US20150203785A1 - Lubricating oil composition - Google Patents

Lubricating oil composition Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150203785A1
US20150203785A1 US14/416,339 US201314416339A US2015203785A1 US 20150203785 A1 US20150203785 A1 US 20150203785A1 US 201314416339 A US201314416339 A US 201314416339A US 2015203785 A1 US2015203785 A1 US 2015203785A1
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viscosity
mass
lubricating oil
viscosity index
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US14/416,339
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Inventor
Shigeki Matsui
Hiroya Miyamoto
Hiromitsu Matsuda
Kazuo Tagawa
Akira Takagi
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Eneos Corp
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JX Nippon Oil and Energy Corp
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Assigned to JX NIPPON OIL & ENERGY CORPORATION reassignment JX NIPPON OIL & ENERGY CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MIYAMOTO, HIROYA, MATSUDA, HIROMITSU, MATSUI, SHIGEKI, TAGAWA, KAZUO, TAKAGI, AKIRA
Publication of US20150203785A1 publication Critical patent/US20150203785A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
    • C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
    • C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
    • C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
    • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
    • C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
    • C10M2219/068—Thiocarbamate metal salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/54—Fuel economy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/68—Shear stability
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition.
  • lubricating oils are used for internal combustion engines, transmissions, and other machine apparatuses to smooth their action.
  • engine oil lubricating oil for internal combustion engines
  • high performance is required with higher performance of the internal combustion engines, higher outputs, severer operation conditions, and the like.
  • various additives such as anti-wear agents, metallic detergents, ash-free dispersants, and antioxidants are blended with the conventional engine oil (for example, see Patent Literatures 1 to 3 below).
  • the fuel efficiency required for the lubricating oil is increasing, and application of base oil having high viscosity index and application of a variety of friction modifiers are examined (for example, see Patent Literature 4 below).
  • Patent Literature 1 JP-A-2001-279287
  • Patent Literature 2 JP-A-2002-129182
  • Patent Literature 3 JP-A-08-302378
  • Patent Literature 4 JP-A-06-306384
  • a reduction in the kinematic viscosity of the lubricating oil and an increase in the viscosity index multi-grading by a combination of low viscosity base oils with viscosity index improvers
  • blending of friction reducing agents are known.
  • the lubrication performance is reduced under severe lubrication conditions (under high temperature high shear conditions) due to a reduction of the viscosity of the lubricating oil or the base oil that forms the lubricating oil, occurrence of failures such as wear, burning, and fatigue breaking is concerned.
  • ash-free friction modifiers and molybdenum friction modifiers are known, but there is demand for an oil with fuel efficiency superior to that of standard oils having theses friction reducing agents.
  • HTHS viscosity is also referred to as “high temperature high shear viscosity”
  • high temperature high shear viscosity a kinematic viscosity at 40° C., a kinematic viscosity at 100° C., and an HTHS viscosity at 100° C.
  • an engine oil having a HTHS viscosity at 150° C. of lower than 2.6 mPa ⁇ s which is the lower limit of the HTHS viscosity at 150° C. of an SAE 0W-20 engine oil is developed and used.
  • the lubrication state of the engine oil to be used is severer than ever, it is important to maintain the HTHS viscosity at 150° C. reduced by usage at a constant level or more.
  • the present invention has been made in consideration of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a lubricating oil composition excellent in durability and fuel efficiency that can reduce a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. and a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. from the beginning of usage after usage for a long time, and can suppress a reduction in viscosity after shear.
  • the present invention provides a lubricating oil composition according to [1] to [10] below.
  • a lubricating base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. is 1 to 10 mm 2 /s;
  • a poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver containing a structural unit represented by the following formula (1) in a proportion of 30 to 90 mol % and having a hydrocarbon main chain ratio of 0.18 or less:
  • R 1 represents hydrogen or a methyl group
  • R 2 represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 6 or less.
  • R 3 represents hydrogen or a methyl group
  • R 4 represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 16 or more.
  • the proportion of the structural unit represented by the formula (2) in which R 4 is a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 18 is 0.1 to 40 mol %.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of the lubricating oil composition is 6 to 9 mm 2 /s
  • the viscosity index of the lubricating oil composition is 180 or more
  • the HTHS viscosity at 150° C. of the lubricating oil composition is 2.6 mPa ⁇ s or more
  • the HTHS viscosity at 100° C. of the lubricating oil composition is 5.0 mPa ⁇ s or less.
  • PSSI in the present invention means a permanent shear stability index of a polymer (Permanent Shear Stability Index) in accordance with ASTM D 6022-01 (Standard Practice for Calculation of Permanent Shear Stability Index) calculated based on the data measured in accordance with ASTM D 6278-02 (Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus).
  • a lubricating oil composition excellent in durability and fuel efficiency that can sufficiently reduce the kinematic viscosity at 40° C. and the kinematic viscosity at 100° C. from the beginning of usage after usage for a long time while maintaining the HTHS viscosity at 150° C., and can sufficiently suppress a reduction in viscosity after shear can be provided.
  • the lubricating oil composition according to the present invention can be suitably used not only for gasoline engines, diesel engines, gas engines, and the like for bicycles, automobiles, power generation, cogeneration, and the like but also for a variety of engines using fuels having a sulfur content of 50 mass ppm or less.
  • the lubricating oil composition according to the present invention is also useful for a variety of engines for ships and outboard motors.
  • the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment contains a lubricating base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 1 to 10 mm 2 /s, and a poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver (A) containing a structural unit represented by the following formula (1) in a proportion of 30 to 90 mol % and having a hydrocarbon main chain ratio of 0.18 or less:
  • R 1 represents hydrogen or a methyl group
  • R 2 represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 6 or less.
  • a lubricating base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 1 to 10 mm 2 /s (hereinafter referred to as a “lubricating base oil according to the present embodiment”) is used.
  • Examples of the lubricating base oil according to the present embodiment include those having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 1 to 5 mm 2 /s among paraffin mineral oils, normal paraffin base oils, and isoparaffin base oils obtained by refining a lubricating oil fraction obtained by normal pressure distillation and/or reduced pressure distillation of a crude oil using one or two or more refining treatments selected from solvent deasphalting, solvent extraction, hydrocracking, solvent dewaxing, catalytic dewaxing, hydrorefining, sulfuric acid washing, clay treatment, and the like.
  • Preferable examples of the lubricating base oil according to the present embodiment can include base oils obtained by using the base oils (1) to (8) shown below as the raw material, and refining the raw material oil and/or a lubricating oil fraction recovered from the raw material oil by a predetermined refining method to recover a lubricating oil fraction:
  • hydrorefining such as hydrocracking and hydrofinishing
  • solvent refining such as furfural solvent extraction
  • dewaxing such as solvent dewaxing and catalytic dewaxing
  • white clay refining with acid clay or activated clay and chemical (acid or alkali) washing such as sulfuric acid washing and sodium hydroxide washing are preferable.
  • one method may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination. If two or more refining methods are combined, the order is not particularly limited, and can be properly selected.
  • a base oil selected from the base oils (1) to (8) or the following base oil (9) or (10) obtained by performing a predetermined treatment on the lubricating oil fraction recovered from the base oil is particularly preferable:
  • a solvent refining treatment and/or a hydrofinishing step may be included as preferably steps when necessary.
  • the catalyst used in the hydrocracking and hydrogenation isomerization is not particularly limited, and hydrocracking catalysts in which a carrier is a composite oxide having cracking activity (such as silica alumina, alumina boria, and silica zirconia) or one or more of the composite oxides in combination bounded by a binder, and a metal having a hydrogenation activity (such as one or more metals in Groups VIa and VIII in the periodic table) is carried to the carrier; or hydrogenation isomerization catalysts in which a metal containing at least one metal among metals in Group VIII and having a hydrogenation activity is carried to a carrier containing zeolite (such as ZSM-5, zeolite beta, and SAPO-11) are preferably used.
  • the hydrocracking catalyst and the hydrogenation isomerization catalyst may be used in combination by stacking or mixing.
  • reaction conditions in hydrocracking and hydrogenation isomerization are not particularly limited, and a hydrogen partial pressure of 0.1 to 20 MPa, an average reaction temperature of 150 to 450° C., LHSV of 0.1 to 3.0 hr ⁇ 1 , and the ratio of hydrogen/oil of 50 to 20000 scf/b are preferred.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of the lubricating base oil according to the present embodiment needs to be 10 mm 2 /s or less, preferably 4.5 mm 2 /s or less, more preferably 4 mm 2 /s or less, still more preferably 3.8 mm 2 /s or less, particularly preferably 3.7 mm 2 /s or less, and most preferably 3.6 mm 2 /s or less.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 100° C. needs to be 1 mm 2 /s or more. It is preferable that the kinematic viscosity at 100° C. be 1.5 mm 2 /s or more.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 100° C. here designates the kinematic viscosity at 100° C. specified in ASTM D-445. In the case where the kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of the lubricating base oil exceeds 10 mm 2 /s, low temperature viscosity properties may be reduced, and sufficient fuel efficiency may not be obtained.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of the lubricating base oil according to the present embodiment is preferably 40 mm 2 /s or less, more preferably 30 mm 2 /s or less, still more preferably 25 mm 2 /s or less, particularly preferably 20 mm 2 /s or less, and most preferably 17 mm 2 /s or less.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 40° C. is preferably 6.0 mm 2 /s or more, more preferably 8.0 mm 2 /s or more, still more preferably 10 mm 2 /s or more, particularly preferably 12 mm 2 /s or more, and most preferably 14 mm 2 /s or more.
  • kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of the lubricating base oil exceeds 40 mm 2 /s, low temperature viscosity properties may be reduced, and sufficient fuel efficiency may not be obtained.
  • a kinematic viscosity of 6.0 mm 2 /s or less formation of an oil film in a lubrication place is insufficient; for this reason, lubrication is inferior, and the evaporation loss of the lubricating oil composition may be increased.
  • the viscosity index of the lubricating base oil according to the present embodiment be 100 or more.
  • the viscosity index is more preferably 105 or more, still more preferably 110 or more, particularly preferably 115 or more, and most preferably 120 or more. If the viscosity index is less than 100, not only viscosity-temperature properties, heat and oxidation stability, and anti-volatilization are reduced, but also the coefficient of friction tends to be increased; and resistance against wear tends to be reduced.
  • the viscosity index in the present invention means the viscosity index measured according to 71S K 2283-1993.
  • the lubricating base oil in the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment be a mixture of a first lubricating base oil component having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 3.5 mm 2 /s or more and having a viscosity index of 120 or more and a second lubricating base oil component having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of less than 3.5 mm 2 /s.
  • the density ( ⁇ 15 ) at 15° C. of the first lubricating base oil component used in the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment is preferably 0.860 or less, more preferably 0.850 or less, still more preferably 0.840 or less, and particularly preferably 0.822 or less.
  • the density at 15° C. in the present invention means a density measured at 15° C. according to JIS K 2249-1995.
  • the pour point of the first lubricating base oil component used in the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment is preferably ⁇ 10° C. or less, more preferably ⁇ 12.5° C. or less, still more preferably ⁇ 15° C. or less, and particularly preferably ⁇ 20° C. or less. If the pour point exceeds the upper limit value, the fluidity at a low temperature of the entire lubricating oil using the lubricating base oil tends to be reduced.
  • the pour point in the present invention means the pour point measured according to JIS K 2269-1987.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of the first lubricating base oil component used in the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment be 5 mm 2 /s or less.
  • the kinematic viscosity is more preferably 4.5 mm 2 /s or less, still more preferably 4.0 mm 2 /s or less, and particularly preferably 3.9 mm 2 /s or less. It is preferable that the kinematic viscosity at 100° C. be 3.5 mm 2 /s or more.
  • the kinematic viscosity is more preferably 3.6 mm 2 /s or more, still more preferably 3.7 mm 2 /s or more, and particularly preferably 3.8 mm 2 /s or more. If the kinematic viscosity at 100° C. exceeds 5 mm 2 /s, low temperature viscosity properties may be reduced, and sufficient fuel efficiency may not be obtained. At a kinematic viscosity less than 3.5 mm 2 /s, formation of an oil film in a lubrication place is insufficient; for this reason, lubrication is inferior, and the evaporation loss of the lubricating oil composition may be increased.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of the first lubricating base oil component used in the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment is preferably 40 mm 2 /s or less, more preferably 30 mm 2 /s or less, still more preferably 25 mm 2 /s or less, particularly preferably 20 mm 2 /s or less, and most preferably 17 mm 2 /s or less.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 40° C. is preferably 6 0 mm 2 /s or more, more preferably 8.0 mm 2 /s or more, still more preferably 10 mm 2 /s or more, particularly preferably 12 mm 2 /s or more, and most preferably 14 mm 2 /s or more.
  • kinematic viscosity at 40° C. exceeds 40 mm 2 /s, low temperature viscosity properties may be reduced, and sufficient fuel efficiency may not be obtained.
  • a kinematic viscosity of 6.0 mm 2 /s or less formation of an oil film in a lubrication place is insufficient; for this reason, lubrication is inferior, and the evaporation loss of the lubricating oil composition may be increased.
  • the viscosity index of the first lubricating base oil component used in the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment be 100 or more.
  • the viscosity index is more preferably 110 or more, still more preferably 120 or more, particularly preferably 130 or more, and most preferably 140 or more.
  • the viscosity index is preferably 170 or less, more preferably 160 or less, still more preferably 155 or less, and particularly preferably 150 or less. If the viscosity index is less than 100, not only viscosity-temperature properties, heat and oxidation stability, and anti-volatilization are reduced, but also the coefficient of friction tends to be increased; and resistance against wear tends to be reduced. If the viscosity index exceeds 170, low temperature viscosity tends to be increased to reduce the fuel efficiency at low oil temperatures. Moreover, startability tends to be reduced.
  • the density ( ⁇ 15 ) at 15° C. of the second lubricating base oil component used in the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment is preferably 0.860 or less, more preferably 0.850 or less, still more preferably 0.840 or less, and particularly preferably 0.835 or less.
  • the pour point of the second lubricating base oil component used in the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment is preferably ⁇ 10° C. or less, more preferably ⁇ 12.5° C. or less, still more preferably ⁇ 15° C. or less, and particularly preferably ⁇ 20° C. or less. If the pour point exceeds the upper limit value, the fluidity at a low temperature of the entire lubricating oil using the lubricating base oil tends to be reduced.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of the second lubricating base oil component used in the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment be less than 3.5 mm 2 /s.
  • the kinematic viscosity is more preferably 3.4 mm 2 /s or less, and still more preferably 3.3 mm 2 /s or less.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 100° C. be 2 mm 2 /s or more, and the kinematic viscosity is more preferably 2.5 mm 2 /s or more, and still more preferably 3.0 mm 2 /s or more. If the kinematic viscosity at 100° C.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of the second lubricating base oil component used in the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment is preferably 20 mm 2 /s or less, more preferably 18 mm 2 /s or less, still more preferably 16 mm 2 /s or less, and particularly preferably 14 mm 2 /s or less.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 40° C. is preferably 6.0 mm 2 /s or more, more preferably 8.0 mm 2 /s or more, still more preferably 10 mm 2 /s or more, particularly preferably 12 mm 2 /s or more, and most preferably 13 mm 2 /s or more. If the kinematic viscosity at 40° C.
  • the viscosity index of the second lubricating base oil component used in the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment be 100 or more.
  • the viscosity index is more preferably 105 or more, and still more preferably 110 or more.
  • the viscosity index is preferably 160 or less, more preferably 150 or less, still more preferably 140 or less, and particularly preferably 135 or less. If the viscosity index is less than 100, not only viscosity-temperature properties, heat and oxidation stability, and anti-volatilization are reduced, but also the coefficient of friction tends to be increased. Moreover, resistance against wear tends to be reduced. If the viscosity index exceeds 160, low temperature viscosity tends to be increased to reduce the fuel efficiency at low oil temperatures. Moreover, startability tends to be reduced.
  • the sulfur content of the lubricating base oil used in the present embodiment depends on the sulfur content of the raw material.
  • the lubricating base oil containing substantially no sulfur can be obtained.
  • the sulfur content of the lubricating base oil to be obtained is usually 100 mass ppm or more.
  • the sulfur content be 100 mass ppm or less, it is more preferable that the sulfur content be 50 mass ppm or less, it is still more preferable that the sulfur content be 10 mass ppm or less, and it is particularly preferable that the sulfur content be 5 mass ppm or less.
  • the nitrogen content of the lubricating base oil used in the present embodiment is preferably 7 mass ppm or less, more preferably 5 mass ppm or less, and still more preferably 3 mass ppm or less. If the nitrogen content exceeds 5 mass ppm, heat and oxidation stability tends to be reduced.
  • the nitrogen content in the present invention means the nitrogen content measured according to JIS K 2609-1990.
  • % C p of the lubricating base oil used in the present embodiment be 70 or more.
  • % C p is preferably 80 or more, more preferably 85 or more, still more preferably 87 or more, and particularly preferably 90 or more.
  • % C p is preferably 99.9 or less, more preferably 98 or less, still more preferably 96 or less, and particularly preferably 94 or less. If % C p of the lubricating base oil is less than the lower limit value, viscosity-temperature properties, heat and oxidation stability, and friction properties tend to be reduced; furthermore, if an additive is blended with the lubricating base oil, the effect of the additive tends to be reduced. If % C p of the lubricating base oil exceeds the upper limit value, the solubility of the additive tends to be reduced.
  • % C A of the lubricating base oil used in the present embodiment be 2 or less. % C A is more preferably 1 or less, still more preferably 0.8 or less, and particularly preferably 0.5 or less. If % C A of the lubricating base oil exceeds the upper limit value, viscosity-temperature properties, heat and oxidation stability, and fuel efficiency tend to be reduced.
  • % C N of the lubricating base oil used in the present embodiment be 30 or less.
  • % C N is preferably 25 or less, more preferably 20 or less, still more preferably 15 or less, and particularly preferably 10 or less.
  • % C N is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 3 or more, still more preferably 5 or more, and particularly preferably 6 or more. If % C N of the lubricating base oil exceeds the upper limit value, viscosity-temperature properties, heat and oxidation stability, and friction properties tend to be reduced. If % C N is less than the lower limit value, the solubility of the additive tends to be reduced.
  • % C p , % C N , and % C A in the present invention mean the percentage of the number of paraffin carbon atoms to the total number of carbon atoms, the percentage of the number of naphthene carbon atoms to the total number of carbon atoms, and the percentage of the number of aromatic carbon atoms to the total number of carbon atoms, respectively, which are determined by the method (n-d-M ring analysis) according to ASTM D 3238-85.
  • % C p , % C N , and % C A above described are based on the values determined by the method above; for example, even in a lubricating base oil containing no naphthene content, % C N detefinined by the method may indicate a value more than 0.
  • the content of the saturates in the lubricating base oil used in the present embodiment is preferably 90% by mass or more, preferably 95% by mass or more, more preferably 99% by mass or more based on the total amount of the lubricating base oil; the proportion of the cyclic saturates in the saturates is preferably 40% by mass or less, preferably 35% by mass or less, preferably 30% by mass or less, more preferably 25% by mass or less, and still more preferably 21% by mass or less.
  • the proportion of the cyclic saturates in the saturates is preferably 5% by mass or more, and more preferably 10% by mass or more.
  • the content of the saturates and the proportion of the cyclic saturates in the saturates each satisfy the conditions above, viscosity-temperature properties and heat and oxidation stability can be improved; if an additive is blended with the lubricating base oil, the function of the additive can be demonstrated at a higher level while the additive is sufficiently stably dissolved in the lubricating base oil. Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, the friction properties of the lubricating base oil itself can be improved; as a result, an improvement in a friction reducing effect and thus an improvement in energy saving properties can be attained.
  • the saturates in the present invention are measured by the method described in ASTM D 2007-93 above.
  • the aromatic content of the lubricating base oil used in the present embodiment is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 4% by mass or less, still more preferably 2% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 1% by mass or less based on the total amount of the lubricating base oil, and is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and more preferably 0.2% by mass or more based on the total amount of the lubricating base oil. If the content of the aromatics exceeds the upper limit value, viscosity-temperature properties, heat and oxidation stability, friction properties, anti-volatilization, and low temperature viscosity properties tend to be reduced; if an additive is blended with the lubricating base oil, the effect of the additive tends to be reduced.
  • the lubricating base oil according to the present embodiment may be a lubricating base oil containing no aromatics, but the content of the aromatics in the range of the lower limit value or more can further enhance the solubility of the additive.
  • the aromatic content in the present invention means the value measured according to ASTM D 2007-93.
  • the aromatics usually include alkylbenzene and alkylnaphthalene; anthracene, phenanthrene, and alkylated products thereof; compounds in which four or more benzene rings are condensed; and aromatic compounds having a heteroatom such as pyridines, quinolines, phenols, and naphthols.
  • a synthetic base oil may be used as the lubricating base oil according to the present embodiment.
  • the synthetic base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. is 1 to 10 mm 2 /s include poly- ⁇ -olefins or hydrides thereof, isobutene oligomers or hydrides thereof, isoparaffin, alkylbenzene, alkylnaphthalene, diesters (such as ditridecyl glutarate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate, ditridecyl adipate, and di-2-ethylhexylcebacate), polyol esters (such as trimethylolpropane caprylate, trimethylolpropane pelargonate, pentaerythritol2-ethylhexanoate, and pentaerythritol pelargonate), polyoxyalkylene glycol, dialky
  • poly- ⁇ -olefins typically include oligomers or co-oligomers of ⁇ -olefins having a carbon number of 2 to 32, preferably a carbon number of 6 to 16 (such as 1-octene oligomer, decene oligomer, and ethylene-propylene co-oligomer) and hydrides thereof.
  • the method for producing poly- ⁇ -olefin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method for polymerizing ⁇ -olefin in the presence of a polymerization catalyst containing a complex of aluminum trichloride or boron trifluoride, water, an alcohol (such as ethanol, propanol, and butanol), and carboxylic acid or an ester thereof, such as a Friedel-Crafts catalyst.
  • a polymerization catalyst containing a complex of aluminum trichloride or boron trifluoride, water, an alcohol (such as ethanol, propanol, and butanol), and carboxylic acid or an ester thereof, such as a Friedel-Crafts catalyst.
  • the lubricating base oil according to the present embodiment may be used alone, or the lubricating base oil according to the present embodiment may be used in combination with one or two or more of other base oils.
  • the proportion of the lubricating base oil according to the present embodiment in the mixed base oils be 30% by mass or more, it is more preferable that the proportion of the lubricating base oil according to the present embodiment in the mixed base oils be 50% by mass or more, and it is still more preferable that the proportion of the lubricating base oil according to the present embodiment in the mixed base oils be 70% by mass or more.
  • the other base oils used in combination with the lubricating base oil according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and examples of a mineral oil-based base oil include solvent refined mineral oils, hydrocracked mineral oils, hydrorefined mineral oils, and solvent dewaxed base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 10 mm 2 /s or more and 1000 mm 2 /s or less.
  • Examples of the other synthetic base oils used in combination with the lubricating base oil according to the present embodiment include the synthetic base oils described above having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of out of the range of 1 to 10 mm 2 /s.
  • the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment contains a poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver (A) (hereinafter referred to as “viscosity index improver according to the present embodiment” for convenience) containing one or two or more of the structural units represented by the following formula (1) in a proportion of 30 to 90 mol % and having the hydrocarbon main chain ratio of 0.18 or less.
  • A poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver
  • the compound has any form as long as the compound satisfies the condition that the compound is a poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver containing the structural unit represented by the following formula (1) in the proportion of 30 to 90 mol % and having the hydrocarbon main chain ratio of 0.18 or less.
  • Specific examples of the compound can include non-dispersive or dispersive poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improvers, (meth)acrylate-olefin copolymers, or a mixture thereof.
  • R 1 represents hydrogen or a methyl group
  • R 2 represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 6 or less.
  • R 2 in the structural unit represented by the formula (1), as described above, is a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 6 or less and may be one hydrocarbon group or a mixture of two or more thereof;
  • R 2 is preferably a linear or branched hydrocarbon having a carbon number of 4 or less, still more preferably a linear or branched hydrocarbon having a carbon number of 3 or less, and more preferably a hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 2 or less.
  • the proportion of the (meth)acrylate structural unit represented by the formula (1) in a polymer is 30 to 90 mol % as described above, preferably 80 mol % or less, more preferably 70 mol % or less, still more preferably 65 mol % or less, and particularly preferably 60 mol % or less.
  • the proportion is preferably 30 mol % or more, more preferably 35 mol % or more, and still more preferably 40 mol % or more.
  • the solubility in the base oil, the effect of improving viscosity temperature properties, and low temperature viscosity properties may be inferior; at a proportion less than 30 mol %, the effect of improving viscosity temperature properties may be inferior.
  • Preferable examples of the poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver according to the present embodiment can include poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improvers (A) containing one or two or more of the structural units represented by the following formula (1) in the proportion of 30 to 90 mol % and one or two or more of the structural units represented by the following formula (2) in a proportion of 0.1 to 50 mol %, and having the hydrocarbon main chain ratio of 0.18 or less.
  • A poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improvers (A) containing one or two or more of the structural units represented by the following formula (1) in the proportion of 30 to 90 mol % and one or two or more of the structural units represented by the following formula (2) in a proportion of 0.1 to 50 mol %, and having the hydrocarbon main chain ratio of 0.18 or less.
  • the compound may have any form as long as the compound is a poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver satisfying the condition that the proportion of the structural unit represented by the following formula (1) is 30 to 90 mol %, the proportion of one or two or more of the structural units represented by the following formula (2) is 0.1 to 50 mol %, and the hydrocarbon main chain ratio is 0.18 or less.
  • Specific examples of the compound can include non-dispersive or dispersive poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improvers, (meth)acrylate-olefin copolymers, or a mixture thereof.
  • R 3 represents hydrogen or a methyl group
  • R 4 represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 16 or more.
  • R 4 in the structural unit represented by the formula (2), as described above, is a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 16 or more, and may be one hydrocarbon group or a mixture of two or more thereof; R 4 is preferably a linear or branched hydrocarbon having a carbon number of 18 or more.
  • a preferable aspect of the structural unit represented by the formula (2) can include the structural unit in which R 4 in the formula (2) is a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 16 or more and 19 or less.
  • R 4 may be one or two or more groups, and it is more preferable that the essential structural unit be the structural unit represented by the formula (2) in which R 4 is a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 18.
  • the proportion of the structural unit represented by the formula (2) in which R 4 is a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 18 is 0.1 to 40 mol %, preferably 10 to 36 mol %, and more preferably 20 to 32 mol %.
  • the proportion of the (meth)acrylate structural unit represented by the formula (2) in the polymer is preferably 0.1 to 50 mol %, more preferably 45 mol % or less, still more preferably 40 mol % or less, further still more preferably 35 mol % or less, and particularly preferably 30 mol % or less.
  • the proportion is more preferably 0.2 mol % or more, still more preferably 1 mol % or more, further still more preferably 5 mol % or more, particularly preferably 10 mol % or more, and most preferably 20 mol % or more.
  • the effect of improving viscosity temperature properties may be inferior; at a proportion less than 0.1 mol %, the solubility in the base oil, low temperature viscosity properties, and the effect of improving viscosity temperature properties may be inferior.
  • the viscosity index improver according to the present embodiment may be a copolymer having any (meth)acrylate structural unit.
  • a copolymer can be prepared by copolymerizing one or two or more of monomers represented by the following formula (3) (hereinafter referred to as “Monomer (M-1)”), one or two or more of monomers represented by the following formula (4) preferably used (hereinafter referred to as “Monomer (M-2)”, and a monomer used when necessary other than Monomer (M-1) and Monomer (M-2).
  • R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
  • R 2 represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 6 or less.
  • R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
  • R 4 represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 16 or more.
  • Any monomer can be used in combination with Monomer (M-1) and Monomer (M-2), and a monomer represented by the following formula (5) (hereinafter referred to as “Monomer (M-3)”) is suitable, for example.
  • a copolymer of Monomer (M-1), Monomer (M-2), and Monomer (M-3) is a non-dispersive poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver.
  • R 5 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
  • R 6 represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 7 or more and 15 or less.
  • R 6 in the structural unit represented by the formula (5) is a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 7 or more and 15 or less, preferably a linear or branched hydrocarbon having a carbon number of 10 or more, more preferably a linear or branched hydrocarbon having a carbon number of 11 or more, and still more preferably a branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 12 or more.
  • the (meth)acrylate structural unit represented by the formula (5) in the polymer may be one or two or more mixtures, and it is preferable that the proportion be 60 mol % or less, the proportion is more preferably 50 mol % or less, still more preferably 45 mol % or less, particularly preferably 40 mol % or less, and most preferably 30 mol % or less.
  • the effect of improving viscosity temperature properties and low temperature viscosity properties may be inferior; at a proportion less than 0.5 mol %, the effect of improving viscosity temperature properties may be inferior.
  • the other monomers used in combination with Monomers (M-1) and (M-2) be one or two or more selected from the monomer represented by the following formula (6) (hereinafter referred to as “Monomer (M-4)”) and the monomer represented by the following formula (7) (hereinafter referred to as “Monomer (M-5)”).
  • a copolymer of Monomers (M-1) and (M-2) with Monomers (M-4) and/or (M-5) is the so-called dispersive poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver.
  • the dispersive poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver may further contain Monomer (M-3) as the constitutional monomer.
  • R 5 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
  • R 6 represents an alkylene group having a carbon number of 1 to 18
  • E 1 represents an amine residue or heterocycle residue having 1 to 2 nitrogen atoms and 0 to 2 oxygen atoms
  • a represents 0 or 1.
  • Examples of the alkylene group having a carbon number of 1 to 18 represented by R 6 specifically can include an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, a pentylene group, a hexylene group, a heptylene group, an octylene group, a nonylene group, a decylene group, an undecylene group, a dodecylene group, a tridecylene group, a tetradecylene group, a pentadecylene group, a hexadecylene group, a heptadecylene group, and an octadecylene group (these alkylene groups may be linear or branched).
  • Examples of the group represented by E 1 specifically can include a dimethylamino group, a diethylamino group, a dipropylamino group, a butylamino group, an anilino group, a toluidino group, a xylidino group, an acetylamino group, a benzoylamino group, a morpholino group, a pyrrolyl group, a pyrrolino group, a pyridyl group, a methylpyridyl group, a pyrrolidinyl group, a piperidinyl group, a quinonyl group, a pyrrolidonyl group, a pyrrolidono group, an imidazolino group, and a pyrazino group.
  • R 7 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group
  • E 2 represents a hydrocarbon group or an amine residue or heterocycle residue having 1 to 2 nitrogen atoms and 0 to 2 oxygen atoms.
  • Examples of the group represented by E 2 specifically can include a dimethylamino group, a diethylamino group, a dipropylamino group, a dibutylamino group, an anilino group, a toluidino group, a xylidino group, an acetylamino group, a benzoylamino group, a morpholino group, a pyrrolyl group, a pyrrolino group, a pyridyl group, a methylpyridyl group, a pyrrolidinyl group, a piperidinyl group, a quinonyl group, a pyrrolidonyl group, a pyrrolidono group, an imidazolino group, and a pyrazino group.
  • Monomers (M-4) and (M-5) specifically can include dimethylaminomethyl methacrylate, diethylaminomethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 2-methyl-5-vinyl pyridine, morpholinomethyl methacrylate, morpholinoethyl methacrylate, N-vinylpyrrolidone, and mixtures thereof.
  • the method for producing the viscosity index improver according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method in which using a control radical polymerization process, an alkyl methacrylate serving as an arm portion (polymerization chain of alkyl methacrylate) is polymerized, and the polyalkyl methacrylate is then reacted with a polyfunctional compound having two or more ethylenic unsaturated double bonds.
  • control radical polymerization process involves an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) process, a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process, or a nitroxide mediated polymerization process.
  • ATRP atom transfer radical polymerization
  • RAFT reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer
  • nitroxide mediated polymerization process a nitroxide mediated polymerization process.
  • the synthesis can be performed as a batch operation, a semi-batch operation, a continuous step, a feed step, or a bulk step.
  • the synthesis can be performed in an emulsion, a solution, or a suspension.
  • the average molecular weight of the polymethacrylate or viscosity index improver to be obtained can be adjusted.
  • the reaction rate to the viscosity index improver using the synthesized arm portion is 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 85% or more based on the amount of the polymer reacted to become the viscosity index improver. If the reaction rate is low, the arm portion remains, and the molecular weight cannot be increased.
  • the PSSI (Permanent Shear Stability Index) of the viscosity index improver according to the present embodiment in a diesel injector method is preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, still more preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 5 or less, and most preferably 3 or less. If the PSSI exceeds 20, shear stability is poor, and to keep the kinematic viscosity and the HTHS viscosity after usage at a constant level or more, the initial fuel efficiency may be reduced.
  • the “PSSI in the diesel injector method” here means the permanent shear stability index of the polymer (Permanent Shear Stability Index) calculated based on the data measured by ASTM D 6278-02 (Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus) in accordance with ASTM D 6022-01 (Standard Practice for Calculation of Permanent Shear Stability Index).
  • the weight average molecular weight (M W ) of the viscosity index improver according to the present embodiment be 100,000 or more, and the weight average molecular weight is more preferably 200,000 or more, still more preferably 300,000 or more, and particularly preferably 400,000 or more. It is preferable that the weight average molecular weight be 1,000,000 or less, and the weight average molecular weight is more preferably 900,000 or less, still more preferably 700,000 or less, and particularly preferably 600,000 or less.
  • the weight average molecular weight is less than 100,000, the effect of improving a viscosity index when the viscosity index improver is dissolved in the lubricating base oil is small; not only fuel efficiency and low temperature viscosity properties are inferior but also cost may increase. If the weight average molecular weight exceeds 1,000,000, the effect of increasing viscosity is excessively increased; not only fuel efficiency and low temperature viscosity properties are inferior, but also shear stability, the solubility in the lubricating base oil, and storage stability are reduced.
  • the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the PSSI in the diesel injector method of the viscosity index improver according to the present embodiment (M W /PSSI) be 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 or more, and the ratio is more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 10 4 or more, still more preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 4 or more, and particularly preferably 8.0 ⁇ 10 4 or more. If M W /PSSI is less than 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 , fuel efficiency and low temperature startability, namely, viscosity temperature properties and low temperature viscosity properties may be reduced.
  • the ratio (M W /M N ) of the weight average molecular weight (M W ) to the number average molecular weight (M N ) of the viscosity index improver according to the present embodiment be 5.0 or less, and the ratio is more preferably 4.0 or less, still more preferably 3.5 or less, particularly preferably 3.0 or less, and most preferably 2.0 or less. It is preferable that M W /M N be 1.0 or more, and the ratio is more preferably 1.1 or more, and still more preferably 1.2 or more. If M W /M N is 4.0 or more or 1.0 or less, solubility and the effect of improving viscosity temperature properties may be reduced so that sufficient storage stability and fuel efficiency cannot be maintained.
  • the hydrocarbon main chain ratio of the viscosity index improver according to the present embodiment is 0.18 or less, more preferably 0.16 or less, more preferably 0.15 or less, still more preferably 0.14 or less, particularly preferably 0.10 or less, and most preferably 0.05 or less.
  • the hydrocarbon main chain ratio is preferably 0.005 or more, more preferably 0.01 or more, and still more preferably 0.02 or more. If the hydrocarbon main chain ratio exceeds 0.18, shear stability is reduced, and viscosity temperature properties and fuel efficiency may be reduced. If the hydrocarbon main chain ratio is less than 0.005, the solubility in the base oil is reduced, and viscosity temperature properties and fuel efficiency may be reduced.
  • the “hydrocarbon main chain ratio” in the present invention means the proportion of the number of carbon atoms of the polymethacrylic acid main chain of the total number of carbon atoms of the molecule (the ratio, that is, the number of carbon atoms of the poly(meth)acrylic acid main chain/the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule).
  • the poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver is a mixture of a plurality of polymers having different structures or molecular weights, the proportion is calculated as an average value of the poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver. If two or more poly(meth)acrylic acid chains are present in the molecule, a longer chain of these poly(meth)acrylic acid chains is the “poly(meth)acrylic acid main chain.”
  • the influences of the core portion is small, and the core portion is excluded from the calculation.
  • the molecular weight of each arm portion is substantially equal, and the weight average molecular weight of the arm portion measured by GPC analysis (standard substance: polystyrene) is used in calculation of the number of the carbon atoms of the arm portion in the main chain.
  • the average polymerization number (A1) of each monomer in the molecule is calculated. From A1, the total number of carbon atoms (B1) and the number of carbon atoms (C1) of the polymethacrylic acid main chain in one molecule are calculated, and C1/B1 is calculated. C1/B1 is the hydrocarbon main chain ratio.
  • the number of arm portions (D) defined by the number average molecular weight of the poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver/the number average molecular weight of the arm portion is calculated, and C1/(B1 ⁇ D) is calculated.
  • C1/(B1 ⁇ D) is the hydrocarbon main chain ratio of the poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver having a star structure.
  • the content of the viscosity index improver according to the present embodiment is preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 40% by mass, still more preferably 1 to 30% by mass, particularly preferably 5 to 20% by mass based on the total amount of the composition. If the content of the viscosity index improver is less than 0.1% by mass, the effect of improving the viscosity index and the effect of reducing the viscosity of a product are reduced, and fuel efficiency may not be improved.
  • the cost of the product is significantly increased, and the viscosity of the base oil needs to be reduced; for this reason, the lubrication performance under severe lubrication conditions (high temperature high shear conditions) may be reduced, causing deficits such as wear, seizure, and fatigue breaking.
  • the content of the viscosity index improver be 0.1 to 50% by mass based on the total amount of the composition, and the content is preferably 0.5 to 20% by mass, more preferably 1.0 to 15% by mass, and still more preferably 1.5 to 12% by mass based on the total amount of the composition. If the content is less than 0.1% by mass, low temperature properties may be insufficient; if the content exceeds 50% by mass, the shear stability of the composition may be reduced.
  • the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment may further contain a non-dispersive or dispersive poly(meth)acrylate, a non-dispersive or dispersive ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer or a hydride thereof, a polyisobutylene or a hydride thereof, a styrene-diene hydrogenation copolymer, a styrene-maleic anhydride ester copolymer, polyalkylstyrene and the like.
  • a non-dispersive or dispersive poly(meth)acrylate a non-dispersive or dispersive ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer or a hydride thereof, a polyisobutylene or a hydride thereof, a styrene-diene hydrogenation copolymer, a styrene-maleic anhydride ester copolymer, polyalkylstyrene and the like.
  • a lubricating base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 1 to 10 mm 2 /s
  • a first viscosity index improver that is a poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver containing the structural unit (A-1) represented by the following formula (1) in the proportion of 30 to 90 mol % and the structural unit represented by the following formula (2) in the proportion of 0.1 to 50 mol %, and having the hydrocarbon main chain ratio of 0.18 or less, and
  • a second viscosity index improver that is a (A-2) dispersive viscosity index improver.
  • the first viscosity index improver may be a copolymer having any (meth)acrylate structural unit other than the (meth)acrylate structural units represented by the formulas (1) and (2).
  • a copolymer a copolymer of one or two or more of the Monomers (M-1), one or two or more of the Monomers (M-2), and Monomer (M-3) is suitable.
  • the copolymer is the so-called non-dispersive poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver.
  • the content of the first viscosity index improver is preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 40% by mass, still more preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and particularly preferably 5 to 20% by mass based on the total amount of the composition. If the content of the viscosity index improver is less than 0.1% by mass, the effect of improving the viscosity index and the effect of reducing the viscosity of a product are reduced, and fuel efficiency may not be improved.
  • the cost of the product is significantly increased, and the viscosity of the base oil needs to be reduced; for this reason, the lubrication performance under severe lubrication conditions (high temperature high shear conditions) may be reduced, causing deficits such as wear, seizure, and fatigue breaking.
  • the second viscosity index improver that is a dispersive viscosity index improver
  • a nitrogen-containing dispersive group is preferable, and a dimethylamino group is more preferable.
  • the second viscosity index improver can include poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver having a structural unit represented by the following formula (8) and/or a structural unit represented by the following formula (9):
  • R 5 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
  • R 6 represents an alkylene group having a carbon number of 1 to 18
  • E 1 represents an amine residue or heterocycle residue having 1 to 2 nitrogen atoms and 0 to 2 oxygen atoms
  • a represents 0 or 1;
  • R 8 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group
  • E 2 represents a hydrocarbon group or an amine residue or heterocycle residue having 1 to 2 nitrogen atoms and 0 to 2 oxygen atoms.
  • the second viscosity index improver include a copolymer of one or two or more selected from Monomers (M-1) and (M-2) and Monomer (M-4) and Monomer (M-5).
  • the copolymer of Monomers (M-1) and (M-2) with Monomer(s) (M-4) and/or (M-5) is the so-called dispersive poly(meth)acrylate viscosity index improver.
  • the second viscosity index improver may further contain Monomer (M-3) as a constitutional monomer.
  • the method for producing the second viscosity index improver is not particularly limited; for example, the second viscosity index improver can be easily produced by radical solution polymerizing a mixture of Monomers (M-1) and (M-2) and Monomers (M-3) to (M-5) in the presence of a polymerization initiator such as benzoyl peroxide.
  • a polymerization initiator such as benzoyl peroxide.
  • the weight average molecular weight (M W ) of the second viscosity index improver be 100,000 or more, and the weight average molecular weight is more preferably 200,000 or more, still more preferably 250,000 or more, and particularly preferably 300,000 or more. It is preferable that the weight average molecular weight be 1,000,000 or less, and the weight average molecular weight is more preferably 900,000 or less, still more preferably 700,000 or less, and particularly preferably 500,000 or less. If the weight average molecular weight is less than 100,000, the effect of improving the viscosity index when the viscosity index improver is dissolved in the lubricating base oil is small; not only fuel efficiency and low temperature viscosity properties are inferior but also cost may increase.
  • weight average molecular weight exceeds 1,000,000, the effect of increasing viscosity is excessively increased; not only fuel efficiency and low temperature viscosity properties are inferior, but also shear stability, the solubility in the lubricating base oil, and storage stability are reduced.
  • the ratio (M W /M N ) of the weight average molecular weight (M W ) to the number average molecular weight (M N ) of the second viscosity index improver be 5.0 or less, and the ratio is more preferably 4.5 or less, still more preferably 4.2 or less, particularly preferably 4.1 or less, and most preferably 4.0 or less. It is preferable that M W /M N be 1.0 or more, and the ratio is more preferably 2.0 or more, and still more preferably 3.0 or more. If M W /M N is 4.0 or more or 1.0 or less, solubility and the effect of improving viscosity temperature properties may be reduced so that sufficient storage stability and fuel efficiency cannot be maintained.
  • the content of the second viscosity index improver is preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 40% by mass, still more preferably 0.9 to 30% by mass, and particularly preferably 2 to 20% by mass based on the total amount of the composition. If the content of the viscosity index improver is less than 0.1% by mass, the effect of improving the viscosity index and the effect of reducing the viscosity of a product are reduced, and fuel efficiency may not be improved.
  • the cost of the product is significantly increased, and the viscosity of the base oil needs to be reduced; for this reason, the lubrication performance under severe lubrication conditions (high temperature high shear conditions) may be reduced, causing deficits such as wear, seizure, and fatigue breaking.
  • the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment contain a friction modifier (B).
  • a friction modifier (B) include one or more friction modifiers selected from organic molybdenum compounds and ash-free friction modifiers.
  • organic molybdenum compounds used in the present embodiment can include organic molybdenum compounds containing sulfur such as molybdenum dithiophosphate, molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC); complexes of molybdenum compounds (such as molybdenum oxides such as molybdenum dioxide and molybdenum trioxide; molybdic acids such as ortho-molybdic acid, para-molybdic acid, and (poly)molybdic acid sulfide; metal salts thereof; molybdates such as ammonium salts thereof; molybdenum sulfides such as molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum trisulfide, molybdenum pentasulfide, and molybdenum polysulfide; molybdenum sulfide acid and metal salts or amine slats thereof; and molybdenum halides such as molybdenum chloride) with mo
  • organic molybdenum compounds containing no sulfur as a constitutional element can be used.
  • examples of the organic molybdenum compounds containing no sulfur as a constitutional element specifically include molybdenum-amine complexes, molybdenum-succinimide complexes, molybdenum salts of organic acids, and molybdenum salts of alcohols; among these, molybdenum-amine complexes, molybdenum salts of organic acids, and molybdenum salts of alcohols are preferable.
  • the organic molybdenum compound when used, its content is not particularly limited; the content is preferably 0.001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.005% by mass or more, still more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 0.03% by mass or more, and preferably 0.2% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, still more preferably 0.08% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 0.06% by mass or less based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition in terms of the molybdenum element.
  • the content is less than 0.001% by mass, the effect of reducing friction by addition thereof tends to be insufficient, and the fuel efficiency and heat and oxidation stability of the lubricating oil composition tend to be insufficient. If the content exceeds 0.2% by mass, the effect corresponding to the content is not obtained, and the storage stability of the lubricating oil composition tends to be reduced.
  • any compound usually used as a friction modifier for a lubricating oil can be used, and examples thereof include compounds having a carbon number of 6 to 50 and containing one or two or more hetero elements selected from an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, and a sulfur atom in the molecule.
  • examples thereof include ash-free friction modifiers such as amine compounds, fatty acid esters, fatty acid amides, fatty acids, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic ethers, urea compounds, and hydrazide compounds having at least one alkyl group or alkenyl group having a carbon number of 6 to 30, particularly linear alkyl group having a carbon number of 6 to 30, a linear alkenyl group, a branched alkyl group, and a branched alkenyl group in the molecule.
  • ash-free friction modifiers such as amine compounds, fatty acid esters, fatty acid amides, fatty acids, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic ethers, urea compounds, and hydrazide compounds having at least one alkyl group or alkenyl group having a carbon number of 6 to 30, particularly linear alkyl group having a carbon number of 6 to 30, a linear alkenyl group, a branched alkyl group, and a branche
  • the content of the ash-free friction modifier in the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and still more preferably 0.3% by mass or more, and preferably 3% by mass or less, more preferably 2% by mass or less, and still more preferably 1% by mass or less based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition. If the content of the ash-free fiction modifier is less than 0.01% by mass, the effect of reducing friction by addition thereof tends to be insufficient; at a content more than 3% by mass, the effect such as anti-wear additives is readily inhibited, or the solubility of the additive tends to be reduced.
  • the friction modifier (B) be an organic molybdenum friction modifier, it is more preferable that the friction modifier (B) be an organic molybdenum compound containing sulfur, and it is still more preferable that the friction modifier (B) be molybdenum dithiocarbamate.
  • the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment can contain a metallic detergent (C).
  • the metallic detergent (C) include a metallic detergent (C-1) having a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 20 or more. Thereby, fuel efficiency performance can be increased compared to the case where the present configuration is not included.
  • an overbased compound of an oil-soluble metal salt of a compound having a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 20 or more and having an OH group and/or a carbonyl group can be used.
  • Overbased metal salts such as alkaline earth metal sulfonates, alkaline earth metal carboxylates, alkaline earth metal salicylates, alkaline earth metal phenates, and alkaline earth metal phosphonates; and overbased metal salts that can be produced by reacting alkaline earth metal hydroxides or oxides, and boric acid or boric anhydride can be used.
  • alkaline earth metal examples include magnesium, calcium, and barium, and calcium is preferable. It is preferable that as the overbased metal salts, overbased compounds of oil-soluble metal salts of compounds containing an OH group and/or a carbonyl group be used, and it is more preferable that oil-soluble metal salts of compounds containing an OH group and/or a carbonyl group overbased with alkaline earth metal borates be used. It is preferable that alkaline earth metal salicylate be used, and it is more preferable that alkaline earth metal salicylate overbased with alkaline earth metal borate be used.
  • the base value of the metallic detergent (C-1) having a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 20 or more be 50 mgKOH/g or more, it is more preferable that the base value be 100 mgKOH/g or more, it is still more preferable that the base value be 120 mgKOH/g or more, it is particularly preferable that the base value be 140 or more, and it is most preferable that the base value be 150 or more. It is preferable that the base value be 300 mgKOH/g or less, it is more preferable that the base value be 200 mgKOH/g or less, it is particularly preferable that the base value be 180 mgKOH/g or less, and it is particularly preferable that the base value be 170 mgKOH/g or less.
  • the base value in the present invention is a value measured according to JIS K 2501 5.2.3.
  • the particle size of the metallic detergent (C-1) having a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 20 or more be 0.1 ⁇ m or less, and it is more preferable that the particle size be 0.05 ⁇ m or less.
  • the production method of the metallic detergent (C-1) having a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 20 or more can be any production method, and detailed reaction conditions are properly selected according to the amounts of the raw materials, the reaction product, and the like.
  • the metallic detergent (C-1) having a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 20 or more have a metal ratio of 4.0 or less.
  • the metallic detergent (C-1) having a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 20 or more is a metallic detergent whose metal ratio is adjusted to more preferably 3.4 or less, still more preferably 3.2 or less, further still more preferably 3.0 or less, further still more preferably 2.8 or less, particularly preferably 2.6 or less, and most preferably 2.5 or less. If the metal ratio exceeds 4.0, a reduction in friction torque, namely, fuel efficiency can be insufficient.
  • the metal ratio be 1.0 or more
  • the metallic detergent (C-1) having a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 20 or more is a metallic detergent whose metal ratio is adjusted to more preferably 1.1 or more, still more preferably 1.5 or more, particularly preferably 1.9 or more, and most preferably 2.2 or more. If the metal ratio is less than 1.0, the kinematic viscosity and low temperature viscosity of a lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines increase, which can cause deficits in lubrication and startability.
  • a metallic detergent synthesized alone be used.
  • the metal ratio in the present invention is represented by an expression of valence of metal element in metallic detergent ⁇ metal element content (mol %)/content of soap group (mol %), in which the metal element means calcium, magnesium, and the like, and the soap group means a sulfonic acid group, a phenol group, a salicylic acid group, and the like.
  • the alkyl group or alkenyl group of the metallic detergent (C-1) having a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 20 or more is an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having preferably 22 or more, more preferably 24 or more, preferably 50 or less, and more preferably 40 or less. If the number of carbon atoms is less than 20, a reduction in friction torque, namely, fuel efficiency can be insufficient, which is not preferable. If the number of carbon atoms is more than 50, viscosity temperature properties can be reduced and fuel efficiency can be insufficient, which is not preferable.
  • Such an alkyl group or alkenyl group may be linear or branched, and it is preferable that the alkyl group or alkenyl group be linear. These may be a primary alkyl group or alkenyl group, a secondary alkyl group or alkenyl group, or a tertiary alkyl group or alkenyl group; for a secondary alkyl group or alkenyl group or a tertiary alkyl group or alkenyl group, the case where the branch position is limited only to carbons bonded to aromatic groups is preferable.
  • the content of the metallic detergent (C-1) having a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 20 or more is preferably 0.01 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 5% by mass based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition. If the content is less than 0.01% by mass, the energy saving effect may be kept only for a short time; at a content more than 30% by mass, the effect corresponding to the content may not be obtained, which is not preferable.
  • the content of the metallic detergent (C-1) having a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 20 or more is preferably 0.001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, still more preferably 0.03% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 0.05% by mass or more, and preferably 0.5% by mass or less, more preferably 0.4% by mass or less, still more preferably 0.3% by mass or less, particularly preferably 0.25% by mass or less, and most preferably 0.22% by mass or less based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition in terms of metal elements.
  • the content is less than 0.001% by mass, the effect of reducing friction by addition thereof tends to be insufficient, and the fuel efficiency, heat and oxidation stability, and detergency of the lubricating oil composition tend to be insufficient. If the content exceeds 0.5% by mass, the effect of reducing friction by addition thereof tends to be insufficient, and the fuel efficiency of the lubricating oil composition tends to be insufficient.
  • the content of the metallic detergent (C-1) having a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 20 or more is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.03% by mass or more, still more preferably 0.04% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 0.05% by mass or more, and preferably 0.2% by mass or less, more preferably 0.10% by mass or less, still more preferably 0.08% by mass or less, particularly preferably 0.07% by mass or less, and most preferably 0.06% by mass or less based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition in terms of a boron element.
  • the content is less than 0.01% by mass, the effect of reducing friction by addition thereof tends to be insufficient, and the fuel efficiency, heat and oxidation stability, and detergency of the lubricating oil composition tend to be insufficient. If the content exceeds 0.2% by mass, the effect of reducing friction by addition thereof tends to be insufficient, and the fuel efficiency of the lubricating oil composition tends to be insufficient.
  • the ratio (MB1)/(MB2) of the content of the metal content (MB1) derived from the component (C-1) to the content of the boron content (MB2) derived from the component (C-1) is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 1.5 or more, still more preferably 2 or more, particularly preferably 2.5 or more, and most preferably 2.7 or more. If the (MB1)/(MB2) is 1 or less, fuel efficiency can be reduced, which is not preferable.
  • the (MB1)/(MB2) has no upper limit in the application, and the ratio is preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, still more preferably 10 or less, and particularly preferably 5% by mass or less. If the content of the boron content derived from the component (B) exceeds 20% by mass, fuel efficiency can be reduced, which is not preferable.
  • a preferable metallic detergent can include metallic detergents (C-2) having a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of less than 20.
  • metallic detergents (C-2) having a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of less than 20.
  • component (C-2) an overbased compound of an oil-soluble metal salt of a compound having a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of less than 20 and containing an OH group and/or a carbonyl group can be used.
  • Overbased metal salts such as alkaline earth metal sulfonates, alkaline earth metal carboxylates, alkaline earth metal salicylates, alkaline earth metal phenates, and alkaline earth metal phosphonates; and overbased metal salts that can be produced by reacting alkaline earth metal hydroxides or oxides, and boric acid or boric anhydride can be used.
  • alkaline earth metals include magnesium, calcium, and barium, and calcium is preferable.
  • overbased metal salts overbased compounds of oil-soluble metal salts of compounds containing an OH group and/or a carbonyl group be used, and it is more preferable that oil-soluble metal salts of compounds containing an OH group and/or carbonyl group overbased with alkaline earth metal carbonates and/or borates be used. It is preferable that alkaline earth metal salicylate be used, and it is more preferable that alkaline earth metal salicylates overbased with alkaline earth metal carbonates and/or alkaline earth metal salicylates overbased with alkaline earth metal borates be used.
  • the base value of the metallic detergent (C-2) having a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of less than 20 be 50 mgKOH/g or more, it is more preferable that the base value be 100 mgKOH/g or more, it is still more preferable that the base value be 120 mgKOH/g or more, it is particularly preferable that the base value be 140 or more, and it is most preferable that the base value be 150 or more.
  • the base value be 300 mgKOH/g or less, it is more preferable that the base value be 200 mgKOH/g or less, it is particularly preferable that the base value be 180 mgKOH/g or less, and it is particularly preferable that the base value be 170 mgKOH/g or less preferable. If the base value is less than 50, an increase in viscosity increases to reduce fuel efficiency, and the effect of reducing friction by addition thereof tends to be insufficient. If the base value exceeds 300, the effect of an anti-wear additive or the like is readily inhibited, and the effect of reducing friction tends to be insufficient.
  • the metallic detergent (C-2) containing a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of less than 20 have a metal ratio of 4.0 or less.
  • the metallic detergent is a metallic detergent whose metal ratio is adjusted to more preferably 3.4 or less, still more preferably 3.2 or less, further still more preferably 3.0 or less, further still more preferably 2.8 or less, particularly preferably 2.6 or less, and most preferably 2.5 or less. If the metal ratio exceeds 4.0, a reduction in friction torque, namely, fuel efficiency can be insufficient.
  • the metal ratio be 1.0 or more
  • the metallic detergent (C-2) having a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of less than 20 is a metallic detergent whose metal ratio is adjusted to more preferably 1.1 or more, still more preferably 1.5 or more, particularly preferably 1.9 or more, and most preferably 2.2 or more. If the metal ratio is less than 1.0, the kinematic viscosity and low temperature viscosity of a lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines increase, which can cause deficits in lubrication and startability.
  • a metallic detergent synthesized alone be used.
  • the content of the metallic detergent (C-2) having a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of less than 20 is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.03% by mass or more, still more preferably 0.04% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 0.05% by mass or more, and preferably 0.2% by mass or less, more preferably 0.10% by mass or less, still more preferably 0.08% by mass or less, particularly preferably 0.07% by mass or less, and most preferably 0.06% by mass or less based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition in terms of the boron element.
  • the content is less than 0.01% by mass, the effect of reducing friction by addition thereof tends to be insufficient, and the fuel efficiency, heat and oxidation stability, and detergency of the lubricating oil composition tend to be insufficient. If the content exceeds 0.2% by mass, the effect of reducing friction by addition thereof tends to be insufficient, and the fuel efficiency of the lubricating oil composition tends to be insufficient.
  • the ratio (MB11)/(MB12) of the content of the metal content (MB11) derived from the component (C-2) to the content of the boron content (MB12) derived from the component (C-2) is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 2 or more, still more preferably 2.5 or more, particularly preferably 3.0 or more, and most preferably 3.5 or more. If the (MB11)/(MB12) is 1 or less, fuel efficiency can be reduced, which is not preferable.
  • the (MB11)/(MB12) is preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, still more preferably 10 or less, and particularly preferably 5% by mass or less. If the content of the boron content derived from the component (B1) exceeds 20% by mass, fuel efficiency can be reduced, which is not preferable.
  • any additives usually used in the lubricating oil can be contained in the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment according to the purpose.
  • additives can include additives such as ash-free dispersants, anti-wear agents (or extreme-pressure agents), antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, demulsifiers, metal deactivators, and antifoaming agents.
  • each additive is contained in the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment, it is preferable that the content of each additive be 0.01 to 10% by mass based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment be 4 to 12 mm 2 /s, and kinematic viscosity is preferably 9.0 mm 2 /s or less, more preferably 8.0 mm 2 /s or less, still more preferably 7.8 mm 2 /s or less, further still more preferably 7.6 mm 2 /s or less, particularly preferably 7.0 mm 2 /s or less, and most preferably 6.8 mm 2 /s or less.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 100° C. here designates a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. specified in ASTM D-445. If the kinematic viscosity at 100° C. is less than 4 mm 2 /s, insufficient lubrication may be caused; at a kinematic viscosity more than 12 mm 2 /s, necessary low temperature viscosity and sufficient fuel efficiency performance may not be obtained.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment be 4 to 50 mm 2 /s, and the kinematic viscosity is preferably 40 mm 2 /s or less, more preferably 35 mm 2 /s or less, particularly preferably 30 mm 2 /s or less, and most preferably 28 mm 2 /s or less.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 40° C. here designates a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. specified in ASTM D-445. If the kinematic viscosity at 40° C. is less than 4 mm 2 /s, insufficient lubrication may be caused; at a kinematic viscosity more than 50 mm 2 /s, necessary low temperature viscosity and sufficient fuel efficiency performance may not be obtainable.
  • the viscosity index of the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment be in the range of 140 to 400, and the viscosity index is preferably 180 or more, more preferably 190 or more, still more preferably 200 or more, particularly preferably 210 or more, and most preferably 215 or more. If the viscosity index of the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment is less than 140, it may be difficult to improve fuel efficiency while maintaining the HTHS viscosity at 150° C., and to reduce the low temperature viscosity at ⁇ 35° C. If the viscosity index of the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment exceeds 400, evaporation properties may be reduced, and deficits due to insufficient solubility of the additive and matching properties with a seal material may be caused.
  • the HTHS viscosity at 100° C. of the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment be 5.5 mPa ⁇ s or less, and the HTHS viscosity is more preferably 5.0 mPa ⁇ s or less, still more preferably 4.7 mPa ⁇ s or less, particularly preferably 4.5 mPa ⁇ s or less, and most preferably 4.4 mPa ⁇ s or less.
  • the HTHS viscosity is preferably 2.0 mPa ⁇ s or more, still more preferably 3.0 mPa ⁇ s or more, particularly preferably 3.5 mPa ⁇ s or more, and most preferably 4.0 mPa ⁇ s or more.
  • HTHS viscosity at 100° C. designates a high temperature high shear viscosity at 100° C. specified in ASTM D4683. If the HTHS viscosity at 100° C. is less than 2.0 mPa ⁇ s, insufficient lubrication may be caused; at an HTHS viscosity more than 5.5 mPa ⁇ s, necessary low temperature viscosity and sufficient fuel efficiency performance may not be obtainable.
  • the HTHS viscosity at 150° C. of the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment be less than 4.0 mPa ⁇ s, and the HTHS viscosity is more preferably 3.5 mPa ⁇ s or less, still more preferably mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 2.7 mPa ⁇ s or less, still more preferably 2.5 mPa ⁇ s or less, and particularly preferably 2.4 mPa ⁇ s or less.
  • the HTHS viscosity is preferably 1.0 mPa ⁇ s or more, more preferably 1.5 mPa ⁇ s or more, still more preferably 2.0 mPa ⁇ s or more, and particularly preferably 2.3 mPa ⁇ s or more.
  • the HTHS viscosity at 150° C. here designates a high temperature high shear viscosity at 150° C. specified in ASTM D4683. If the HTHS viscosity at 150° C. is less than 1.0 mPa ⁇ s, insufficient lubrication may be caused; at an HTHS viscosity more than 4.0 mPa ⁇ s, sufficient fuel efficiency performance may not be obtainable.
  • the ratio of the HTHS viscosity at 150° C. to HTHS viscosity at 100° C. of the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment (HTHS viscosity at 150° C./HTHS viscosity at 100° C.) be 0.50 or more, and the ratio is more preferably 0.52 or more, still more preferably 0.53, and particularly preferably 0.54 or more. If the ratio is less than 0.50, necessary low temperature viscosity and sufficient fuel efficiency performance may not be obtainable.
  • the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment can sufficiently reduce the kinematic viscosity at 40° C., kinematic viscosity at 100° C. and HTHS viscosity at 100° C. in an engine oil having a HTHS viscosity at 150° C. of less than 2.6 mPa ⁇ s, can sufficiently suppress an increase in the coefficient of friction in the boundary lubrication region, and has high fuel efficiency.
  • the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment having such high properties can be suitably used as energy saving engine oils such as energy saving gasoline engine oils and energy saving diesel engine oils.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the obtained aim molecule was 87400
  • the number average molecular weight (Mn) was 62000
  • the degree of dispersion (Mw/Mn) was 1.41.
  • Non-dispersive PMA viscosity index improver A-1 a solution of a target star polymer (hereinafter referred to as “Non-dispersive PMA viscosity index improver A-1”).
  • the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the obtained Non-dispersive PMA viscosity index improver A-1 was 570000
  • the number average molecular weight (Mn) was 470000
  • the degree of dispersion (Mw/Mn) was 1.23
  • PSSI was 3.8
  • Mw/PSSI was 1.5 ⁇ 10 5 .
  • the arm conversion rate of the Non-dispersive PMA viscosity index improver A-1 was 64% by mass
  • the average number of arms was 8, and the hydrocarbon main chain ratio was 0.025.
  • the arm conversion rate and the average number of arms are values calculated based on the following expressions, respectively.
  • arm conversion rate GPC area of star polymer/( GPC area of star polymer+ GPC area of remaining arm molecule) ⁇ 100
  • the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight are the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene measured by using an HLC-8220 GPC apparatus made by Tosoh Corporation having 3 TSKgel Super MultiPore HZ-M columns made by Tosoh Corporation (4.6 mm ID ⁇ 15 cm) in series and tetrahydrofuran as a solvent at a temperature of 40° C., a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min, a sample concentration of 1% by mass, an amount of sample injection of 5 ⁇ L with a detector deference refractive index meter (RI).
  • HLC-8220 GPC apparatus made by Tosoh Corporation having 3 TSKgel Super MultiPore HZ-M columns made by Tosoh Corporation (4.6 mm ID ⁇ 15 cm) in series and tetrahydrofuran as a solvent at a temperature of 40° C., a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min, a sample concentration of
  • Non-dispersive PMA viscosity index improver A-2 A star polymer (hereinafter referred to as “Non-dispersive PMA viscosity index improver A-2”) was synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 except that instead of the arm molecule solution in Synthesis Example 1, an arm molecule solution containing an arm molecule including 70 mol % methyl methacrylate and 30 mol % methacrylate in which R 4 in the formula (4) was an alkyl group having a carbon number of 18 (weight average molecular weight: 54000, number average molecular weight (Mn): 42000, degree of dispersion (Mw/Mn): 1.29) was used.
  • Non-dispersive PMA viscosity index improver A-2 obtained was 490000, Mn was 410000, Mw/Mn was 1.19, PSSI was 2.2, Mw/PSSI was 2.2 ⁇ 10 5 , and the hydrocarbon main chain ratio was 0.020.
  • Non-dispersive PMA viscosity index improver A-3 A star polymer (hereinafter referred to as “Non-dispersive PMA viscosity index improver A-3”) was synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 except that instead of the arm molecule solution in Synthesis Example 1, an arm molecule solution containing an arm molecule including 70 mol % methyl methacrylate and 30 mol % methacrylate in which R 4 in the formula (4) was an alkyl group having a carbon number of 18 (weight average molecular weight: 85000, number average molecular weight (Mn): 60000, degree of dispersion (Mw/Mn): 1.42) was used.
  • Non-dispersive PMA viscosity index improver A-3 obtained was 450000, Mn was 380000, Mw/Mn was 1.19, PSSI was 3.0, Mw/PSSI was 1.5 ⁇ 10 5 , and the hydrocarbon main chain ratio was 0.033.
  • Non-dispersive PMA viscosity index improver A-4 A star polymer (hereinafter referred to as “Non-dispersive PMA viscosity index improver A-4”) was synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 except that instead of the arm molecule solution in Synthesis Example 1, an arm molecule solution containing an arm molecule including 70 mol % methyl methacrylate and 30 mol % methacrylate in which R 4 in the formula (4) was an alkyl group having a carbon number of 16 to 18 (weight average molecular weight: 87000, number average molecular weight (Mn): 62000, degree of dispersion (Mw/Mn): 1.41) was used.
  • the Mw of Non-dispersive PMA viscosity index improver A-4 obtained was 570000, Mn was 470000, Mw/Mn was 1.23, PSSI was 3.8, Mw/PSSI was 1.5 ⁇ 10 5 , and the hydrocarbon main chain ratio was 0.025.
  • Non-dispersive PMA viscosity index improver A-5 A star polymer (hereinafter referred to as “Non-dispersive PMA viscosity index improver A-5”) was synthesized in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 except that instead of the arm molecule solution in Synthesis Example 1, an arm molecule solution containing an arm molecule including 70 mol % methyl methacrylate and 30 mol % methacrylate in which R 4 in the formula (4) was an alkyl group having a carbon number of 18 (weight average molecular weight: 107600, number average molecular weight (Mn); 79100, degree of dispersion (Mw/Mn): 1.36) was used.
  • Non-dispersive PMA viscosity index improver A-5 obtained was 560000, Mn was 450000, Mw/Mn was 1.24, PSSI was 3.8, and the hydrocarbon main chain ratio was 0.033.
  • Synthesis Example 2 (copolymer prepared by reacting 70 mol % methyl methacrylate, 30 mol % methacrylate in which R 4 in the formula (4) was an alkyl group having a carbon number of 18, a small amount of a polymerization initiator, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate.
  • the four ball test (ASTM D4172) was performed under the following conditions, and the diameter (mm) of a wear scar was measured to evaluate resistance to wear.
  • Example Example Example Example 1 2 3 4 5 6 Based on total Base oil amount of base oil O-1 Base oil 1 % by mass 50 O-2 Base oil 2 % by mass 50 50 50 50 O-3 Base oil 3 % by mass 50 50 50 50 50 50 Viscosity of base oil (40° C.) mm 2 /s 14.7 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2 Viscosity of base oil (100° C.) 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 Viscosity index of base oil 124 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 117 Based on total amount of Additives composition A-1 Viscosity index % by mass 9.3 8.5 8.8 improver A-2 Viscosity index % by mass 9.5 improver A-3 Viscosity index % by mass 8.6 improver A-4 Viscosity index % by mass 8.3 improver a-1 Viscosity index % by mass improver a-2 Viscosity index % by mass improver a-3 Viscosity index % by mass improver
  • the lubricating oil compositions in Examples 1 to 6 containing the component (A) have substantially the same HTHS viscosity after the ultrasonic shear test at 150° C., and have a lower kinematic viscosity and an HTHS viscosity at 100° C., sufficient resistance to wear, and higher durability and fuel efficiency than the lubricating oil compositions in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in which a viscosity index improver having a hydrocarbon main chain ratio more than 0.18 is blended and the lubricating oil compositions in Comparative Examples 3 and 4 in which a viscosity index improver not containing a methacrylate group having a carbon number of 18 is blended.
  • lubricating oil compositions having compositions shown in Table 5 were prepared using base oils and additives shown below. Properties of Base oils O-2 and O-4 are shown in Table 4.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 40° C. or 100° C., the viscosity index, and the HTHS viscosity at 100° C. or 150° C. were measured.
  • Example Example 7 8 Based on total amount of Base oil base oil O-2 Base oil 2 % by mass 100 O-4 Base oil 4 % by mass 100 Viscosity of mm 2 /s 20.0 18.6 base oil (40° C.) Viscosity of mm 2 /s 4.3 4.1 base oil (100° C.) Viscosity index 123 122 of base oil Based on total amount of Additives composition A-1 Viscosity index % by mass 8.4 9.5 improver 1 A-2 Viscosity index % by mass improver 2 B-1 MoDTC % by mass 0.7 0.7 C-1 Other additives % by mass 9.56 9.56 Results of evaluation Kinematic 40° C. mm 2 /s 33.0 32.3 viscosity 100° C.
  • lubricating oil compositions having compositions shown in Table 6 were prepared using the base oils shown in Table 1 and the following additives.
  • the “nitrogen ratio” in Table 6 means the ratio of nitrogen derived from the dispersive group to the total amount of nitrogen in the engine oil.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 40° C. or 100° C., the viscosity index, the HTHS viscosity at 100° C. or 150° C., and the HTHS viscosity after the ultrasonic shear test were measured.
  • the four ball test (ASTM D4172) was performed under the following conditions, and the diameter (mm) of a wear scar was measured to evaluate resistance to wear.
  • Example Example 9 10 Based on total amount of Base oil base oil O-2 Base oil 2 % by mass 50 50 O-3 Base oil 3 % by mass 50 50 Viscosity of base mm 2 /s 16.2 16.2 oil (40° C.) Viscosity of base 3.7 3.7 oil (100° C.) Viscosity index 117 117 of base oil Based on total amount of Additives composition A-1 Viscosity index % by mass 6.8 4.3 improver a-3 Viscosity index % by mass 0.9 2.2 improver (nitrogen ratio, (0.02) (0.05) % by mass) B-1 MoDTC % by mass 0.7 0.7 D-1 Other additives % by mass 10 10 Results of evaluation Kinematic viscosity 40° C.
  • lubricating oil compositions having compositions shown in Table 7 were prepared using the base oils shown in Table 1 and the following additives.
  • Example Example Example 11 12 13 14 15 Based on total Base oil amount of base oil O-1 Base oil 1 % by mass 50 O-9 Base oil 2 % by mass 50 50 50 O-3 Base oil 3 50 50 50 50 50 50 Viscosity of base oil mm 2 /s 14.7 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2 (40° C.) Viscosity of base oil 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 (100° C.) Viscosity index of 124 117 117 117 117 base oil Based on total amount of Additives composition A-1 Viscosity index % by mass 8.8 7.9 7.6 8.0 improver A-2 Viscosity index % by mass 8.8 improver C-1 Overbased metallic % by mass 3.6 3.6 3.6 detergent C-2 Overbased metallic % by mass 4.2 detergent c-1 Overbased metallic % by mass 2.9 detergent B-1 MoDTC % by mass 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 d-1 Succinimide % by mass 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 e-1 ZnDTP
  • lubricating oil compositions having compositions shown in Table 8 were prepared using the base oils shown in Table 1 and the following additives. Table 8 also shows the composition of the lubricating oil composition in Example 15, which was used as a standard oil for the valve train motoring friction test.
  • Example Example Example 16 17 18 19 15 Based on total amount Base oil of base oil O-1 Base oil 1 % by mass 50 50 O-2 Base oil 2 % by mass 50 50 O-3 Base oil 3 % by mass 50 50 50 50 50 Viscosity of base oil mm 2 /s 14.7 14.7 16.2 16.2 16.2 (40° C.) Viscosity of base oil 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 (100° C.) Viscosity index of base oil 124 124 117 117 117 Based on total amount Additives of composition A-1 Viscosity index % by mass 8.5 8.7 7.8 8.0 improver A-2 Viscosity index % by mass 8.7 improver C-1 Overbased metallic % by mass 4.1 detergent C-2 Overbased metallic % by mass 3.6 3.6 3.6 detergent c-1 Overbased metallic % by mass 2.9 detergent B-1 MoDTC % by mass 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 d-1 Succinimide % by mass 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 e-1 Z

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US10443013B2 (en) 2014-09-17 2019-10-15 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Viscosity index improver, method for producing the same and lubricating oil composition
US10759888B2 (en) 2016-01-12 2020-09-01 Kuraray Co., Ltd. (Meth) acrylate polymers
US10982167B2 (en) 2016-09-21 2021-04-20 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Viscosity index improver and lubricating oil composition
US11365367B2 (en) * 2017-06-27 2022-06-21 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricating composition for and method of lubricating an internal combustion engine
US11732207B2 (en) 2020-08-31 2023-08-22 Eneos Corporation Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engine
US11987766B2 (en) 2020-08-31 2024-05-21 Eneos Corporation Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engine

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EP4194531A1 (fr) 2021-12-09 2023-06-14 Infineum International Limited Détergents borés et leurs applications lubrifiantes
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US11732207B2 (en) 2020-08-31 2023-08-22 Eneos Corporation Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engine
US11987766B2 (en) 2020-08-31 2024-05-21 Eneos Corporation Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engine

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