US20130149106A1 - Steam turbine, blade, and method - Google Patents

Steam turbine, blade, and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130149106A1
US20130149106A1 US13/712,258 US201213712258A US2013149106A1 US 20130149106 A1 US20130149106 A1 US 20130149106A1 US 201213712258 A US201213712258 A US 201213712258A US 2013149106 A1 US2013149106 A1 US 2013149106A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
blade
passageway
steam turbine
stator blade
stator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/712,258
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English (en)
Inventor
Enrico Giusti
Marco Grilli
Enzo Imparato
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nuovo Pignone SpA
Original Assignee
Nuovo Pignone SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nuovo Pignone SpA filed Critical Nuovo Pignone SpA
Assigned to NUOVO PIGNONE S.P.A reassignment NUOVO PIGNONE S.P.A ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GIUSTI, ENRICO, IMPARATO, ENZO, GRILLI, MARCO
Publication of US20130149106A1 publication Critical patent/US20130149106A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/32—Collecting of condensation water; Drainage ; Removing solid particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
    • F01D9/041—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector using blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
    • F01D9/042—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector fixing blades to stators
    • F01D9/044—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector fixing blades to stators permanently, e.g. by welding, brazing, casting or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05D2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
    • F05D2230/232—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together by welding
    • F05D2230/237—Brazing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
    • Y10T29/4932—Turbomachine making
    • Y10T29/49323—Assembling fluid flow directing devices, e.g., stators, diaphragms, nozzles

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to steam turbines and, more specifically, to a stator blade ring for a steam turbine and a method of making a stator blade ring.
  • a steam turbine is a turbo machine which converts thermal and pressure energy of steam into rotary motion which may be used to perform work. Steam turbines may be used, for example, to drive electrical generators or compressors.
  • Each stage typically includes a stator blade diaphragm and a bearing mounted rotor assembly including at least one impeller.
  • stator blade diaphragms In modern steam turbines, the manufacture of stator blade diaphragms represents a significant cost, particularly in multi stage steam turbines having three or more stages each of which may include one or more separate stator blade diaphragms.
  • stator blade diaphragm If a stator blade diaphragm is damaged, the steam turbine may need to be shut down and the damaged stator diaphragm removed for servicing. If on site repair is not possible, the entire diaphragm may need to be sent for repair or, alternatively, an entire new stator diaphragm must be installed. Worse yet, if a replacement is available, a new stator blade diaphragm must be fabricated. Thus, in addition to the cost of the stator diaphragm, costs associated with the extended downtime of the steam turbine are also incurred.
  • a stator blade ring for a steam turbine.
  • the stator blade ring comprises a plurality of stator blade modules defining an annular chamber.
  • Each of the plurality of stator blade modules comprises an elongated blade portion comprising a first blade shell portion, a second blade shell portion brazed to the first blade shell portion, a longitudinal passageway, and at least one opening extending through at least one of the first blade shell portion and the second blade shell portion to the longitudinal passageway.
  • Each of the plurality of stator blade modules further comprises an inner portion brazed to a first longitudinal end of the elongated blade portion, wherein the inner portion comprises a through hole forming a portion of the annular chamber, and an inner passageway extending from the through hole to the longitudinal passageway, and an outer portion brazed to a second longitudinal end of the elongated blade portion and engaged to the steam turbine, wherein the outer portion comprises an outer passageway open to a surface of the steam turbine and the longitudinal passageway.
  • a multi-stage steam turbine comprising a rotor assembly comprising at least one impeller, a bearing connected to the rotor assembly, wherein the bearing is configured to rotatably support the rotor assembly, and a stator blade ring for the last stage of the steam turbine, wherein the stator blade ring comprises a plurality of stator blade modules defining an annular chamber.
  • Each of the plurality of stator blade modules comprises at least one elongated blade portion comprising a first blade shell portion and a second blade shell portion brazed to the first blade shell portion, an inner portion brazed to a first longitudinal end of the at least one elongated blade portion, wherein the inner portion comprises a through hole forming a portion of the annular chamber, and an outer portion brazed to a second longitudinal end of the at least one elongated blade portion and engaged to a surface of the steam turbine.
  • the at least one elongated blade portion of at least one of the plurality of stator blade modules further comprises a first longitudinal passageway and an opening for steam condensate to enter the first longitudinal passageway.
  • the inner portion of the at least one of the plurality of stator blade modules comprises a first inner passageway extending from the through hole to the first longitudinal passageway for the steam condensate to flow between the annular chamber and the first longitudinal passageway.
  • the at least one elongated blade portion of another of the plurality of stator blade modules comprises a second longitudinal passageway, the inner portion of the another of the plurality of stator blade modules comprising a second inner passageway extending from the through hole to the second longitudinal passageway for allowing the steam condensate to flow between the annular chamber and the second longitudinal passageway.
  • the outer portion of the another of the plurality of stator blade modules comprises an outer passageway extending from the second longitudinal passageway and opening to the surface of the steam turbine for allowing the steam condensate to flow out of the stator blade ring.
  • a method of making a blade module for a stator blade ring in the last stage of a steam turbine wherein the blade module comprises an elongated blade portion, an inner portion, and an outer portion.
  • the method comprises brazing a first edge and a second edge of a first blade shell portion to a first edge and a second edge of a second blade shell portion to form a longitudinal passageway in the elongated blade portion, forming a through hole in the inner portion, forming an inner passageway in the inner portion extending from a surface of the inner portion to the through hole, brazing a first longitudinal end of the elongated blade portion to the surface of the inner portion such that the longitudinal passageway is open to the inner passageway, forming an outer passageway in the outer portion extending from a first surface of the outer portion to a second surface of the outer portion, and brazing a second longitudinal end of the elongated blade portion to the first surface of the outer portion such that the longitudinal passageway is open to the outer passageway
  • FIG. 1 depicts a steam turbine according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 3 shows a side view of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2 ;
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 show an inner portion of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2 ;
  • FIGS. 8 to 10 show an outer portion of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a method of making a blade module for a stator blade ring according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a turbo machine in the form of a multistage steam turbine 400 .
  • the steam turbine 400 includes a housing (stator) 420 within which a number of stator blade diaphragms 430 are disposed along with a rotor shaft 450 provided with a plurality of impeller rotors 440 .
  • the shaft 450 is supported radially and axially through bearings 480 .
  • the steam turbine takes a steam input from an inlet 460 through various stages of expansion, to an outlet 470 leading to a condenser.
  • steam is directed by a stator diaphragm 430 onto an impeller rotor 440 thereby converting the temperature and pressure energy of the steam into rotating energy available for work at the rotor shaft 450 .
  • FIG. 2 shows a portion of a stator blade ring 12 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • Stator blade ring 12 includes a plurality of individual stator blade modules 14 extending around rotor 28 ( FIG. 3 ) in steam turbine 10 .
  • FIG. 2 shows two such blade modules 14 a and 14 b.
  • Each stator blade module 14 a , 14 b includes an elongated blade portion 16 , as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of an elongated blade portion 16 having a longitudinal reinforcing rib 24 and longitudinal passageways 26 .
  • a blade portion 116 may also be provided without reinforcing rib 24 and may thus have a single longitudinal passageway 26 .
  • each blade portion 16 is made by brazing a first blade shell portion 18 to a second blade shell portion 22 along the upstream edge 32 and the downstream edge 34 thereof.
  • each blade portion 16 includes a plurality of openings 36 in at least one of blade shell portion 22 and blade shell portion 24 .
  • each opening 36 is a slot formed by electric discharge machining.
  • openings 36 may be formed by other machining processes such as drilling or milling, or, openings 36 may be formed during the initial manufacture of blade shell portion 22 and blade shell portion 24 , for example, by a mold insert.
  • Each blade module 14 includes an inner portion 38 connected to a first longitudinal end of at least one blade portion 16 , as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • inner portion 38 is brazed to blade portion 16 , as will be discussed further below.
  • Each inner portion 38 includes a through hole 42 extending transversely to the longitudinal axis 46 ( FIG. 3 ) of blade portion 16 .
  • Through hole 42 forms a part of an annular chamber 20 in stator blade ring 12 when each of the blade modules are installed into the steam turbine 10 .
  • at least one end of each through hole 42 may be provided with a groove 48 configured to receive a sealing gasket.
  • groove 48 is configured to receive an O-ring.
  • Each inner portion 38 also includes at least one inner passageway 44 , as shown in FIG. 3 , extending from through hole 42 to each longitudinal passageway 26 .
  • a single inner passageway 44 may be open to both longitudinal passageways 26 .
  • Each stator blade module 14 also includes an outer portion 52 connected to a second longitudinal end of at least one blade portion 16 , as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 .
  • Each outer portion 52 includes at least one outer passageway 54 which is open to each longitudinal passageway 26 and to an interior surface of steam turbine 10 , as shown in FIGS. 2 , 9 and 10 .
  • each outer portion may include a groove 74 on at least one side thereof. Groove 74 may be configured to receive a gasket for sealing adjacent outer portions 52 to each other and/or for providing a dampening effect to stator blade ring 12 .
  • Stator blade ring 12 may be used in one of the latter stages of the steam turbine 10 , as shown in FIG.
  • condensate from the wet steam impinging against each blade portion 14 may enter the longitudinal passageway 26 of a blade portion 16 through one of the openings 36 .
  • Multiple paths are available for the condensate to travel within the blade modules 14 before exiting outside stator blade ring 12 at a location where the condensate may be less likely to cause damage to the components of steam turbine 10 .
  • the condensate may travel downwardly through each longitudinal passageway 26 and inner passageway 44 into through hole 42 .
  • the open through holes 42 in adjacent blade modules 14 that form the annular chamber 20 extending around stator blade ring 12 allow the condensate to continue flowing downwardly with gravity.
  • the condensate may exit the annular chamber 20 and continue on a downward path through an inner passageway 44 of a blade module 14 below the rotor shaft of steam turbine 10 . Finally, the condensate may flow through an outer passageway 54 to a surface of steam turbine outside of blade ring 12 .
  • condensate may enter a longitudinal passageway 26 of a blade portion 16 below the rotor shaft of steam turbine 10 and flow out through outer passageway 54 without first travelling through the annular chamber 20 formed by through holes 42 .
  • stator blade ring 12 allows for the collection of condensate which may include residual heat for use in other processes.
  • Some blade modules may be provided without an outer passageway 54 , for example, to reduce manufacturing costs, since the downward flow of condensate may obviate the need for outer passageways 54 in blade modules 14 above the rotor shaft.
  • some blade modules 14 may be provided with blade portions 16 without slots, for example, to further reduce manufacturing costs.
  • each of the blade modules 14 may be identical to one another. This feature provides a number of benefits. For example, the manufacturing process is rendered more uniform. Also, servicing of steam turbine 10 is also more convenient in that, during repair or replacement of a single blade module 14 which is made possible by the exemplary embodiment, only a single part number is necessary since all blade modules 14 are identical within the stator blade ring 12 .
  • blade modules 14 provide a simple one piece design which is easier to install and/or replace than conventional stator blade diaphragm rings.
  • the outer portion 52 of each stator blade module 14 is engaged directly to steam turbine 10 .
  • each outer portion 52 includes an upstream groove 56 and a downstream groove 58 .
  • Steam turbine 10 includes an upstream ridge 62 engaging groove 56 and a downstream ridge 64 engaging groove 58 .
  • Groove 56 is offset closer to inner portion 38 than groove 58 .
  • each stator blade module may be better conform to the desired flow path of the steam through steam turbine 10 , and may also prevent a technician from inadvertently installing a blade module 14 in an improper orientation during construction or servicing of stator blade ring 12 .
  • outer passageway 54 opens to a surface of steam turbine 10 between ridge 62 and ridge 64 .
  • a chamber 76 is formed between the outer surface of blade ring 12 and the surface of steam turbine 10 . Chamber 76 may facilitate convenient collection of condensate which flows out of outer passageways 54 .
  • a groove 66 in each inner portion 38 forms a continuous circumferential groove facing a center of stator blade ring 12 , as shown in FIGS. 2 , 3 , and 5 - 7 . As shown in FIG. 3 , each groove 66 is engaged by a metal ring 68 which locks the stator blade modules 14 together.
  • each stator blade module 14 defines an inner brazing platform 72 surrounding the first longitudinal end of each blade portion 16 .
  • the outer portion 52 of each stator blade module defines an outer brazing platform 74 surrounding the second longitudinal end of each blade portion 16 .
  • Brazing platform 72 and brazing platform 74 provide a convenient surface for brazing the longitudinal ends of each blade portion 16 as well as defining a portion of a stage and/or steam flow path within steam turbine 10 . Note from FIGS. 2 and 3 that the brazing platform 74 of each outer portion 52 transitions evenly to the surrounding surfaces of steam turbine 10 .
  • blade shell portion 18 may be vacuum brazed to blade shell portion 22 .
  • the first and second longitudinal ends of the resulting blade portion 16 may then be vacuum brazed to the inner portion 38 and outer portion 52 of each stator blade module 14 .
  • the vacuum brazing equipment used to perform the vacuum brazing of diaphragm 14 can be standard vacuum brazing equipment as, for example, disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,874,918 and 4,401,254, the disclosures of which are incorporated here by reference.
  • a method 1000 of making a blade module for a stator blade ring comprising brazing 1002 first and second edges of a first blade shell portion to first and second edges of a second blade shell portion to form a longitudinal passageway in the elongated blade portion, forming 1004 a through hole in the inner portion, forming 1006 an inner passageway in the inner portion extending from a surface of the inner portion to the through hole, brazing 1008 a first longitudinal end of the blade portion to the surface of the inner portion such that the longitudinal passageway is open to the inner passageway, forming 1010 an outer passageway in the outer portion extending from a first surface to a second surface of the outer portion, and brazing 1012 a second longitudinal end of the blade portion to the first surface of the outer portion such that the longitudinal passageway is open to the outer passageway.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
US13/712,258 2011-12-12 2012-12-12 Steam turbine, blade, and method Abandoned US20130149106A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITCO2011A000060 2011-12-12
IT000060A ITCO20110060A1 (it) 2011-12-12 2011-12-12 Turbina a vapore, paletta e metodo

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US20130149106A1 true US20130149106A1 (en) 2013-06-13

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US13/712,258 Abandoned US20130149106A1 (en) 2011-12-12 2012-12-12 Steam turbine, blade, and method

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US (1) US20130149106A1 (ko)
EP (1) EP2604801B1 (ko)
JP (1) JP6163299B2 (ko)
KR (1) KR102016170B1 (ko)
CN (1) CN103161512A (ko)
CA (1) CA2797235C (ko)
IN (1) IN2012DE03364A (ko)
IT (1) ITCO20110060A1 (ko)
PL (1) PL2604801T3 (ko)
RU (1) RU2631852C2 (ko)

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RU2700313C2 (ru) * 2014-11-03 2019-09-16 Нуово Пиньоне СРЛ Сектор для сборки ступени турбины и соответствующий способ изготовления
US11333029B2 (en) * 2013-10-23 2022-05-17 Nuovo Pignone Srl Method for manufacturing a stage of a steam turbine
US11486255B2 (en) * 2017-09-05 2022-11-01 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Steam turbine blade, steam turbine, and method for manufacturing steam turbine blade

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CN105772244B (zh) * 2016-04-29 2018-08-10 泉州市宏恩新能源汽车科技有限公司 一种空气动力学喷嘴
CN106754169A (zh) * 2016-11-18 2017-05-31 贵州省仁怀市茅台镇君丰酒业有限公司 白酒的酿造工艺
JP7369301B2 (ja) 2020-08-13 2023-10-25 三菱重工業株式会社 静翼セグメント、及びこれを備える蒸気タービン
CN113007126A (zh) * 2021-02-26 2021-06-22 英飞同仁风机股份有限公司 一种多级离心鼓风机隔板及其制备方法及多级离心鼓风机

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JP6163299B2 (ja) 2017-07-12
RU2012153181A (ru) 2014-06-20
EP2604801B1 (en) 2018-03-14
CA2797235C (en) 2019-09-24
ITCO20110060A1 (it) 2013-06-13
KR20130066537A (ko) 2013-06-20
EP2604801A1 (en) 2013-06-19
RU2631852C2 (ru) 2017-09-26
CN103161512A (zh) 2013-06-19
PL2604801T3 (pl) 2018-06-29
IN2012DE03364A (ko) 2015-07-24
JP2013122246A (ja) 2013-06-20
CA2797235A1 (en) 2013-06-12

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