US20160199955A1 - Machine design comprising a machine tool - Google Patents

Machine design comprising a machine tool Download PDF

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Publication number
US20160199955A1
US20160199955A1 US14/909,463 US201414909463A US2016199955A1 US 20160199955 A1 US20160199955 A1 US 20160199955A1 US 201414909463 A US201414909463 A US 201414909463A US 2016199955 A1 US2016199955 A1 US 2016199955A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
spindle
axis
turning
machine tool
linear
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US14/909,463
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English (en)
Inventor
H.C. Burkhart Grob
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Grob Werke GmbH and Co KG
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Grob Werke GmbH and Co KG
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Assigned to GROB-WERKE GMBH & CO. KG reassignment GROB-WERKE GMBH & CO. KG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GROB, H.C. BURKHART
Publication of US20160199955A1 publication Critical patent/US20160199955A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/48—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs
    • B23Q1/4804—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single rotating pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/01—Frames, beds, pillars or like members; Arrangement of ways
    • B23Q1/015—Frames, beds, pillars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/01—Frames, beds, pillars or like members; Arrangement of ways
    • B23Q1/017—Arrangements of ways
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/48—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs
    • B23Q1/4852—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/48—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs
    • B23Q1/4852—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair
    • B23Q1/4866—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
    • B23Q3/15713—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C1/00—Milling machines not designed for particular work or special operations
    • B23C1/12—Milling machines not designed for particular work or special operations with spindle adjustable to different angles, e.g. either horizontal or vertical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q2220/00—Machine tool components
    • B23Q2220/006—Spindle heads
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/306664—Milling including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work
    • Y10T409/307672—Angularly adjustable cutter head
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/30784—Milling including means to adustably position cutter
    • Y10T409/307952—Linear adjustment
    • Y10T409/308232—Linear adjustment and angular adjustment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T483/00—Tool changing
    • Y10T483/17—Tool changing including machine tool or component
    • Y10T483/1733—Rotary spindle machine tool [e.g., milling machine, boring, machine, grinding machine, etc.]
    • Y10T483/1736—Tool having specific mounting or work treating feature
    • Y10T483/1743—Tool having specific mounting or work treating feature including means for angularly orienting tool and spindle
    • Y10T483/1745—Spindle angularly oriented to align with tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T483/00—Tool changing
    • Y10T483/17—Tool changing including machine tool or component
    • Y10T483/1733—Rotary spindle machine tool [e.g., milling machine, boring, machine, grinding machine, etc.]
    • Y10T483/1748—Tool changer between spindle and matrix
    • Y10T483/175—Plural matrices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a machine tool for machining a workpiece, the machine tool having a motor spindle for the rotative actuation of a tool about a spindle axis and the motor spindle being supported by a stand.
  • Generic machine tools are well known. They are often used to carry out a plurality of complicated machining processes at workpieces, for example, at cylinder heads or gearboxes.
  • generic machine tools are used as part of production lines, which are linked through respective chain or transport means, or are also used as stand-alone universal machines.
  • the workpiece can be positioned and machined with high precision along a plurality of axes relative to the tool.
  • it is also known to divide the linear and turning axes between the workpiece and the motor spindle.
  • the machining is, for example, carried out by a drilling or milling tool supported and actuated by a motor spindle.
  • a Cartesian configuration is often chosen, that is, the three mutually perpendicular spatial axes also describe the three linear axes along which the tool and/or tools is/are positionable.
  • turning axes are also provided to prevent a re-clamping of the workpiece, for example, in multi-sided machining, which respectively shortens the machining time of a workpiece.
  • this rotational axis only provides a relative position of the workpiece to the spindle axis of the motor spindle or to the tool, the advantage of moving a significantly smaller mass resulting in this instance, which is cost effective during implementation, but also more cost effective when operating the machine tool according to the present invention.
  • Subject matter of the application is a machine tool, at the stand of which a turning bearing is provided, and the motor spindle at the turning bearing is pivotable or positionable about a first turning axis, and a linear guide is provided at the motor spindle, which enables an advancing movement of the tool parallel to the spindle axis, and the machine tool has a workpiece support, which is movable and positionable along a preferably horizontally oriented workpiece guide describing a first linear axis, and a guide or a double guide for the turning bearing is provided at the stand in the direction of a preferably vertically oriented second linear axis, and the turning bearing is movable and positionable along this guide or double guide, and, in particular, the workpiece support is rotatable and positionable about a second turning axis.
  • This manner of implementation divides the respective linear axes into a movement of the tool and into a movement of the workpiece support.
  • the respective design engineering complexity is reduced because the design engineering implementation of different movements or turning axes in different elements is ultimately less expensive than the implementation of a linear and turning axis in one element.
  • the workpiece is movable at least along one linear axis.
  • a turning axis is also provided for the workpiece, it being here provided that a second, vertically oriented turning axis is implemented, as a result of which the workpiece is rotatable and positionable in a horizontal plane.
  • Such a concept is particularly desirable for heavy workpieces, the lifting of which requires significant force and also energy. In such application cases it is more suitable to position the axis consuming gravitational potential energy in the lighter element, in this case, in the motor spindle.
  • a corresponding turning actuator is provided for the movement and positioning.
  • a turning bearing is provided at the stand, and that the motor spindle at the turning bearing is pivotable and positionable about a first turning axis by means of a controllable turning actuator, and that a linear guide is provided at the motor spindle, which enables a linear movement of the tool parallel to the spindle axis by means of a controllable linear actuator, and that the rotary movement and the linear movement are overlaid during machining.
  • a linear guide is provided in the motor spindle, which enables an advancing movement of the tool, for example, parallel to the spindle axis.
  • a linear guide is provided at the motor spindle, which enables a linear movement of the tool parallel to the spindle axis by a controllable linear actuator.
  • The, for example, spindle sleeve-like embodiment has significant advantages because the motor spindle is only to be moved along one axis to cause the feed of the tool in the workpiece. Again, the masses to be moved are very small, meaning, relatively small and low-cost actuators make it possible to reach high speeds and high efficiency.
  • the mobility of the motor spindle along the linear guide provides an efficient solution in each rotation angle position of the motor spindle relative to the turning axis. In this instance, only masses which are actually needed for the advancing movement are moved. As it is provided by the well-known overlaying of the movement of two axes in the prior art, the stand and/or other heavy elements of the machine tool do not have to be moved for this purpose. In this instance, overlaying two independent movements results in a consequential movement; however, two actuators have to be activated and respectively large masses have to be moved, resulting in higher costs and inferior efficiency and accuracy.
  • the proposal advantageously provides that a linear guide is provided at the motor spindle, which enables a linear movement of the tool parallel to the spindle axis by a controllable linear actuator.
  • a rotary movement and a linear movement are overlaid during machining.
  • the advantageously proposed overlaying of the rotary movement and the linear movement results in 2 higher flexibility of the machine tool, this flexibility being realized by small-sized and, for this reason, cost effective actuators because the masses to be moved are small.
  • the turning actuator and the linear actuator both are respectively controllably equipped and, in this way, allow for a very high machining accuracy.
  • linear movement encompasses advancing motion and retracting motion, the advancing or retracting being with reference to a movement in the direction of the workpiece or away from the workpiece.
  • the turning axis of the turning bearing is located below the spindle axis.
  • the turning axis and the spindle axis are oriented perpendicular to each other. This, however, does not automatically entail that the turning axis and the spindle axis have to intersect.
  • the position of the axes is variably selectable in such a manner that the turning axis and the spindle axis intersect; in a different variation, the turning axis is situated above the spindle axis or, as preferably embodied, the turning axis is situated below the spindle axis.
  • Such an embodiment is particularly advantageous when a machining of the workpiece is to be carried out from above, thus, a machining, for example, in the vertical direction from the top to the bottom. Since the turning axis is, in this case, situated below the spindle axis, no stroke length is wasted in the vertical direction by the rotary movement.
  • the turning axis is in the vicinity of the tool holder of the retracted motor spindle.
  • the motor spindle At its end facing the workpiece, the motor spindle has a tool holder formed by a clamping device which holds on to the tool.
  • the motor spindle has a linear guide running parallel to the spindle axis, the linear guide enabling a controllable turning actuator to position the tool parallel to the spindle axis.
  • the tool holder is of course also correspondingly moved and positioned.
  • the retracted position of the motor spindle thus describes the position of the motor spindle in which the tool is maximally removed from the workpiece.
  • the position of the turning axis relative to the tool holder is described by an axial position with reference to the spindle axis and by a radial position also with reference to the spindle axis.
  • the turning axis lies maximally one to two diameters of the motor spindle below the spindle axis.
  • the axial position is, for example, defined over the total length of the retracted, thus, the non-extended motor spindle, for example, between 0 and 50% of this length with reference to the front end of the motor spindle of the tool holder.
  • the axial length of the turning axis can be between the center of the motor spindle and the tool holder, as it can also be in front of the tool holder, as a result of which the motor spindle is folded up during pivoting, particularly when in the vertical position, as a result of which stroke length is gained in the vertical direction.
  • the turning axis of the turning bearing thus lies in the front, near the tool holder, below the spindle axis.
  • the position of the turning axis in the front, near vis-à-vis the tool holder and below the spindle axis results in that the transverse forces arising, for example, when milling with a cutter head, only produce small moments. In order to achieve a high machining accuracy, these moments have to be reliably braced.
  • the spindle axis approaches the workpiece when pivoting in the vertical position; for example, this is the case when the turning axis does not extend over the front end of the tool holder.
  • the distance from the spindle nose (of the tool holder) to the vertical guide is small in the horizontal direction; in the vertical position, machining can be carried out extending far over the center of the workpiece support.
  • a preferred variation provides that a guide for the turning bearing is provided at the stand in the direction of a second linear axis (Y) and that the turning bearing is movable and positionable along this guide.
  • a guide for the turning bearing is provided at the stand in the direction of a second linear axis (Y) and that the turning bearing is movable and positionable along this guide.
  • an adjustable and controllable actuator is provided, by which a precise positioning of the turning bearing and, for this reason, also of the position of the motor spindle is achieved.
  • this second linear axis describes the vertical or Y-axis.
  • this proposal achieves that, due to the pivotability about the turning bearing, the motor spindle is adjustable and positionable in regard to its height position and inclination towards the horizontal.
  • the stand is formed by two stand parts spaced apart and that the turning bearing is synchronously movable and positionable on guides of the stand parts via guide slides.
  • the embodiment having two stand parts spaced apart results in a high stability of the stand.
  • the turning bearing is braced on both stand parts via at least respectively one guide slide, each stand part having an own actuator which are synchronized with each other.
  • a further preferable embodiment provides that the turning bearing is situated between the two stand parts or between the single guides of the double guide.
  • the two stand parts running parallel to each other describe one plane.
  • the guide slides are, for example, situated at the stand parts on the respectively facing inner sides.
  • the turning bearing is also located in or on the previously described plane.
  • the machine tool is, however, not limited hereto. It is also possible that the turning bearing is situated in front of the previously described plane and forms a bridge-like link between the two stand parts.
  • the stand is movable and positionable along a guide describing a first linear axis.
  • the rotational axis of the motor spindle is selected parallel to one of the linear axes, which, however, does not limit the present invention.
  • the rotational axis of the motor spindle also forms an angle with the linear axes, which preferably correspond to a Cartesian coordinate system.
  • the rotational axis of the motor spindle is parallel to a first linear axis, this first linear axis also being described in the nomenclature of the machine tool as Z-axis.
  • the allocation of the individual linear axes is free.
  • the turning bearing is fixedly attached to the stand and all movements, in particular along the linear axes, are carried out by the workpiece.
  • the first linear axis (Z-axis) is horizontally oriented and is reached by a linear guide, which is realized by at least two parallel running guide rails.
  • a further variation provides that the machine tool has a stand guide along a third linear axis for positioning the stand.
  • the motor spindle carries out all movements along the three spatial axes, the first (Z) axis and the third linear axis lying in one horizontal plane.
  • the inclinability of the motor spindle about a first turning axis achieves that also (vis-à-vis the horizontal) oblique machining is possible.
  • the arrangement of the workpiece support is selectable in such a manner that it also is movable and positionable along a workpiece guide describing first linear axis (Z).
  • controllable and adjustable actuators are respectively provided.
  • actuators For the mobility or positionability of the individual elements on their respective guides, actuators, preferably electric motors, are provided. Said actuators are respectively outfitted with high-precision positioning sensors and control algorithms to achieve a fast and highly precise positioning of the motor spindle relative to the workpiece, realized by positioning the stand and/or the motor spindle and/or the position of the motor spindle about the turning axis and/or the position of the workpiece support supporting the workpiece.
  • This characteristic applies to all movements along the linear axes, regardless whether the movement of the motor spindle, the stand or the workpiece support, and also to each turning, rotational or pivoting movement of a member about a corresponding turning or rotational axis.
  • a further variation provides that the workpiece support is rotatable and positionable about a second turning axis.
  • the second turning axis is parallel to the second linear axis and is preferably vertically oriented.
  • the motor spindle has a spindle sleeve which is mounted on the linear guide in the direction of the spindle axis and which is displaceable and positionable vis-à-vis the motor spindle housing.
  • a spindle sleeve enables an axial movement of the tool in the direction of the rotational axis of the tool.
  • the spindle sleeve or tool spindle sleeve enables two movements, the rotational movement of the tool and, furthermore, an independent linear movement to respectively advance the tool.
  • At least one further motor spindle is disposed, which is pivotable and positionable about the first turning axis at the turning bearing.
  • the respective spindle axes of the at least two motor spindles are oriented parallel to each other. It is often advantageous to carry out similar machining steps at the same workpieces (or at one workpiece) by means of machine tools equipped as previously described. In such a case, it is advantageous to orient the spindle axes of the at least two motor spindles in a parallel manner, as a result of which respective linear actuators also do not have to be redundantly held available, leading to a reduction in mass. Given an appropriate process planning, it may also be advantageous that the spindle axes of the motor spindles are differently oriented to one another because they, for example, carry out different processes at different or identical workpieces.
  • an adjusting device is provided to adjust the distance between the motor spindles.
  • the adjusting device comprises, for example, a corresponding guide and a locking mechanism fixing the motor spindles into the selected position.
  • the adjusting device is only manually actuatable because such an adjustment only occurs rarely or, however, such an adjusting device is implemented having an electrical, controllable actuator, as a result of which this adjustability becomes also available during machining.
  • a pivotable and positionable spindle bed is provided around the first turning axis.
  • a correspondingly controllable and adjustable rotational actuator or turning actuator is provided for the rotary movement.
  • the motor spindle is mounted via the linear guide in the direction of the spindle axis on or at the spindle bed.
  • the spindle bed describes a reception of the motor spindle at the turning bearing, the spindle bed not being limited to accommodating only one motor spindle.
  • a preferred embodiment provides that the spindle bed accommodates at least two motor spindles.
  • a common linear actuator for the at least two motor spindles a common linear actuator is provided or that for each of the at least two motor spindles respectively one own linear actuator is provided.
  • the use of a common linear actuator for a plurality of motor spindles has the advantage that the motor spindles, for example, form a unit, which in itself is stiffer and more stable, and that only one actuator is necessary. It is, however, also possible that each of the motor spindles situated at the spindle bed is assigned an own linear actuator, as a result of which then, for example, also movements independent from one another are possible.
  • the spindle bed is configured in a cage- or tunnel-like manner, in particular, in an integral or flexurally stable manner.
  • a tunnel-like configuration of the spindle bed is, for example, shown in FIG. 7 .
  • Such a configuration is particularly flexurally stable, which is advantageous for a high machining accuracy.
  • the bearing element of the turning bearing is situated at the front, particularly lower end of the spindle bed.
  • a further preferable embodiment provides that the spindle bed has clamping surfaces at the end of the spindle bed lying opposite of the bearing element.
  • the spindle bed is, on the one hand, connected at the turning bearing and, on the other hand, connected to the turning bearing via the clamping surfaces and a clamping device thereon engaging. Since these two bearing areas are spaced relatively far apart, a correspondingly stable bearing results because a greater part of the motor spindle is situated between these two bearing areas.
  • a preferred variation is characterized by a center position of the spindle axis pivotable about the turning axis of the bearing, in which the spindle axis is parallel to the first linear axis (Z or horizontal axis) and is pivotable and positionable in a pivot range of ⁇ 25° to +100°, preferably of ⁇ 20° o+95°, preferably of ⁇ 15° to +90°, vis-à-vis this center position.
  • this pivot range is described by a lower and an upper limit.
  • the lower limit is ⁇ 25°, ⁇ 20°, ⁇ 15°, ⁇ 10′;
  • the upper limit is +90°, +95°, +100°, +105°, +110°.
  • the application discloses any combination of the lower and upper limit; the skilled person is aware how such a configuration of the pivot range is to be implemented at the turning bearing.
  • negative angles describe a lifting or pivoting of the spindle axis upwards vis-à-vis the horizontal, as a result of which machining from below or diagonally below (in the upward direction) becomes possible.
  • Positive angles lower the spindle head and the tool thereon attached, as a result of which machining from above or diagonally above (in the downward direction) onto the workpiece becomes possible.
  • the advantage of disposing an own linear guide or spindle sleeve in the pivotable motor spindle is that, independent of the pivot angle, a feed axis is provided with constant accuracy for the tool.
  • a further advantage is that the independent feed axis in the motor spindle also supports the tool changing process.
  • the machine tool comprises a tool magazine having a tool changing device, and that for the approach movement for changing the tool at the tool changing device, the motor spindle or the spindle sleeve is positioned along linear guide parallel to the spindle axis.
  • the considerably smaller dimensioned and, for this reason, also less powerful actuator in the spindle sleeve or in the complete motor spindle (for example, the motor spindle is situated as a whole on a linear guide and is movable in the direction parallel to the spindle axis and not only a part of the tool spindle, as in the case of the spindle sleeve) enables to carry out a tool changing under low energy consumption. Since considerably smaller masses are to be moved, the changing process occurs faster and more gently.
  • the tool changing device is formed by a pivot arm movable by a pivot actuator, the pivot arm being movable and positionable along the first (Z) and/or the second (Y) linear axis by respectively one own actuator.
  • the linear axes, about which the pivot arm is longitudinally displaceable are respectively parallel to the corresponding linear axes which are provided with reference to the motor spindle and/or the workpiece support. In doing so, a geometric arrangement is facilitated.
  • the tool magazine is located at the side (for example, viewed in the direction of X) next to the stand, as a result of which the pivot movement of the pivot arm provided at the tool changing device is facilitated for pivoting tools into or out of the tool magazine.
  • the pivot arm itself has two grippers coupled to each other. As a rule, one gripper is empty for receiving the tool to be exchanged from the motor spindle and the second gripper carries the tool to be loaded.
  • a further variation provides that the turning bearing is formed in a fork- or claw-like manner by two turning bearing supports spaced apart and that the motor spindle or the spindle bed is situated between the turning bearing supports.
  • the position of the tool and the workpiece is decisively important for accurate and efficient machining at the lowest possible reject rate.
  • the turning bearing has an arc-shaped, in particular integrally formed clamping element, which is used for the purpose of fixing the clamping surface of the spindle bed at the clamping segment with aid of a clamping device.
  • a parallel running area of the clamping element for clamping is offered in any angle position of the rotation about the turning axis of the clamping surface provided at the spindle bed or motor spindle.
  • the pivoted motor spindle is stably and position-accurately fixed in any angular position.
  • the integrally formed clamping segment offers a stable construction which also supports a position-accurate fixing.
  • the turning bearing has a bearing counter element interacting with the spindle bed.
  • the proposal advantageously provides that at least one, preferably two screw ball drives actuatable by actuators are provided as turning actuators, which engage laterally at the spindle bed.
  • the screw ball drives are actuated by torque engines.
  • direct drives are, of course, also available as turning actuators.
  • the spindle bed is located between these two screw ball drives.
  • the configuration as screw ball drives is advantageous because said screw ball drives are very stable and position accurate, especially when overlaying the movement about the turning axis and the linear movement.
  • the first (Z), the second (Y) and the third (X) linear axis form a Cartesian system, meaning that these three axes are at right angles to one another in a clockwise-turning system.
  • the turning bearing configures the first turning axis, which preferably is oriented perpendicular to the first linear axis (Z).
  • the second linear axis (Y, in the vertical direction) is preferably oriented perpendicular to the first turning axis (A) and also oriented perpendicular to the first linear axis (Z).
  • the second linear axis runs vertically.
  • FIGS. 1 a , 4 a , 4 b each show a three-dimensional view of the machine tool in different positions;
  • FIGS. 2, 5 a , 5 b show in a side view the machine tool in a further machining position
  • FIG. 3 shows a frontal view onto the machine tool (in the direction of the Z-axis according to FIG. 1 a );
  • FIG. 6 shows an enlarged detail of the bearing of the motor spindle of the machine tool in a side view
  • FIG. 7 shows an implementation variation of the spindle bed of a machine tool in a three-dimensional view.
  • Machine tool 1 is shown in FIG. 1 a, b in two different machining positions.
  • Machine tool 1 is used for machining a workpiece 9 situated on a workpiece support 90 .
  • Machine tool 1 comprises, inter alia, a motor spindle 2 for the rotative actuation of a tool about a spindle axis 20 .
  • Machine tool 1 has, inter alia, also a stand 3 supporting motor spindle 2 .
  • a turning bearing 4 is provided at stand 3 , which forms a first turning axis A about which motor spindle 2 is pivotable and positionable.
  • the geometric design is chosen in such a manner that turning axis A intersects with spindle axis 20 , however, without limiting the present invention thereto.
  • FIG. 1 a a labeled Cartesian coordinate system is indicated to the right next to machine tool 1 , which illustrates the used nomenclature.
  • This Cartesian system is primarily described by linear axes X, Y and Z, the Z-axis preferably running parallel and (for machines not having a pivotable motor spindle) is at least parallel to spindle axis 20 of motor spindle 2 .
  • linear axis Z is also described as first linear axis.
  • the Y-axis is used as second linear axis and the X-axis is described as third linear axis.
  • the nomenclature also specifies the reference for the possible, different rotational axes A, B, a rotation about the Y-axis being referenced as rotation about the B-axis.
  • a rotation is at the same time also described as rotation about a second turning axis.
  • a rotation or pivotability about the X-axis is also described as rotation about the A-axis; this corresponds, within the context of the disclosure of this application, also to a rotation about the first rotational axis.
  • a pivoting of motor spindle 2 about a first turning axis is provided, which is not limiting the present invention to that the turning axis is mandatorily parallel to a horizontally or vertically running spatial axis or linear axis.
  • the turning axis is mandatorily parallel to a horizontally or vertically running spatial axis or linear axis.
  • the present invention and disclosure also comprises these variations.
  • Workpiece support 90 is movable and positionable along (horizontal or third) linear axis X.
  • workpiece bed 92 is provided having two parallel running workpiece guides 91 , which are oriented running parallel and in the X-direction.
  • An adjustable and controllable actuator for workpiece support 90 which is correspondingly movable and accurately positionable on workpiece guides 91 , is provided in workpiece bed 92 .
  • a pivotability of workpiece support 90 about horizontally running second rotational axis B is also provided, which additionally enables a multi-sided machining and, for this reason, a more flexible machining of workpiece 9 by motor spindle 2 .
  • This is realized by a turntable, which is situated in displaceable workpiece support 90 .
  • Stand 3 is movable and positionable along a linear guide 31 .
  • linear guide 31 is formed by two parallel running guide tracks 32 via which stand 3 is braced by means of stand feet 33 .
  • the longitudinal extension of guide 31 is in the direction of first linear axis Z.
  • motor spindle 2 is movable and positionable along a guide 30 , guide 30 also being formed by guide rails, which here are not visible, and, more specifically, motor spindle 2 rests on this guide 30 via turning bearing 4 .
  • this guide 30 extents longitudinally in the vertical direction, parallel to second linear axis Y.
  • the design of stand 3 is as follows.
  • Motor spindle slide 23 is provided on guide 30 of stand 3 for the displaceability of the motor spindle in the direction of the Y-axis.
  • motor spindle slide 23 is identical with turning bearing 4 ; in the here shown exemplary embodiment, this component has a plurality of tasks described by various terms.
  • Turning bearing 4 can also be fixed in place.
  • Turning bearing 4 itself is made up of two fork-, bracket- or yoke-like arranged turning bearing supports 40 , which form a solid and stable counter bearing for the rotary movement of motor spindle 2 and which in between each other accommodate and mount motor spindle 2 or spindle bed 22 .
  • Motor spindle 2 itself is mounted in a spindle bed 22 , which holds the connections to the turning shaft forming turning axis A at turning bearing 4 .
  • motor spindle 2 it is possible to rotatably mount motor spindle 2 without situating a spindle bed 22 in turning bearing 4 .
  • the rotational actuator for pivoting motor spindle 2 about turning axis A of turning bearing 4 is, for example, located in turning bearing support 40 or on the sides of motor spindle 2 or of spindle bed 22 .
  • Motor spindle 2 has spindle head 24 , which accommodates, clamps and rotatively actuates tool 81 (see FIG. 3 ) for machining purposes.
  • a substantial advantage of the proposal is in that, at machine tool 1 , a comprehensive tool magazine 8 is provided which, in relation to motor spindle 2 , is located laterally next to motor spindle 2 in stand 3 .
  • Tool magazine 8 is formed by a plurality of tool magazine disks 82 , which are arrangeable one above the other or one behind the other; in the embodiment shown here ( FIG. 1 a ), four tool magazine disks 82 in total are provided, two tool magazine disks 82 being arranged one above the other and thereof two rows being arranged one behind the other. In this way, it is possible to keep a large stock of tools 81 in tool magazine 8 .
  • a tool changing device 80 is provided in order to load or exchange tools 81 into and from spindle head 24 of motor spindle 2 .
  • Said tool changing device is made up of a pivot arm 83 which is pivotable about a pivot axis 84 parallel to the Z axis.
  • pivot arm 83 is movable and positionable in the Y-direction (see double arrows in FIG. 3 ); a special actuator is provided for this purpose. Furthermore, in order to reach the two tool magazine disks 82 arranged one behind the other, a mobility of pivot arm 83 in the Z-direction is also provided. The vertical displaceability of the tool changing device enables that pivot arm 83 reaches the lower as well as the upper tool magazine disk 82 for mounting or removing tool 81 .
  • FIG. 1 b shows machine tool 1 in a different position of use.
  • the position of turning bearing 4 at stand 3 is changed, namely, turning bearing 4 is moved completely upwards. Furthermore, motor spindle 2 is pivoted about the first rotational axis or turning axis A in such a manner that spindle axis 20 encloses an acute angle with the horizontal and motor spindle 2 or its head 24 points downward. This position enables a machining at workpiece 9 from the top to the bottom under an oblique angle up to an upper limit angle.
  • linear guide 21 (compare FIG. 2 ) is provided which, with motor spindle 2 , is pivotable and positionable about the first turning axis A and enables an advancing movement of tool 81 parallel to spindle axis 20 .
  • This linear guide 21 is implementable in different manners.
  • complete motor spindle 2 is mounted at a linear guide 21 and is longitudinally displaceable vis-à-vis spindle bed 22 (or turning bearing 4 ).
  • a linear guide is provided in motor spindle 2 , which, for example, leads to the peakedness of a spindle sleeve in which the drive shaft is thus pushed forward out of motor spindle 2 .
  • the considerably lighter motor spindle 2 is now inclined about first turning axis A to carry out a respective drilling or other machining of the workpiece.
  • the displaceability of motor spindle 2 or of a part of motor spindle 2 along linear guide 21 is not, however, only advantageous for efficient and fast machining; it can also be used in the tool changing process when, for example, a retracting motion is to be imprinted into spindle head 24 to retract the tool shaft from spindle head 24 .
  • this additional linear axis is advantageous because actuators can be designed considerably smaller and, for this reason, are also more cost effective during operation.
  • pivoting shown in FIG. 1 b occurs in pivot range having positive signs and can reach up to 100° or 110° relative to the horizontal, without the present invention being limited hereto.
  • FIG. 2 shows a pivoting into the negative range in such a manner that spindle head 24 is inclined in the upward direction.
  • Double arrow 27 indicates the bidirectional displaceability of motor spindle 2 or parts of motor spindle 2 along linear guide 21 . This results into a respective approach movement of spindle head 24 in the direction of workpiece 9 .
  • the rotatability of spindle bed. 22 together with motor spindle 2 about turning axis A is shown by double arrow 26 .
  • motor spindle slides 23 can slide through downwards between two guide rails 32 of guide 31 of stand 3 and, in this way, make room for carrying out respective machining also in the lower area of workpiece 9 .
  • guide rails 32 in stand 3 which support or brace motor spindle slide 23 , have a smaller distance to each other than guide rails 32 bracing stand 3 via stand feet 33 , which also are situated laterally at stand 3 .
  • FIG. 4 a substantially shows the same shown in FIG. 1 a .
  • the turning bearing supports are hidden by a covering 47 .
  • a further difference to the illustration according to FIG. 1 a is the arrangement of turning axis A vis-à-vis the spindle axis 20 which, as here illustrated, is implemented below spindle axis 20 .
  • FIG. 4 b is comparable to FIG. 1 b .
  • turning bearing 4 is pushed up vertically in the upward direction at stand 3 .
  • spindle axis 20 is also pivoted vis-à-vis the orientation according to FIG. 4 a in such a manner that the front end of motor spindle 2 supporting tool holder 28 is pivoted downwards.
  • FIG. 4 b the front end of motor spindle 2 is, vis-à-vis the situation according to FIG. 4 a , pushed forward out of housing 47 ; this is achieved in that a linear guide is provided which enables a linear movement of tool holder 28 parallel to spindle axis 20 .
  • tool holder 28 accommodates the not-shown tool and firmly holds said tool during machining.
  • FIG. 5 a The situation shown in FIG. 5 a is comparable to the situation shown in FIG. 2 . Different from FIG. 2 , it can be clearly seen in FIG. 5 a that turning axis A runs below spindle axis 20 , even though spindle axis 20 is here not horizontal but slightly inclined diagonally upwards. Conspicuous in FIG. 5 a (compared to FIG. 2 ) is also the embodiment of an arc-shaped clamping segment 41 at turning bearing 4 . This design engineering detail will be described within the context of FIG. 6 .
  • FIG. 5 b shows, on the one hand, stand 3 , which is slid in the Z-direction entirely forward, in such a manner that turning bearing 4 is positioned above workpiece support 90 .
  • motor spindle 2 is pivoted about turning axis A into a vertical position; a workpiece 9 resting on workpiece support 90 could be machined from above.
  • Machine tool 1 shown in FIG. 5 b is here also entirely shown having a housing 94 closing off machining space 93 ; of course, housing 94 has at least one door 95 for in- and out-transporting workpieces 9 .
  • a chip receptacle or chip conveyor located between the two workpiece guides 91 .
  • a clamping device 5 In order to accurately align motor spindle 2 at turning bearing 4 , a clamping device 5 , a clamping surface 50 and an arc-shaped clamping segment 41 interact.
  • Arc-shaped clamping segment 41 is fixedly and stably, preferably as one piece, implemented at turning bearing 4 and is used to fix with high precision accuracy clamping surface 50 , provided at motor spindle 2 or spindle bed 22 accommodating motor spindle 2 , with aid of clamping device 5 .
  • FIG. 6 shows in an enlarged detail the configuration of motor spindle 2 kept in spindle bed 22 .
  • FIG. 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of spindle bed 22 in an enlarged detail.
  • Spindle bed 22 is formed in a tunnel-like manner; it is open at its end faces (with reference to spindle axis 20 not shown ere) and is preferably formed from two parts, the first part, base part 200 , formed in a U-shape in the direction of the spindle axis or perpendicular to the opening, is preferably made from one piece to ensure a high stability and which is closed off on the top by a lid part 201 .
  • lid part 201 connects two webs 203 , 203 ′ of U-shaped base part 200 .
  • a bearing element 42 is provided in the lower area in base part 200 , which here, for example, is configured as a penetrating opening for accommodating a turn pin or shaft, which is not shown.
  • clamping surface 50 is provided, which interacts with clamping segment 41 and clamping device 5 .
  • base part 200 has a plurality of openings 202 without reducing the overall stability and stiffness of base part 200 and of spindle bed 22 .
  • Bearing element 42 is situated below motor spindle 2 .
  • At least one pivot point 51 is located in the rear area, allocated to rear end 28 or to its last third or quarter or fifth, at which turning actuator 44 (see FIG. 6 ) engages.
  • turning axis A is implemented in turning pin 48 connecting bearing element 42 with bearing counter element 43 .
  • spindle bed 22 has bearing element 42 , which interacts with bearing counter element 43 provided at turning bearing 4 and with aid of turning pin 47 .
  • turning axis A runs below spindle axis 20 .
  • Pivot point 51 is located above spindle axis 20 .
  • a rod of turning actuator 44 engages at this pivot point 51 .
  • Turning actuator 44 affects that motor spindle 2 is rotatable and fixable about turning axis A in a controllable, position accurate and highly stable manner.
  • the turning actuator is implemented by a screw ball drive 46 , which is actuated by an actuation motor or actuator 45 , and, in this way, exercises a linear movement, which pivots pivot point 51 about turning axis A.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Units (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
US14/909,463 2013-08-01 2014-07-31 Machine design comprising a machine tool Abandoned US20160199955A1 (en)

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KR20160032134A (ko) 2016-03-23
US20160193704A1 (en) 2016-07-07
WO2015014948A8 (fr) 2016-04-28
EP3027356A2 (fr) 2016-06-08
KR101932912B1 (ko) 2018-12-27
WO2015014961A3 (fr) 2015-04-23
US9878409B2 (en) 2018-01-30
DE202014103569U9 (de) 2015-04-16
US20160176002A1 (en) 2016-06-23
WO2015014970A3 (fr) 2015-04-09
KR20160032135A (ko) 2016-03-23
CN105492160A (zh) 2016-04-13
DE102014110927A1 (de) 2015-02-05
WO2015014961A2 (fr) 2015-02-05
CN105682852A (zh) 2016-06-15
WO2015014948A2 (fr) 2015-02-05
EP3027354A2 (fr) 2016-06-08
CN105451933A (zh) 2016-03-30
WO2015014970A2 (fr) 2015-02-05
EP3027355A2 (fr) 2016-06-08
KR20160032136A (ko) 2016-03-23
DE102014110926A1 (de) 2015-02-05
WO2015014948A3 (fr) 2015-04-02
DE202014103569U1 (de) 2014-10-30

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