US20110182666A1 - Drainage Device - Google Patents

Drainage Device Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110182666A1
US20110182666A1 US12/377,455 US37745507A US2011182666A1 US 20110182666 A1 US20110182666 A1 US 20110182666A1 US 37745507 A US37745507 A US 37745507A US 2011182666 A1 US2011182666 A1 US 2011182666A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
opening
drainage
joining element
drainage device
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/377,455
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English (en)
Inventor
Uwe Brinkschulte
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hydrotec Technologies & Co KG GmbH
Original Assignee
Hydrotec Technologies & Co KG GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hydrotec Technologies & Co KG GmbH filed Critical Hydrotec Technologies & Co KG GmbH
Publication of US20110182666A1 publication Critical patent/US20110182666A1/en
Assigned to HYDROTEC TECHNOLOGIES GMBH & CO. KG reassignment HYDROTEC TECHNOLOGIES GMBH & CO. KG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BRINKSCHULTE, UWE
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
    • E01C11/224—Surface drainage of streets
    • E01C11/227—Gutters; Channels ; Roof drainage discharge ducts set in sidewalks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
    • E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
    • E03F3/046—Open sewage channels

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a drainage device for surface drainage, in particular a drainage channel, comprising a hollow, preferably elongate main body and a liquid-permeable portion covering the main body, wherein the main body has at least one opening for connection to an opening of a further drainage device.
  • Drainage devices of the above-mentioned kind are used in particular in traffic surfaces for vehicles and are for example in the form of drainage channels. Drainage devices of the kind involved here are prefabricated components which are usually mass-produced. Because the length or structural size is limited due to manufacturer considerations, for draining relatively large traffic surfaces it is necessary for a plurality of drainage devices to be suitably connected together.
  • the main body of a drainage device is provided with at least one opening, wherein during installation the main body of the drainage device is so arranged at an adjacent further drainage device that the opening in the main body is connected to an opening in the adjacent further drainage device and the openings communicate with each other. It will be noted however that fitting a plurality of drainage devices together during installation thereof entails increased complication and effort, in particular because of the sealing measures to be implemented.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve a drainage device of the kind set forth in the opening part of this specification in such a way that a connection to at least one further drainage device becomes a possibility in a simpler fashion.
  • a drainage device for surface drainage in particular a drainage channel, comprising a hollow, preferably elongate main body and a liquid-permeable portion covering the main body, wherein the main body has at least one opening for connection to an opening of a further drainage device, characterised in that the at least one opening has a joining element for forming a fluid-tight plug connection to an opening of a further drainage device.
  • a plug system which permits the drainage device to be simply but effectively connected to other drainage devices. Additional sealing measures as were required in the state of the art for example by applying sealing material are eliminated as sealing integrity is implemented by the liquid-tight plug connection. For, during the operation of connection to a further drainage device, sealing integrity is produced at the same time in the region of the two openings between two adjacent drainage devices. According to the invention that is achieved in that at least one opening of the main body of the drainage device has a joining element provided for forming a liquid-tight plug connection to an opening of a further drainage device.
  • the further drainage device which is to be connected by means of the joining element according to the invention can involve all kinds of devices which receive and/or pass on liquid, this including for example both drainage channels for receiving surface water and also pipes of a closed periphery for passing on and/or discharging the liquid received by the drainage device according to the invention.
  • the joining element desirably has a seal.
  • the joining element is in the form of a preferably cylindrical, ring-shaped or tubular portion or joining connector.
  • the seal is in the form of a sealing ring which sits at the inside and/or the outside of the annular or tubular portion.
  • the joining element can be of such a configuration that it can be fluid-tightly plugged substantially directly into an opening of a further drainage device.
  • a further configuration in which the main body has at least one first opening for connection to an opening of a second drainage device and a second opening for connection to an opening of a third drainage device is characterised in that the first opening has a joining element of a first kind and the second opening has a joining element of a second kind, wherein the joining element of the first kind is of such a configuration that it can be fluid-tightly plugged into a joining element of the second kind, provided at the opening of a second drainage device, and the joining element of the second kind is of such a configuration that it liquid-tightly receives a joining element of the first kind, provided at an opening of a third drainage device.
  • the joining element of the second kind can be formed substantially by the second opening itself.
  • the joining element of the second kind is of a shape substantially complementary to the joining element of the first kind.
  • the joining element is adapted for producing a liquid-tight plug connection with standardised pipe connections.
  • the drainage device it is possible for the drainage device to be connected not only to other drainage devices of the aforementioned kind, but selectively also to commercially available standardised pipes or discharge pipes such as for example of the widespread KG system. It is possible in that way to construct a drainage system which includes not only drainage devices of the aforementioned kind, but which can also be supplemented by straight or curved shaped portions of a commercially available, standardised pipe system.
  • the main body and the liquid-permeable portion covering the main body can jointly form an integral body, whereby what is referred to as a monolithic drainage device is formed.
  • the integral body comprises cast iron which, in comparison with conventionally employed fibre or polymer concrete, is distinguished by a markedly greater strength and is less brittle. That configuration which moreover represents an independent aspect of the invention permits a lighter and easier installation, in particular because there is no longer any need for additionally introducing supporting concrete upon installation.
  • a device for connecting two drainage devices according to the invention in order to bring a joining element of the one drainage device into plugging connection relationship with a joining element of the other drainage device characterised by a handle portion which with one end can be brought into pivotal engagement with the one drainage device and a pulling element which with one end is pivotably mounted to the handle portion and with another end can be brought into engagement with the other drainage device, wherein another end of the handle portion can be acted upon with a torque in order by way of the pulling element to exert a tensile force on the other drainage device, whereby it can be moved into plugging connection relationship with the one drainage device.
  • two drainage devices according to the invention can be particularly easily connected together, in particular manually, during their installation.
  • the handle portion is brought with its one end into pivotal engagement with one of the two drainage devices to be connected together and the pulling element is brought with its other end into engagement with the other drainage device.
  • the handle portion is subjected to a pivotal movement about its one end which is in pivotal engagement with the one drainage device. The pivotal movement takes place in a direction away from the pulling element.
  • the one end of the handle portion can be brought into pivotal engagement with the liquid-permeable portion, covering the main body, of the one drainage device, wherein operation can take place from above and can thus be effected in a particularly simple fashion.
  • the liquid-permeable portion has openings
  • the one end of the handle portion should advantageously be so designed that it can be plugged into one of the openings of the liquid-permeable portion.
  • an abutment should further be provided at the one end of the handle portion, which abutment can be brought into contact with or can be caused to bear against the liquid-permeable portion in order to form the pivot point for the pivotal movement of the handle portion.
  • the other end of the pulling element can be brought into engagement with the liquid-permeable portion, covering the main body, of the other drainage device, whereby operation can take place from above and can thus be carried out in a particularly simple fashion.
  • the liquid-permeable portion has openings
  • the other end of the pulling element should advantageously be of such a configuration that it can be anchored in one of those openings and can possibly be plugged into that opening.
  • the other end of the pulling element can have a hooked portion with which it is brought into hooking engagement in one of the openings.
  • the handle portion has a first portion between a pivotal mounting point where the one end of the pulling element is pivotably mounted to the handle portion and its one end as well as a second portion between the pivotal mounting point and its other end and the length of the second portion is a multiple of the length of the first portion.
  • the handle portion is elongate and preferably in the form of a bar.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a drainage channel for surface drainage in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through the drainage channel of FIG. 1 ,
  • FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the drainage channel of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a preferred configuration of a tool for connecting two adjacent drainage channels
  • FIG. 5 shows the tool illustrated in FIG. 4 in a working position in engagement with two drainage channels to be connected together, as a perspective view, and
  • FIG. 6 shows a side view of the tool shown in FIG. 4 in a working position in engagement with two drainage channels to be connected together.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 show a drainage device in the form of a drainage channel for surface drainage in accordance with a preferred embodiment, as is typically used in traffic surfaces.
  • the drainage channel is composed of a main body 2 which is U-shaped in cross-section, and a cover 4 . So that the cover 4 is liquid-permeable, it has a multiplicity of passages or through openings which are not identified in greater detail in the Figures but which can be seen therein.
  • the cover 4 In the installed condition of the drainage channel in accordance with the orientation shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 the cover 4 is disposed on the top side of the main body 2 and thus closes it and the top side of the cover 4 is approximately at the level of a traffic surface (not shown in the Figures).
  • the main body 2 has anchorages 6 in the form of “feet” in order to suitably anchor the drainage channel in place in the installed condition, more specifically for example in the earth or in concrete which is additionally cast in position at the outside.
  • the main body 2 is of an elongate shape and is open at its two narrow ends, where there are correspondingly provided a first opening 8 and a second opening 9 .
  • first joining element 10 which in the illustrated embodiment comprises a cylindrical tubular joining connector 12 which surrounds and thus defines the first opening 8 .
  • the joining connector 12 is integrally connected to the main body 2 and thus forms a part thereof.
  • a second joining element 14 which in the illustrated embodiment has a ring-shaped portion 16 and is also integrally connected to the main body 2 so that the ring-shaped portion 16 forms a portion of the main body 2 .
  • an inwardly open groove 18 which extends in the peripheral direction of the ring-shaped portion 16 and thus forms a closed ring-shaped groove, the diameter of which is somewhat larger than the inside diameter of the ring-shaped portion 16 .
  • a sealing ring 20 Disposed in that ring-shaped groove 18 is a sealing ring 20 which is in the form of an O-ring and whose radially inwardly disposed peripheral portion projects a little from the inside wall of the ring-shaped portion 16 .
  • the sealing ring 20 comprises elastic material such as rubber, a rubber blend or a suitable plastic material. In that way it is possible that, in the event of forces acting radially outwardly on the exposed, inwardly projecting portion of the sealing ring 20 , it is squeezed in a direction towards the groove 16 and produces a corresponding sealing action.
  • the two joining elements 10 and 14 form a plug system for forming a liquid-tight plug connection of a plurality of drainage channels of the configuration shown in the Figures.
  • the outside diameter of the cylindrical joining connector 12 forming the first joining element 10 is slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the ring-shaped portion 16 of the second joining element 14 , but larger than the inside diameter of the sealing ring 20 in its relaxed condition.
  • the above-described plug connection is also referred to as a socket connection as the first joining element 10 performs the function of a socket and the second joining element 14 performs the function of an end portion.
  • the two joining elements 10 and 14 should be of the same shape and configuration as the joining elements of standardised discharge flow pipes.
  • the drainage channel illustrated in the Figures it is possible for the drainage channel illustrated in the Figures to be connected not only to other drainage channels of the same design but selectively also to commercially available standardised discharge flow pipes such as for example the widespread KG system.
  • a drainage system which includes not only drainage channels of the configuration illustrated in the Figures but which can also be supplemented by straight or curved shaped portions of a commercially available standardised pipe system.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 further show, in the illustrated embodiment the main body 2 and the cover 4 form an integral body, thereby forming what is referred to as a monolithic drainage channel.
  • a monolithic drainage channel is produced from cast iron which, in comparison with conventionally employed fibre or polymer concrete, is distinguished by markedly higher strength and is less brittle.
  • the above-described plug system consisting of the joining elements 10 and 14 can also be implemented both on drainage channels having a cover which is removable from the main body, and on all other possible kinds of drainage devices. It is also conceivable for the main body, in addition to the two openings 8 and 9 , to be provided with further openings, and also for a respective joining element to be provided at those additional openings, selectively in accordance with the first joining element 10 or the second joining element 14 in order for example in that way to provide one or more branches.
  • the main body is provided only with one single opening, in comparison with the configuration described hereinbefore with reference to the Figures, and for a joining element either in accordance with the first joining element 10 or in accordance with the second joining element 14 to be provided at that single opening, in order for example in that way to produce an end portion.
  • a joining element either in accordance with the first joining element 10 or in accordance with the second joining element 14 to be provided at that single opening, in order for example in that way to produce an end portion.
  • to close the second opening 9 by preferably using the cap of a commercially available standardised pipe system, which with its cylindrical joining connector which is of the same shape as the joining connector 12 is pushed into the ring-shaped portion 16 of the second joining element 14 with at the same time contact engagement with the sealing ring 20 .
  • a tool which is to be actuated manually can be used during installation or assembly of the drainage channels.
  • a preferred embodiment of such a tool 30 and the use thereof is shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 .
  • the tool 30 illustrated there by way of example has an elongate handle bar 32 to which a pulling element 34 is pivotally mounted with a first end 34 a by way of a hinge 36 .
  • the handle bar 32 has a first end 32 a which in the working position forms the lower end and a second end 32 b which in the working position forms the upper end.
  • the handle bar 32 is divided by the hinge 36 into a first portion formed between the one end 32 a and the hinge 36 and a second portion 32 d formed between the other end 32 b and the hinge 36 .
  • the length of the second portion 32 d is a multiple of the length of the first portion 32 c.
  • the one end 32 a of the handle bar 32 has an extension 38 and an abutment 40 which is in the form of a transverse pin and which delimits the extension 38 in relation to the rest of the first portion 32 c of the handle bar 32 .
  • the other end 32 b serves as a handle and can preferably also be of a corresponding configuration, which however is not the case in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the pulling element 34 which is pivotally mounted with its one end 34 a to the handle bar 32 by way of the hinge 36 and is thus hingedly movable relative thereto is in the form of an elongate body which is rigid in itself, like the handle bar 32 , as is shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the free other end 34 b of the pulling element 34 is provided with a hooked extension 42 .
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show use of the tool 30 illustrated in FIG. 4 for connecting two adjacent drainage channels 2 . 1 and 2 . 2 .
  • the handle bar 32 is plugged with its one end 32 a from above into one of the openings (not identified in the Figures but clearly discernible therein) in the cover 4 of the one drainage channel 2 . 1 so that the extension 38 at that end 32 a projects into that opening and the abutment 40 which is in the form of the transverse pin comes to rest on the surface of the cover 4 .
  • the pulling element 34 is also hooked with its other end 34 b into an opening in the cover 4 of the adjacent drainage channel 2 . 2 so that the hooked extension 42 engages behind that opening.
  • the two drainage channels 2 . 1 and 2 are plugged with its one end 32 a from above into one of the openings (not identified in the Figures but clearly discernible therein) in the cover 4 of the one drainage channel 2 . 1 so that the extension 38 at that end 32 a projects into that opening and the abutment 40 which is
  • the handle bar 32 disposed in an obliquely inclined arrangement facing towards the other drainage channel 2 . 2 , is brought into engagement with the one drainage channel 2 . 1 , in which case the pulling element 34 comprising an elongate body is disposed approximately in a right-angled relationship with the handle bar 32 . In that initial condition the two drainage channels 2 . 1 and 2 . 2 are still at a corresponding spacing from each other.
  • an operator grips the handle bar 32 preferably at its other end 32 b which in this position now forms the upper end, and moves the handle bar 32 in a direction towards the one drainage channel 2 . 1 . That leads to a pivotal movement of the handle bar 32 about the abutment 40 which is resting on the surface of the cover 4 of the one drainage channel 2 . 1 and which thus also forms a pivot point for the pivotal movement of the handle bar 32 .
  • the pivotal movement is indicated by the arrow A in the FIGS. 5 and 6 .
  • the pivotal movement of the handle bar 32 is continued until the two joining elements 10 and 14 have come into liquid-tight plug connecting relationship with each other. As then the two drainage channels 2 . 1 and 2 . 2 which are now connected together have come into contact with each other at their ends a further pivotal movement of the handle bar 32 makes no sense and is also no longer possible. Rather, the tool 30 is then removed from the arrangement, which is now connected together, of the two drainage channels 2 . 1 and 2 . 2 , by a procedure whereby the hooked portion 42 at the other end 34 b of the pulling element 34 is released from the cover 4 of the other drainage channel 2 . 2 by manually pivoting the pulling element 34 upwardly, and the one end 32 a of the handle bar 32 is pulled with its extension 38 out of the corresponding opening in the cover 4 of the one drainage channel 2 . 1 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
  • Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
US12/377,455 2006-08-16 2007-08-10 Drainage Device Abandoned US20110182666A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202006012625U DE202006012625U1 (de) 2006-08-16 2006-08-16 Entwässerungsvorrichtung
DE202006012625.2 2006-08-16
PCT/EP2007/007097 WO2008019804A1 (de) 2006-08-16 2007-08-10 Entwässerungsvorrichtung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20110182666A1 true US20110182666A1 (en) 2011-07-28

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ID=38608902

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/377,455 Abandoned US20110182666A1 (en) 2006-08-16 2007-08-10 Drainage Device

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20110182666A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2054558B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101506440A (de)
AT (1) ATE540171T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2007286526B2 (de)
DE (1) DE202006012625U1 (de)
NO (1) NO343255B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2008019804A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160081284A1 (en) * 2013-05-17 2016-03-24 Greenblue Urban Ltd A modular drainage system
CN113944286A (zh) * 2021-10-27 2022-01-18 山东省水利科学研究院 一种庭院式屋顶雨水收集装置及收集方法

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008032513A1 (de) 2008-07-10 2010-01-21 Aco Severin Ahlmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Entwässerungsrinne
JP5388733B2 (ja) * 2009-07-16 2014-01-15 東拓工業株式会社 簡易排水部材、簡易排水装置及びその施工方法
DE102011018843A1 (de) * 2011-04-27 2012-10-31 Mea Bausysteme Gmbh Entwässerungsrinne
DE102011018844A1 (de) * 2011-04-27 2012-10-31 Mea Bausysteme Gmbh Entwässerungsrinne mit unterschiedlich dicken Seitenwänden
DE202011104877U1 (de) * 2011-08-28 2011-10-28 Walter Schiewe Entwässerungs-Rinnensystem
ITBO20120442A1 (it) * 2012-08-09 2014-02-10 Malagrida Group S R L Canale di raccolta di acque piovane
DE102014112984A1 (de) * 2014-09-09 2016-03-10 ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co Kommanditgesellschaft Fassadenrinne
US9127462B1 (en) 2014-09-24 2015-09-08 Malagrida Group S.R.L. Rainwater gutter
DE102015104488A1 (de) * 2015-03-25 2016-09-29 ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co Kommanditgesellschaft Oberflächenentwässerungseinrichtung
DE102016103274A1 (de) * 2016-02-24 2017-08-24 ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co Kommanditgesellschaft Rinne
CN108468362A (zh) * 2018-04-17 2018-08-31 中国冶集团有限公司 一种基于海绵城市空心路缘带雨水收集利用系统
CN110499694B (zh) * 2019-09-03 2021-06-22 李泽君 一种防堵式透水降温的跑道
CN110863407A (zh) * 2019-11-27 2020-03-06 阳谷天马建筑材料有限公司 一种预制装配式市政道路用排水结构

Citations (4)

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US3225545A (en) * 1962-07-10 1965-12-28 Josam Mfg Co Drain construction
US4490067A (en) * 1981-12-17 1984-12-25 Quaker Plastic Corporation Modular drain system
US4838727A (en) * 1988-06-28 1989-06-13 Aco Polymer Products, Inc. Slotted drain conduit
US6612780B2 (en) * 2000-11-15 2003-09-02 Quaker Plastic Corporation Modular trench drain system

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GB1399113A (en) * 1972-06-02 1975-06-25 Safeticurb Ltd Drainage blocks
DE7330840U (de) * 1973-08-24 1973-11-29 Aco Ahlmann Severin Schhtzrinne oder Schutzrohr zur Oberflachen Entwässerung
DE8315463U1 (de) * 1983-05-26 1984-05-03 Betonwerk Hans Erlenmaier, 7959 Schwendi Wasserablaufstein
DE3842153A1 (de) * 1988-12-15 1990-06-21 Passavant Werke Entwaesserungsrinne
DE19733571A1 (de) * 1997-08-02 1999-03-11 Betonwerk Neu Ulm Gmbh & Co Kg Stahlbeton-Schlitzprofil

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3225545A (en) * 1962-07-10 1965-12-28 Josam Mfg Co Drain construction
US4490067A (en) * 1981-12-17 1984-12-25 Quaker Plastic Corporation Modular drain system
US4838727A (en) * 1988-06-28 1989-06-13 Aco Polymer Products, Inc. Slotted drain conduit
US6612780B2 (en) * 2000-11-15 2003-09-02 Quaker Plastic Corporation Modular trench drain system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160081284A1 (en) * 2013-05-17 2016-03-24 Greenblue Urban Ltd A modular drainage system
CN113944286A (zh) * 2021-10-27 2022-01-18 山东省水利科学研究院 一种庭院式屋顶雨水收集装置及收集方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008019804A1 (de) 2008-02-21
EP2054558B1 (de) 2012-01-04
WO2008019804A8 (de) 2008-06-26
NO20091093L (no) 2009-03-12
NO343255B1 (no) 2019-01-02
DE202006012625U1 (de) 2007-12-27
AU2007286526A1 (en) 2008-02-21
AU2007286526B2 (en) 2012-06-28
ATE540171T1 (de) 2012-01-15
CN101506440A (zh) 2009-08-12
EP2054558A1 (de) 2009-05-06

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Legal Events

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AS Assignment

Owner name: HYDROTEC TECHNOLOGIES GMBH & CO. KG, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BRINKSCHULTE, UWE;REEL/FRAME:026936/0222

Effective date: 20091210

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION