Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
  • C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
  • C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
  • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
  • C10M105/32—Esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
  • C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M133/44—Five-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
  • C10M135/12—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
  • C10M135/14—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond
  • C10M135/18—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond thiocarbamic type, e.g. containing the groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/0206—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/2805—Esters used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
  • C10M2209/086—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type polycarboxylic, e.g. maleic acid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
  • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
  • C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
  • C10M2219/068—Thiocarbamate metal salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
  • C10M2227/066—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts derived from Mo or W
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition.
• Patent Literature 1 JP 2008-208212 A
• Patent Literature 2 JP 2009-249496 A
• the present invention has been made under the aforementioned circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a lubricating oil composition, which has extreme pressure properties and wear resistance enough to achieve fuel saving, and reduces a metal-to-metal friction coefficient.
• the present invention provides a lubricating oil composition according to [1] to [4] below, use of the composition according to [5] below, and use of the composition for the production according to [6] below.
• a lubricating oil composition comprising: a lubricating base oil comprising 0.5% to 70% by mass of an ester base oil based on the total amount of the lubricating base oil, and having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 18 to 28 mm 2 /s; and an organic molybdenum compound in an amount of 100 to 1000 mass ppm in terms of molybdenum element based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition, wherein the lubricating oil composition has a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 50 mm 2 /s or less.
• the lubricating oil composition according to [1] above further comprising 2% by mass or more of a copolymer consisting of an ⁇ -olefin and an ester monomer having a polymerizable unsaturated bond, wherein the weight-average molecular weight of the copolymer is 2000 to 20000.
• composition as a lubricating oil for a hypoid gear, wherein the composition comprises: a lubricating base oil comprising 0.5% to 70% by mass of an ester base oil based on the total amount of the lubricating base oil, and having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 18 to 28 mm 2 /s; and an organic molybdenum compound in an amount of 100 to 1000 mass ppm in terms of the molybdenum element based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition, wherein the lubricating oil composition has a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 50 mm 2 /s or less.
• compositions for the production of a lubricating oil for a hypoid gear wherein the composition comprises: a lubricating base oil comprising 0.5% to 70% by mass of an ester base oil based on the total amount of the lubricating base oil, and having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 18 to 28 mm 2 /s; and an organic molybdenum compound in an amount of 100 to 1000 mass ppm in terms of the molybdenum element based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition, wherein the lubricating oil composition has a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 50 mm 2 /s or less.
• kinematic viscosity used in the present invention means a kinematic viscosity defined according to ASTM D-445.
• viscosity index used in the present invention means a viscosity index measured in accordance with JIS K 2283-1993.
• a lubricating oil composition which has sufficient extreme pressure properties and wear resistance, and further reduces a metal-to-metal friction coefficient. Therefore, when the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is applied to an automotive manual transmission, an automatic transmission or a continuously variable transmission, or to an industrial gear system, it can achieve fuel saving, while maintaining properties necessary as a gear oil, and particularly, as a hypoid gear oil.
• the lubricating oil composition comprises: (A) a lubricating base oil comprising 0.5% to 70% by mass of an ester base oil based on the total amount of the lubricating base oil, and having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 18 to 28 mm 2 /s; and (B) an organic molybdenum compound in an amount of 100 to 1000 mass ppm in terms of the molybdenum element based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition, wherein the lubricating oil composition has a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 50 mm 2 /s or less.
• the lubricating oil composition of the present embodiment comprises (A) a lubricating base oil comprising 0.5% to 70% by mass of an ester base oil based on the total amount of the lubricating base oil, and having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 18 to 28 mm 2 /s.
• the alcohol constituting the ester base oil may be either monohydric alcohol or polyhydric alcohol (polyol), and the acid constituting the ester base oil may be either monobasic acid or polybasic acid.
• the ester base oil is a base oil containing an ester bond, it may also be a complex ester compound.
• the monohydric alcohol having generally 1 to 24, preferably 1 to 12, and more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms is used, and such alcohol may be linear or branched, and may also be saturated or unsaturated.
• Specific examples of the alcohol having 1 to 24 carbon atoms include methanol, ethanol, linear or branched propanol, linear or branched butanol, linear or branched pentanol, linear or branched hexanol, linear or branched heptanol, linear or branched octanol, linear or branched nonanol, linear or branched decanol, linear or branched undecanol, linear or branched dodecanol, linear or branched tridecanol, linear or branched tetradecanol, linear or branched pentadecanol, linear or branched hexadecanol, linear or branched heptadecanol, linear or
• polyhydric alcohols generally a 2- to 10-valent, and preferably a 2- to 6-valent polyhydric alcohol is used.
• the 2- to 10-valent polyhydric alcohol include: divalent alcohols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (timer to 15-mer of ethylene glycol), propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol (trimer to 15-mer of propylene glycol), 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl -1,2-propanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,3-pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, or neopentyl glycol; polyhydric alcohols such as glycer
• a fatty acid having 2 to 24 carbon atoms is generally used, and the fatty acid may be linear or branched, and may also be saturated or unsaturated. Specific examples include: saturated fatty acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, linear or branched butanoic acid, linear or branched pentanoic acid, linear or branched hexanoic acid, linear or branched heptanoic acid, linear or branched octanoic acid, linear or branched nonanoic acid, linear or branched decanoic acid, linear or branched undecanoic acid, linear or branched dodecanoic acid, linear or branched tridecanoic acid, linear or branched tetradecanoic acid, linear or branched pentadecanoic acid, linear or branched hexadecanoic acid, linear or branched heptadecanoic acid, linear or branched octade
• polybasic acid examples include dibasic acid having 2 to 16 carbon atoms and trimellitic acid.
• the dibasic acid having 2 to 16 carbon atoms may be linear or branched, and may also be saturated or unsaturated. Specific examples include ethanedioic acid, propanedioic acid, linear or branched butanedioic acid, linear or branched pentanedioic acid, linear or branched hexanedioic acid, linear or branched heptanedioic acid, linear or branched octanedioic acid, linear or branched nonanedioic acid, linear or branched decanedioic acid, linear or branched undecanedioic acid, linear or branched dodecanedioic acid, linear or branched tridecanedioic acid, linear or branched tetradecanedioic acid, linear or branched heptade
• ester The combination of alcohol and acid that form an ester are arbitrarily selected, and is not particularly limited, and examples of the ester that can be used in the present invention include the following esters, and these esters may be used singly or in combinations of two or more:
• esters (c) the ester formed from monohydric alcohol and polybasic acid is preferable because it is excellent in abrasion resistance and oxidation stability, and a dibasic acid ester that is an ester formed from monohydric alcohol and dibasic acid is more preferable.
• the content of the ester base oil is 0.5% to 70% by mass, preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 2% by mass or more, and even more preferably 3% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the lubricating base oil. Also, it is preferably 60% by mass or less, and more preferably 55% by mass or less. If the content of the ester base oil is 0.5% by mass or more, the lubricating base oil tends to be excellent in extreme pressure properties, wear resistance, seizure resistance, and abrasion resistance. In addition, if the content of the ester base oil is 70% by mass or less, the lubricating base oil tends to be excellent in oxidation stability.
• the kinematic viscosity of the ester base oil at 40° C. is not particularly limited, and it is preferably 5 mm 2 /s or more, more preferably 6 mm 2 /s or more, and even more preferably 7 mm 2 /s or more. Also, it is preferably 50 mm 2 /s or less, more preferably 30 mm 2 /s or less, and even more preferably 20 mm 2 /s or less. If the kinematic viscosity at 40° C. is 5 mm 2 /s or more, or 50 mm 2 /s or less, the lubricating base oil tends to be excellent in extreme pressure properties, wear resistance, and seizure resistance.
• the viscosity index of the ester base oil is not particularly limited, and it is preferably 125 or more, more preferably 130 or more, and even more preferably 135 or more. If the viscosity index is 125 or more, the lubricating base oil tends to be excellent in low temperature fluidity.
• the pour point of the ester base oil is not particularly limited, and it is preferably ⁇ 30° C. or lower, more preferably ⁇ 50° C. or lower, even more preferably ⁇ 60° C. or lower, and particularly preferably ⁇ 70° C. or lower.
• the flash point of the ester base oil is not particularly limited, and it is preferably 200° C. or higher, more preferably 250° C. or higher, and even more preferably 300° C. or higher.
• the lubricating base oil according to the present embodiment may comprise base oil components other than the ester base oil, as long as the content of the ester base oil is 0.5% to 70% by mass based on the total amount of the lubricating base oil.
• the base oil components other than the ester base oil are not particularly limited, and base oil used in ordinary lubricating oil can be used.
• Specific examples of the oil components other than the ester base oil that can be used herein include mineral oil base oil, synthetic base oil, and a mixture obtained by mixing two or more types of base oils selected from the aforementioned base oils at any given ratio.
• mineral oil base oil examples include: paraffinic and naphthenic mineral oil base oils, which are obtained by purifying a. lubricating oil fraction, which has been obtained by subjecting crude oil to atmospheric distillation and vacuum distillation, by applying purification treatments, such as solvent deasphalting, solvent extraction, hydrogenolysis, solvent dewaxing, catalytic dewaxing, hydrorefining, sulfuric acid washing, or clay treatment, alone or appropriately in combinations of two or more; and base oils produced by subjecting normal paraffin, isoparaffin and petroleum wax to catalytic dewaxing. It is to be noted that these base oils may be used singly or in combinations of two or more at any given ratio.
• the mineral oil base oil is preferably base oil classified into Group II or Group III in Base Stock Categories of API (American Petroleum Institute), and more preferably base oil classified into Group III.
• Examples of the synthetic base oil include a poly- ⁇ -olefin or a hydride thereof, an isobutene oligomer or a hydride thereof, isoparaffin, alkylbenzene, alkylnaphthalene, polyoxyalkylene glycol, dialkyl diphenyl ether, polyphenyl ether, and base oil produced by subjecting wax produced by the Fischer-Tropsch process to catalytic dewaxing.
• the synthetic base oil is preferably a poly- ⁇ -olefin, or base oil produced by subjecting wax produced by the Fischer-Tropsch process to catalytic dewaxing.
• the poly- ⁇ -olefin include ⁇ -olefin oligomers or cooligomers having 2 to 32, and preferably 6 to 16 carbon atoms (e.g., a 1-octene oligomer, a 1-decene oligomer, a 1-dodecene oligomer, an ethylene-propylene cooligomer, etc.), and the hydrides thereof.
• a method for producing a poly- ⁇ -olefin is not particularly limited, and an example of the production method is polymerization of an ⁇ -olefin in the presence of a polymerization catalyst comprising a complex with aluminum trichloride, boron trifluoride, or boron trifluoride and water, alcohol (e.g., ethanol, propanol or butanol), carboxylic acid, or ester (e.g., ethyl acetate or ethyl propionate), such as a Friedel-Crafts catalyst.
• a polymerization catalyst comprising a complex with aluminum trichloride, boron trifluoride, or boron trifluoride and water, alcohol (e.g., ethanol, propanol or butanol), carboxylic acid, or ester (e.g., ethyl acetate or ethyl propionate), such as a Friedel-Crafts catalyst.
• the kinematic viscosity of the lubricating base oil at 40° C. is 18 to 28 mm 2 /s, preferably 20 mm 2 /s or more, and more preferably 22 mm 2 /s or more. Also, it is preferably 27 mm 2 /s or less, and more preferably 26 mm 2 /s or less.
• By setting the kinematic viscosity at 40° C. to 18 mm 2 /s or more an oil film is sufficiently formed, and thus, it becomes possible to obtain a lubricating oil composition, which is excellent in lubricity and has a smaller evaporation loss of the base oil under high-temperature conditions.
• a lubricating oil composition becomes excellent in low temperature fluidity and fluid resistance thereof is decreased, and thus, it becomes possible to obtain a lubricating oil composition having smaller rotational resistance.
• the kinematic viscosity of the lubricating base oil at 100° C. is not particularly limited, and it is preferably 1 mm 2 /s or more, more preferably 3 mm 2 /s or more, and even more preferably 4 mm 2 /s or more. Also, it is preferably 10 mm 2 /s or less, more preferably 8 mm 2 /s or less, and even more preferably 6 mm 2 /s or less. By setting the kinematic viscosity at 100° C.
• the viscosity index of the lubricating base oil is not particularly limited, and it is preferably 120 or more, more preferably 125 or more, and even more preferably 130 or more. By setting the viscosity index to 120 or more, a lubricating oil composition, which exhibits good viscosity properties in a temperature range from a low temperature to a high temperature, and is excellent in oxidation stability.
• the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment comprises, as a friction modifier, an organic molybdenum compound in an amount of 100 to 1000 mass ppm in terms of the molybdenum element based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
• organic molybdenum compound according to the present embodiment examples include: organic molybdenum compound containing sulfur, such as molybdenum dithiophosphate or molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC); complexes formed from molybdenum compounds (e.g., molybdenum oxides such as molybdenum dioxide or molybdenum trioxide, molybdic acids such as orthomolybdic acid, paramolybdic acid or polysulfurized molybdic acid, the metal salts of these molybdic acids, molybdates such as ammonium salt, molybdenum sulfides such as molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum trisulfide, molybdenum pentasulfide or molybdenum polysulfide, sulfurized molybdic acids, the metal salts or amine salts of the sulfurized molybdic acids, halogenated molybdenums such as molybden
• an organic molybdenum compound which does not contain sulfur as a constitutional element
• an organic molybdenum compound which does not contain sulfur as a constitutional element
• the organic molybdenum compound, which does not contain sulfur as a constitutional element include a molybdenum-amine complex, a molybdenum-succinimide complex, the molybdenum salt of organic acid, and the molybdenum salt of alcohol, and among others, a molybdenum-amine complex, the molybdenum salt of organic acid, and the molybdenum salt of alcohol are preferable.
• the content of the organic molybdenum compound is 100 to 1000 mass ppm, preferably 200 mass ppm or more, and more preferably 300 mass ppm or more, in terms of the molybdenum element based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition. Also, it is preferably 900 mass ppm or less, and more preferably 800 mass ppm or less. If the content of the organic molybdenum compound is 100 mass ppm or more, the lubricating oil composition tends to be excellent in wear resistance and abrasion resistance, and if the content is 1000 mass ppm or less, the lubricating oil composition tends to be excellent in seizure resistance. It is to be noted that the amount of the organic molybdenum compound in terms of the molybdenum element can be obtained, for example, by an ICP elemental analysis method or the like.
• the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment may further comprise, as a viscosity modifier, a copolymer consisting of an ⁇ -olefin and an ester monomer having a polymerizable unsaturated bond, in an amount of 2% by mass or more based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
• the weight-average molecular weight of the above described copolymer is preferably 2000 to 20000.
• the ester monomer having a polymerizable unsaturated bond is not particularly limited, as long as it is a compound having a polymerizable unsaturated bond and an ester bond, and the ester monomer is preferably an ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid diester, which is a diester body of unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, in which the ⁇ carbon and ⁇ carbon of at least one carboxy group form an ethylenically unsaturated bond (namely, a C ⁇ C double bond).
• the ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid is not limited to a compound in which an ⁇ carbon and a ⁇ carbon form an ethylenically unsaturated bond in both carboxy groups and the ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated bond is present in the main chain, such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid or mesaconic acid, but the ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid used herein means a concept including a compound in which an ⁇ carbon and a ⁇ carbon form an ethylenically unsaturated bond in only one carboxy group, such as glutaconic acid, or a concept including a compound in which the ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated bond is found in the side chain, such as itaconic acid.
• the structure of the copolymer consisting of an ⁇ -olefin and an ester monomer having a polymerizable unsaturated bond is not particularly limited, as long as its weight-average molecular weight is 2000 to 20000.
• a method for producing the copolymer is not particularly limited, either, and a copolymer produced by a known method can be used.
• the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the copolymer consisting of an ⁇ -olefin and an ester monomer having a polymerizable unsaturated bond is 2000 to 20000, preferably 4000 or more, and more preferably 6000 or more. Also, the weight-average molecular weight is preferably 15000 or less, and more preferably 12000 or less. By setting the weight-average molecular weight at 2000 to 20000, it becomes possible to improve oil film retentivity and extreme pressure properties.
• weight-average molecular weight means a weight-average molecular weight relative to standard polystyrene, which is measured using, in series, two columns of GMHHR-M (7.8 mm ID ⁇ 30 cm) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation in the 150-C ALC/GPC device manufactured by Waters, using tetrahydrofuran as a solvent, and also using a refractive index (RI) detector under conditions of a temperature of 23° C., a flow rate of 1 mL/min., a sample concentration of 1% by mass, and a sample injection rate of 75 ⁇ L.
• RI refractive index
• the content of the copolymer is preferably 2% by mass or more, more preferably 2.5% by mass or more, and even more preferably 3.5% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
• the content of the copolymer By setting the content of the copolymer to 2% by mass or more, the present lubricating oil composition tends to be excellent in extreme pressure properties and wear resistance.
• the upper limit of the content is not particularly limited, and it is preferably 25% by mass or less, more preferably 24% by mass or less, and even more preferably 22% by mass or less.
• the content of a component (D) By setting the content of a component (D) to 25% by mass or less, the lubricating oil composition tends to exhibit sufficient extreme pressure properties, wear resistance, seizure resistance, abrasion resistance and oxidation stability.
• the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment may further comprise a boron-containing dispersant in an amount of 100 to 500 mass ppm in terms of the boron element based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
• a boron-containing dispersant in an amount of 100 to 500 mass ppm in terms of the boron element based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
• the boron-containing dispersant is any given ashless dispersant that has been borated.
• the ashless dispersant include a nitrogen-containing compound having at least one linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group having 40 to 400 carbon atoms in the molecule thereof, or a derivative thereof, and a modified product of alkenyl succinimide.
• One or more types arbitrarily selected from these products may be blended into the lubricating oil composition.
• the succinimide includes, what is called, a mono-type succinimide represented by the following formula (3), in which succinic anhydride is added to one end of polyamine, and what is called, a bis-type succinimide represented by the following formula (4), in which succinic anhydride is added to both ends of polyamine.
• R 9 represents an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 40 to 400 carbon atoms, and preferably an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 60 to 350 carbon atoms; and p represents an integer of 1 to 5, and preferably of 2 to 4.
• R 10 and R 11 may be the same or different, and each represent an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 40 to 400 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 60 to 350 carbon atoms, and preferably, each represent a polybutenyl group; and q represents an integer of 0 to 4, and preferably of 1 to 3.
• the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment may comprise either one of the mono-type and bis-type succinimides, or may also comprise both of them.
• a method for producing a succinimide is not particularly limited, and the succinimide can be obtained, for example, by allowing alkyl succinic acid or alkenyl succinic acid, which has been obtained by reacting a compound having an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 40 to 400 carbon atoms with maleic anhydride at a temperature of 100° C. to 200° C., to react with polyamine.
• the polyamine include diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, and pentaethylenehexamine.
• the content of the boron-containing dispersant is preferably 100 to 500 mass ppm, more preferably 150 mass ppm or more, and even more preferably 200 mass ppm or more, in terms of the boron element based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition. Also, it is more preferably 450 mass ppm or less, and even more preferably 400 mass ppm or less. If the content of the boron-containing dispersant in the lubricating oil composition is 100 mass ppm or more, the present lubricating oil composition tends to be excellent in extreme pressure properties, wear resistance, seizure resistance, and abrasion resistance.
• the content of the boron-containing dispersant in the lubricating oil composition is 500 mass ppm or less, the present lubricating oil composition tends to be excellent in wear resistance. It is to be noted that the amount of the boron-containing dispersant in terms of the boron element can be obtained, for example, by an ICP elemental analysis method or the like.
• the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment may further comprise any given additives, which are commonly used in lubricating oil, depending on purpose.
• additives include viscosity modifiers other than the above described copolymer, metallic detergents, ashless dispersants other than boron-containing dispersants, wear inhibitors (or extreme pressure agents), antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, demulsifiers, metal deactivators, defoaming agents, and friction modifiers other than the component (B).
• the viscosity modifier other than the above described copolymer include viscosity modifiers containing a non-dispersed or dispersed ester group, such as a non-dispersed or dispersed poly(meth)acrylate viscosity modifier, a non-dispersed or dispersed olefin-(meth)acrylate copolymer viscosity modifier, a styrene-maleic anhydride ester copolymer viscosity modifier, and the mixtures thereof; and among others, a non-dispersed or dispersed poly(meth)acrylate viscosity modifier is preferable. In particular, a non-dispersed or dispersed polymethacrylate viscosity modifier is preferable.
• the metallic detergent examples include a sulfonate detergent, a salicylate detergent and a phenate detergent, and any one of normal salt, basic normal salt, and perbasic salt with alkaline metal or alkaline earth metal can be blended. Upon the use, one or two or more types, which are arbitrarily selected from these substances, can be blended into the lubricating oil composition.
• any given non-boron ashless dispersants which are used in lubricating oil, can be used, and examples of such an ashless dispersant include a mono- or bis-succinimide having at least one linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group having 40 to 400 carbon atoms in the molecule thereof, a benzylamine having at least one alkyl group or alkenyl group having 40 to 400 carbon atoms in the molecule thereof, a polyamine having at least one alkyl group or alkenyl group having 40 to 400 carbon atoms in the molecule thereof, and the modified products thereof, which are prepared by using carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid or the like.
• one or two or more types which are arbitrarily selected from these substances, can be blended into lubricating oil composition.
• any given wear inhibitors and/or extreme pressure agents which are used in lubricating oil, can be used.
• sulfur-based, phosphorus-based, and sulfur-phosphorus-based extreme pressure agents and the like can be used, and specific examples of such an extreme pressure agent include zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZnDTP), phosphite esters, thiophosphite esters, dithiophosphite esters, trithiophosphite esters, phosphoric acid esters, thiophosphoric acid esters, dithiophosphoric acid esters, trithiophosphoric acid esters, the amine salts thereof, the metal salts thereof, the derivatives thereof, dithiocarbamate, zinc dithiocarbamate, MoDTC, disulfides, polysulfides, sulfurized olefins, and sulfurized oils and fats.
• addition of sulfur-based extreme pressure agents is preferable, and sulfurized oils and
• antioxidants examples include ashless antioxidants such as phenolic ashless antioxidants or amine-based ashless antioxidants, and metallic antioxidants such as copper-based or molybdenum-based antioxidants.
• ashless antioxidants such as phenolic ashless antioxidants or amine-based ashless antioxidants
• metallic antioxidants such as copper-based or molybdenum-based antioxidants.
• phenolic ashless antioxidant examples include 4,4′-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) and 4,4′-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol
• examples of the amine-based ashless antioxidant include phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine, alkylphenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine, and dialkyldiphenylamine.
• corrosion inhibitor examples include benzotriazole-based, tolyltriazole-based, thiadiazole-based, and imidazole-based compounds.
• rust inhibitor examples include petroleum sulfonate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, alkenyl succinic acid ester, and polyhydric alcohol ester.
• demulsifier examples include polyalkylene glycol-based nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether, or polyoxyethylene alkylnaphthyl ether.
• metal deactivator examples include imidazoline, a pyrimidine derivative, alkylthiadiazole, mercaptobenzothiazole, benzotriazole or a derivative thereof, 1,3,4-thiadiazole polysulfide, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl-2,5-bisdialkyldithiocarbamate, 2-(alkylthio)benzoimidazole, and ⁇ -(o-carboxybenzylthio)propionitrile.
• Examples of the defoaming agent include silicone oil, an alkenyl succinic acid derivative, an ester of polyhydroxy aliphatic alcohol and a long chain fatty acid, and an ester of methyl salicylate and o-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, of which kinematic viscosity at 25° C. is 1000 to 100000 mm 2 /s, respectively.
• Examples of the friction modifier other than the component (B) include ashless friction modifiers, and any given compounds, which are generally used as ashless friction modifiers for lubricating oil, can be used, and examples of such an ashless friction modifier include amine-based, imide-based, fatty acid ester-based, fatty acid amide-based, fatty acid-based, aliphatic alcohol-based, and aliphatic ether-based ashless friction modifiers, each of which has at least one hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably at least one alkyl group or alkenyl group, and particularly preferably at least one linear alkyl group or linear alkenyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, in the molecule thereof.
• the content of each additive is preferably 0.01% to 20% by mass based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
• the kinematic viscosity of the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment at 40° C. is 50 mm 2 /s or less, preferably 48 mm 2 /s or less, and more preferably 45 mm 2 /s or less.
• the lower limit of the kinematic viscosity of the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment at 40° C. is not particularly limited, and it is preferably 20 mm 2 /s or more, more preferably 30 mm 2 /s or more, and even more preferably 35 mm 2 /s or more.
• the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment has extreme pressure properties and wear resistance, which are sufficient for achieving fuel saving, and is further capable of reducing a metal-to-metal friction coefficient, it can be preferably used as a gear oil for an automotive manual transmission, an automatic transmission or a continuously variable transmission, or for an industrial gear system, and in particular, as a hypoid gear oil for the driving systems of automobiles and railway vehicles.
• the lubricating oil compositions of Examples 1 to 18 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were prepared, respectively.
• their extreme pressure properties, wear resistance, seizure resistance, abrasion resistance, and oxidation stability were measured, and the results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
• Base oil A-1 poly- ⁇ -olefin [Group IV, 40° C. kinematic viscosity: 19 mm 2 /s, 100° C. kinematic viscosity: 4.1 mm 2 /s, viscosity index: 126, pour point: ⁇ 66° C., flash point: 220° C.]
• Base oil A-2 poly- ⁇ -olefin [Group IV, 40° C. kinematic viscosity: 30.3 mm 2 /s, 100° C. kinematic viscosity: 5.9 mm 2 /s, viscosity index: 142, pour point: ⁇ 54° C., flash point: 246° C.]
• Base oil A-3 poly- ⁇ -olefin [Group IV, 40° C. kinematic viscosity: 48 mm 2 /s, 100° C. kinematic viscosity: 8.0 mm 2 /s, viscosity index: 139, pour point: ⁇ 48° C., flash point: 260° C.]
• Base oil A-4 poly- ⁇ -olefin [Group IV, 40° C. kinematic viscosity: 396 mm 2 /s, 100° C. kinematic viscosity: 39 mm 2 /s, viscosity index: 147, pour point: ⁇ 36° C., flash point: 281° C.]
• Base oil A-5 hydrorefined mineral oil [Group III, 40° C. kinematic viscosity: 33.97 mm 2 /s, 100° C. kinematic viscosity: 6.208 mm 2 /s, viscosity index: 133, sulfur content: less than 10 mass ppm, % C P : 80.6, % C N : 19.4, % C A : 0]
• Base oil B-1 dibasic acid ester [Group V, azelaic acid+2-ethylhexanol, 40° C. kinematic viscosity: 10.3 mm 2 /s, 100° C. kinematic viscosity: 2.9 mm 2 /s, viscosity index: 138, pour point: ⁇ 72° C., flash point: 220° C.]
• Organic molybdenum compound F-1 molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) [amount in terms of the molybdenum element: 10% by mass]
• Boron-containing dispersant G-1 borated succinimide [amount in terms of the boron element: 2.0% by mass, amount in terms of nitrogen element: 2.3% by mass, weight-average molecular weight: 1000]
• Non-boron dispersant H-1 succinimide [amount in terms of nitrogen element: 2.3 by mass, weight-average molecular weight: 1000]
• Performance additive C-1 an additive package comprising a phosphorus wear inhibitor, a sulfur extreme pressure agent, a metal deactivator, a friction modifier, a defoaming agent, etc., [amount in terms of phosphorus element: 1.40% by mass, amount in terms of sulfur element: 22.9% by mass]
• Viscosity modifier J-1 a copolymer of an ⁇ -olefin and an ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid diester [weight-average molecular weight: 10000]
• Viscosity modifier J-2 a copolymer of an ⁇ -olefin and an ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid diester [weight-average molecular weight: 7000]
• Viscosity modifier J-3 an oligomer of ethylene and ⁇ -olefin [number-average molecular weight: 3700]
• the amount of the organic molybdenum compound in terms of the molybdenum element, the amount of the boron-containing dispersant in terms of the boron element, the amount of the performance additive in terms of phosphorus element, and the amount of the performance additive in terms of sulfur element were obtained by an ICP elemental analysis method.
• a four-ball test (ASTM D 4172) was carried out under the below-mentioned conditions, and a wear scar diameter (mm) was then measured, so that wear resistance was evaluated. In the present test, it means that the smaller the wear scar diameter, the better the wear resistance that can be achieved.
• Example 1 Example 2
• Example 3 Example 4
• Example 5 Example 6
• Example 7 Example 8
• Example 9 Base oil A-1 % by mass — 40 32 — — — — — — — — — Base oil A-2 % by mass 80 59 63 — — — 80 80 80
• Base oil A-3 % by mass — — — 40 — — — — — Base oil A-4 % by mass — — — 10 30 — — — — — Base oil A-5 % by mass — — — — 80 — — —
• Example Example 10 11 Example 12 13 Example 14 15 Example 16 17 Example 18 Base oil A-1 % by mass — — — — — — — — Base oil A-2 % by mass 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 Base oil A-3 % by mass — — — — — — — Base oil A-4 % by mass — — — — — — — Base oil A-5 % by mass — — — — — — — — Base oil B-1 % by mass 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

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