US20150182992A1 - Process for forming a multilayered shaped film product - Google Patents

Process for forming a multilayered shaped film product Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150182992A1
US20150182992A1 US14/580,977 US201414580977A US2015182992A1 US 20150182992 A1 US20150182992 A1 US 20150182992A1 US 201414580977 A US201414580977 A US 201414580977A US 2015182992 A1 US2015182992 A1 US 2015182992A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
mask
film
layer
film product
screen
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US14/580,977
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English (en)
Inventor
Curt Binner
Kenneth A. Pelley
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Johnson and Johnson Consumer Inc
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Johnson and Johnson Consumer Inc
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Publication date
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Priority to US14/580,977 priority Critical patent/US20150182992A1/en
Assigned to JOHNSON & JOHNSON CONSUMER COMPANIES, INC. reassignment JOHNSON & JOHNSON CONSUMER COMPANIES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PELLEY, KENNETH A., BINNER, CURT
Assigned to JOHNSON & JOHNSON CONSUMER INC reassignment JOHNSON & JOHNSON CONSUMER INC MERGER AND CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JOHNSON & JOHNSON CONSUMER COMPANIES, LLC, JOHNSON & JOHNSON CONSUMER INC.
Assigned to JOHNSON & JOHNSON CONSUMER COMPANIES, LLC reassignment JOHNSON & JOHNSON CONSUMER COMPANIES, LLC MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JOHNSON & JOHNSON CONSUMER COMPANIES, INC.
Publication of US20150182992A1 publication Critical patent/US20150182992A1/en
Assigned to JOHNSON & JOHNSON CONSUMER INC. reassignment JOHNSON & JOHNSON CONSUMER INC. CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE MERGED ENTITY' NEW NAME PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL: 036041 FRAME: 0605. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE MERGER & CHANGE OF NAME. Assignors: JOHNSON & JOHNSON CONSUMER COMPANIES, LLC
Priority to US16/366,533 priority patent/US11247226B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/32—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials using means for protecting parts of a surface not to be coated, e.g. using stencils, resists
    • B05D1/322—Removable films used as masks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C39/02—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C39/12—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
    • B29C39/123—Making multilayered articles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
    • A61K9/7007—Drug-containing films, membranes or sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C21/00—Accessories or implements for use in connection with applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces, not provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C19/00
    • B05C21/005—Masking devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C9/00—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important
    • B05C9/06—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying two different liquids or other fluent materials, or the same liquid or other fluent material twice, to the same side of the work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/28—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by transfer from the surfaces of elements carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. brushes, pads, rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/32—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials using means for protecting parts of a surface not to be coated, e.g. using stencils, resists
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/36—Successively applying liquids or other fluent materials, e.g. without intermediate treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D105/00—Coating compositions based on polysaccharides or on their derivatives, not provided for in groups C09D101/00 or C09D103/00
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24851—Intermediate layer is discontinuous or differential

Definitions

  • Film products have a wide variety of uses. These include decorative window decals, plasters, adhesive bandages, and oral strips (both medicated and otherwise).
  • printing including stencil printing and screen printing—are known processes that are capable of providing irregular shapes on substrates.
  • the printed materials remain on permanently joined to the substrates, such as printed text and graphics on paper, printed circuits in the electronics industry, and printed designs on clothing and signage.
  • integration of a carrying substrate into a printed element prevents the usage of the printed product separate from the substrate.
  • the process includes placing a first mask over a substrate; delivering a first film-forming composition through the first mask to form a first raw shape on the substrate; removing the first mask; placing a second mask over the first raw shape; delivering a second film-forming composition through the second mask to form a second raw shape on the first raw shape; removing the second mask; and solidifying the first and second raw shapes to provide the shaped film product disposed on the substrate.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of a multilayer film product according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-section along lines 3 - 3 of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of a first screen mask capable of forming a first raw shape corresponding to the first layer of the multilayer product of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 5 is side elevation of a screen printing system for forming the first raw shape corresponding to the first layer of the multilayer product of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of a second screen mask capable of forming a second raw shape corresponding to the second layer of the multilayer product of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 7 is side elevation of a screen printing system for forming the second raw shape corresponding to the second layer of the multilayer product of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a process according to a modified embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9A is a plan view of a screen mask capable of forming a second raw shape corresponding to the second layer of the multilayer product of FIG. 2 in the alternate process of FIG. 8 .
  • FIG. 9B is side elevation of a screen printing system for forming the second raw shape corresponding to the second layer of the multilayer product of FIG. 2 in the alternate process of FIG. 8 .
  • FIG. 10 is side elevation of a rotary printing system useful for forming the raw shapes corresponding to one or more layers of the multilayer product of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is side elevation of a rotary printing system useful for forming the raw shapes corresponding to one or more layers of the multilayer product of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12A is a top plan view of an alternate embodiment of a multilayer film product according to the invention.
  • FIG. 12B is a side elevation of the multilayer film product of FIG. 12A .
  • FIG. 13A is a bottom plan view of an alternate embodiment of a multilayer film product according to the invention.
  • FIG. 13B is a side elevation of the multilayer film product of FIG. 13A .
  • FIG. 14A is a bottom plan view of an alternate embodiment of a multilayer film product according to the invention.
  • FIG. 14B is a side elevation of the multilayer film product of FIG. 14A .
  • FIG. 15A is a bottom plan view of an alternate embodiment of a multilayer film product according to the invention.
  • FIG. 15B is a cross-section of the multilayer film product of FIG. 15A along line 15 - 15 .
  • FIG. 15C is a cross-section of the modified multilayer film product of FIG. 15A along line 15 - 15 .
  • FIG. 16A is a bottom plan view of an alternate embodiment of a multilayer film product according to the invention.
  • FIG. 16B is a cross-section of the multilayer film product of FIG. 16A along line 16 - 16 .
  • FIG. 16C is a cross-section of the modified multilayer film product of FIG. 16A along line 16 - 16 .
  • FIG. 17A is a bottom plan view of an alternate embodiment of a multilayer film product according to the invention.
  • FIG. 17B is a cross-section of the multilayer film product of FIG. 17A along line 17 - 17 .
  • FIG. 18 is a graph of stencil mask to finished product thickness.
  • FIG. 19 is a graph of screen mask to finished product thickness.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic side view of a flatbed screen printer device in use according to one embodiment of the present invention, used to make examples described herein.
  • the present invention relates to a process and apparatus for forming multilayered shaped film products.
  • the following description is presented to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention.
  • Various modifications to the embodiments and the generic principles and features described herein will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features described herein.
  • Multilayered shaped film products may have a wide variety of uses.
  • These include household and recreational uses, such as decorative decals for windows and walls, temporary tattoos (such as body decals), healthcare devices such as medicated and/or absorbent plasters, adhesive bandages and other wound coverings, oral strips also known as a “consumable film” (medicated, therapeutic, and cosmetic), other body strips, such as moisturizing acne treatment, anti-wrinkle, dark circles, melisma, cellulite, delivery of vitamins, eczema, psoriasis, and the like.
  • decorative decals for windows and walls such as temporary tattoos (such as body decals), healthcare devices such as medicated and/or absorbent plasters, adhesive bandages and other wound coverings, oral strips also known as a “consumable film” (medicated, therapeutic, and cosmetic), other body strips, such as moisturizing acne treatment, anti-wrinkle, dark circles, melisma, cellulite, delivery of vitamins, eczema, psoriasis, and the like.
  • the term “integral film product” variants thereof relate to a film product that is sufficiently robust to permit handling for a desired purpose separate from any supporting substrate.
  • the product is removable from a substrate for use independent of the substrate.
  • film-forming composition variants thereof relate to a composition that is capable of forming, by itself or in the presence of an additional agent, a continuous film on a substrate.
  • raw shape variants thereof relate to the shaped volume of film-forming composition disposed on a substrate through an apertured mask.
  • the raw shape generally requires further processing, such as integration, to transform it into an integral film product.
  • solidification variants thereof relate to the phase change from liquid to solid, can be through evaporation of a solvent, lowering of temperature, polymerization, cross-linking, and the like.
  • the term “tessellated” and variants thereof relate to a planar surface having a pattern of flat shapes having no overlaps or gaps. Thus, there is no “ladder waste” between the shapes.
  • FIG. 1 is a high level flow chart of a process for forming multilayered shaped film products.
  • a first Step 10 includes forming first and second masks, each mask having an aperture.
  • a second Step 20 includes placing the first mask over a substrate.
  • a third Step 30 includes delivering a film-forming composition through the first mask to the substrate to form a first raw shape.
  • a fourth Step 40 includes removing the first mask.
  • a fifth Step 50 includes placing the second mask over the first raw shape.
  • a sixth Step 60 includes delivering a film-forming composition through the second mask to the first raw shape to form a second raw shape.
  • a seventh Step 70 includes removing the second mask.
  • An eight Step 80 includes solidifying the raw shape(s) by transforming the film-forming material(s) into the multilayered shaped film product.
  • a multilayered film product 100 according to one embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 .
  • a first layer 102 has a larger surface area than a second layer 104 disposed on the upper surface of the first layer 102 . This forms an “island” of the second layer 104 on top of the first layer 102 .
  • the innovations of the present invention allow the shape to be as simple or complex as desired.
  • the shape can be relatively complex—the kind of shape that would be very wasteful in a die-cutting operation with much ladder waste. For example, the minimum ladder waste produced during the printing of a pattern of nested circles is about 20% (based on circles arranged in straight columns and rows touching at the quadrants).
  • Step 10 involves forming a first mask and a second mask, each mask having at least one aperture corresponding to the first and second raw shape, respectively.
  • Print masks are known in the art. They can include without limitation stencils, screens, meshes, tapes, and the like. While the exact fabrication of the print masks is not critical to the present invention, our invention makes is possible to form relatively thick integral film products and therefore, use relatively thick masks.
  • the mask has a thickness of at least about 0.05 millimeters (“mm”). In one embodiment for use on the skin for flexible, relatively unnoticeable products, the mask has a thickness of between about 0.05 mm and about 0.3 mm, more preferably, between about 0.1 and about 0.2 mm.
  • thick integral film products can be made using a mask having a thickness of greater than about 0.2 mm, preferably between about 0.2 and about 2 mm, preferably between about 0.4 mm and about 1 mm, and most preferably between about 0.5 mm and about 1 mm.
  • the thickness of the mask is not critical, while in other embodiments, the present invention makes possible the formation of integral film products with previously unknown thicknesses.
  • the thickness of the mask generally determines the maximum thickness of the integral film product. The relationship is determined by the nature of the film-forming composition and the mechanism by which the composition solidifies. For example, hot melt and hydrocolloid film-forming compositions generally produce a product thickness that is essentially equivalent to the mask thickness. Foaming film-forming compositions can also be used and may provide solidified films having a thickness substantially equivalent to the thickness of the mask, or possibly even thicker. Solvent or other carrier-based compositions will lose thickness as the product solidifies. The reduction in thickness is generally related to the solids content of the composition. We have found that a solids content of 30-40% delivers an integral film product having a thickness of about 50% of the mask thickness. Formulations with lower solids content would likely deliver final products having a thickness of even less than 50% of the mask thickness.
  • a stencil mask thickness of 0.5 mm would be capable of depositing a raw shape of film-forming composition of about 0.5 mm. Upon transformation into the integral film product, the thickness would diminish, based upon the solids content of the film-forming composition.
  • the mesh geometry will define the characteristics of the mesh.
  • Screen mesh geometry is defined by the mesh count and thread diameter.
  • the mesh count refers to the number of threads per inch contained in the mesh.
  • the thread diameter refers to the diameter of the thread before it has been woven into the mesh.
  • the thread diameter and mesh count together determine the mesh opening.
  • Mesh opening is the spacing between the adjacent threads. Mesh openings dictate the maximum particle size that can be used, and affects the overall detail printed as well as the formula release characteristics. For optimum film-forming composition passage through the mesh the maximum particle size must be smaller than about 1 ⁇ 3 of the mesh opening.
  • masks can be made of structural materials, including without limitation: metals, such as aluminum alloy, stainless steel, Ni alloy, Cr alloy or the like; resins, such mask as polyimide, polyester, epoxy, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene or the like; glass; paper; wood; or cardboard, as well as combination thereof.
  • the mask body may be made of a composite material, such as glass fiber filled polyimides, polyesters, or epoxies. The mask body is formed in a sheet from these materials. The thickness of the sheet may be from 20 to 2000 microns ( ⁇ m), although for ease in handling and other considerations, the thickness is preferably from 20 to 80 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 4 An example of a mask according to one embodiment of the present invention, useful in the formation of the multilayered shaped film product 100 of FIGS. 2 and 3 is a first screen mask 200 shown in FIG. 4 that may be used in flatbed screen printing apparatus.
  • the first screen mask 200 includes an impermeable mask portion 202 which defines at least one aperture 204 with an exposed screen (or mesh) 206 .
  • the first mask 200 is placed over a substrate 208 in Step 20 .
  • This substrate 208 may be an endless belt (a continuous flexible web, linked platens, and the like), or it may be a web that carries the resulting multilayer product.
  • the resulting multilayer product may be permanently attached to the web, or it may be releasably attached to a web, such as a release liner.
  • Surfaces may be modified through the use of dry film lubricants such as molybdenum disulfide, graphite, tungsten disulfide or oils that are generally known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Typical release surfaces may include silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), waxes, polymers, polished metals, or combinations thereof.
  • the process may employ flatbed apparatus or rotary apparatus.
  • the printing apparatus will have a support for a substrate and system for delivering a film-forming composition through the first mask (Step 30 ).
  • Delivery systems often include a conduit to provide the film-forming composition to the mask and a device to urge the composition to the mask aperture.
  • Such devices include blade-like structures (also called knives, squeegees, doctor blades, wiper blades, wipers, and the like), nozzles and the like.
  • the blade angle generally determines the relative force applied to move the composition into the mask aperture and to the substrate.
  • the blade angle (the included angle defined by the blade and upper mask surface) will be optimized to work with the flow characteristics of the film-forming composition. Too small of an angle can starve the interface between blade and upper mask surface of film-forming composition, and too large of an angle will not provide sufficient pressure to deliver the composition into the mask aperture.
  • the blade angle is preferably less than about 45°, more preferably, between about 20° and 40°.
  • Pressurized nozzles can also be used which supply a material under constant pressure in order to fill the stencil.
  • a simple flatbed screen system incorporates a flatbed support 210 for the substrate 208 , a simple, flat mask 200 , and a squeegee 212 .
  • the film-forming composition is deposited onto the screen 206 , and the squeegee 212 wipes the film-forming composition across the screen 206 .
  • the relative movement of the squeegee 212 with respect to the screen 206 forces the film-forming composition through the screen 206 .
  • the mask portion 202 associated with the screen 206 defines one or more apertures 204 of a desired shape.
  • the thickness of the mask 200 generally defines the thickness of the first layer of the resulting multilayer film product (accounting for some shrinkage during the finishing Step 80 , described below.
  • the mask 200 comes into contact with the substrate 208 due to the squeegee pressure and forms a localized seal to the substrate to prevent escape of the film-forming composition from the desired shape.
  • the screen 206 and surface of the substrate 208 are selected to provide a greater surface affinity between the film-forming composition and the substrate surface than between the film-forming composition and the screen.
  • step 40 the first mask 200 is removed leaving a first raw shape 214 deposited on the substrate 208 , corresponding to the first layer 102 of the multilayered film product 100 .
  • a second screen mask 216 including an impermeable mask portion 218 which defines at least one aperture 220 exposing a screen (or mesh) 222 , is placed over the first raw shape 214 (as shown in FIG. 7 ).
  • the at least one aperture 220 of the second screen mask 216 defines a second raw shape 224 corresponding to the second layer 104 of the multilayered film product 100 .
  • a simple flatbed screen system may be used in forming the second layer of the multilayer product.
  • the system includes a second flatbed support 226 , which accommodates the substrate 208 and first raw shape 214 , the second screen mask 216 , and a squeegee 228 .
  • a film-forming composition 230 is deposited onto the mask 218 , and the squeegee 228 wipes the film-forming composition across the mask 218 and screen 222 in step 60 .
  • the relative movement of the squeegee 228 with respect to the screen 222 forces the second film-forming composition 230 through the screen 222 to contact the first raw shape 214 .
  • the blade angle and screen mesh properties determine the second layer thickness of the resulting multilayer film product (accounting for some shrinkage during the finishing Step 80 , described below.
  • the impermeable mask portion 218 is not substantially thicker than the screen 222 associated therewith, and the second screen mask 216 does not contact the first raw shape 214 .
  • the screen is held at a fixed distance above the first raw shape. The downward pressure of the squeegee deflects the screen closer to the first raw shape such that the second film-forming composition forced through the screen contacts the first raw shape and transfers the second film-forming composition from the screen to the top surface of the first raw shape.
  • the screen 222 , the second film-forming composition 230 and the first film-forming composition are selected to provide a greater surface affinity between the two film-forming compositions than between the second film-forming composition 230 and the screen 222 .
  • a raw multilayer product including the first raw shape 214 and the second raw shape 224 defined by the second screen mask 216 remains.
  • the raw multilayered shape is transitioned into the multilayered film product 100 .
  • the multilayered film product 100 may be permanently attached to the substrate 208 , or the substrate 208 may be a release liner to permit the product to be removed therefrom for use independent of the substrate.
  • the exact nature of the finishing station is not critical to the present invention. Indeed, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the raw shapes may be transformed into finished film layers and/or the complete multilayered film product thorough any number of process steps, depending upon the nature of the film-forming composition, as described in more detail, below.
  • the raw shapes may be heated to drive off volatile carriers, such as such as water and organic solvents.
  • the finishing can be through providing energy, such as UV light to cross-link or otherwise “cure” one or more polymeric film-forming components. If one or more film-forming components is a hot melt composition, the finishing can be as simple as allowing the raw shape to cool below a melt or glass transition temperature.
  • additional layers may be added by repeating steps 50 through 70 with additional film-forming compositions to provide multilayered film products having more than two layers.
  • the resulting multilayered product may be permanently attached to the web, or it may be releasably attached to a web, such as a release liner.
  • a release lined web as the substrate
  • the release lined web may be used as a carrier and packaged with the integral film product in appropriate sized primary packaging until delivered to a consumer. The consumer may then remove the integral film product from the substrate and use it as desired.
  • the process according to the present invention employs an endless belt having a releasable surface or other substrate integrated into the manufacturing equipment, the integral film product is removed from the releasable surface of the substrate and packaged for delivery to a consumer.
  • the integral film product may have an adhesive surface, such as in a medicated plaster, or it may have non-tacky surfaces, such as in an oral strip.
  • An alternative process shown as a block diagram in FIG. 8 may follow steps 10 through 40 , as described above to form the first raw shape 214 .
  • This first raw shape 214 may then be “cured” to provide the first layer 102 of the multilayered film product 100 in step 45 .
  • Steps 50 ′ through 70 ′ may take place as follows:
  • a second screen mask 216 ′ including an impermeable mask portion 218 ′ which defines at least one aperture 220 ′ exposing a screen (or mesh) 222 ′, is placed over the layer 102 (as shown in FIG. 9B ).
  • the at least one aperture 220 ′ of the second screen mask 216 ′ defines a second raw shape 224 ′ corresponding to the second layer 104 of the multilayered film product 100 .
  • a simple flatbed screen system may be used in forming the second layer of the multilayer product.
  • the system includes a second flatbed support 226 ′, which accommodates the substrate 208 and first layer 102 , the second screen mask 216 ′, and a squeegee 228 ′.
  • a film-forming composition 230 ′ is deposited onto the screen 222 ′, and the squeegee 228 ′ wipes the film-forming composition across the screen 222 ′ in step 60 ′.
  • the relative movement of the squeegee 228 ′ with respect to the screen 222 ′ forces the second film-forming composition 230 ′ through the screen 222 ′ to contact the first layer 102 .
  • the configuration of the second screen mask 216 ′ generally defines the thickness of the second layer 104 of the resulting multilayer film product 100 (accounting for some shrinkage during the finishing Step 80 , described below.
  • the second screen mask 216 ′ may contact the first layer 102 , as it is already “cured”.
  • the screen 222 ′, the second film-forming composition 230 ′ and the first layer 102 are selected to provide a greater surface affinity between the first layer 102 and the second film-forming composition 230 ′ than between the second film-forming composition 230 ′ and the screen 222 ′.
  • step 70 ′ a multilayer structure including the first layer 102 and the second raw shape 224 defined by the second screen mask 216 , remains.
  • step 80 ′ the multilayered structure is transitioned into the multilayered film product 100 .
  • the multilayered film product 100 may be permanently attached to the substrate 208 , or the substrate 208 may be a release liner to permit the product to be removed therefrom for use independent of the substrate.
  • the first layer (first raw shape) may be formed using a stencil—a mask without the screen or mesh disposed across the at least one aperture.
  • One or more printing steps may also be performed on a rotary printing system 300 as shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the film-forming composition 302 may be applied with a nozzle or a squeegee 304 .
  • the printing drum 306 includes a mask 308 having an aperture formed on a screen 310 .
  • the mask 308 forms the outer surface of the drum 306 , while the screen 310 is on the inner surface of the printing drum 306 , and the aperture is in fluid communication with the interior of the drum.
  • the film-forming composition is delivered to the interior of the drum 306 via a conduit and delivered to the inner surface of the screen 310 .
  • the squeegee 304 transfers the film-forming composition to the screen 310 and then to the substrate 312 as described above.
  • the first raw shape 314 then moves in the direction of arrow 316 for further processing.
  • the second printing step may also employ a stencil without the screen, when using a flatbed stenciling process.
  • a rotary stencil 400 may require a concave substrate support 402 to prevent uncontrolled escape of the film-forming composition 404 until the squeegee 406 forces it through the stencil aperture 408 .
  • the substrate 410 thus wraps around the outer diameter of the printing drum to contain the stencil volume.
  • a rigid blade may be used in place of a flexible squeegee as shown in FIG. 11 .
  • the process of the present invention may be used to form many different forms of multilayered shaped film products.
  • the multilayer film product of FIGS. 2 and 3 may be modified as shown in FIGS. 12A and B in which the first and second layers 1002 and 1004 are substantially co-extensive.
  • This multilayered shaped film product 1000 may be formed substantially as described above.
  • FIGS. 13A and B An alternative embodiment is shown in FIGS. 13A and B in which the “island” of the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3 is placed on the bottom layer of the embodiment of FIGS. 12A and B.
  • the first and second layers 1102 , 1104 are coextensive, and the third layer 1106 forming the “island” is formed on bottom to form a three-layered multilayered shaped film product 1100 .
  • the top layer 1104 may be integrated prior to formation of the middle and bottom layers 1102 , 1106 , or all three layers may be formed deposited prior to integration.
  • the middle and bottom layers 1102 , 1106 are formed by screen-printing.
  • FIGS. 14 A and B incorporates two separate islands.
  • the multilayered shaped film product 1200 has a first layer 1202 and a pair of islands 1204 as the second layer. If desired a third layer 1206 may also be included.
  • the islands 1204 may have identical film materials or film materials that differ from one another (the film material(s) resulting from the transformation of the film-forming composition(s) into a film structure). Of course, more than two islands can be incorporated in this product form.
  • the multilayered shaped film product 1300 has a first layer 1302 formed about and covering a pre-formed island 1304 .
  • An optional second layer 1306 may be formed on the surface of the first layer 1302 opposite the pre-formed island 1304 .
  • the island 1304 may be formed and then integrated into a solid structure and the first layer 1302 may be created by stenciling, as described above.
  • the optional second layer 1306 may be formed after integration of the first layer 1302 or may be screen-printed on a wet first layer 1302 .
  • the pre-formed island 1304 is thinner than the first layer 1302 .
  • a similar process may be used to form the multilayered shaped film product 1400 of embodiment of FIGS. 16A and B.
  • the first layer 1402 may be formed about and covering a plurality of pre-formed islands 1404 .
  • An optional second layer 1406 may be formed on the surface of the first layer 1402 opposite the pre-formed islands 1404 .
  • the islands 1404 may have identical compositions or compositions that differ from one another. Of course, more than two islands can be incorporated in this product form. Again, one of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that the thickness of these elements could be balanced to provide a first layer 1402 ′ encircling the preformed islands 1404 ′, while the optional second layer 1406 contacts both the first layer 1402 ′ and preformed islands 1404 ′ as shown in FIG. 16C .
  • a multilayered shaped film product 1500 having a void in one layer is shown in FIGS. 17A and B. This may be produced by forming a continuous, first layer 1502 and subsequently screen-printing a second layer 1504 having a void 1506 defined therein. In use, this product could be applied via either the first layer 1502 or the second layer 1504 .
  • the multilayered shaped film product 1500 may be a corn pad, and in use, it would be applied such that the corn is located in the void 1506 .
  • the different film-forming compositions may be employed for each discrete portion of the multilayered shaped film product, or the same film-forming composition could be provided to multiple portions of the product.
  • the compatibility of film-forming compositions is very important. If there is a significant difference between the film-forming compositions, there can be a driving force at the molecular level that will generate film defects such as holes, voids, ribbing, and wrinkles.
  • One significant characteristic of the film-forming compositions is polarity. Water is a polar molecule. Oil is a non-polar molecule. The two don't mix and they will repel each other. Two measures of polarity are solubility and surface energy.
  • Solubility is the amount of solid dissolving in a liquid to form a homogeneous solution; it is typically quantified in gm/kg (solute/solvent). Liquid materials have a driving force at the boundary of the surface called surface energy. The energy level is measured by the surface contact angle. Film-forming compositions with similar solubility and surface energy will not have repelling forces.
  • the viscosity of the film-forming compositions can also play a significant role. High viscosity materials will resist repelling forces better than low viscosity materials. The typical viscosity measurement is dynamic sheer, often measured with a Brookfield Viscometer.
  • the film-forming compositions employed in the present invention may be in the form of a hot melt composition, a solid material that can be melted to form a flowable liquid and deposited to form a raw shape which can then cool to form the shaped multilayered film product.
  • the film-forming composition may include at least a film forming component and a carrier. Additional components may include, without limitation, emulsifiers, surfactants, plasticizers, active ingredients, fragrances, coloring agents, flavorings, and other components known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the carrier is preferably a liquid and may be a solvent or diluent. Preferred carriers include water and alcohols.
  • the water soluble polymers of the present invention possess film forming properties useful producing the films of the present invention.
  • Many water soluble polymers may be used in the films of the present invention.
  • a representative, non-limiting list includes pullulan, cellulose ethers (such as hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose), polyvinyl pyrrolidone, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, polyethylene glycol, tragacanth gum, guar gum, acacia gum, arabic gum, polyacrylic acid, methylmethacrylate copolymers, carboxyvinyl polymers, amylose, starches (such as high amylose starch and hydroxypropylated high amylose starch), dextrin, pectin, chitin, chitosan, levan, elsinan, collagen, gelatin, zein, gluten, soy protein isolate, whey protein isolate, casein and/
  • the carrier is water.
  • organic solvents which have been conventionally used can be employed as the solvent.
  • a representative, non-limiting list of useful solvents includes monovalent alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, 3-methoxy-3-methyl-1-butanol, and 3-methoxy-1-butanol; alkylcarboxylic acid esters such as methyl-3-methoxypropionate, and ethyl-3-ethoxypropionate; polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and propylene glycol; polyhydric alcohol derivatives such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
  • the film product may also contain at least one surfactant, including anionic, amphoteric, non-ionic, and cationic surfactants or mixtures thereof.
  • anionic surfactants includes, alone or mixed, salts (for example salts of alkali metals, such as of sodium, ammonium salts, salts of amines, salts of amino-alcohols or magnesium salts) of the following compounds: alkyl sulphates, alkylether sulphates, alkylamidoether-sulphates, alkylarylpolyether-sulphates, monoglyceride sulphates, alkyl sulphonates, alkyl phosphates, alkylamide sulphonates, alkaryl sulphonates, ⁇ -olefin sulphonates, paraffin sulphonates; alkyl sulphosuccinates, alkylether sulphosuccinates, alkylamide-sulphosuccinates, alkyl sulphosuccinamates, alkyl sulphoacetates, alkylether phosphates, acyl sarco
  • the salts include those of fatty acids, such as the salts of oleic, ricinoleic, palmitic, stearic acids, acids of copra oil or of hydrogenated copra oil, acyl lactylates whose acyl radical has 8 to 20 carbon atoms, alkyl D-galactoside uronic acids and their salts as well as the polyoxyalkylenated alkyl(C6-C24)ether carboxylic acids, the polyoxyalkylenated alkyl(C6-C24)aryl ether carboxylic acids, the polyoxyalkylenated alkyl(C6-C24)amido-ether carboxylic acids and their salts, for example those having from 2 to 50 ethylene oxide groups, and mixtures thereof.
  • fatty acids such as the salts of oleic, ricinoleic, palmitic, stearic acids, acids of copra oil or of hydrogenated copra oil, acyl lactylates whose acyl
  • a representative, non-limiting list of amphoteric surfactants includes, alone or mixed, the derivatives of secondary or tertiary aliphatic amines wherein the aliphatic radical is a linear and branched chain with 8 to 22 carbon atoms and comprises at least one hydrosolubilizing anionic group (for example carboxylate, sulphonate, sulphate, phosphate or phosphonate); the alkyl (C8-C20) betaines, the sulphobetaines, the alkyl (C8-C20) amidoalkyl (C1-C6) betaines such as cocoamidopropyl betaine or the alkyl (C8-C20) amidoalkyl (C1-C6) sulphobetaines.
  • the aliphatic radical is a linear and branched chain with 8 to 22 carbon atoms and comprises at least one hydrosolubilizing anionic group (for example carboxylate, sulphonate, sulphate, phosphate
  • a representative, non-limiting list of non-ionic surfactants includes, alone or mixed, alcohols, alpha-diols, alkyl phenols or polyethoxylated, polypropoxylated or polyglycerolated fatty acids, having an aliphatic chain with for example 8 to 18 carbon atoms, where the number of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide groups can optionally be in the range from 2 to 50 and the number of glycerol groups can optionally be in the range from 2 to 30.
  • plasticizer known in the pharmaceutical art is suitable for use in the film product.
  • plasticizer include, but are not limited to, polyethylene glycol; glycerin; sorbitol; triethyl citrate; tribuyl citrate; dibutyl sebecate; vegetable oils such as castor oil; surfactants such as polysorbates, sodium lauryl sulfates, and dioctyl-sodium sulfosuccinates; propylene glycol; mono acetate of glycerol; diacetate of glycerol; triacetate of glycerol; natural gums and mixtures thereof.
  • the film product of the present invention may also contain at least one colorant, such as a pigment or dyestuff.
  • a pigment or dyestuff examples include, but are not limited to, inorganic pigments, organic pigments, lakes, pearlescent pigments, irridescent or optically variable pigments, and mixtures thereof.
  • a pigment should be understood to mean inorganic or organic, white or colored particles.
  • Said pigments may optionally be surface-treated within the scope of the present invention but are not limited to treatments such as silicones, perfluorinated compounds, lecithin, and amino acids.
  • inorganic pigments useful in the present invention include those selected from the group consisting of rutile or anatase titanium dioxide, coded in the Color Index under the reference CI 77,891; black, yellow, red and brown iron oxides, coded under references CI 77,499, 77,492 and, 77,491; manganese violet (CI 77,742); ultramarine blue (CI 77,007); chromium oxide (CI 77,288); chromium hydrate (CI 77,289); and ferric blue (CI 77,510) and mixtures thereof.
  • organic pigments and lakes useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, D&C Red No. 19 (CI 45,170), D&C Red No. 9 (CI 15,585), D&C Red No. 21 (CI 45,380), D&C Orange No. 4 (CI 15,510), D&C Orange No. 5 (CI 45,370), D&C Red No. 27 (CI 45,410), D&C Red No. 13 (CI 15,630), D&C Red No. 7 (CI 15,850), D&C Red No. 6 (CI 15,850), D&C Yellow No. 5 (CI 19,140), D&C Red No. 36 (CI 12,085), D&C Orange No. 10 (CI 45,425), D&C Yellow No. 6 (CI 15,985), D&C Red No. 30 (CI 73,360), D&C Red No. 3 (CI 45,430) and the dye or lakes based on cochineal carmine (CI 75,570) and mixtures thereof.
  • D&C Red No. 19 CI 45,170
  • pearlescent pigments useful in the present invention include those selected from the group consisting of the white pearlescent pigments such as mica coated with titanium oxide, mica coated with titanium dioxide, bismuth oxychloride, titanium oxychloride, colored pearlescent pigments such as titanium mica with iron oxides, titanium mica with ferric blue, chromium oxide and the like, titanium mica with an organic pigment of the above-mentioned type as well as those based on bismuth oxychloride and mixtures thereof.
  • white pearlescent pigments such as mica coated with titanium oxide, mica coated with titanium dioxide, bismuth oxychloride, titanium oxychloride, colored pearlescent pigments such as titanium mica with iron oxides, titanium mica with ferric blue, chromium oxide and the like, titanium mica with an organic pigment of the above-mentioned type as well as those based on bismuth oxychloride and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable thickeners include, but are not limited to, cyclodextrin, crystallizable carbohydrates, and the like, and derivatives and combinations thereof.
  • Suitable crystallizable carbohydrates include the monosaccharides and the oligosaccharides.
  • aldohexoses e.g., the D and L isomers of allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, idose, galactose, talose
  • ketohexoses e.g., the D and L isomers of fructose and sorbose along with their hydrogenated analogs: e.g., glucitol (sorbitol), and mannitol are preferred.
  • the 1,2-disaccharides sucrose and trehalose the 1,4-disaccharides maltose, lactose, and cellobiose, and the 1,6-disaccharides gentiobiose and melibiose, as well as the trisaccharide raffinose are preferred along with the isomerized form of sucrose known as isomaltulose and its hydrogenated analog isomalt.
  • Other hydrogenated forms of reducing disaccharides such as maltose and lactose
  • maltitol and lactitol are also preferred.
  • the hydrogenated forms of the aldopentoses e.g., D and L ribose, arabinose, xylose, and lyxose and the hydrogenated forms of the aldotetroses: e.g., D and L erythrose and threose are suitable and are exemplified by xylitol and erythritol, respectively.
  • Preservatives known in the art may optionally be added to the film. Suitable Preservatives include, but are not limited to Benzalkonium Chloride, Benzyl Alcohol, 2-Bromo-2-Nitropropane, Butylparaben, Chlorhexidine Digluconate, Chlorphenism, Dehydroacetic Acid, Citric Acid, Diazolidinyl Urea, DMDM Hydantoin, Ethylparaben, Formaldahyde, Imidazolidinyl Urea, Isobutylparaben, Methylisothiazolinone, Methylparaben, Phenoxyethanol, Polyaminopropyl biguanide, Potassium Sorbate, Propylparaben, Quaternium-15, Salicylic Acid, Sodium benzoate, Sodium Dehydroacetate, Sodium Metabisulfite, Sodium Salicylate, Sodium Sulfite, Sorbic Acid, Stearalkonium Ch
  • microbeads or other particulate materials may be incorporated and used as “scrubbing particles” or “exfoliates” in film products used in personal care products such as facial scrubs and body washes.
  • the microbeads are small particles, generally having a particle size of less than about 1,000 ⁇ m, often less than about 750 ⁇ m.
  • topical compositions and/or skin cleansing compositions incorporate microbeads or particulates having a size of less than about 300 ⁇ m, and preferably, less than about 100 ⁇ m.
  • Particulates, such as pumice can range from 35-1400 ⁇ m: topical compositions generally employ pumice having a particle size of about 100 ⁇ m.
  • the particle size should be taken into consideration when employing a screen mask, as the particle size is generally less than about 1 ⁇ 3 of the opening in the screen. For larger particles it is more advantages to use stencil because there are screen limitations to consider.
  • the microbeads can be a generally homogeneous material and can comprise pumice, polyethylene, glass, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, celluloses, such as Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC), or Vitamin E.
  • HPMC Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose
  • Vitamin E Alternatively, the microbeads can be in the form of microencapsulated particles in which desirable material is encapsulated in a covering material to delay the release of the material to the environment.
  • the microencapsulated particle may include adhesives and/or one or more benefit agents described in more detail below.
  • the film-forming composition for example as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , includes a benefit agent.
  • the resulting multilayered film product 100 has a first surface 106 formed on a releasable surface of the substrate, and a second surface 108 opposite thereof.
  • the first surface 106 is arranged and configured to deliver the benefit agent therethrough.
  • the first surface 106 may be protected by a release liner on a flexible substrate during manufacture and storage prior to use by a consumer.
  • the second surface 108 is exposed to ambient conditions during the finishing of the raw shape.
  • the first surface 106 may be tacky after removal from the substrate, and it may adhere to the skin of a consumer.
  • the second surface 108 may “dry out” during transformation to the multilayered film product 100 .
  • the tacky first surface 106 can be ideal for delivery of a benefit agent to the skin of the consumer.
  • the term “benefit agent” and variants thereof relates to an element, an ion, a compound (e.g., a synthetic compound or a compound isolated from a natural source) or other chemical moiety in solid (e.g. particulate), liquid, or gaseous state and compound that has a cosmetic or therapeutic effect on the skin.
  • a compound e.g., a synthetic compound or a compound isolated from a natural source
  • other chemical moiety in solid (e.g. particulate), liquid, or gaseous state and compound that has a cosmetic or therapeutic effect on the skin.
  • compositions of the present invention may further include one or more benefit agents or pharmaceutically-acceptable salts and/or esters thereof, the benefit agents generally capable of interacting with the skin to provide a benefit thereto.
  • benefit agent includes any active ingredient that is to be delivered into and/or onto the skin at a desired location, such as a cosmetic or pharmaceutical.
  • the benefit agents useful herein may be categorized by their therapeutic benefit or their postulated mode of action. However, it is to be understood that the benefit agents useful herein may, in some circumstances, provide more than one therapeutic benefit or operate via greater than one mode of action. Therefore, the particular classifications provided herein are made for the sake of convenience and are not intended to limit the benefit agents to the particular application(s) listed.
  • suitable benefit agents include those that provide benefits to the skin, such as, but not limited to, depigmentation agents; reflectants; film forming polymers; amino acids and their derivatives; antimicrobial agents; allergy inhibitors; anti-acne agents; anti-aging agents; anti-wrinkling agents, antiseptics; analgesics; shine-control agents; antipruritics; local anesthetics; anti-hair loss agents; hair growth promoting agents; hair growth inhibitor agents, antihistamines; anti-infectives; anti-inflammatory agents; anticholinergics; vasoconstrictors; vasodilators; wound healing promoters; peptides, polypeptides and proteins; deodorants and antiperspirants; medicament agents; skin firming agents, vitamins; skin lightening agents; skin darkening agents; antifungals; depilating agents; counterirritants; hemorrhoidals; insecticides; enzymes for exfoliation or other functional benefits; enzyme inhibitors; poison ivy products; poison oak
  • the benefit agent may also provide passive benefits to the skin.
  • the benefit agent may be formulated into a composition that include such ingredients as humectants or emollients, softeners or conditioners of the skin, make-up preparations, and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable anti-edema agents nonexclusively include bisabolol natural, synthetic bisabolol, corticosteroids, beta-glucans, and mixtures thereof.
  • vasoconstrictors nonexclusively include horse chestnut extract, prickly ash, peroxides, tetrahydrozaline, and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable anti-inflammatory agents nonexclusively include benoxaprofen, centella asiatica , bisabolol, feverfew (whole), feverfew (parthenolide free), green tea extract, green tea concentrate, hydrogen peroxide, salicylates, oat oil, chamomile, and mixtures thereof.
  • neo-collagen enhancers nonexclusively include vitamin A and its derivatives (e.g. beta-carotene and retinoids such as retinoic acid, retinal, retinyl esters such as and retinyl palmitate, retinyl acetate and retinyl propionate); vitamin C and its derivatives such as ascorbic acid, ascorbyl phosphates, ascorbyl palmitate and ascorbyl glucoside; copper peptides; simple sugars such as lactose, mellibiose and fructose; and mixtures thereof.
  • vitamin A and its derivatives e.g. beta-carotene and retinoids such as retinoic acid, retinal, retinyl esters such as and retinyl palmitate, retinyl acetate and retinyl propionate
  • vitamin C and its derivatives such as ascorbic acid, ascorbyl phosphates, ascorbyl palmitate
  • enzymes examples include papain, bromelain, pepsin, and trypsin.
  • suitable skin firming agent nonexclusively include alkanolamines such as dimethylaminoethanol (“DMAE”).
  • DMAE dimethylaminoethanol
  • suitable antipruritics and skin protectants nonexclusively include oatmeal, beta-glucan, feverfew, soy products (by “soy product,” it is meant a substance derived from soybeans, as described in United States Patent Application 2002-0160062), bicarbonate of soda, colloidal oatmeal, Anagallis Arvensis, Oenothera Biennis, Verbena Officinalis , and the like.
  • colloidal oatmeal means the powder resulting from the grinding and further processing of whole oat grain meeting United States Standards for Number 1 or Number 2 oats.
  • the colloidal oatmeal has a particle size distribution as follows: not more than 3 percent of the total particles exceed 150 micrometers in size and not more than 20 percent of the total particles exceed 75 micrometers in size.
  • suitable colloidal oatmeals include, but are not limited to, “Tech-O” available from the Beacon Corporation (Kenilworth, N.J.) and colloidal oatmeals available from Quaker (Chicago, Ill.).
  • Suitable reflectants nonexclusively include mica, alumina, calcium silicate, glycol dioleate, glycol distearate, silica, sodium magnesium fluorosilicate, and mixtures thereof.
  • Examples of skin darkening agents nonexclusively include dihydroxy acetone, erythulose, melanin, and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable film forming polymers include those that, upon drying, produce a substantially continuous coating or film on the skin or nails.
  • suitable film forming polymers include acrylamidopropyl trimonium chloride/acrylamide copolymer; corn starch/acrylamide/sodium acrylate copolymer; polyquaternium-10; polyquaternium-47; polyvinylmethylether/maleic anhydride copolymer; styrene/acrylates copolymers; and mixtures thereof.
  • humectants which are capable of providing moisturization and conditioning properties nonexclusively include: (i) water soluble liquid polyols selected from the group comprising glycerine, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof; (ii) polyalkylene glycol of the formula HO—(R′′O)b-H wherein R′′ is an alkylene group having from about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms and b is an integer of from about 1 to about 10, such as PEG 4; (iii) polyethylene glycol ether of methyl glucose of formula CH3-C6H10O5-(OCH2CH2)c-OH wherein c is an integer from about 5 to about 25; (iv) urea; (v) fructose; (vi) glucose; (vii) honey; (viii) lactic acid; (ix) maltose; (x) sodium glucuronate; and (ii
  • Suitable amino acids and derivatives include amino acids derived from the hydrolysis of various proteins as well as the salts, esters, and acyl derivatives thereof.
  • Examples of such amino acid agents nonexclusively include amphoteric amino acids such as alkylamido alkylamines, i.e.
  • stearyl acetyl glutamate capryloyl silk amino acid, capryloyl collagen amino acids; capryloyl keratin amino acids; capryloyl pea amino acids; cocodimonium hydroxypropyl silk amino acids; corn gluten amino acids; cysteine; glutamic acid; glycine; hair keratin amino acids; amino acids such as aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, cystine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, cysteic acid, lysine, histidine, arginine, cysteine, tryptophan, citrulline; lysine; silk amino acids, wheat amino acids; and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable proteins include those polymers that have a long chain, i.e. at least about 10 carbon atoms, and a high molecular weight, i.e. at least about 1000, and are formed by self-condensation of amino acids.
  • Nonexclusive examples of such proteins include collagen, deoxyribonuclease, iodized corn protein; milk protein; protease; serum protein; silk; sweet almond protein; wheat germ protein; wheat protein; alpha and beta helix of keratin proteins; hair proteins, such as intermediate filament proteins, high-sulfur proteins, ultrahigh-sulfur proteins, intermediate filament-associated proteins, high-tyrosine proteins, high-glycine tyrosine proteins, tricohyalin, and mixtures thereof.
  • vitamins nonexclusively include various forms of vitamin B complex, including thiamine, nicotinic acid, biotin, pantothenic acid, choline, riboflavin, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, pyridoxine, inositol, carnitine; vitamins A,C,D,E,K and their derivatives such as vitamin A palmitate and pro-vitamins, e.g. (i.e., panthenol (pro vitamin B5) and panthenol triacetate) and mixtures thereof.
  • vitamin B complex including thiamine, nicotinic acid, biotin, pantothenic acid, choline, riboflavin, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, pyridoxine, inositol, carnitine; vitamins A,C,D,E,K and their derivatives such as vitamin A palmitate and pro-vitamins, e.g. (i.e., panthenol (pro vitamin B5) and panthen
  • Suitable antimicrobial agents nonexclusively include bacitracin, erythromycin, neomycin, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, benzethonium chloride, phenol, benzyl peroxide, metal salts or ions such as silver and its salts and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable skin emollients and skin moisturizers nonexclusively include mineral oil, lanolin, vegetable oils, isostearyl isostearate, glyceryl laurate, methyl gluceth-10, methyl gluceth-20 chitosan, and mixtures thereof.
  • a suitable hair softener nonexclusively includes silicone compounds, such as those that are either non-volatile or volatile and those that are water soluble or water insoluble.
  • suitable silicones include organo-substituted polysiloxanes, which are either linear or cyclic polymers of monomeric silicone/oxygen monomers and which nonexclusively include cetyl dimethicone; cetyl triethylammonium dimethicone copolyol phthalate; cyclomethicone; dimethicone copolyol; dimethicone copolyol lactate; hydrolyzed soy protein/dimethicone copolyol acetate; silicone quaternium 13; stearalkonium dimethicone copolyol phthalate; stearamidopropyl dimethicone; and mixtures thereof.
  • sunscreens nonexclusively include benzophenones, bornelone, butyl paba, cinnamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, disodium distyrylbiphenyl disulfonate, PABA and its derivatives (such as octyl dimethyl PABA, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, isoamyl methoxycinnamate, methyl benzilidene camphor, octyl triazole, octyl methoxycinnamate, oxybenzone, octocrylene, octyl salicylate, homosalate, phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid, ethyl hydroxypropyl aminobenzoate, menthyl anthranilate, aminobenzoic acid, cinoxate, diethanolamine methoxycinnamate, glyceryl aminobenzoate, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide,
  • Examples of skin lightening agents nonexclusively include hydroquinone, catechol and its derivatives, ascorbic acid and its derivatives, and mixtures thereof.
  • suitable insecticides include permethrin, pyrethrin, piperonyl butoxide, imidacloprid, N,N-diethyl toluamide, which refers to the material containing predominantly the meta isomer, i.e., N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, which is also known as DEET, natural or synthetic pyrethroids, whereby the natural pyrethroids are contained in pyrethrum, the extract of the ground flowers of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium or C coccineum ; and mixtures thereof.
  • anti-fungals for foot preparations nonexclusively include tolnaftate and myconozole.
  • Suitable depilating agents nonexclusively include calcium thioglycolate, magnesium thioglycolate, potassium thioglycolate, strontium thioglycolate, and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable analgesics such as external analgesics and local anesthetics nonexclusively include benzocaine, dibucaine, benzyl alcohol, camphor, capsaicin, capsicum, capsicum oleoresin, juniper tar, menthol, methyl nicotinate, methyl salicylate, phenol, resorcinol, turpentine oil, and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable antiperspirants and deodorants nonexclusively include aluminium chlorohydrates, aluminium zirconium chlorohydrates, and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable counterirritants nonexclusively include camphor, menthol, methyl salicylate, peppermint and clove oils, ichtammol, and mixtures thereof.
  • An example of a suitable inflammation inhibitor nonexclusively includes hydrocortisone, Fragaria Vesca, Matricaria Chamomilla , and Salvia Officinalis.
  • suitable anaesthetic ingredients nonexclusively include the benzocaine, pramoxine hydrochloride, lidocaine, betacaine and mixtures thereof; antiseptics such as benzethonium chloride; astringents such as zinc oxide, bismuth subgallate, balsam Peru, and mixtures thereof; skin protectants such as zinc oxide, silicone oils, petrolatum, cod liver oil, vegetable oil, and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable benefits agents effective in the treatment of dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and psoriasis, as well as the symptoms associated therewith nonexclusively include zinc pyrithione, anthralin, shale oil and derivatives thereof such as sulfonated shale oil, selenium sulfide, sulfur; salicylic acid; coal tar; povidone-iodine, imidazoles such as ketoconazole, dichlorophenyl imidazolodioxalan (“elubiol”), clotrimazole, itraconazole, miconazole, climbazole, tioconazole, sulconazole, butoconazole, fluconazole, miconazole nitrate and any possible stereo isomers and derivatives thereof; piroctone olamine (Octopirox); ciclopirox olamine; anti-psoriasis agents such as vitamin D analogs,
  • vitamin A analogs such as esters of vitamin A, e.g. vitamin A palmitate and vitamin A acetate, retinyl propionate, retinaldehyde, retinol, and retinoic acid
  • corticosteroids such as hydrocortisone, clobetasone, butyrate, clobetasol propionate menthol, pramoxine hydrochloride, and mixtures thereof.
  • benefit agents suitable for treating hair loss include, but are not limited to potassium channel openers or peripheral vasodilators such as minoxidil, diazoxide, and compounds such as N*-cyano-N-(tert-pentyl)-N′-3-pyridinyl-guanidine (“P-1075”); saw palmetto extract, vitamins, such as vitamin E and vitamin C, and derivatives thereof such as vitamin E acetate and vitamin C palmitate; hormones, such as erythropoietin, prostaglandins, such as prostaglandin El and prostaglandin F2-alpha; fatty acids, such as oleic acid; diruretics such as spironolactone; heat shock proteins (“HSP”), such as HSP 27 and HSP 72; calcium channel blockers, such as verapamil HCL, nifedipine, and diltiazemamiloride; immunosuppressant drugs, such as cyclosporin and Fk-506; 5 alpha-re
  • benefit agents suitable for use in inhibiting hair growth include: serine proteases such as trypsin; vitamins such as alpha-tocophenol (vitamin E) and derivatives thereof such as tocophenol acetate and tocophenol palmitate; antineoplastic agents, such as doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, chlormethine, methotrexate, fluorouracil, vincristine, daunorubicin, bleomycin and hydroxycarbamide; anticoagulants, such as heparin, heparinoids, coumaerins, detran and indandiones; antithyroid drugs, such as iodine, thiouracils and carbimazole; lithium and lithium carbonate; interferons, such as interferon alpha, interferon alpha-2a and interferon alpha-2b; retinoids, such as retinol (vitamin A), isotretinoin: glucocorticoids such as betamethasone, and dex
  • Suitable anti-aging agents include, but are not limited to inorganic sunscreens such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide; organic sunscreens such as octyl-methoxy cinnamates and derivatives thereof; retinoids; copper containing peptides; vitamins such as vitamin E, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B, and derivatives thereof such as vitamin E acetate, vitamin C palmitate, and the like; antioxidants including beta carotene, alpha hydroxy acids such as glycolic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, mandelic acid, ascorbic acid, alpha-hydroxybutyric acid, alpha-hydroxyisobutyric acid, alpha-hydroxyisocaproic acid, atrrolactic acid, alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, ethyl pyruvate, galacturonic acid, glucoheptonic acid, glucoheptono 1,4-lactone, gluconic acid, gluconolactone, glucuronic acid, glucuronolactone
  • Suitable anti-acne agents include, but are not limited to topical retinoids (tretinoin, isotretinoin, motretinide, adapalene, tazarotene, azelaic acid, retinol); salicylic acid; benzoyl peroxide; resorcinol; antibiotics such as tetracycline and isomers thereof, erythromycin, and the anti-inflammatory agents such as ibuprofen, naproxen, hetprofen; botanical extracts such as alnus, arnica, artemisia capillaris, asiasarum root, birrh, calendula , chamomile, cnidium, comfrey, fennel, galla rhois, hawthorn, houttuynia, hypericum , jujube, kiwi, licorice, magnolia , olive, peppermint, philodendron,
  • depigmentation agents include, but are not limited to soy products, retinoids such as retinol; Kojic acid and its derivatives such as, for example, kojic dipalmitate; hydroquinone and it derivatives such as arbutin; transexamic acid; vitamins such as niacin, vitamin C and its derivatives; azelaic acid; placertia; licorice; extracts such as chamomile and green tea, and mixtures thereof, with retinoids, Kojic acid, soy products, and hydroquinone being particularly suitable examples.
  • retinoids such as retinol
  • Kojic acid and its derivatives such as, for example, kojic dipalmitate
  • hydroquinone and it derivatives such as arbutin
  • transexamic acid vitamins such as niacin, vitamin C and its derivatives
  • vitamins such as niacin, vitamin C and its derivatives
  • azelaic acid placertia
  • anti-hemorrhoidal products include, but are not limited to anesthetics such as benzocaine, pramoxine hydrochloride, and mixtures thereof; antiseptics such as benzethonium chloride; astringents such as zinc oxide, bismuth subgallate, balsam Peru, and mixtures thereof; skin protectants such as cod liver oil, vegetable oil, and mixtures thereof.
  • anesthetics such as benzocaine, pramoxine hydrochloride, and mixtures thereof
  • antiseptics such as benzethonium chloride
  • astringents such as zinc oxide, bismuth subgallate, balsam Peru, and mixtures thereof
  • skin protectants such as cod liver oil, vegetable oil, and mixtures thereof.
  • vasodilators include, but are not limited to minoxidil, diazoxide, and compounds such as N*-cyano-N-(tert-pentyl)-N′-3-pyridinyl-guanidine (“P-1075”).
  • Suitable shine-control agents include, but are not limited to hydrated silica, kaolin, and bentonite.
  • suitable anti-histamines include, but are not limited to diphenhydramine HCl.
  • suitable antiinfectives include, but are not limited to benzalkonium chloride, hexamidine, and hydrogen peroxide.
  • suitable wound healing promoters include, but are not limited to chitosan and its derivatives.
  • suitable poison ivy and poison oak products include, but are not limited to bentonite, hydrocortisone, menthol, and lidocaine.
  • burn products include, but are not limited to benzocaine and lidocaine.
  • Suitable anti-diaper rash products include but are not limited to zinc oxide and petrolatum.
  • suitable prickly heat products include, but are not limited to zinc oxide.
  • suitable sensates include, but are not limited to menthol, fragrances, and capsaicin.
  • Benefit agents that may be particularly suitable for use with the multilayered film product 100 include, DMAE, soy products, colloidal oatmeal, sulfonated shale oil, olive leaf, elubiol, 6-(1-piperidinyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine-3-oxide, finasteride, ketoconazole, salicylic acid, zinc pyrithione, coal tar, benzoyl peroxide, selenium sulfide, hydrocortisone, sulfur, menthol, pramoxine hydrochloride, tricetylmonium chloride, polyquaternium 10, panthenol, panthenol triacetate, vitamin A and derivatives thereof, vitamin B and derivatives thereof, vitamin C and derivatives thereof, vitamin D and derivatives thereof, vitamin E and derivatives thereof, vitamin K and derivatives thereof, keratin, lysine, arginine, hydrolyzed wheat proteins, copper containing compounds such as copper containing peptides and copper salts
  • Benefit agents that may be of particularly suitable for use the multilayered film product 100 include neo-collagen promoters (e.g. retinoids such as retinal and copper-containing peptides), skin firming agents (e.g. DMAE), and depigmenting agents (e.g. soy).
  • neo-collagen promoters e.g. retinoids such as retinal and copper-containing peptides
  • skin firming agents e.g. DMAE
  • depigmenting agents e.g. soy
  • the amount of the benefit agent that may be used may vary depending upon, for example, the ability of the benefit agent to penetrate through the skin or nail, the specific benefit agent chosen, the particular benefit desired, the sensitivity of the user to the benefit agent, the health condition, age, and skin and/or nail condition of the user, and the like.
  • the benefit agent is used in a “safe and effective amount,” which is an amount that is high enough to deliver a desired skin or nail benefit or to modify a certain condition to be treated, but is low enough to avoid serious side effects, at a reasonable risk to benefit ratio within the scope of sound medical judgment.
  • the benefit agent may be formulated, mixed, or compounded with other ingredients into a composition (e.g. liquid, emulsion, cream, and the like) wherein the other ingredients do not detract from the functionality of the benefit agent.
  • a delivery agent that enhances the absorption of the one or more benefit agents into the skin may be formulated with the benefit agent to fulfill this function.
  • Suitable delivery agents include, for example, sulfoxides, alcohols such as ethanol; fatty acids such as, for example, linoleic acid or oleic acid, fatty esters such as, for example, may be produced from reacting a C3-C10 carboxylic acid with a C10-C20 fatty alcohol; a polyol, an alkane, an amine, an amide, a turpene, a surfactant, a cyclodextrin or combinations thereof among other agents known to the art to be suitable for enhancing the penetration of various benefit agents through the stratum corneum into deeper layers of the skin.
  • the concentration of the benefit agent within the composition is variable. Unless otherwise expressed herein, typically the benefit agent is present in the composition in an amount, based upon the total weight of the composition/system, from about 0.01 percent to about 20 percent, such as from about 0.01 percent to about 5 percent (e.g., from about 0.01 percent to about 1 percent).
  • composition that includes the benefit agent may also serve as a coupling composition as described previously and may include ingredients that enable the composition to possess one of these functions.
  • fragrances, flavors, sweeteners, coloring agents, pigments, dyes and the like may be added to the film-forming composition of the present invention.
  • compositions, form and method of producing the device of the present invention are illustrative of the composition, form and method of producing the device of the present invention. It is to be understood that many variations of composition, form and method of producing the device would be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • the test method was standardized to: Temperature: 70° F. (21° C.) Spindle # RV S06 Motor speed 20 rpm. 2
  • the screen printing ink used for testing is manufactured by Speedball Art Products, LLC, 2301 Speedball Road, Statesville, NC 28677 USA, % solids was not recorded.
  • Stencil material plastic shim stock, shape cut-out via laser, substrate poly coated paper (ULINE® Freezer Paper #S7045. 40 lb. virgin paper bleached white and coated with 5 lb. polyethylene on one side, available from Uline, Pleasant Prairie, Wis., USA).
  • substrate poly coated paper ULINE® Freezer Paper #S7045. 40 lb. virgin paper bleached white and coated with 5 lb. polyethylene on one side, available from Uline, Pleasant Prairie, Wis., USA).
  • a rotary module screen printing apparatus (per FIG. 3 ) with a drum diameter of 5 inches was used.
  • the outer surface of the drum was defined by a 0.003 inch nickel screen (40 ⁇ 40 mesh (openings/inch)) and a mask having the thickness identified in Table 3 (from 0.010 to 0.030 inches) was formed on the inner surface of the mesh.
  • the film-forming compositions were deposed on a substrate as in Examples 1-18 (ULINE® Freezer Paper #S7045). The results are shown in Table 3.
  • FIG. 20 shows a stencil-printed first layer 2000 that was deposited on the polycoated paper 2002 of Examples 1-18 (ULINE® Freezer Paper #S7045).
  • the first layer 2000 was a 1-inch (25.4 mm) diameter circle formed with a stencil mask of 0.005 inch (0.013 mm) thickness.
  • a woven wire screen 2004 (60 ⁇ 60 mesh formed of 304 stainless steel wire having a 0.0075 inch (0.2 mm) diameter) with a mask 2006 (0.002 inch (0.05 mm) polyester shim stock epoxied to the screen) having a circular opening 2008 (0.875 inch (22 mm) diameter) was placed over the first layer 2000 and separated from the polycoated paper 2003 by means of a spacer 2010 placed around the first layer 2000 .
  • the spacer 2010 defined a gap 2012 between the top of the first layer 2000 and the screen 2004 . This gap 2012 defines the thickness of the second layer.
  • Example 35 The thickness of Example 35 was measured, and the dry thickness of the top and bottom layers was recorded as 0.0015 inch.
  • Example 35 resulted in a relatively uniform top layer.
  • Example 36 showed that the bottom layer, having a lower viscosity, was very flat, and the top layer was thicker.
  • Example 37 had a more pronounced viscosity differential, and the screen contacted the bottom layer during deposition, texturing the bottom layer.
  • Example 38 had a significantly more pronounced viscosity differential, with the top layer having a viscosity about 50% of the bottom layer. Again the screen contacted the bottom layer during deposition, and the top layer ink had significant bubbles formed therein that were maintained in the dried product.
  • Example 39 with a significantly higher viscosity formulation in the top layer did not release from the screen to the bottom layer very well. In addition, the noticeable amounts of the bottom layer adhered to the screen/top layer formulation after removal of the screen during printing.

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