US20150033741A1 - Turbine facility and water treatment method for heater drainage water - Google Patents

Turbine facility and water treatment method for heater drainage water Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150033741A1
US20150033741A1 US14/376,759 US201314376759A US2015033741A1 US 20150033741 A1 US20150033741 A1 US 20150033741A1 US 201314376759 A US201314376759 A US 201314376759A US 2015033741 A1 US2015033741 A1 US 2015033741A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
steam
water
heater
feedwater
turbine
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US14/376,759
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English (en)
Inventor
Mamoru Iwasaki
Nobuaki Nagao
Senichi Tsubakizaki
Masaharu Takada
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Assigned to KURITA WATER INDUSTRIES LTD. reassignment KURITA WATER INDUSTRIES LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: IWASAKI, MAMORU, NAGAO, NOBUAKI, TAKADA, MASAHARU, TSUBAKIZAKI, Senichi
Publication of US20150033741A1 publication Critical patent/US20150033741A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/40—Use of two or more feed-water heaters in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/38—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating the engines being of turbine type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/20—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
    • C02F1/488—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields for separation of magnetic materials, e.g. magnetic flocculation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C02F2101/203—Iron or iron compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/22—Eliminating or preventing deposits, scale removal, scale prevention

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a turbine facility, and more particularly relates to a turbine facility equipped with a mechanism that filters heater drainage water and recovers water to a feed pipe. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a water treatment method for heater drainage water in the turbine facility.
  • high-pressure and low-pressure straight multi-stage steam turbines are used in many cases.
  • the turbine is rotated by high-temperature, high-pressure steam generated in a boiler or steam generator, and thus a power generator is rotated.
  • a power generator is rotated.
  • the energy conversion efficiency in the turbine decreases, and therefore, partial of wet steam is performed at a predetermined stage of the turbine.
  • the extraction steam has a large amount of energy including latent heat of vaporization.
  • the bleed of steam from the predetermined stage of the turbine is led to a heat exchanger and subjected to indirect heat exchange with condensate, thus heating the condensate.
  • a heat exchanger which heats the condensate using the extraction steam from a high-pressure turbine is referred to as a “high-pressure heater”, and a heat exchanger which heats the condensate using the extraction steam from a low-pressure turbine is referred to as a “low-pressure heater”.
  • the extraction steam from the low-pressure turbine is low in temperature and pressure compared with the extraction steam from the high-pressure turbine. Therefore, the condensate discharged from a condenser passes through a low-pressure heater first, then passes through a deaerator, a high-pressure heater, and an economizer, and circulated again as feedwater to the boiler. Furthermore, high-pressure heater drainage generated by condensation in the high-pressure heater and low-pressure heater drainage generated by condensation in the low-pressure heater are led to a condensate main pipe, and recycled as boiler feedwater.
  • magnetite layer As the thickness of the magnetite layer increases excessively, the heat-transfer coefficient decreases. Furthermore, magnetite forms a wavelike oxide layer on the boiler tube surface and increases the water flow resistance of boiler water, resulting in a decrease in comprehensive energy conversion efficiency. Therefore, in power generation facilities, once in three to four years, chemical cleaning is performed during the periodic maintenance so that excessive growth of magnetite oxide layers can be controlled and corrosion prevention of boiler tubes and decreases in resistance of heat transfer and water flow resistance can be achieved.
  • CWT Combined Water Treatment
  • feedwater including both condensate and makeup water is treated with a deaerator, in which oxygen, inert gases, and the like are removed, and then by adding pure oxygen, the oxygen concentration in the feedwater is controlled to about 5 ppb.
  • CWT combined Treatment using ammonia together with oxygen was mainly carried out.
  • oxygen treatment in which oxygen only is added has become the mainstream.
  • a layer of hematite Fe 2 O 3
  • the hematite layer is very dense, the surface thereof is smoother than that of the magnetite layer, and therefore, the hematite layer does not increase water flow resistance. Furthermore, the hematite layer is also chemically stable and has a high anti-corrosion effect. Therefore, CWT less frequently requires chemical cleaning than AVT. For these reasons, the number of boilers to which CWT treatment is applied has been increasing in large-scale thermal power plants in Japan.
  • the condensate from the turbine is heated by a feedwater heater which uses the extraction steam as a heat source.
  • the drainage from the feedwater heater joins the condensate and recycled as feedwater.
  • the pore size of the filter (which may be described as the effective filter pore size) is indicated by the absolute filter pore size that allows particles with a target particle size to be removed at a probability of 99% or more.
  • the iron oxide fine particles were observed with an electron microscope, they were found to be acicular crystals having a very high ratio of length to cross-sectional diameter of the particle (shape ratio).
  • the iron oxide fine particles were separated, and form identification was performed by Mossbauer spectrometric analysis.
  • composite oxides such as ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 , ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 , and ⁇ -FeOOH were present in 80% or more, which confirmed the formation of acicular crystals.
  • the oxygen dissolved in feedwater is consumed for oxide layer formation when being passed through boiler tubes, and the dissolved oxygen concentration gradually decreases.
  • High-temperature, high-pressure steam generated in the boiler decreases in temperature and pressure as being expanded in the turbine.
  • the saturation temperature becomes 130° C. or lower.
  • the extraction steam from the low-pressure turbine is condensed, developed turbulent flow occurs in the heater. Therefore, it is believed that a situation arises where a stable hematite layer is difficult to form on the heating surface of the low-pressure heater.
  • Iron oxide fine particles in the low-pressure drainage are believed to be formed because the dissolved iron is subjected to oxidation in the drain bulk and precipitated as hematite or geothite (FeOOH) particles which have a low solubility and which are chemically stable.
  • Patent Literatures 1 to 3 Techniques for the purpose of removing iron oxide fine particles in boiler feedwater have been proposed.
  • Patent Literature 1 describes that condensate is filtered with a membrane having a pore size of 0.01 to 0.3 ⁇ m.
  • Patent Literature 2 describes that condensate is filtered with a membrane having a pore size of 1 ⁇ m.
  • Patent Literatures 1 and 2 do not describe filtration treatment of low-pressure heater drainage.
  • Patent Literature 3 describes a turbine facility configured to filter low-pressure heater drainage and supply water to a water supply system and a water treatment method of heater drainage water in the turbine facility.
  • the iron concentration of drainage water exceeds a predetermined concentration
  • the drainage water is discharged out of the system. Only when the iron concentration is low, iron is removed with a filter and the filtrate is used as part of boiler feedwater.
  • the reason for this is that, since drainage water basically contains fine iron particles that cannot be filtered, except for the case where the iron concentration is equal to or less than the predetermined concentration, the iron content exceeds the allowable limit for boiler feedwater even if filtration treatment is performed.
  • Patent Literature 3 in addition to the problem that large-scale equipment is required, there are other problems in that the water recovery rate from heater drainage water decreases because drainage water having a high iron content is discharged out of the system, and the amount of discharge water increases.
  • Patent Literature 1 Japanese Patent Publication 9-206567 A
  • Patent Literature 2 Japanese Patent Publication 2000-218110 A
  • Patent Literature 3 Japanese Patent Publication 2008-25922 A
  • a turbine facility includes a boiler in which steam is generated by heat from a heat source, a steam turbine which is driven by the steam of the boiler, a condenser which condenses steam from the steam turbine, a water supply system which supplies condensate condensed by the condenser as feedwater to the boiler side, a feedwater heater which is interposed in the water supply system and in which part of steam supplied from the steam turbine to a reheater is extracted as extraction steam, and the feedwater is heated using the extraction steam, and a filtration device in which heater drainage water discharged from the feedwater heater is filtered and supplied to the water supply system for recovery, in which the filtration device includes a filter having a pore size of 1 to 5 ⁇ m.
  • a water treatment method for heater drainage water in a turbine facility includes vaporizing and superheating feedwater in a boiler by heat from a heat source, driving a steam turbine by means of generated steam, condensing steam discharged from the steam turbine with a condenser to form feedwater, supplying the feedwater to the boiler side, heating the feedwater in a feedwater heater using extraction steam extracted from part of steam supplied from the steam turbine to a reheater, and filtering heater drainage water which is generated by cooling the extraction steam in the feedwater heater so as to be recovered to a water supply system, in which the heater drainage water is filtered with a filter having a pore size of 1 to 5 ⁇ m.
  • the total amount of heater drainage water is filtered and supplied to the water supply system.
  • the feedwater heater for filtering drainage water is preferably a low-pressure feedwater heater.
  • the total amount of heater drainage water can be filtered and supplied to the water supply system, and thus the water recovery rate is high.
  • a filter has an appropriate flow velocity for use.
  • the amount of treated water is about one tenth compared with the case where the total amount of condensate is subjected to filtration treatment. Consequently, it is possible to provide a compact filtration device which has a small number of filters installed.
  • iron oxide fine particles generated in the low-pressure heater are acicular crystals that can be retained by a membrane with an effective filter pore size of 3 ⁇ m. Therefore, by using a filter with an effective filter pore size of 1 to 5 ⁇ m, the particles can be retained sufficiently. Since the filter pore size is large at 1 to 5 ⁇ m and the shape of fine particles is acicular, the flow pressure loss is unlikely to increase even when continuously used.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a turbine facility according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing experimental results.
  • FIG. 1 shows a turbine facility according to an embodiment.
  • Water (condensate and makeup water) in a condenser 1 is supplied through an electromagnetic filter 2 and a deionizer 3 including ion exchange resins, via a line 4 , to low-pressure feedwater heaters 5 , and heated.
  • the heated water is supplied via line 6 to a deaerator 7 , subjected to deaeration treatment, then heated by high-pressure feedwater heaters 8 , and supplied to a boiler 9 .
  • Steam generated in the boiler 9 is superheated by a superheater 10 , and then supplied via a steam line 11 to a high-pressure turbine 12 .
  • Steam flowing out of the high-pressure turbine 12 is sent via a steam line 13 to a reheater 14 , reheated, and then supplied via a steam line 15 to a low-pressure turbine 16 .
  • the effluent steam therefrom is returned to the condenser 1 .
  • An extraction steam line 17 branches off from the steam line 13 . Part of steam is separated from the line 11 , supplied to the heat source side of the low-pressure feedwater heater 5 , and heat-exchanged with water to form drainage water (low-pressure heater drainage water).
  • the low-pressure heater drainage water is supplied via a line 18 to a filtration device 19 , and after being filtered, supplied via a return line 20 to the water side of the low-pressure feedwater heater 5 .
  • the return line 20 may be connected to the line 4 on the inflow side of the low-pressure feedwater heater 5 or the line 6 on the outflow side.
  • the filter used in the filtration device 19 has a pore size (effective filter pore size) of 1 to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 4 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 4 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 2 to 3 ⁇ m.
  • a pore size effective filter pore size
  • the LV of the filtration device 19 is 0.2 to 1.2 m/Hr, and particularly preferably about 0.3 to 1.0 m/Hr.
  • the material for the filter is not particularly limited. However, since the temperature of low-pressure heater drainage water is 80° C. to 130° C., the material is preferably endurable for use in this temperature range for a minimum of one year. Specifically, a nonwoven fabric composed of polyphenylene sulfide fibers or fluororesin fibers is suitably used. When a nonwoven fabric filter alone is used, deposition of the filter cake and flow of filter fluid may cause distortion of the fiber layer, and the predetermined filtration efficiency may not be obtained in some cases. Therefore, the filter to be used preferably has a three-layer structure in which a nonwoven fabric is sandwiched at both surfaces between spunbonded sheets having a mechanical strength, and these layers are integrated by embossing.
  • the sum total of the amount of iron oxide retained by the first to fifth membrane filters was divided by the integrated flow rate and converted into the amount of Fe (iron).
  • the calculation result was 25 ⁇ g-Fe/L.
  • the total iron concentration in the filtrate passed through all of the first to fifth membrane filters was 1.4 ⁇ g-Fe/L.
  • Boiler drainage at 125° C. pressure 0.25 MPa (G) was made to flow at 580 mL/min through a pleated filter (effective filter pore size: 2 ⁇ m) with a diameter of 70 mm and an effective length of the filter surface of 25 mm, which was produced by folding three SMS sheets, each being obtained by sandwiching a nonwoven fabric composed of polyphenylene sulfide thin filaments spun by a melt blow method between spunbonded sheets, followed by embossing.
  • the total iron concentration of the influent water was 48 ⁇ g-Fe/L, and the total iron concentration in the filtrate at the outlet of the pleated filter was 2.0 ⁇ g-Fe/L.
  • the particle size distribution of the filter cake obtained by continuously passing water was measured by an ultrasonic particle size analyzer. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2 , the 50% by weight average particle size was 7 to 8 ⁇ m.
  • the cumulative content of particles having a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less was about 5% by weight, and the cumulative content of particles having a particle size of 5 ⁇ m or less was about 40% by weight. This shows that even when a filter with an effective filter pore size of less than 1 ⁇ m is used, the particle retention rate is not improved, and that when a filter with an effective filter pore size of more than 5 ⁇ m is used, the particle retention rate decreases.
  • the differential pressure is about 5 kPa, and even when drainage having a concentration of about 20 ⁇ g-Fe/L is made to pass through the filter for one year, the differential pressure does not increase to such an extent that passing of water is impeded.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
US14/376,759 2012-02-29 2013-02-19 Turbine facility and water treatment method for heater drainage water Abandoned US20150033741A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2012043802A JP5987354B2 (ja) 2012-02-29 2012-02-29 タービン設備及びヒータドレイン水の水処理方法
JP2012-043802 2012-02-29
PCT/JP2013/053923 WO2013129172A1 (ja) 2012-02-29 2013-02-19 タービン設備及びヒータドレイン水の水処理方法

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US14/376,759 Abandoned US20150033741A1 (en) 2012-02-29 2013-02-19 Turbine facility and water treatment method for heater drainage water

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US (1) US20150033741A1 (de)
JP (1) JP5987354B2 (de)
KR (1) KR20140136925A (de)
CN (1) CN104145160B (de)
IN (1) IN2014MN01824A (de)
TW (1) TWI586887B (de)
WO (1) WO2013129172A1 (de)

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CN109296415A (zh) * 2018-10-30 2019-02-01 华能国际电力股份有限公司 一种联合循环冷热电联供机组供汽过热度利用系统
CN113294217A (zh) * 2021-05-21 2021-08-24 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 带有小汽机的背压式汽轮机回热系统及热力平衡设计方法
US20220290855A1 (en) * 2021-03-09 2022-09-15 The Cleaver-Brooks Company, Inc. Auxiliary Boiler Systems and Methods of Operating and Implementing Same

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JP7286530B2 (ja) * 2019-12-26 2023-06-05 三菱重工業株式会社 水処理装置及び発電プラント並びに水処理方法
CN113431653B (zh) * 2021-07-23 2022-11-04 山东丰源生物质发电股份公司 汽轮机一级抽汽接带外供工业用汽设备

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CN109296415A (zh) * 2018-10-30 2019-02-01 华能国际电力股份有限公司 一种联合循环冷热电联供机组供汽过热度利用系统
US20220290855A1 (en) * 2021-03-09 2022-09-15 The Cleaver-Brooks Company, Inc. Auxiliary Boiler Systems and Methods of Operating and Implementing Same
US11859811B2 (en) * 2021-03-09 2024-01-02 The Cleaver-Brooks Company, Inc. Auxiliary boiler systems and methods of operating and implementing same
CN113294217A (zh) * 2021-05-21 2021-08-24 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 带有小汽机的背压式汽轮机回热系统及热力平衡设计方法

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TWI586887B (zh) 2017-06-11
JP5987354B2 (ja) 2016-09-07
CN104145160B (zh) 2016-10-12
JP2013181668A (ja) 2013-09-12
CN104145160A (zh) 2014-11-12
IN2014MN01824A (de) 2015-07-03
KR20140136925A (ko) 2014-12-01
TW201350669A (zh) 2013-12-16
WO2013129172A1 (ja) 2013-09-06

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