US20130269408A1 - Metal pipe, and method and device for processing the same - Google Patents

Metal pipe, and method and device for processing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130269408A1
US20130269408A1 US13/381,497 US201013381497A US2013269408A1 US 20130269408 A1 US20130269408 A1 US 20130269408A1 US 201013381497 A US201013381497 A US 201013381497A US 2013269408 A1 US2013269408 A1 US 2013269408A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
metal pipe
die
stress concentration
forming
thick portion
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Abandoned
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US13/381,497
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English (en)
Inventor
Naoyuki Kobayashi
Nobuo Torioka
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Hirotec Corp
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Hirotec Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hirotec Corp filed Critical Hirotec Corp
Assigned to HIROTEC CORPORATION reassignment HIROTEC CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KOBAYASHI, NAOYUKI, TORIOKA, Nobuo
Publication of US20130269408A1 publication Critical patent/US20130269408A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D9/00—Bending tubes using mandrels or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
    • B21K21/12—Shaping end portions of hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/08—Upsetting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to metal pipes, part of which is made thicker than the other part, and a method and a device for processing the metal pipes.
  • metal pipes have been used in part of exhaust systems of internal combustion engines mounted in automobiles.
  • the metal pipe repeatedly receives heat of exhaust gas, and stress is concentrated on a junction between the metal pipe and the other component due to vibrations of the internal combustion engine and a vehicle body.
  • the metal pipe particularly the junction, is likely to break.
  • the metal pipe may be thickened, or may be made of a material having higher strength.
  • part of the pipe on which the stress is not concentrated i.e., part of the pipe which is less likely to break
  • Patent Document 1 As disclosed by Patent Document 1, for example, reduction of the weight of the metal pipe has been attempted while preventing the break by making part of the metal pipe on which the stress tends to concentrate thicker than the other part.
  • a metal pipe of a uniform thickness is heated to a high temperature of about 1200° C. to reduce deformation resistance, and then the metal pipe is pressed in an axial direction thereof using a die and a mandrel to form a thick portion in the metal pipe.
  • the metal pipe needs to be heated to high temperature.
  • the heating takes time, and reduces production efficiency. Further, the processing consumes much energy.
  • the present invention is concerned with providing a metal pipe having a thick portion with high production efficiency, high precision, and reduced energy consumption.
  • a first aspect of the invention is directed to a method for processing the metal pipe by providing a stress concentration portion in an axial center of the metal pipe, applying an axial pressure to the metal pipe to concentrate stress on the stress concentration portion to deform the stress concentration portion, and forming a thick portion from the deformed portion as a starting point.
  • the first aspect of the invention provides a method for processing a metal pipe to make part of the metal pipe in an axial direction thereof into a thick portion thicker than a different portion, the method includes: forming a stress concentration portion in an axial center of the metal pipe to concentrate a stress on the stress concentration portion when an axial pressure is applied to the metal pipe; setting the metal pipe in an outer die for holding an outer peripheral surface of the metal pipe; and forming the thick portion by inserting an inner die in the metal pipe to provide space for forming the thick portion between the inner die and the outer die, and applying the axial pressure to the metal pipe to concentrate the stress on the stress concentration portion to deform the stress concentration portion after the forming of the stress concentration portion and the setting of the metal pipe, thereby forming the thick portion from the deformed stress concentration portion as a starting point.
  • the stress is concentrated on the stress concentration portion of the metal pipe when the pressure is applied to the metal pipe.
  • deformation of the metal pipe starts without reducing the deformation pressure by heating the pipe.
  • the deformation of the metal pipe occurs in the space between the outer die and the inner die from the first deformed portion as the starting point.
  • the thick portion is formed in the metal pipe between the outer die and the inner die.
  • a shoulder is formed in the metal pipe in the forming of the stress concentration portion to use the shoulder as the stress concentration portion.
  • the shoulder is formed by expanding the metal pipe in the forming of the stress concentration portion.
  • This configuration allows easy provision of the shoulder by the expansion.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention is directed to a device for processing a metal pipe, wherein a stress concentration portion is formed in an axial center of the metal pipe using a stress concentration portion formation device, and an inner die is pressed in the axial direction of the metal pipe by a drive to apply an axial pressure to an end of the metal pipe.
  • the fourth aspect of the invention provides the device for processing the metal pipe to make part of the metal pipe in an axial direction thereof into a thick portion thicker than a different portion, the device including: a stress concentration portion formation device for forming a stress concentration portion in an axial center of the metal pipe to concentrate a stress on the stress concentration portion when an axial pressure is applied to the metal pipe; an outer die for holding an outer peripheral surface of the metal pipe; an inner die which is inserted in the metal pipe to provide space for forming the thick portion between the outer die and the inner die, and comes into contact with an end of the metal pipe; and a drive which presses the inner die in the axial direction of the metal pipe to apply an axial pressure to the end of the metal pipe.
  • the metal pipe provided with the stress concentration portion can be held by the outer die, the inner die can be inserted in the metal pipe, and the axial pressure can be applied to the end of the metal pipe by the drive.
  • the stress is concentrated on the stress concentration portion of the metal pipe to deform the stress concentration portion, and the thick portion is formed between the outer die and the inner die from the deformed stress concentration portion as a starting point.
  • the inner die includes a first die which is inserted in part of the metal pipe except for part of the metal pipe for forming the thick portion, and a second die which is separated from the first die, and is inserted in the part of the metal pipe for forming the thick portion, and the second die is driven by the drive.
  • the pressure is applied to the metal pipe with the first die being inserted in the part of the metal pipe except for the part of the metal pipe for forming the thick portion, and the second die separated from the first die being inserted in the part of the metal pipe for forming the thick portion.
  • the first die inserted in the part of the metal pipe except for the part of the metal pipe for forming the thick portion can be kept stationary, and the first die does not axially rub an inner peripheral surface of the part of the metal pipe except for the part for forming the thick portion. This can prevent the inner peripheral surface of the metal pipe from damage or deformation due to the rubbing of the inner die in the axial direction.
  • a sixth aspect of the invention is directed to a metal pipe which is processed by the method according to any one of the first to third aspects of the invention.
  • the stress concentration portion is formed in the axial center of the metal pipe, and the metal pipe is set to the outer die. Then, the inner die is inserted in the metal pipe, and the axial pressure is applied to the metal pipe to concentrate the stress on the stress concentration portion and deform the stress concentration portion. The thick portion is formed from the deformed stress concentration portion as the starting point.
  • the metal pipe which is lightweight, and has a required strength in a required portion can be obtained with high precision at low cost.
  • the shoulder is formed in the metal pipe, and the shoulder is used as the stress concentration portion.
  • stress concentration can reliably be caused when the pressure is applied, and the thick portion can be formed as desired.
  • the shoulder is formed by expanding the metal pipe.
  • the shoulder can easily be obtained, and the metal pipe can be obtained at lower cost.
  • the metal pipe can be provided with the thick portion without heating the metal pipe to high temperature to reduce the deformation resistance. This can increase production efficiency and dimensional accuracy, and can reduce energy consumption.
  • the metal pipe which is lightweight, and has a required strength in a required portion can be obtained with high precision at low cost.
  • the first die is inserted in the part of the metal pipe except for the part of the metal pipe for forming the thick portion
  • the second die is inserted in the part of the metal pipe for forming the thick portion
  • the second die is driven by the drive. This can prevent the inner peripheral surface of the metal pipe from damage or deformation in thickening the metal pipe.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a metal pipe according to a present embodiment fixed to a flange component.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an enlargement of an upstream part of the metal pipe.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a processing device.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a metal pipe before processing.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the metal pipe after expansion.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an outer die.
  • FIG. 7 is a side view of a first die.
  • FIG. 8 is a side view of a second die.
  • FIG. 9 is a view corresponding to FIG. 3 illustrating the expanded metal pipe set in a die.
  • FIG. 10 is a view corresponding to FIG. 3 illustrating the metal pipe provided with a thick portion.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the metal pipe after processing.
  • FIG. 12 is a side view of an inner die according to an alternative.
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a metal pipe provided with a stress concentration portion according to an alternative.
  • FIG. 1 shows a metal pipe 1 of an embodiment of the present invention fixed to a flange component 2 .
  • the metal pipe 1 constitutes a pipe of an exhaust manifold, which is part of an exhaust system of an internal combustion system mounted in an automobile (not shown).
  • an upstream part of the metal pipe 1 in a direction of an exhaust stream will be simply referred to as an “upstream part”, and a downstream part of the metal pipe 1 in the direction of the exhaust stream will be simply referred to as a “downstream part” for the sake of easy description.
  • the upstream part of the metal pipe 1 is inserted in a through hole 2 a formed in the flange component 2 .
  • An outer peripheral surface of the upstream part of the metal pipe 1 is entirely welded to a rim of the through hole 2 a of the flange component 2 .
  • a reference character C shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 designates weld bead.
  • the flange component 2 forms a flange on the metal pipe 1 , and is able to be connected to the other component.
  • the metal pipe 1 is made of a steel pipe. As shown in FIG. 4 , the metal pipe 1 before processing has a uniform thickness from an end to the other end thereof.
  • the thickness of the metal pipe of the present embodiment is 1.2 mm.
  • a predetermined portion of the upstream part of the metal pipe 1 is formed as a thick portion 10 which is thicker than the other portion.
  • the thick portion 10 is obtained by a processing method described later.
  • the thick portion 10 is 2.0 mm in thickness.
  • An outer diameter of part of the metal pipe 1 corresponding to the thick portion 10 is larger than an outer diameter of the other part.
  • the thick portion 10 is thickened to bulge outward from the metal pipe 1 .
  • part of the outer peripheral surface of the metal pipe 1 at a start end of the thick portion 10 (a downstream end of the thick portion 10 ) is tapered to increase the outer diameter toward the upstream side to form a diameter-increasing portion 10 a .
  • the thickness of the metal pipe 1 gradually increases.
  • a surface 10 b which is part of the outer peripheral surface of the metal pipe 1 upstream of the diameter-increasing portion 10 a , extends substantially parallel to an axis of the pipe.
  • An axial dimension of the diameter-increasing portion 10 a is sufficiently smaller than an axial dimension of the surface 10 b.
  • a surface 1 a which is part of the outer peripheral surface of the metal pipe 1 except for the thick portion 10 , extends substantially parallel to the axis of the pipe.
  • a curved surface 1 b is formed between the surface 1 a and the diameter-increasing portion 10 a , and the surface 1 a and the diameter-increasing portion 10 a are continuously connected through the curved surface 1 b .
  • a radius of curvature of the curved surface 1 b is 5 mm to 15 mm, both inclusive. The provision of the curved surface 1 b reduces the occurrence of stress concentration.
  • An angle ⁇ formed by an extension line of the surface 1 a of the metal pipe 1 (a dotted line shown in FIG. 2 ) and the diameter-increasing portion 10 a is set to 5° to 25°, both inclusive.
  • the angle ⁇ is smaller than 5°, part of the metal pipe where the thickness gradually increases (a gradually thickening part) becomes longer, thereby reducing the ease of layout of the metal pipe 1 .
  • the angle ⁇ exceeds 25°, a stress is concentrated too much on part A, and the stress generated at part A exceeds a stress generated at part B.
  • the angle is preferably set in this range.
  • a large diameter portion lc having a larger diameter than a downstream portion is formed in an inner peripheral surface of an upstream end of the metal pipe 1 .
  • Part of the inner peripheral surface downward of the large diameter portion 1 c is tapered to form a diameter-reducing portion 1 d which has an inner diameter reduced toward the downstream side, and is continuous with the large diameter portion 1 c .
  • the thickness of the upstream end of the metal pipe 1 is gradually reduced toward the large diameter portion 1 c . Since the diameter-reducing portion 1 d is formed to gradually change the thickness, stress concentration is less likely to occur.
  • An axial dimension of the large diameter portion 1 c and an axial dimension of the diameter-reducing portion 1 d are significantly smaller than an axial dimension of the thick portion 10 .
  • a method for processing the metal pipe 1 to provide the thick portion 10 will be described below.
  • the metal pipe 1 has a round cross-section before processing.
  • the unprocessed metal pipe 1 has a thickness of 1.2 mm, and an outer diameter of about 40 mm.
  • the unprocessed metal pipe 1 has a length of about 120 mm.
  • the thickness, the outer diameter, and the length of the unprocessed metal pipe 1 described above are merely examples, and are not limited to the above examples.
  • the metal pipe 1 is expanded. Specifically, part of the metal pipe 1 for forming the thick portion 10 is expanded. Thus, the expansion starts from the part for forming the diameter-increasing portion 10 a (shown in FIG. 2 ), and is finished at the upstream end of the metal pipe 1 .
  • the expansion is performed using a known expansion device 15 .
  • a shoulder 100 is formed in an axial center of the metal pipe 1 .
  • the shoulder 100 is a stress concentration portion of the present invention.
  • the stress concentration portion is formed, and the expansion device 15 is a stress concentration portion formation device.
  • the expanded metal pipe 1 is set in an outer die 20 as shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the outer die 20 can be divided into a first member 21 and a second member 22 .
  • the first member 21 is provided with a recessed surface 21 a which extends along half of the outer peripheral surface of the metal pipe 1 in a circumferential direction.
  • the second member 22 is provided with a recessed surface 22 a which extends along the other half of the outer peripheral surface of the metal pipe 1 in the circumferential direction.
  • the first and second members 21 and 22 are fastened and integrated by a fastening member which is not shown with the recessed surfaces 21 a and 22 a facing to each other. In this state, the recessed surfaces 21 a and 22 a form a through hole 20 a extending in the vertical direction.
  • An inner diameter of an upper half of the through hole 20 a is the same as an outer diameter of the expanded portion of the metal pipe 1
  • an inner diameter of a lower half of the through hole 20 a is the same as an outer diameter of part of the metal pipe 1 except for the expanded portion.
  • a lower end of the outer die 20 is fixed to a base plate 23 .
  • a through hole 23 a communicating with a lower end of the through hole 20 a of the outer die 20 is formed in the base plate 23 to penetrate the base plate 23 in the vertical direction.
  • An inner diameter of the through hole 23 a of the base plate 23 is smaller than an inner diameter of the lower half of the through hole 20 of the outer die 20 .
  • a downstream end of the metal pipe 1 is brought down from above to be contact with a rim of the through hole 23 a of the base plate 23 .
  • the metal pipe 1 is supported by the base plate 23 in this state.
  • the base plate 23 is provided with a recess 23 b in which a lower end of the outer die 20 is fitted.
  • An inner die 25 is inserted in the metal pipe 1 after the expansion and the setting of the pipe.
  • Either of the expansion and the setting of the pipe may be performed first. Specifically, the expansion may be performed after the setting of the pipe.
  • the inner die 25 includes a first die 27 which is inserted in part of the metal pipe 1 except for part of the metal pipe 1 for forming the thick portion 10 , a second die 28 which is separated from the first die 27 , and is inserted in the part of the metal pipe 1 for forming the thick portion 10 , and a spring 29 provided between the first and second dies 27 and 28 .
  • the first die 27 is in the shape of a vertically extending column. As shown in FIG. 7 , an outer diameter of the first die 27 is substantially the same from an upper end to a lower end thereof, and is substantially the same as an inner diameter of an unexpanded part of the metal pipe 1 . Thus, as shown in FIG. 3 , the lower end of the first die 27 is inserted in the through hole 23 a of the base plate 23 . The first die 27 is longer than the unexpanded part of the metal pipe 1 .
  • a tapered portion 27 a is formed at the lower end of the first die 27 .
  • the first die 27 is provided with a center hole 27 b extending along an axis thereof.
  • the center hole 27 b is formed to penetrate the first die 27 in the vertical direction.
  • a receiver portion 27 c protruding inward of the center hole 27 b is formed in part of an inner peripheral surface of the center hole 27 b near a vertical center thereof to receive a lower end of the spring 29 .
  • the second die 28 is also in the shape of a column. As shown in FIG. 8 , a first small diameter portion 28 a is formed in a lower end of the second die 28 . An outer diameter of the first small diameter portion 28 a is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the first die 27 . A tapered portion 28 b which has a diameter reducing downward, and is continuous from the first small diameter portion 28 a is formed upward of the first small diameter portion 28 a of the second die 28 . A second small diameter portion 28 c is formed upward of the tapered portion 28 b of the second die 28 . The second small diameter portion 28 c has a larger diameter than the first small diameter portion 28 a.
  • An outer diameter of a body 28 d of the second die 28 upward of the second small diameter portion 28 c is substantially the same as an inner diameter of an upper part of the through hole 20 a of the outer die 20 .
  • a step 28 e is formed between the body 28 d and the second small diameter portion 28 c . The upstream end of the metal pipe 1 is fitted in the step 28 e.
  • the second die 28 is provided with a threaded hole 28 f extending along an axis thereof.
  • the threaded hole 28 f is opened in an upper end surface of the second die 28 .
  • a spring insertion hole 28 g is formed in a lower part of the second die 28 in which the spring 29 is inserted. An upper end of the spring 29 abuts a bottom of the spring insertion hole 28 g.
  • a plate 30 is fixed to an upper end of the second die 28 with a bolt 31 .
  • a bolt insertion hole 30 a in which the bolt 31 is inserted is formed in a center of the plate 30 .
  • the bolt 31 inserted in the bolt insertion hole 30 a is screw-fitted to the threaded hole 28 f of the second die 28 .
  • a drive 33 is coupled to the plate 30 .
  • the drive 33 is provided to move the second die 28 in the vertical direction.
  • the first die 27 is inserted in the metal pipe 1 , and then the second die 28 is inserted.
  • the spring 29 is pressed downward, thereby pressing the first die 27 downward.
  • the lower end of the first die 27 is inserted in the through hole 23 a of the base plate 23 .
  • space S for forming the thick portion 10 is provided between the inner die 25 and the outer die 20 as shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the metal pipe 1 can be deformed without reducing the deformation pressure by heating the pipe. Specifically, there is no need to heat the pipe to a temperature of about 300° C. or higher for easy processing, i.e., so-called cold processing can be performed.
  • FIG. 11 shows the processed metal pipe 1 .
  • a thickness of part of the metal pipe 1 except for the expanded part is not greatly changed for the following reasons. Specifically, a small clearance is provided between the outer die 20 and the outer peripheral surface of the metal pipe 1 , and between the inner die 25 and the inner peripheral surface of the metal pipe 1 in view of moldability.
  • the pressure is used to form the shoulder 100 .
  • a stress caused in part of the metal pipe 1 downward of the shoulder 100 is reduced, and change in thickness of the part of the metal pipe 1 except for the expanded part is reduced.
  • the drive 33 moves the second die 28 only, and the first die 27 is kept stationary.
  • the first die 27 does not axially rub part of the inner peripheral surface except for part thereof for forming the thick portion 10 . This can prevent the part of the metal pipe 1 except for the part for forming the thick portion 10 from damage or deformation.
  • the expansion device 15 , the outer die 20 , the inner die 25 , the base plate 23 , the plate 30 , and the drive 33 constitute a processing device of the present invention.
  • the upstream end of the metal pipe 1 processed as described above is inserted in the through hole 2 a of the flange component 2 , and is welded to the rim of the through hole 2 a of the flange component 2 .
  • the metal pipe 1 including the shoulder 100 formed in the axial center of the metal pipe 1 is set in the outer die 20 , and an axial pressure is then applied to the metal pipe 1 with the inner die 25 inserted in the metal pipe 1 to concentrate the stress on the shoulder 100 to deform the shoulder 100 . Then, the thick portion 10 is formed from the deformed portion as a starting point.
  • the metal pipe 1 which is lightweight, and has a required strength in a required portion can be obtained with high precision at low cost.
  • the shoulder 100 is formed in the metal pipe 1 , and the shoulder 100 is used as the stress concentration portion.
  • the stress concentration can reliably be caused when the pressure is applied, and the thick portion 10 can be formed as desired.
  • the shoulder 100 is formed by expanding the metal pipe 1 , the shoulder 100 can easily be obtained, and the metal pipe 1 can be obtained at lower cost.
  • the inner die 25 is configured to be dividable into the first die 27 and the second die 28 .
  • the inner die 25 is not limited thereto, and the first die 27 and the second die 28 may be integrated as those of an alternative shown in FIG. 12 .
  • the inner die 25 of the alternative is also provided with a step 25 a in which the upstream end of the metal pipe 1 is fitted.
  • the integrated inner die 25 of this alternative can reduce the parts count, and can reduce the cost.
  • the metal pipe 1 can be molded with higher precision because misalignment between the first die 27 and the second die 28 does not occur.
  • the shoulder 100 is formed in the metal pipe 1 , and the shoulder 100 is used as the stress concentration portion.
  • the stress concentration portion is not limited to the shoulder.
  • a protrusion 101 may be formed as the stress concentration portion.
  • the protrusion 101 may be replaced with a recess.
  • a thin portion may be formed as the stress concentration portion.
  • the thick portion 10 is formed to bulge outward from the outer peripheral surface of the metal pipe 1 .
  • the thick portion 10 is not limited thereto, and may be formed to bulge inward from the inner peripheral surface of the metal pipe 1 .
  • Materials of the metal pipe 1 are not limited as long as they can be used for deformation processing, and various types of materials can be used.
  • the metal pipe 1 can be used not only as a part of exhaust systems of automobiles, but can also be used as, e.g., air pipes, liquid pipes, etc.
  • the diameter of the metal pipe 1 is not particularly limited.
  • the diameter may be about several tens cm.
  • the present invention can be applied to, for example, metal pipes constituting an exhaust system of an automobile.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
US13/381,497 2010-12-20 2010-12-20 Metal pipe, and method and device for processing the same Abandoned US20130269408A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2010/007385 WO2012085961A1 (ja) 2010-12-20 2010-12-20 金属製パイプ、金属製パイプの加工方法及び加工装置

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US (1) US20130269408A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2546005A4 (de)
JP (1) JP5734950B2 (de)
CN (1) CN102712031B (de)
WO (1) WO2012085961A1 (de)

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CN103586382B (zh) * 2013-11-12 2015-06-03 重庆大学 一种半轴套管坯一次双件局部电镦制备装置及方法
DE102016103824A1 (de) * 2016-03-03 2017-09-07 Schmittergroup Ag Stoßdämpferrohr und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
RU2652931C1 (ru) * 2017-04-20 2018-05-03 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Управляющая компания "Алтайский завод прецизионных изделий" Штамп для высадки концов трубок высокого давления
JP6844791B2 (ja) * 2018-11-21 2021-03-17 株式会社ニチリン 二重管式熱交換器の製造方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Machine Translation of the Detailed Description of JP 06-117242 obtained from The Industrial Property Digital Library *

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EP2546005A4 (de) 2014-01-01
CN102712031A (zh) 2012-10-03
EP2546005A1 (de) 2013-01-16
JPWO2012085961A1 (ja) 2014-05-22
WO2012085961A1 (ja) 2012-06-28
CN102712031B (zh) 2016-03-30
JP5734950B2 (ja) 2015-06-17

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