybdenum atoms is preferably 50 to 2000 ppm by mass, more preferably 70 to 1500 ppm by mass and still more preferably 80 to 1000 ppm by mass relative to the whole amount of the lubricating composition.
  • the amount of the component (A) added in terms of the amount of molybdenum atoms is preferably 100 ppm by mass to 5% by mass, more preferably 150 ppm by mass to 3% by mass and still more preferably 200 ppm by mass to 2% by mass relative to the grease and the like.
  • the lubricating composition may contain, if necessary, a metal-based cleaner, an ashless dispersant, an antioxidant, an oiliness agent, an anti-wear agent, an extreme pressure agent, a rust preventing agent, a metal deactivator, a viscosity index improver, a pour point depressant, a solid lubricant and the like.
  • the metal-based cleaner examples include alkaline earth metal sulphonates, alkaline earth metal phenates, alkaline earth metal phosphonates, alkaline earth metal salicylates, alkaline earth metal naphthenates and the like, and examples of the alkaline earth metal include magnesium, calcium, barium and the like.
  • the lubricating composition of the present invention preferably contains, as a component (C), an alkaline earth metal salicylate because of an increased effect of friction reduction by the component (A) and calcium salicylate is preferred among others.
  • Metal-based cleaners having a total base number (TBN) according to ASTM D2896 of 20 to 600 mgKOH/g are known. When the TBN is extremely low, a high amount of metal-based cleaner must be added, and when the TBN is extremely high, the lubricity of the component (A) may be adversely affected. Metal-based cleaners diluted with light lubricant base oil or the like are generally marketed and are available.
  • the TBN of the metal-based cleaner as used in the present invention is a TBN of pure component without a diluent such as light lubricant base oil.
  • the component (C) has a TBN of preferably 50 to 500 mgKOH/g and more preferably 100 to 450 mgKOH/g.
  • a metal-based cleaner has an increased TBN by including a carbonate salt of an alkaline earth metal, and the component (C) of the present invention may contain a borate salt instead of some of the carbonate salt.
  • the content of the component (C) in the lubricating composition of the present invention is preferably 0.1% to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.5% to 8% by mass and still more preferably 1% to 5% by mass relative to the whole amount of the lubricating composition.
  • the ashless dispersant examples include succinimide dispersants obtained by condensation reaction of alkenyl succinic anhydrides and polyamine compounds, succinate ester dispersants obtained by condensation reaction of alkenyl succinic anhydrides and polyol compounds, succinate ester amide dispersants obtained by condensation reaction of alkenyl succinic anhydrides and alkanolamines, Mannich base dispersants obtained by condensation of alkylphenols and polyamines with formaldehyde, and the like.
  • the lubricating composition of the present invention preferably contains, as a component (D), a succinimide dispersant because of an increased effect of friction reduction by the component (A).
  • Succinimide dispersants may be divided into mono-succinimide dispersants having one alkenyl succinimide group in a molecule and bis-succinimide dispersants having two alkenyl succinimide groups, and bis-succinimide dispersants are preferred because of excellent effect of lubricity improvement.
  • Ashless dispersants include boric acid-modified ashless dispersants (compounds obtained by dehydration condensation of boric acid with ashless dispersants), and succinimide dispersants containing 0.1% to 5% by mass of boric acid as boron atoms are particularly preferred because of an increased effect of friction reduction by the component (A).
  • the content of the component (D) in the lubricating composition of the present invention is preferably 0.5% to 10% by mass, more preferably 1% to 8% by mass and still more preferably 2% to 6% by mass relative to the whole amount of the lubricating composition.
  • the lubricating composition of the present invention preferably contains, as a component (E), a phenolic antioxidant because the phenolic antioxidant has a high antioxidant effect and an effect of lubricity improvement by the component (A) may continue over a long period.
  • phenolic antioxidant examples include phenolic antioxidants without ester group such as 2,6-di-t-butylphenol 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-t-butylphenol, 4,4′-methylenebis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 4,4′-bis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 4,4′-bis(2-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,2′-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,2′-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4′-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4′-isopropylidenebis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), 2,2′-methylenebis(2,
  • phenolic antioxidants with ester group such as alkyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)propionate, alkyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-di-t-butylphenyl)propionate, tetrakis ⁇ 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)propionyloxymethyl ⁇ methane, 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)propionate glycerol monoester, ester of 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)propionic acid and glycerol monooleyl ether, 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)propionate butylene glycol diester, 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)propionate thiodiglycol diester, 2,2-thio- ⁇ die
  • the component (E) is preferably a phenolic antioxidant with ester group because of an effect of lubricity improvement and a phenolic antioxidant with one ester group is more preferred because of high solubility in base oils, alkyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)propionate and alkyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-di-t-butylphenyl)propionate are still more preferred and alkyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)propionate is the most preferred.
  • the alkyl group in the alkyl moiety in alkyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)propionate and alkyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-di-t-butylphenyl)propionate is preferably an alkyl group having 4 to 22 carbon atoms because of high solubility in base oils, an alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms is more preferred, an alkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms is still more preferred, an alkyl group having 7 to 9 carbon atoms is yet more preferred and a branched alkyl group having 7 to 9 carbon atoms is the most preferred.
  • the content of the component (E) in the lubricating composition of the present invention is extremely low, an antioxidant effect is low, and when the content is extremely high, the performance improvement commensurate with the added amount may not be obtained and decomposition of the component (A) may be promoted. Therefore, the content of the component (E) is preferably 0.01% to 1% by mass, more preferably 0.15% to 0.95% by mass and the most preferably 0.2% to 0.9% by mass relative to the whole amount of the lubricating composition.
  • Lubricating oils for internal combustion may contain, as an antioxidant, an amine antioxidant in some cases.
  • the lubricating composition of the present invention preferably does not contain an amine antioxidant because the amine antioxidant may reduce the effect of friction reduction of the component (A) by the component (B), and even if contained, the content thereof is preferably 0.3% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or less and still more preferably 0.05% by mass or less relative to the whole amount of the lubricating composition.
  • the anti-wear agent examples include zinc dithiophosphates, alkyl phosphate esters, aryl phosphate esters, alkyl thiophosphate esters and the like.
  • the lubricating composition of the present invention preferably contains, as a component (F), a zinc dithiophosphate represented by the following general formula (3) because of a high anti-wear effect and also an effect of lubricity improvement of the component (A):
  • R 7 to R 10 respectively represent an alkyl group having 3 to 14 carbon atoms.
  • R 7 to R 10 respectively represent an alkyl group having 3 to 14 carbon atoms.
  • the alkyl group having 3 to 14 carbon atoms include linear primary alkyl groups such as a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, a dodecyl group, a tridecyl group and a tetradecyl group; branched primary alkyl groups such as an isobutyl group, an isopentyl group, an isohexyl group, an isoheptyl group, an isooctyl group, an isononyl group, an isodecyl group, an isododecyl group, an isotridecyl group, an isotetradecyl group, a 2-methylpentyl
  • R 7 to R 11 are respectively preferably a secondary alkyl group having 4 to 14 carbon atoms, more preferably a secondary alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and still more preferably a secondary alkyl group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms because of lubricity improvement of the component (A). Specifically, a 1-methylpropyl group and a 1,3-dimethylpropyl group are preferred. R 7 to R 10 may be the same group or a combination of different groups.
  • the content of the component (F) in terms of the phosphorus amount derived from the component (F) is preferably 0.001% to 3% by mass, more preferably 0.005% to 2% by mass and the most preferably 0.01% to 1% by mass relative to the whole amount of the lubricating composition.
  • the lubricating composition of the present invention preferably contains, as a component (G), an ashless friction regulator selected from the group consisting of polyhydric alcohol fatty acid partial esters, (poly)glycerol alkyl ethers, alkyl alkanolamines, alkenyl alkanolamines and fatty acid alkanolamides because friction may be further decreased.
  • an ashless friction regulator selected from the group consisting of polyhydric alcohol fatty acid partial esters, (poly)glycerol alkyl ethers, alkyl alkanolamines, alkenyl alkanolamines and fatty acid alkanolamides because friction may be further decreased.
  • polyhydric alcohol fatty acid partial ester examples include glycerol monolaurate, glycerol dilaurate, glycerol monomyristate, glycerol dimyristate, glycerol monopalmitate, glycerol dipalmitate, glycerol monostearate, glycerol distearate, glycerol monooleate, glycerol dioleate, diglycerol monooleate, diglycerol dioleate, trimethylolpropane monooleate, trimethylolpropane dioleate and the like.
  • Examples of the (poly)glycerol alkyl ether include glyceryl lauryl ether, glyceryl myristyl ether, glyceryl palmityl ether, glyceryl stearyl ether, glyceryl oleyl ether, diglyceryl oleyl ether, triglyceryl oleyl ether and the like.
  • alkyl alkanolamine examples include lauryl diethanolamine, myristyl diethanolamine, palmityl diethanolamine, stearyl diethanolamine, lauryl dipropanolamine, myristyl dipropanolamine, palmityl dipropanolamine, stearyl dipropanolamine and the like.
  • alkenyl alkanolamine examples include oleyl diethanolamine, oleyl dipropanolamine and the like.
  • fatty acid alkanolamide examples include fatty acid monoethanolamides such as lauric acid monoethanolamide, myristic acid monoethanolamide, palmitic acid monoethanolamide, stearic acid monoethanolamide and oleic acid monoethanolamide; fatty acid diethanolamides such as lauric acid diethanolamide, myristic acid diethanolamide, palmitic acid diethanolamide, stearic acid diethanolamide and oleic acid diethanolamide; fatty acid N-methylethanolamides such as lauric acid N-methylethanolamide, myristic acid N-methylethanolamide, palmitic acid N-methylethanolamide, stearic acid N-methylethanolamide and oleic acid N-methylethanolamide.
  • fatty acid monoethanolamides such as lauric acid monoethanolamide, myristic acid monoethanolamide, palmitic acid monoethanolamide, stearic acid monoethanolamide and oleic acid monoethanolamide
  • fatty acid diethanolamides such as lauric acid diethanolamide, myristic acid diethanolamide,
  • the component (G) is preferably a polyhydric alcohol fatty acid partial ester and a (poly)glycerol alkyl ether, more preferably a polyhydric alcohol fatty acid partial ester, still more preferably a glycerol mono-fatty acid ester and the most preferably glycerol monooleate.
  • the content of the component (G) is preferably 0.01% to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.05% to 2% by mass and still more preferably 0.1% to 1% by mass relative to the whole amount of the lubricating composition.
  • the lubricating composition of the present invention may further contain other lubricant additives that are generally used for lubricating oil.
  • the lubricant additives include (H1) a phosphorus-based anti-wear agent or phosphorus-based antioxidant, (H2) a sulphur-based extreme pressure agent, (H3) a sulphur-based antioxidant, (H4) a thiophosphate-based extreme pressure agent, (H5) a rust preventing agent, (H6) a viscosity index improver, (H7) a metal deactivator, (H8) a defoaming agent, (H9) a solid lubricant and the like.
  • Examples of (H1) the phosphorus-based anti-wear agent or phosphorus-based antioxidant include organic phosphines, organic phosphine oxides, organic phosphinites, organic phosphonites, organic phosphinates, organic phosphites, organic phosphonates, organic phosphates, organic phosphoroamidates and the like.
  • Examples of (H2) the sulphur-based extreme pressure agent include sulphurized oil, sulphurized mineral oil, organic mono- or poly-sulphides, sulphurized polyolefins, 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives, thiuram disulphides, dithiocarbamate esters and the like.
  • (H3) the sulphur-based antioxidant examples include thiodipropionate esters, thiobis(phenol) compounds, polyhydric alcohol esters of alkylthiopropionic acids, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, dilauryl sulphide, amyl thioglycolate and the like.
  • Examples of (H4) the thiophosphate-based extreme pressure agent include organic trithiophosphites, organic thiophosphates and the like.
  • the amounts of the components (H1) to (H4) added are preferably about 0.01% to 2% by mass, respectively, relative to the lubricating composition of the present invention.
  • the lubricating composition of the present invention is used as an engine oil, it is preferable to use the components in such a range that the total phosphorus content in the lubricating composition does not exceed 1000 ppm by mass and the total sulphur content does not exceed 5000 ppm by mass because exhaust gas purification catalysts may be toxified.
  • the rust preventing agent examples include oxidised paraffin wax calcium salts, oxidised paraffin wax magnesium salts, alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and amine salts of tallow fatty acids, alkenyl succinic esters and alkenyl succinic half-esters (molecular weight of the alkenyl group is about 100 to 300), sorbitan monoesters, pentaerythritol monoesters, glycerol monoesters, nonylphenol ethoxylates, lanolin fatty acid esters, lanolin fatty acid calcium salts and the like.
  • the amount of the component (H5) added is preferably about 0.1% to 15% by mass relative to the whole amount of the lubricating composition, which range allows sufficient exhibition of a rust preventing effect.
  • Examples of the component (H6), viscosity index improver, include poly(C1-18)alkyl methacrylates, (C1-18)alkyl acrylate/(C1-18)alkylmethacrylate copolymers, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate/(C1-18)alkyl methacrylate copolymers, ethylene/(C1-18)alkylmethacrylate copolymers, polyisobutylenes, polyalkylstyrenes, ethylene/propylene copolymers, styrene/maleic ester copolymers, styrene/maleamide copolymers, hydrogenated styrene/butadiene copolymers, hydrogenated styrene/isoprene copolymers and the like.
  • the average molecular weight is about 10,000 to 1,500,000.
  • the amount of the component (H6) added is preferably about 0.1% to 20% by mass relative to the whole amount of the
  • Examples of the component (H7), metal deactivator include N,N′-salicylidene-1,2-propanediamine, alizarin, tetraalkyl thiuram disulphides, benzotriazole, benzimidazole, 2-alkyl dithiobenzimidazoles, 2-alkyl dithiobenzothiazoles, 2-(N,N-dialkylthiocarbamoyl)benzothiazoles, 2,5-bis(alkyldithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2,5-bis(N,N-dialkylthiocarbamoyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles and the like.
  • the amount of the component (H7) added is preferably about 0.01% to 5% by mass relative to the lubricating composition.
  • component (H8) defoaming agent
  • examples of the component (H8), defoaming agent include polydimethylsilicone, trifluoropropylmethylsilicone, colloidal silica, polyalkyl acrylates, polyalkyl methacrylates, alcohol ethoxylates/propoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates/propoxylates, sorbitan partial fatty acid esters and the like.
  • the amount of the component (H8) added is preferably about 1 to 1000 ppm by mass relative to the whole amount of the lubricating composition.
  • Examples of the component (H9), solid lubricant include graphite, molybdenum disulphide, polytetrafluoroethylene, fatty acid alkaline earth metal salts, mica, cadmium dichloride, cadmium diiodide, calcium fluoride, lead iodide, lead oxide, titanium carbide, titanium nitride, aluminium silicate, antimony oxide, cerium fluoride, polyethylene, diamond powder, silicon nitride, boron nitride, carbon fluoride, melamine isocyanurate and the like.
  • the amount of the component (H9) added is preferably about 0.005% to 2% by mass relative to the whole amount of the lubricating composition.
  • Each of the components (H1) to (H9) added may appropriately be one or more compounds.
  • the lubricating composition of the present invention may be used for lubrication of various applications.
  • engine oils such as gasoline engine oil and diesel engine oil, industrial lubricating oil, turbine oil, machine oil, bearing oil, compressor oil, hydraulic oil, operating oil, internal combustion oil, refrigerant oil, gear oil, automatic transmission fluid (ATF), continuously variable transmission fluid (CVTF), transaxle fluid, metal processing oil and the like may be mentioned.
  • the lubricating composition may be added and used in various greases for slide bearings, roller bearings, gear wheels, universal joints, torque limiters, automobile constant velocity joints (CVJs), ball joints, wheel bearings, constant velocity gears, transmission gears and the like.
  • lubricating compositions of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 having the compositions indicated in Table 1 were prepared.
  • the values of the compositions indicated in the table are in parts by mass of compounds when the whole amount of the lubricating composition is regarded as 100 parts by mass.
  • R 11 is a branched alkyl group having 7 to 9 carbon atoms

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US11248187B2 (en) 2022-02-15
CA3028939A1 (en) 2018-01-04
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BR112018074493A2 (pt) 2019-03-19
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