US20130324574A1 - Treatment of ocular inflammatory diseases using laquinimod - Google Patents

Treatment of ocular inflammatory diseases using laquinimod Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130324574A1
US20130324574A1 US13/909,403 US201313909403A US2013324574A1 US 20130324574 A1 US20130324574 A1 US 20130324574A1 US 201313909403 A US201313909403 A US 201313909403A US 2013324574 A1 US2013324574 A1 US 2013324574A1
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Prior art keywords
laquinimod
pharmaceutically acceptable
acceptable salt
subject
administration
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US13/909,403
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Joel Kaye
Hussein Hallak
Nora Tarcic
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Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd
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Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd
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Priority to US13/909,403 priority Critical patent/US20130324574A1/en
Assigned to TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD. reassignment TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TARCIC, NORA, KAYE, JOEL, HALLAK, HUSSEIN
Publication of US20130324574A1 publication Critical patent/US20130324574A1/en
Priority to US15/582,162 priority patent/US20170231971A1/en
Priority to US15/670,684 priority patent/US20170333420A1/en
Priority to US15/816,402 priority patent/US11654140B2/en
Priority to US17/459,971 priority patent/US20210386731A1/en
Priority to US18/774,728 priority patent/US20250134881A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
    • A61K31/4704—2-Quinolinones, e.g. carbostyril
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0048—Eye, e.g. artificial tears
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/08—Solutions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
    • A61P27/14—Decongestants or antiallergics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents

Definitions

  • Ocular Inflammatory Disease is a general term for describing inflammation affecting one or more parts of the eye or surrounding eye tissue.
  • Uveitis is the inflammation of the uvea or the uveal tract, which includes the iris, the ciliary body and the choroid portions of the eye. Inflammation of the overlying retina, called retinitis, or of the optic nerve, called optic neuritis, may occur with or without accompanying uveitis.
  • uveitis may be classified as anterior, intermediate, posterior or diffuse, depending on the portion of the uveal tract that is affected.
  • Anterior uveitis is localized primarily to the anterior segment of the eye and includes ulceris and iridocyclitis.
  • Intermediate uveitis also called peripheral uveitis
  • peripheral uveitis is centered in the area immediately behind the iris and lens in the region of the ciliary body and pars plana, hence the alternate terms “cyclitis’ and “pars planitis.”
  • Posterior uveitis signifies any of a number of forms of retinitis, choroiditis, or optic neuritis.
  • Diffuse uveitis implies inflammation involving all parts of the eye, including anterior, intermediate, and posterior structures (The Merck Manual, 1999).
  • Inflammation from uveitis may result in a variety of other eye conditions, including glaucoma, cataracts, and cystoid macular edema, and ultimately may lead to permanent vision loss.
  • Uveitis is the third leading cause of blindness in the developed world. There is no one root cause of uveitis or other OID.
  • Causes range from infections by certain bacteria, parasites, fungus, and viruses; trauma; autoimmune disease; inducement by certain drugs such as bisphosphonates or sulfonamides; and inducement by certain malignant cancers such as lymphoma.
  • Conjunctivitis is another OID that causes inflammation of the conjunctival tissue.
  • the conjunctiva is the thin, transparent layer of tissue that covers the outside surface of the eye, including the cornea and the visible sclera (the white part of the eye), and also lines the eyelids.
  • the conjunctiva secretes oils and mucus and is responsible for moistening and lubricating the eye.
  • Seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis (SAC and PAC) are generally associated with allergic reactions.
  • VKC and AKC vernal and atopic keratoconjunctivitis
  • SAC and PAC atopic keratoconjunctivitis
  • allergic eye reactions such as that caused by OID consist of two different phase reactions, early-phase reaction and late phase reaction, and each reaction has different cell types considered to be the major effector cells for production of the eye disease.
  • Early-phase reaction which occurs with SAC and PAC, for example, involves mast cells as the major effector cells
  • late-phase reaction which occurs with VKC and AKC, for example, involves eosinophils as the major effector cells.
  • Laquinimod is a novel synthetic compound with high oral bioavailability, which has been suggested as an oral formulation for Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS).
  • RRMS Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
  • This application provides a method of treating a subject suffering from an ocular inflammatory disease (OID), the method comprising periodic administration to the subject of a therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof effective to treat the subject.
  • OID ocular inflammatory disease
  • This application also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in treating a subject suffering from an ocular inflammatory disease.
  • This application also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in treating a subject suffering from uveitis, bacterial conjunctivitis, viral conjunctivitis, or an inflammation of the orbital tissue, the lacrimal apparatus, the eyelid, the cornea, the retina or the optic pathway.
  • This application also provides a pharmaceutical composition for use in treating a subject suffering from allergic conjunctivitis or uveitis comprising a unit dose of 10 ⁇ L of an aqueous pharmaceutical solution which contains in solution at least 0.2 mg laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • This application also provides a method of treating a subject suffering from an autoimmune disease-associated ocular inflammation, the method comprising periodic ocular administration to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof effective to treat the subject.
  • This application also provides an ocular pharmaceutical composition comprising laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in treating an autoimmune disease-associated ocular inflammation.
  • This application provides for a method of treating a subject suffering from an ocular inflammatory disease (OID), the method comprising periodic administration to the subject of a therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof effective to treat the subject.
  • OID ocular inflammatory disease
  • the ocular inflammatory disease is uveitis, bacterial conjunctivitis, viral conjunctivitis, or an inflammation of the orbital tissue, the lacrimal apparatus, the eyelid, the cornea, the retina or the optic pathway.
  • the OID is conjunctivitis.
  • the conjunctivitis is bacterial conjunctivitis.
  • the conjunctivitis is viral conjunctivitis.
  • the OID is uveitis. In another embodiment, the uveitis is anterior uveitis. In another embodiment, the uveitis is intermediate uveitis. In another embodiment, the uveitis is posterior uveitis. In yet another embodiment, the uveitis is diffuse uveitis.
  • the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is effective to reduce a symptom of the ocular inflammatory disease in the subject, induce clinical response, induce or maintain clinical remission, inhibit disease progression, inhibit a disease complication, reduce intraocular inflammation or reduce retina tissue destruction in the subject.
  • the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is effective to reduce one or more symptoms of the OID in the subject.
  • the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is effective to reverse the progression of the OID.
  • the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is effective to induce a clinical response or induce or maintain clinical remission in the subject suffering from the OID.
  • the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is effective to inhibit disease progression or disease complication in the subject suffering from the OID.
  • the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is effective to decrease eosinophil infiltration at the site of inflammation.
  • the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is effective to reduce intraocular inflammation.
  • the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is effective to reduce retina tissue destruction in the subject.
  • the OID is conjunctivitis and the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is effective to reduce a symptom of conjunctivitis in the subject.
  • the OID is uveitis and the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is effective to reduce a symptom of uveitis in the subject.
  • the ocular inflammatory disease is an inflammation of the orbital tissue, the lacrimal apparatus, the eyelid, the cornea, the retina or the optic pathway and the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is effective to reduce a symptom of the inflammation in the subject.
  • the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered topically. In another embodiment, administration of the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is ocular administration. In another embodiment, administration of the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is oral administration. In another embodiment the periodic administration is local administration. In another embodiment, the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the affected eye of the subject.
  • the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in the form of a liquid or a gel. In another embodiment, the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in liquid form. In another embodiment, the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in a liquid eye drop. In another embodiment, the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in gel form.
  • the concentration of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the liquid or gel is 0.5% (5 mg/ml)-10.0% (100 mg/ml). In another embodiment, the concentration of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 1.0% (10 mg/ml)-7.0% (70 mg/ml). In another embodiment, the concentration of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 1.0% (10 mg/ml)-5.0% (50 mg/ml). In another embodiment, the concentration of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 1.0% (10 mg/ml). In another embodiment, the concentration of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 5.0% (50 mg/ml). In an embodiment, the volume of liquid or gel per administration is about 10 ⁇ l. As used herein “mg/ml” designates the amount (mg) of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof per volume (ml) of solution.
  • the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 0.05-4.0 mg per administration. In another embodiment, the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 0.05-2.0 mg per administration. In another embodiment, the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 0.1 mg per administration. In another embodiment, the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 0.5 mg per administration. In yet another embodiment, the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is at least 0.02 mg/day.
  • the periodic administration is 1-5 times a day. In one embodiment, the periodic administration is once a day. In another embodiment, the periodic administration is twice a day. In another embodiment, the periodic administration is three times a day. In yet another embodiment, the periodic administration is once every 2 days.
  • the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered once daily for a period of 2 to 14 days. In another embodiment, the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered once daily for a period of 5 to 14 days. In another embodiment, the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered once daily for a period of 10 to 14 days. In another embodiment, the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered once daily for about 7 days.
  • the ocular inflammatory disease is uveitis and the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is at least 0.2 mg/day.
  • the ocular inflammatory disease is allergic conjunctivitis and the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is at least 0.2 mg/day.
  • the OID is seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) or perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC).
  • the OID is atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) or vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC).
  • the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is effective to reduce a symptom of the conjunctivitis in the subject. In another embodiment, the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is effective to inhibit late ocular anaphylaxis in the subject. In another embodiment, the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is effective to reduce eosinophil infiltration in to the conjunctiva of the subject. In yet another embodiment, the eosinophil infiltration into the conjunctiva is measured by eosinophil density in the conjunctiva.
  • the eosinophil density is reduced by at least 40% as compared to a subject not administered laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment, the eosinophil density is reduced by at least 45% as compared to a subject not administered laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment, the eosinophil density is reduced by at least 50% as compared to a subject not administered laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another embodiment, the eosinophil density is reduced by at least 55% as compared to a subject not administered laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the eosinophil density is reduced by at least 60% as compared to a subject not administered laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In yet another embodiment, the eosinophil density is reduced by at least 65% as compared to a subject not administered laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered topically. In another embodiment, administration of the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is ocular administration. In another embodiment, administration of the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is oral administration. In another embodiment the periodic administration is local administration. In another embodiment, the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the affected eye of the subject.
  • the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in the form of a liquid or a gel. In another embodiment, the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in liquid form. In another embodiment, the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in a liquid eye drop. In another embodiment, the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in gel form.
  • the concentration of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the liquid or gel is 2.0% (20 mg/ml)-10.0% (100 mg/ml). In another embodiment, the concentration of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 2.0% (20 mg/ml)-7.0% (70 mg/ml). In another embodiment, the concentration of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 2.0% (20 mg/ml)-5.0% (50 mg/ml). In another embodiment, the concentration of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 5.0% (50 mg/ml). In an embodiment, the volume of liquid or gel per administration is about 10 ⁇ l. As used herein “mg/ml” designates the amount (mg) of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof per volume (ml) of solution.
  • the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 0.2-4.0 mg per administration. In another embodiment, the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 0.2-2.0 mg per administration. In yet another embodiment, the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 0.5 mg per administration.
  • the periodic administration is 1-5 times a day. In one embodiment, the periodic administration is once a day. In another embodiment, the periodic administration is twice a day. In another embodiment, the periodic administration is three times a day. In yet another embodiment, the periodic administration is once every 2 days.
  • the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered once daily for a period of 2 to 14 days. In another embodiment, the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered once daily for a period of 5 to 14 days. In another embodiment, the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered once daily for a period of 10 to 14 days. In another embodiment, the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered once daily for about 7 days.
  • the laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is in a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a tablet or capsule.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is a liquid solution.
  • the liquid solution is prepared by dissolving laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in a sterile pH-neutral solution.
  • the pH-neutral solution is saline.
  • the pH-neutral solution is phosphate buffered saline (PBS).
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • the pH-neutral solution is sterile water.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is a gel.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is hydrophilic.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises at least one gelling or suspension agent.
  • suitable gelling or suspension agents include carbomers, modified cellulose derivatives, naturally-occurring, synthetic or semi-synthetic gums such as xanthan gum, acacia and tragacanth, modified starches, co-polymers such as those formed between maleic anhydride and methyl vinyl ether, colloidal silica and methacrylate derivatives sold under the trade name EUDRAGIT® (available from Evonik Industries, Essen, Germany) or a mixture thereof.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises at least one surfactant or emulsifying agent compatible with any pharmacologically active agents or pharmaceutically acceptable components present.
  • the surfactants include non-ionic, cationic and anionic surfactants.
  • the surfactants include non-ionic surfactants such as sorbitan fatty acid esters (SPANS®) and the corresponding polyoxyethylene (POE) adducts (TWEENS®).
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of laquinimod includes lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, copper, zinc, aluminum and iron. Salt formulations of laquinimod and the process for preparing the same are described in, e.g., U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0192315 and PCT International Application Publication No. WO 2005/074899, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference into this application.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of laquinimod is laquinimod sodium.
  • the method comprises topically administering to the affected eye of the subject a 5.0% (50 mg/ml) solution of laquinimod sodium once per day for a period of 14 days. In another embodiment, the method comprises topically administering to the affected eye of the subject a 5.0% (50 mg/ml) solution of laquinimod sodium once per day for a period of 10 days.
  • the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 1.0-1.5 mg/day. In another embodiment, the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 1.2 mg/day. In another embodiment, the therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is at least 0.2 mg/day.
  • the subject is human.
  • This application also provides for a pharmaceutical composition comprising laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in treating a subject suffering from an ocular inflammatory disease.
  • This application also provides for a pharmaceutical composition comprising laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in treating a subject suffering from uveitis, bacterial conjunctivitis, viral conjunctivitis, or an inflammation of the orbital tissue, the lacrimal apparatus, the eyelid, the cornea, the retina or the optic pathway.
  • This application also provides for a pharmaceutical composition for use in treating a subject suffering from allergic conjunctivitis or uveitis comprising a unit dose of 10 ⁇ L of an aqueous pharmaceutical solution which contains in solution at least 0.2 mg laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is an ocular pharmaceutical composition.
  • This application also provides for a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in treating a subject suffering from uveitis, bacterial conjunctivitis, viral conjunctivitis, or an inflammation of the orbital tissue, the lacrimal apparatus, the eyelid, the cornea, the retina or the optic pathway.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is an ocular pharmaceutical composition.
  • This application provides for a method of reducing eosinophil density in the conjunctival tissue of a subject comprising periodically administering to the subject an amount of laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof effective to reduce the eosinophil density in the conjunctival tissue of the subject.
  • This application also provides for a method of reducing intraocular inflammation in a subject comprising periodically administering to the subject an amount of laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof effective to reduce intraocular inflammation in the subject.
  • This application also provides for a method of reducing retina tissue destruction in a subject comprising periodically administering to the subject an amount of laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof effective to reduce retina tissue destruction in the subject.
  • the amount of laquinimod or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is a therapeutically effective amount.
  • the administration is ocular administration.
  • This application also provides for a pharmaceutical composition comprising laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in reducing eosinophil density in the conjunctival tissue of a subject or for reducing intraocular inflammation or destruction of retina tissue in a subject.
  • the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is an ocular pharmaceutical composition.
  • This application also provides a method of treating a subject suffering from an autoimmune disease-associated ocular inflammation, the method comprising periodic ocular administration to the subject of a therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof effective to treat the subject.
  • This application also provides an ocular pharmaceutical composition comprising laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in treating an autoimmune disease-associated ocular inflammation.
  • OID optical inflammatory diseases
  • OID may include, but is not limited to, inflammation of the orbital tissues, the lacrimal apparatus, the eyelid, the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis), the cornea, the retina, a component of the optic pathway, e.g., the optic nerve, and a component of the uveal tract (uveitis), i.e., the iris, ciliary body and choroid.
  • OID include uveitis, acute conjunctivitis, viral conjunctivitis, nongonococcal bacterial conjunctivitis, adult gonococcal conjunctivitis, inclusion conjunctivitis, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, chronic conjunctivitis, granular conjunctivitis, perennial allergic conjunctivitis, episcleritis, scleritis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, and vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
  • OID Unlike the use of the term OID herein, the literature may use the term in a less definite manner to refer to ocular inflammation generally, and often including ocular inflammation secondary to an underlying systemic inflammatory disease different from inflammation which represents localized pathologic process without systemic involvement
  • conjunctivitis may result from primary involvement of the conjunctival tissue or may occur secondary to other systemic conditions that produce conjunctival inflammation
  • OID specifically excludes ocular inflammation which results from an underying, systemic, autoimmune disease.
  • autoimmune disease-associated ocular inflammation is the inflammation affecting one or more parts of the eye or surrounding eye tissue secondary to an autoimmune disease, and is specifically excluded from the definition of OID herein.
  • Autoimmune diseases contemplated by the present invention include either cell-mediated disease (e.g., T-cell) or antibody mediated (e.g., B-cell) disorders.
  • Such disorders can be inter alia arthritic conditions, demyelinating diseases and inflammatory diseases.
  • autoimmune diseases contemplated herein include multiple sclerosis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune oophoritis, autoimmune thyroiditis, autoimmune uveoretinitis, Crohn's disease, chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura, colitis, contact sensitivity disease, diabetes mellitus, Grave's disease, Guillain-Barre's syndrome, Hashimoto's disease, idiopathic myxedema, myasthenia gravis, psoriasis, pemphigus vulgaris, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
  • administering to the subject means the giving of, dispensing of, or application of medicines, drugs, or remedies to a subject to relieve, cure, or reduce the symptoms associated with a condition, e.g., a pathological condition.
  • the route of administration can be, e.g., topical. Routes of administration can also be classified by whether the effect is local (e.g., in topical administration) or systemic (e.g., in enteral or parenteral administration).
  • Local administration as used herein shall mean administration of a compound or composition directly to where its action is desired, and specifically excludes systemic administration.
  • Topical administration of a compound or composition as used herein shall mean application of the compound or composition to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes such as eyes.
  • Opt administration shall mean application of a compound or composition to the eye of a subject or to the skin around the eye (periocular skin) of a subject, i.e., local administration. Examples of ocular administration include topical administration directly to the eye, topical application to the eye lid or injection into a portion of the eye or eye socket.
  • an “ocular pharmaceutical composition” as used herein means a pharmaceutical composition formulated for ocular administration.
  • an “amount” or “dose” of laquinimod as measured in milligrams refers to the milligrams of laquinimod acid present in a preparation, regardless of the form of the preparation.
  • Unit dose is the amount of a compound or composition to be administered to the subject in a single administration.
  • the unit dose disclosed herein can be administered once daily, twice daily, three times daily, four times daily, five times daily, every other day, weekly, twice weekly, three times weekly, four times weekly, five times weekly or six times weekly.
  • treating encompasses, e.g., inducing inhibition, regression, or stasis of a disease, disorder or condition, or ameliorating or alleviating a symptom of a disease, disorder or condition.
  • “Ameliorating” or “alleviating” a condition or state as used herein shall mean to relieve or lessen the symptoms of that condition or state.
  • “Inhibition” of disease progression or disease complication in a subject as used herein means preventing or reducing the disease progression and/or disease complication in the subject.
  • “effective” as in an amount effective to achieve an end means the quantity of a component that is sufficient to yield an indicated therapeutic response without undue adverse side effects (such as toxicity, irritation, or allergic response) commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio when used in the manner of this disclosure.
  • an amount effective to reduce inflammation means the quantity of a component that is sufficient to yield an indicated therapeutic response without undue adverse side effects (such as toxicity, irritation, or allergic response) commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio when used in the manner of this disclosure.
  • an amount effective to reduce inflammation will vary with such factors as the particular condition being treated, the physical condition of the patient, the type of mammal being treated, the duration of the treatment, the nature of concurrent therapy (if any), and the specific formulations employed and the structure of the compounds or its derivatives.
  • a “salt” is salt of the instant compounds which have been modified by making acid or base salts of the compounds.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to the relatively non-toxic, inorganic and organic acid or base addition salts of compounds of the present invention.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of laquinimod as used in this application includes lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, copper, zinc, aluminum and iron. Salt formulations of laquinimod and the process for preparing the same are described, e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. 7,589,208 and PCT International Application Publication No. WO 2005/074899, which are hereby incorporated by reference into this application.
  • Laquinimod can be administered in admixture with suitable pharmaceutical diluents, extenders, excipients, or carriers (collectively referred to herein as a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier) suitably selected with respect to the intended form of administration and as consistent with conventional pharmaceutical practices.
  • the unit will be in a form suitable for topical administration.
  • Laquinimod can be administered alone but is generally mixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable carrier refers to a carrier or excipient that is suitable for use with humans and/or animals without undue adverse side effects (such as toxicity, irritation, and allergic response) commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio. It can be a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent, suspending agent or vehicle, for delivering the instant compounds to the subject.
  • Immunomodulatory agents have been suggested for treating certain ocular inflammatory diseases (Foster 2003; Mishra 2011; Shah 1992). However, not all immunomodulatory agents are appropriate for OID. For example, fingolimod (Gilenya® from Novartis AG), an immunomodulatory agent, is known to pose a risk of macular edema in patients with a history of uveitis. (Sergott, 2011) The effects of laquinimod on OID have not been previously reported.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is delivered to a subject via ocular administration.
  • not all amounts of laquinimod or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are “therapeutically effective amounts”.
  • a therapeutically effective amount or means for determining a therapeutically effective amount for ocular/local administration of laquinimod have not been previously reported.
  • a 1% (10 mg/ml) and a 5% (50 mg/ml) solution of laquinimod sodium were prepared in sterile water. Dissolution of laquinimod powder was achieved by shaking, stirring, or low-speed vortex. The solutions were stored for up to 2 weeks at 2-8° C. and up to 24 hours at room temperature. Laquinimod solutions were prepared under light protection and were protected from light for the duration of the experiment. Cyclosporine A was used as a reference material at a concentration of 25 mg/kg/j (Fluka). One 100 mg/4 ml in olive oil dose was prepared every 2 days and stored at room temperature.
  • Ocular inflammation was induced at Day 1 by injection of 100 ⁇ l of human S-antigen (100 ⁇ g) in Freud's complete adjuvant (4 mg/ml) into the footpad of each rat, and an intraperitoneal injection of 1 ⁇ g/100 ⁇ l pertussis toxin.
  • Disease onset was typically observed between Days 9 and 12 after immunization, and the disease state peaked around Days 16 to 18. The study was halted when at least 60% of the vehicle group showed signs of inflammation.
  • both eyeballs of all rats of each group were enucleated and prepared for histological examination. They were fixed in Bouin-Hollander solution, dehydrated, and embedded in paraffin wax. They were then cut into eight sections, approximate five to seven micrometers thick and stained with Trichome of Masson. The retinal thickness and cell infiltration were evaluated and scored using the scale shown in Table 2:
  • test material and reference material were measured with slit lamp evaluation and scored using the clinical scoring as shown in Table 3:
  • the 1% and 5% laquinimod solutions reduced the clinical signs of ocular inflammation.
  • the reduced EAU clinical scores correlated well with the decrease in the retinal damage and immune cell infiltration as assessed by histology.
  • mice Forty (40) male Balb/c albino mice were used for this experiment. The mice were about 7-8 weeks old upon ordering, and were held in observation for at least three (3) days to monitor for signs of ill health or ocular abnormalities. Only healthy animals were accepted for use in this study. The rats were housed under identical environmental conditions, with a relative humidity of 55% ⁇ 10%, continuous ventilation, and an automatic 12 hour light/dark cycle. Environmental conditions were continuously controlled and recorded. Animals had free access to food and water.
  • mice Forty (40) Balb/c albino mice were randomly allocated to five groups of eight animals each. Only the right eyes of each animal were used in this study. Animals were grouped as shown in Table 6:
  • mice in groups 2-5 were injected once intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml of a mixture comprising 5 ⁇ g/ml ovalbumin and 15 mg/ml alum in phosphate buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.3-7.4). Animals of group 1 received a mock sensitization comprising 0.2 ml intraperitoneal injection of PBS only on Days 1 and 8.
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • Allergic conjunctivitis was achieved by a single administration on Day 15 (30 minutes before the treatment regimen) and Day 18 (2 hours after 40 minute treatment) with 10 ⁇ l of 5 mg/ml ovalbumin in PBS, pH 7.3-7.4 to the right eyes of all rats in groups 2 through 5.
  • Group 1 was mock challenged with 10 ⁇ l PBS only.
  • rats were euthanized using an intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital.
  • Right eyelids and eyeballs were immediately fixed in Bouin-Hollander solution for 24 hours and embedded in paraffin wax.
  • Fixed samples were cut vertically into 5 to 7 micrometer thick sections with a microtome in two different regions—the bulbar conjunctiva and the formix and palpebral conjunctiva. Three sections per region were selected for analysis based on the quality of the sectioning. The selected sections were stained with May-Grunwald/acid Giemsa.
  • Topical ocular challenge with ovalbumin in sensitized mice induced a late phase reaction characterized by a significant eosinophil infiltration in to the conjunctival tissues.
  • topical administration of 1% prednisolone induced a significant decrease by 90% of the eosinophil density, with a Mann & Whitney-U test p value of 0.0008.
  • Multiple topical administrations of 1% laquinimod reduced eosinophil density by 48% in comparison with positive control; however, this could not be shown to be statistically significant.
  • Multiple topical administrations of 5% laquinimod showed a statistically significant 68% reduction in eosinophil density over the vehicle group, with a Mann & Whitney-U test p value of 0.0023.
  • the administration of the composition is once daily.
  • the administration can be repeated daily for a period of one, two, three or four days, up to 14 days, or longer as necessary.
  • a laquinimod composition as described herein is administered to the eye of a subject suffering from uveitis.
  • the administration of the composition is effective to treat the subject suffering from uveitis.
  • the administration of the composition is also effective to reduce intraocular inflammation in the subject.
  • the administration of the composition is also effective to reduce retina tissue destruction in the subject.
  • a laquinimod composition as described herein is administered to a subject suffering from bacterial conjunctivitis.
  • the administration of the composition is effective to treat the subject suffering from bacterial conjunctivitis.
  • the administration of the composition is also effective to reduce intraocular inflammation in the subject.
  • a laquinimod composition as described herein is administered to a subject suffering from viral conjunctivitis.
  • the administration of the composition is effective to treat the subject suffering from viral conjunctivitis.
  • the administration of the composition is also effective to reduce intraocular inflammation in the subject.
  • a laquinimod composition as described herein is administered to a subject suffering from an inflammation of the orbital tissue, the lacrimal apparatus, the eyelid, the cornea, the retina or the optic pathway in the eye.
  • the administration of the composition is effective to treat the subject suffering from the inflammation.
  • the administration of the composition is also effective to reduce intraocular inflammation in the subject.
  • a laquinimod composition as described herein is administered to a subject suffering from allergic conjunctivitis at 0.2 mg-0.5 mg laquinimod/day.
  • the administration of the composition is effective to treat the subject suffering from allergic conjunctivitis.
  • the administration of the composition is also effective to reduce intraocular inflammation in the subject.
  • the administration of the composition is also effective to inhibit late ocular anaphylaxis in the subject.
  • the administration of the composition is also effective reduce eosinophil infiltration into the conjunctiva of the subject.
  • a laquinimod composition as described herein is administered to a subject suffering from an OID.
  • the administration of the composition is effective to treat the subject suffering from the OID.
  • the administration of the composition is also effective to reduce intraocular inflammation in the subject.
  • Laquinimod eye drops (1% and 5%) and oral laquinimod (OD) daily (QD) were administered to albino rats.
  • the animals were dosed for 7 days once 30-40% of the animals have developed the disease.
  • Cyclosporine (PO, QD) was used as positive control.

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US15/816,402 US11654140B2 (en) 2012-06-05 2017-11-17 Treatment of ocular inflammatory diseases using laquinimod
US17/459,971 US20210386731A1 (en) 2012-06-05 2021-08-27 Treatment of ocular inflammatory diseases using laquinimod
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US9161935B2 (en) 2012-02-03 2015-10-20 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. Use of laquinimod for treating Crohn's disease patients who failed first-line anti-TNF therapy
US9161936B2 (en) 2012-08-13 2015-10-20 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. Laquinimod for treatment of GABA mediated disorders
US9662322B2 (en) 2014-04-29 2017-05-30 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. Laquinimod for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients with a high disability status
WO2021123142A1 (en) * 2019-12-19 2021-06-24 Active Biotech Ab Compounds for treatment of eye diseases associated with excessive vascularisation
CN114845718A (zh) * 2019-12-19 2022-08-02 活跃生物技术有限公司 用于治疗与过度血管形成相关的眼部疾病的化合物
US11478465B2 (en) * 2019-12-19 2022-10-25 Active Biotech Ab Compounds for treatment of eye diseases associated with excessive vascularisation
US20230066364A1 (en) * 2019-12-19 2023-03-02 Active Biotech Ab Compounds for Treatment of Eye Diseases Associated With Excessive Vascularisation
US12208091B2 (en) * 2019-12-19 2025-01-28 Active Biotech Ab Compounds for treatment of eye diseases associated with excessive vascularisation
US20240180819A1 (en) * 2021-04-01 2024-06-06 Active Biotech Ab Laquinimod formulation for ocular use

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US20210386731A1 (en) 2021-12-16
RU2014151992A (ru) 2016-07-27
IL235874A0 (en) 2015-01-29
EP2854767A4 (en) 2016-04-27
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US20250134881A1 (en) 2025-05-01
EP2854767A2 (en) 2015-04-08
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WO2013184650A2 (en) 2013-12-12
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