US20160168855A1 - Corrosion-protected tension member and plastically deformable disc of corrosion protection material for such a tension member - Google Patents

Corrosion-protected tension member and plastically deformable disc of corrosion protection material for such a tension member Download PDF

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Publication number
US20160168855A1
US20160168855A1 US14/908,647 US201414908647A US2016168855A1 US 20160168855 A1 US20160168855 A1 US 20160168855A1 US 201414908647 A US201414908647 A US 201414908647A US 2016168855 A1 US2016168855 A1 US 2016168855A1
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Prior art keywords
tension
tension member
disc
plastically deformable
corrosion
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Abandoned
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US14/908,647
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English (en)
Inventor
Werner Brand
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DYWIDAG-SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL GmbH
Dywidag Systems International GmbH
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DYWIDAG-SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL GmbH
Dywidag Systems International GmbH
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Assigned to DYWIDAG-SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL GMBH reassignment DYWIDAG-SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BRAND, WERNER
Publication of US20160168855A1 publication Critical patent/US20160168855A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E04C5/122—Anchoring devices the tensile members are anchored by wedge-action
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/14—Towers; Anchors ; Connection of cables to bridge parts; Saddle supports

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a corrosion-protected tension member comprising a plurality of tension elements and an anchor device having an anchor element which comprises through-holes intended for the tension elements to pass through, is in contact with the tension elements so as to absorb tensile forces therefrom, and is designed and intended to indirectly or directly transfer said tensile forces to a higher-level structure, at least one resiliently compressible sealing ring which is arranged on the side of the anchor element facing away from the free ends of the tension elements and which comprises through-holes intended for the tension elements to pass through, and a support device which is arranged on the side of the at least one sealing ring facing away from the anchor element and comprises through-holes intended for the tension elements to pass through.
  • Corrosion-protected tension members of this kind are used for example as tendons, in particular for prestressed concrete structures such as bridges, tanks or towers, or as stay cables, in particular for cable-stayed structures, in particular cable-stayed bridges, extradosed bridges or arched bridges.
  • EP 0 703 326 A1 discloses a generic tension member which is used as a tendon for prestressed concrete
  • WO 03/083216 A1 discloses a generic tension member which is used as a stay cable for a cable-stayed bridge.
  • the object of the invention is therefore that of providing a corrosion-protected tension member of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the corrosion protection can be ensured in a simple and cost-effective manner.
  • a tension member of the type mentioned at the outset in which at least one plastically deformable disc made of an anti-corrosion material is arranged between the anchor element and the at least one sealing ring when the tension member is in a state in which it is pre-assembled but not yet under tensile stress.
  • the invention takes advantage of the fact that a surface force which is directed substantially in the longitudinal extension direction of the tension elements must, in any case, be exerted on the at least one sealing ring by means of the support device in order to activate the sealing effect of the at least one sealing ring.
  • said surface force compresses not only the at least one sealing ring, but also the at least one plastically deformable disc made of anti-corrosion material, as a result of which the anti-corrosion material is automatically pressed into all the gaps and cavities in the tension member and fills them.
  • the separate work step of injecting anti-corrosion material can therefore be omitted, which reduces the costs of assembling the tension member according to the invention.
  • the surface force mentioned above can be generated independently of stressing the tension elements, for example by means of pushing together the anchor element, the at least one plastically deformable disc, the at least one sealing ring and the support device, by means of a compression device.
  • said compression device can comprise a plurality of threaded rods which penetrate the above-mentioned elements and are in threaded engagement with threaded nuts on the free surface of the anchor element and the free surface of the support device.
  • Pre-filling of the gaps and cavities which are to be filled with anti-corrosion agent can be carried out in that the at least one plastically deformable disc made of anti-corrosion material is formed as a complete disc. Since the at least one plastically deformable disc made of anti-corrosion material does not have any through-holes when in the form of a complete disc, in particular no through-holes for guiding through the tension elements, said elements must penetrate the resiliently deformable complete disc during assembly, as a result of which said elements are wetted with anti-corrosion material on the surface thereof.
  • assembly can be carried out for example by first forming the stacked arrangement of the support device, the at least one sealing ring and the at least one plastically deformable disc, and subsequently threading the tension element through said stacked arrangement.
  • the at least one plastically deformable disc made of anti-corrosion material can comprise through-holes intended for the tension elements to pass through.
  • the tension elements can first be assembled and subsequently the support device, the at least one sealing ring and the at least one plastically deformable disc can be threaded onto the tension elements.
  • any material which has anti-corrosion properties can be used as the anti-corrosion material.
  • the cone penetration of the anti-corrosion material it is advantageous for the cone penetration of the anti-corrosion material to be of between approximately 60 ⁇ 0.1 mm and approximately 100 ⁇ 0.1 mm at a temperature of 25° C.
  • Anti-corrosion material having a cone penetration above this value range makes it more difficult to produce a plastically deformable disc which can be handled in a simple manner on the construction site, while it is more difficult to completely fill the gaps and cavities with anti-corrosion material in the case of a cone penetration below this value range.
  • the anti-corrosion material can be microcrystalline wax.
  • a suitable microcrystalline wax can be obtained under the trade name NONTRIBOS® VZ-inject from August Gähringer Carl Gähringer e.K. Fabrik thoughr ⁇ le & Fette, for example.
  • Vaseline and other petroleum-based duroplastic anti-corrosion materials can also be used.
  • the volume of the anti-corrosion material per tension element is at least equal to the product of the length of the anchor element in the longitudinal extension direction of the tension elements and the surface area of the annulus between the tension element and the through-hole in the anchor element through which the tension element is guided.
  • the value of the surface area of the annulus can be between approximately 30 mm 2 and 180 mm 2 .
  • the modulus of elasticity of the at least one sealing ring and the resistance of the at least one plastically deformable disc to plastic deformation, respectively based on a compression force acting in the longitudinal direction of the tension elements, to be matched to each other such that the boundary surfaces of the through-holes in the at least one sealing ring are in sealing contact on the tension elements before the at least one plastically deformable disc has been deformed by more than 5% of the thickness thereof measured in the longitudinal direction of the tension elements.
  • the at least one plastically deformable disc can be assigned at least one resistance element which increases the resistance of said disc to plastic deformation.
  • the at least one resistance element can be formed from a resiliently and/or plastically deformable element for example.
  • the at least one resistance element can be embedded in the anti-corrosion material or can surround the at least one plastically deformable disc, for example in an annular manner.
  • said element is considered, within the context of the present invention, to be associated with the at least one plastically deformable disc made of anti-corrosion material.
  • the anchor element in a development of the invention it is therefore proposed, according to a first variant, for the anchor element to have a stamp portion which, when the tension member is in the state in which it is pre-assembled but not yet under tensile stress, engages in a sleeve in which the at least one plastically deformable disc, the at least one sealing ring and the support device are received.
  • the engagement of the stamp portion of the anchor element in the sleeve forms a seal which at least impedes, if not completely prevents, the undesired escape of anti-corrosion material.
  • the sleeve can be in force-transmitting engagement with the higher-level structure, for example can be embedded in concrete in the higher-level structure, and can have a bearing flange at the end thereof facing the anchor element, with which flange the anchor element is in force-transmitting contact when the tension member is in the state in which it is fully assembled and placed under tensile stress.
  • the above-mentioned bearing shoulder which is fixed to the structure can also be formed on said sleeve.
  • the anchor element is also conceivable for the anchor element to be connected in an operationally stable manner to a sleeve in which the at least one plastically deformable disc, the at least one sealing ring and the support device are received.
  • a bearing element can advantageously further be provided which is in force-transmitting engagement with the higher-level structure and with which the anchor element or a force-transferring element connected to said anchor element in an operationally stable manner is in force-transmitting contact when the tension member is in the state in which it is fully assembled and placed under tensile stress.
  • Both operationally stable connections of this variant can be achieved by means of integral formation, screwing, welding or in another suitable manner.
  • the at least one plastically deformable disc, the at least one sealing ring and the support device can in addition be advantageous for the at least one plastically deformable disc, the at least one sealing ring and the support device to be guided by the outer peripheral surfaces thereof along an inner surface of the sleeve.
  • the sleeve can be made of metal, preferably steel, for example as a cast part.
  • first variant is suitable for example for surface force generation according to the second alternative explained above
  • second variant is suitable for example for surface force generation according to the first alternative explained above.
  • the support device can be formed simply by a spacer disc, which can be manufactured for example from plastics material, in particular polyethylene.
  • the spacer disc can be manufactured from metal, for example steel.
  • the support device it is also conceivable for the support device to also comprise, in addition to the spacer disc, a pressure plate manufactured for example from metal, for example steel.
  • the tension elements of the tension member according to the invention can be tension elements which are known per se.
  • tension elements which are known per se.
  • a monostrand is understood as a single strand formed from seven wires and surrounded by a cladding of plastics material, preferably polyethylene, the intermediate space between the wires and the cladding being filled with anti-corrosion material, for example anti-corrosion grease.
  • strands can also be used which are coated with synthetic resin, for example epoxy resin (known as epoxy-coated strands).
  • these two types of tension elements mainly differ in that, in the case of the monostrands, the plastics cladding has to be removed from the point at which the tapered collar transmitting the tensile forces between the tension elements and the anchor element is arranged, whereas the synthetic resin coating can be left in the case of the epoxy-coated strands.
  • a sleeve-like retaining element can be arranged between the end of the plastics cladding and the force-transmission point of each tension element.
  • the through-holes for the tension elements which are formed in the anchor element so as to be stepped, the step forming a retaining surface for the plastics cladding.
  • the at least one sealing ring can be manufactured from a soft rubber, for example nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR, known for example under the trade name Perbunan®) or chloroprene rubber (CR).
  • NBR nitrile butadiene rubber
  • CR chloroprene rubber
  • the invention further relates to a plastically deformable disc made of anti-corrosion material which is intended and designed to be used in a corrosion-protected tension member according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section through a tension member according to the invention which can be used as a tendon, in particular for prestressed concrete structures, when in the fully assembled and stressed state;
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section of the tension member according to FIG. 1 when in the pre-assembled but not yet stressed state;
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are longitudinal sections similar to FIGS. 1 and 2 of another tension member according to the invention which can be used as a stay cable, in particular for cable-stayed structures.
  • FIG. 1 shows a tendon 10 , such as can be used in particular for prestressed concrete structures such as bridges, tanks or towers, as a first embodiment of a corrosion-protected tension member according to the invention, in the state thereof when fully assembled and stressed in the concrete of the prestressed concrete structure 12 .
  • the tendon 10 comprises a plurality of tension elements 14 , each of which can be formed of a steel wire strand coated with synthetic resin.
  • Epoxy resin for example, can be used as the synthetic resin, the tension elements 14 in this case being referred to for short in technical language as “epoxy-coated strands”.
  • the tension elements 14 are in tensile-force transmitting contact with an anchor disc 16 which is manufactured from steel for example.
  • the anchor disc 16 is provided with a plurality of through-holes 18 which each have an inner cylindrical portion 18 a which transitions into a conical portion 18 b on the side facing away from the prestressed concrete structure 12 .
  • Each of the conical portions 18 b is used to receive a multipart tapered collar 20 which encompasses the associated tension element 14 with a positive and non-positive fit and transmits the tensile forces from the tension element 14 to the anchor disc 16 .
  • the anchor disc 16 is supported on the outer surface 12 a of the structure 12 by means of an abutment flange 22 a of a substantially tubular anchor body 22 which is embedded in concrete in the structure 12 and can be manufactured for example as a cast part, in particular made of cast iron.
  • the anchor body 22 forms a tubular covering for the tension elements 14 extending from the surface 12 a of the structure 12 towards the inside of the structure 12 , which covering can be lengthened, if desired, towards the inside of the structure 12 by means of a further tube 24 .
  • a smooth or profiled plastics tube for example, in particular a polyethylene tube, a sheet metal tube or the like, can be used as the further tube 24 .
  • the tension elements 14 which extend inside the structure 12 slightly obliquely relative to the tension axis A of the tension member 10 are deflected by means of a spacer disc 26 arranged inside the anchor body 22 so as to penetrate the anchor disc 16 in a manner extending substantially in parallel with the tension axis A.
  • the spacer disc 26 is provided with a plurality of correspondingly formed through-holes 26 a .
  • the spacer disc 26 can be manufactured for example from plastics material, in particular polyethylene.
  • a sealing ring 28 is arranged on the side of the spacer disc 26 facing the anchor disc 16 , which ring in turn comprises a plurality of through-holes 28 a for the tension elements 14 to pass through.
  • the sealing ring 28 can be manufactured for example from a soft rubber, for example nitrile butadiene rubber or chloroprene rubber.
  • the sealing ring 28 is supported on the spacer disc 26 .
  • the spacer disc 26 can in turn be indirectly or directly supported on the anchor body 22 .
  • said disc is supported on an inner annular shoulder 22 b of the anchor body 22 for example. If the internal stability of the spacer disc 26 were not sufficient for this, for example due to too large a diameter, a further support disc, preferably manufactured from metal, could in addition be provided between the spacer disc 26 and the annular shoulder 22 b.
  • a plastically deformable disc 30 made of anti-corrosion material is further arranged between the sealing ring 28 and the anchor disc 16 during assembly of the tension member 10 .
  • This plastically deformable disc 30 made of anti-corrosion material can also comprise a plurality of through-holes for the tension elements 14 .
  • the plastically deformable disc 30 can also be formed as a complete disc, meaning that the tension elements 14 have to be pushed through the plastically deformable material of the disc 30 during assembly, as a result of which the surface of said elements is, at this time, already wetted with anti-corrosion material.
  • a stamp portion 16 a of the anchor disc engages in the anchor body 22 and presses against the plastically deformable disc 30 . Since said plastically deformable disc is clamped between the anchor disc 16 and the sealing ring 28 it plastically deforms such that the anti-corrosion material is automatically, i.e. as part of the stressing process, pressed into all the cavities still present in the tension member 10 when said member is unstressed, in particular into the cavities present between the tension elements 14 and the inner walls of the through-holes 18 and in the tapered collars 20 . Since these cavities are thus substantially completely filled with anti-corrosion material, penetration of moisture and dirt can be reliably prevented.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show a second embodiment of a tension member according to the invention.
  • the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4 differs from the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 mainly in that it does not relate to a tendon 10 such as is used in particular for prestressed concrete structures, but relates to a stay cable such as is used in particular in cable-stayed structures, for example cable-stayed bridges, extradosed bridges or arched bridges. Therefore, in FIGS. 3 and 4 similar parts are provided with the same reference signs as in FIGS. 1 and 2 , but increased by 100.
  • the tension member or the stay cable 110 is described in the following only to the extent that it differs from the tendon 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2 , to the description of which reference is otherwise explicitly made hereby.
  • the tension member or stay cable 110 comprises a plurality of individual tension elements 114 , each of which can be formed for example as monostrands.
  • a monostrand is understood as a single strand formed from seven wires and surrounded by a cladding of plastics material, preferably polyethylene, the intermediate space between the wires and the cladding being filled with anti-corrosion material, for example anti-corrosion grease.
  • the tension elements 114 are in tensile force-transmitting contact with an anchor disc 116 manufactured from steel for example.
  • the anchor disc 116 is provided with a plurality of through-holes 118 , like the anchor disc 16 of the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • Conical portions 118 b of the through-holes 118 which are connected to cylindrical portions 118 a , are used to receive tapered collars 120 which encompass the tension elements 114 with a positive and non-positive fit.
  • the cladding of the tension elements 114 is removed at the point at which the tapered collars 120 are arranged. This can be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4 from the fact that, in the portions of the tension elements 114 (on the left-hand side in FIGS. 3 and 4 ) in which the cladding has been removed, the torsion of the wires of the strands is indicated by oblique lines, whereas the tension elements 114 in the clad portions (on the right-hand side in FIGS. 3 and 4 ) are shown having smooth walls.
  • spacer sleeves 140 on the strands, between the end of the cladding and the tapered collars 120 .
  • the outer peripheral surface of the anchor disc 116 is provided with a thread 116 b , on which a ring nut 142 is screwed.
  • the anchor disc 116 and the ring nut 142 together form an anchor device 144 which is supported on the outer surface 112 a of the structure 112 via a bearing plate 122 .
  • the anchor device 144 is supported on the bearing plate 122 by means of the ring nut 142 .
  • the bearing plate 122 can be manufactured from steel for example. Furthermore, said plate can be inserted in a recess in the structure 112 provided for this purpose, or can be embedded in concrete in the structure 112 . In principle, however, the anchor device 144 can also be directly supported on the structure 112 .
  • the anchor device 44 there consists purely of the anchor disc 16 .
  • a tube 124 can be connected to the bearing plate 122 inside the structure 112 , which tube protects the tension elements 114 from the concrete of the structure 112 .
  • the tube 124 can be a smooth or profiled plastics tube for example, in particular a polyethylene tube, a smooth or profiled metal tube, in particular a steel tube, or the like.
  • the anchor disc 116 is connected to a further tube 146 inside the concrete of the structure 112 .
  • the further tube 146 can be screwed onto the anchor disc 116 for example or welded thereto.
  • a spacer disc 126 is received in this further tube, which spacer disc deflects the tension elements 114 , which extend slightly obliquely relative to the tension axis A of the tension member 110 inside the concrete of the structure 112 , such that said tension elements penetrate the anchor disc 116 in a manner extending substantially in parallel with the tension axis A.
  • the spacer disc 126 is provided with a plurality of correspondingly formed through-holes 126 a .
  • the spacer disc 126 can be manufactured from plastics material for example, in particular polyethylene.
  • sealing rings 128 are arranged on the side of the spacer disc 126 facing the anchor disc 116 , which sealing rings likewise comprise a plurality of through-holes 128 a for the tension elements 114 to pass through.
  • the sealing rings 128 can be manufactured for example from a soft rubber, for example nitrile butadiene rubber or chloroprene rubber. In principle, however, it is also conceivable to use fewer or more than three sealing rings.
  • the sealing ring 128 which is furthest from the anchor disc 116 is supported on the spacer disc 126 .
  • the spacer disc 126 is in turn supported on a support disc 148 which is preferably manufactured from metal.
  • the support disc 148 is in turn held on the anchor disc 116 by means of a plurality of threaded rods 152 fitted with threaded nuts 150 , 151 .
  • a plastically deformable disc 130 made of anti-corrosion material is further arranged between the sealing ring 128 closest to the anchor disc 116 and the anchor disc 116 .
  • This plastically deformable disc 130 made of anti-corrosion material can also comprise a plurality of through-holes for the tension elements 114 .
  • this is not necessarily required.
  • the plastically deformable disc 130 can also be formed as a complete disc, meaning that the tension elements 114 have to be pushed through the plastically deformable material of the disc 130 during assembly, as a result of which the surface thereof is wetted with anti-corrosion material.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 A further difference between the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2 on the one hand and FIGS. 3 and 4 on the other hand consists in the fact that, in the case of the tension member or stay cable 110 , the process of stressing the tension elements 114 is separated from the process of activating the sealing rings 128 and the plastic deformation of the disc 130 made of anti-corrosion material, whereas both processes take place simultaneously according to the above description of the tension member or tendon 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • the sealing rings 128 can be activated and the disc 130 made of anti-corrosion material can be plastically deformed, whereby the threaded nuts 151 of the threaded rods 152 are tightened. Since the disc 130 is clamped between the anchor disc 116 and the sealing rings 128 , said disc plastically deforms such that the anti-corrosion material is automatically, i.e. as part of this second stressing process, pressed into the cavities still present in the tension member 110 when said member is unstressed, in particular into the cavities present between the tension elements 114 and the inner walls of the through-holes 118 and in the tapered collars 120 . Again, the subsequent injection of anti-corrosion material after the tension member has been stressed, which has been necessary up to now in the prior art, can be eliminated in this manner.
  • At least one resistance element of this kind can also be used in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • the free ends 14 a and 114 a , respectively, of the tension elements 14 and 114 , respectively, projecting out of the anchor disc 16 and 116 , respectively, can be protected from external influences, in particular weather-related influences, by means of a cap (not shown) which can preferably be filled with anti-corrosion material.
  • the fixing points for said cap are provided on the abutment flange 22 a in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 and are denoted by 56 therein, whereas they are provided on the ring nut 142 in the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4 and are denoted by 156 therein.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
US14/908,647 2013-08-01 2014-07-30 Corrosion-protected tension member and plastically deformable disc of corrosion protection material for such a tension member Abandoned US20160168855A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013215136.5 2013-08-01
DE102013215136.5A DE102013215136A1 (de) 2013-08-01 2013-08-01 Korrosionsgeschütztes Zugglied und plastisch verformbare Scheibe aus Korrosionsschutzmaterial für ein derartiges Zugglied
PCT/EP2014/066375 WO2015014892A1 (de) 2013-08-01 2014-07-30 Korrosionsgeschütztes zugglied und plastisch verformbare scheibe aus korrosionsschutzmaterial für ein derartiges zugglied

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PCT/EP2014/066375 A-371-Of-International WO2015014892A1 (de) 2013-08-01 2014-07-30 Korrosionsgeschütztes zugglied und plastisch verformbare scheibe aus korrosionsschutzmaterial für ein derartiges zugglied

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US14/908,647 Abandoned US20160168855A1 (en) 2013-08-01 2014-07-30 Corrosion-protected tension member and plastically deformable disc of corrosion protection material for such a tension member
US16/293,835 Active US10889988B2 (en) 2013-08-01 2019-03-06 Corrosion-protected tension member and plastically deformable disc of corrosion protection material for such a tension member

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US (2) US20160168855A1 (es)
EP (1) EP3027821B1 (es)
DE (1) DE102013215136A1 (es)
ES (1) ES2644914T3 (es)
WO (1) WO2015014892A1 (es)

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US20150300452A1 (en) * 2014-04-22 2015-10-22 Richard V. Campbell Advanced Stranded Cable Termination Methods and Designs
WO2021180298A1 (en) 2020-03-09 2021-09-16 Dywidag-Systems International Gmbh Cable bending limiting arrangement and combination of a cable bending limiting arrangement with a cable, an anchorage, a compacting clamp unit and a recess pipe

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US20150300452A1 (en) * 2014-04-22 2015-10-22 Richard V. Campbell Advanced Stranded Cable Termination Methods and Designs
US10578191B2 (en) * 2014-04-22 2020-03-03 Bright Technologies, Llc Advanced stranded cable termination methods and designs
WO2021180298A1 (en) 2020-03-09 2021-09-16 Dywidag-Systems International Gmbh Cable bending limiting arrangement and combination of a cable bending limiting arrangement with a cable, an anchorage, a compacting clamp unit and a recess pipe

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US10889988B2 (en) 2021-01-12
ES2644914T3 (es) 2017-12-01
EP3027821B1 (de) 2017-07-26
DE102013215136A1 (de) 2015-02-05
EP3027821A1 (de) 2016-06-08
US20190194946A1 (en) 2019-06-27
WO2015014892A1 (de) 2015-02-05

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