US20110001068A1 - Hose valve for feeding fine grained material - Google Patents

Hose valve for feeding fine grained material Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110001068A1
US20110001068A1 US12/745,551 US74555108A US2011001068A1 US 20110001068 A1 US20110001068 A1 US 20110001068A1 US 74555108 A US74555108 A US 74555108A US 2011001068 A1 US2011001068 A1 US 2011001068A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
pressure
inner tube
lime mud
tube valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/745,551
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English (en)
Inventor
Soren Kindlund
Michael A. Rowe
Hans Barthelson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valmet AB
Original Assignee
Metso Paper Sweden AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metso Paper Sweden AB filed Critical Metso Paper Sweden AB
Assigned to METSO FIBER KARLSTAD AB reassignment METSO FIBER KARLSTAD AB ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BARTHELSON, HANS, KINDLUND, SOREN, ROWE, MICHAEL A.
Publication of US20110001068A1 publication Critical patent/US20110001068A1/en
Assigned to METSO PAPER SWEDEN AKTIEBOLAG reassignment METSO PAPER SWEDEN AKTIEBOLAG CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: METSO FIBER KARLSTAD AB
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
    • D21C11/0064—Aspects concerning the production and the treatment of green and white liquors, e.g. causticizing green liquor
    • D21C11/0078—Treatment of green or white liquors with other means or other compounds than gases, e.g. in order to separate solid compounds such as sodium chloride and carbonate from these liquors; Further treatment of these compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
    • D21C11/04—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters of alkali lye
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
    • B01D33/15—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary plane filtering surfaces
    • B01D33/21—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary plane filtering surfaces with hollow filtering discs transversely mounted on a hollow rotary shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
    • B01D33/44—Regenerating the filter material in the filter
    • B01D33/46—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by scrapers, brushes nozzles or the like acting on the cake-side of the filtering element
    • B01D33/466—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by scrapers, brushes nozzles or the like acting on the cake-side of the filtering element scrapers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
    • B01D33/44—Regenerating the filter material in the filter
    • B01D33/48—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by flushing, e.g. counter-current air-bumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
    • B01D33/70—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation having feed or discharge devices
    • B01D33/76—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation having feed or discharge devices for discharging the filter cake, e.g. chutes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D37/00—Processes of filtration
    • B01D37/02—Precoating the filter medium; Addition of filter aids to the liquid being filtered
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/40—Production or processing of lime, e.g. limestone regeneration of lime in pulp and sugar mills

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a tube valve for the output of finely granulated material, preferably dry lime mud that maintains a level of dry matter content of 65-90%, where the tube valve comprises an elastic inner tube arranged within a pressure chamber that surrounds the elastic inner tube.
  • the green liquor that is a process liquor in the causticisation process consists principally of sodium carbonate.
  • the green liquor is caused to react during the process with quick-lime, whereby calcium carbonate (lime mud) is formed, together with sodium hydroxide (white liquor).
  • the white liquor is filtered in tube filters or disc filters, where these filters, in particular the latter, are normally of pressurised type.
  • the white liquor obtained is reused in the sulphate process for the cooking of pulp wood chips.
  • the lime mud obtained from the filtration is finally burnt in order to reform quick-lime.
  • the lime mud is conventionally treated after the white liquor filter such that it is formed into a slurry with a consistency of 35-40% and it is stored in storage tanks in order to ensure a steady supply of lime mud to the lime kiln.
  • the lime mud that has been slurried is pumped from these storage tanks to a lime mud dewaterer that is arranged just before the lime kiln, where dewatering of the lime mud slurry takes place to give a level of dry matter content of 65-90%.
  • the dewatering normally takes place in atmospheric drum filters and the lime mud that is scraped from the dewatering filter is transported on transport belts to the lime kiln. This entails a number of unnecessary operations and a certain amount of unnecessary equipment in the form of sludging arrangements, storage tanks and dewaterers.
  • a filter cake in the form of lime mud on a filter medium is formed.
  • This lime mud is scraped off with scrapers (known as “knives”) and falls down into a reception chute, where further dilution with dilution liquid is carried out in order for it to be possible to transport the lime mud onwards.
  • An output screw is shown in the said SE-C 463 771, in one embodiment, directly after the reception chute, which screw feeds the mud onwards to a sluice.
  • the sluice is, in a second displayed embodiment, in the form of a storage tank in which the level is monitored, in which tank a mechanical stirrer is placed.
  • Handling dry lime mud involves very serious problems since the lime mud produces dust and gives rise to environmental problems in the recovery process, and it is also highly wearing for processing equipment since the dry lime mud behaves as a grinding powder.
  • the wear means that handling equipment for dry lime mud from pressurised filtering processes cannot be constructed to use pressurised sluices having mechanical sealing arrangements with small tolerances since these parts wear rapidly.
  • dry lime mud is difficult to handle since the mud has a tendency to clog storage silos and pipe systems. The dry lime mud has for this reason often been handled in open systems that feed the mud to the lime kiln on transport belts or similar.
  • the systems furthermore, must be able to feed the lime mud to the lime kiln in an even flow, since the kiln can easily damage the ceramic lining by burning, if the kiln is not evenly filled throughout its extent. It is normal to counteract a disturbance in the feed of lime mud by reducing the power of the burner in the lime kiln in order to prevent a poorly filled section of the lime kiln being exposed to a heat load that is too high.
  • the invention relates to the handling of a finely granulated material, by which is denoted a material for which the particle size is less than 1,000 micrometers ( ⁇ 0.1 cm), preferably less than 100 micrometers, where the material forms a tightly packed structure with a very high pressure differential across a bed that is formed from packing such material.
  • a finely granulated material by which is denoted a material for which the particle size is less than 1,000 micrometers ( ⁇ 0.1 cm), preferably less than 100 micrometers, where the material forms a tightly packed structure with a very high pressure differential across a bed that is formed from packing such material.
  • the feed out of dry lime mud is preferentially concerned, the behaviour of which is similar to that of cement powder or flour, and where this finely granulated material forms a compact mass when a bed is constructed.
  • the invention is based on the insight that a specific tube valve can be used as outlet sluice from a pressurised process from which finely granulated material is fed out, which material otherwise has a tendency to clog the outlet.
  • a functional pressure lock is formed in order to ensure that the pressurised process can maintain its working pressure with minimal losses caused by leakage through the outlet.
  • the purpose of the invention in the form of the construction design of the tube valve is to provide an output system for finely granulated material from a pressurised process where:
  • a further purpose is to make it possible to feed the dry lime mud directly to the lime kiln during the application for cleaning lime mud.
  • FIG. 1 shows in principle a system according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows the tube valve according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a system with a pressurised disc filter 1 to which a slurried mixture of lime mud LS is fed.
  • a number of filter discs 2 are present in the filter whose interior is placed under negative pressure via a hollow shaft 3 , which hollow shaft drains the liquid to a liquid tank 8 , while a layer of lime mud becomes attached to the surfaces of the filter discs.
  • the difference in pressure is established with a pump 9 that exerts suction on the gas phase of the liquid tank and pressurises the discs via the line 11 .
  • the pressure difference that is established across the filter screen of the discs is of the order of magnitude 1-1.5 bar.
  • the liquid is normally constituted by a weak liquor, where this weak liquor contains the residual alkali that may be present in the lime mud mixture LS, and it may be diluted with the cleaning liquid that is sprayed in a conventional manner onto the filter discs.
  • the dry lime mud that has been applied to the filter discs 2 is scraped off in a conventional manner by knives 5 (scrapers) that are located at a distance from the surfaces of the filter discs 2 .
  • These knives 5 normally lie at such a distance from the filter surfaces of the discs that a filter cake is formed on the discs, which then forms a precoat on the filter screen, which gives an improved filtration effect.
  • This precoat can be regenerated at given times by the deep cleaning of a track on the filter cake right into the filter screen using a high-pressure nozzle.
  • a part of the thickness of the filter cake may also be regenerated by the knife passing in towards the filter disc and reducing the thickness of the filter cake to a minimum, with the knife subsequently returning to its original position.
  • One disc at a time can in this way undergo a partial regeneration of the precoat.
  • a second alternative to the cleaning of filters is conventional reverse blowing, which can take place for one disc at a time or for all discs at the same time.
  • the dry lime mud which maintains a level of dry matter content of approximately 65-90%, falls down into a first reception chute 4 .
  • the first reception chute is connected at its lower part to a collection pipe 6 that is essentially horizontal and in which is arranged a first transport screw 7 , driven by a motor M 1 .
  • the dry lime mud is then fed onwards to a pressure-maintaining outlet sluice formed in the vertical shaft after the first transport screw, where a tube valve 14 and a sluice feed 13 are arranged.
  • a plug-breaker 12 is arranged in connection with the upper part of the vertical shaft at the end of the collection pipe 6 . The plug-breaker is to finely divide any lumps or plugs that form, and in this way secure the feed to the chute.
  • the plug-breaker 12 may consist either of fixed pegs or a plug-breaker that rotates in the opposite direction to the feed screw 7 . It may in this case be provided with a number of wings that break the plug that is fed by the feed screw 7 towards the plug-breaker 12 .
  • the plug-breaker may have its own continuously active drive, or it may be driven by the shaft of the feed screw through a reversing gear box.
  • a tube valve 14 (which is shown in more detail in FIG. 2 ) together with a sluice feed 13 are used in order to ensure the establishment of a pressure lock.
  • the sluice feed ensures that a certain minimum height of lime mud is established in the tube valve.
  • the tightly packed column of lime mud with finely granulated material that is established in the tube valve leads to a significant fall in pressure, and is exploited as a pressure lock. It has proved to be the case during testing that a tube valve with a diameter of 80-120 mm that maintains a column of lime mud of height 2-3 decimetres can maintain by itself a pressure difference of 1-1.5 bar.
  • the height of column that is necessary for the establishment of a pressure lock is a function of the diameter of the chute, whereby the height of column necessary increases proportionally with the diameter of the chute, where the height of column necessary is at least twice the diameter.
  • a rotating sluice feed 13 driven by a motor M 2 is preferably arranged under the tube valve in order to ensure that the column of lime mud does not flow out from the tube valve in an uncontrolled manner. It is preferable that this sluice feed have 3-5 pockets, where the number of pockets is proportional to the size, i.e. the capacity, of the sluice feed.
  • This rotating sluice feed principally ensures that the column of lime mud can be built up during the start-up sequence, and that the column of lime mud is not released in an uncontrolled manner from the tube valve 14 when the tube valve releases its grip around the column of lime mud. Other types of sluice can therefore be used.
  • the tube valve 14 can in the extreme case function without the sluice feed 13 , while in this case the transport screw 15 remains stationary during the start-up sequence while a column of lime mud forms in the tube valve. If the tube valve is activated intermittently, the column of lime mud that has been built up can be caused to descend through the tube valve with an intermittent downwards motion where the tube valve alternately grips and releases the column of lime mud.
  • the tube valve 14 invention will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 2 , where the tube valve is shown in detail.
  • the tube valve 14 is located arranged between the outlet of the first transport screw and the sluice feed 13 , via an upper and a lower flange coupling 140 a / 140 b.
  • a tube adapter 146 be inserted into the tube valve 14 , where the internal diameter of the tube adapter essentially corresponds to the internal diameter of the tube valve when the tube is fully expanded, i.e. when the greatest pressure difference between the inner surface and outer surface of the tube has been established.
  • the tube valve should be mounted with an axial tensile prestress in order for it to achieve the desired function.
  • the tube valve obtains in this manner a waist with the form of an hour-glass.
  • the flexible inner tube 142 is held in tension in the housing 141 of the tube valve with the aid of an upper clamp ring 144 a and a lower clamp ring 144 b , while the inner tube is subject to axial strain. It is preferable that the flexible inner tube when in its non-loaded initial condition is 3-10% shorter than the distance between the ends of the inner tube when it is in its mounted condition.
  • a pressure chamber 145 in the form of a ring-shaped gap between the housing 141 of the tube valve and the inner tube 142 is in this way formed.
  • the inner tube 142 When the inner tube 142 has its maximal expansion, it will come into contact with the housing 141 , and the housing in this way prevents the tube from acquiring a local expansion that is greater than the diameter of the outlet from the chute and that may cause the formation of plugs.
  • the flexible inner tube 142 be manufactured from natural rubber or from a similar elastic material that resists wear from the lime mud.
  • This prestress allows an initial condition to be achieved in which the tube establishes the gentle hour-glass form shown in FIG. 2 if the same pressure is prevalent within the tube as that present outside of the tube 142 .
  • the pressure outside of the tube subsequently falls, the expansion that results from the prestress takes place concentrically and uniformly along its complete length between the attachment points, without any risk of the tube 142 being subject to local deformation.
  • the tube valve have a built height that exceeds to a considerable extent the internal diameter of the tube valve, since the tube valve is to hold a column of finely granulated material that at the same time forms a pressure lock.
  • connection 143 a / 143 b to a source of pressure that can be regulated is present externally to the tube 142 in order for it to be possible to regulate the tube valve.
  • the connection 143 a can, for example, be connected to the atmosphere and the connection 143 b to the same pressure that is prevalent in the pressurised filter.
  • the tube as an alternative may be connected to a reduced excess pressure relative to the pressure in the filter 1 , instead of atmospheric pressure.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically how the regulation may be carried out with only a single connection, using instead a regulator valve 21 that connects the outer surface of the tube to the same pressure as that prevalent in the filter or to the atmosphere/ATM.
  • the outer surface of the tube is connected in FIG. 1 to the same pressure as that prevalent within the filter, for which reason the tube valve has the same pressure internally as externally to the tube 142 , and it takes the form or initial position that is shown in FIG. 2 . This results in the tube having its minimum diameter and hence holding the column of lime mud that is formed in the tube valve.
  • the tube valve As soon as the tube valve is connected to a lower pressure, in the case shown to atmospheric pressure, the difference in pressure between the inner surface and the outer surface of the tube will increase such that the tube expands and releases its hold on the column of lime mud. It is preferable that the release of the tube valve takes place in synchronisation with the position of the sluice feed 13 such that a release is activated when an empty pocket of the sluice feed is nearly fully exposed to the column of lime mud located above it. It is an alternative that the tube valve be held pulsating such that it releases its grip at a higher frequency than the frequency of the exposure of the pockets of the sluice feed.
  • the sluice feed 13 does not need to be designed with a small play between the housing of the sluice feed and the wings of the sluice feed since the greater part of the fall in pressure is located across the column of lime mud that has been established in the tube valve.
  • the play in the sluice feed can be allowed to be as great as up to 2-10 millimetres. It is possible that the sluice feed be provided also with clearing air for the emptying of chambers at the lower position.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically the design of the control system, where a control unit 20 detects the position of the sluice feed through a signal line A, preferably by detecting pulses in a conventional manner from a pulse sensor arranged on the motor shaft of the motor M 2 .
  • the control unit 20 subsequently activates the regulator valve 21 through the signal line B such that the valve takes up one of two positions: either such that the tube valve is connected to the same excess pressure as that prevalent in the filter 1 or such that the tube valve is connected to a lower pressure, such as atmospheric pressure.
  • the control unit 20 detects also the level in the tube valve through the signal line C in order subsequently to control the rate of revolution of the sluice feed through the signal line D such that a minimum level can be maintained in the tube valve.
  • the frequency of the release in the prototype was 8-36 times per minute, and a rate of flow of 1-3 cm/s through the output unit was established.
  • the cell feed which had five cells and a total volume of 3 litres, was driven at a rate of revolution of 2.3-9 rpm.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Details Of Valves (AREA)
  • Check Valves (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
US12/745,551 2007-12-06 2008-12-04 Hose valve for feeding fine grained material Abandoned US20110001068A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0702702-2 2007-12-06
SE0702702A SE530768C2 (sv) 2007-12-06 2007-12-06 System för mottagning och transport av mesa från ett vitlutsfilter
PCT/SE2008/051409 WO2009072980A1 (en) 2007-12-06 2008-12-04 Hose valve for feeding fine grained material

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20110001068A1 true US20110001068A1 (en) 2011-01-06

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ID=39731006

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/745,551 Abandoned US20110001068A1 (en) 2007-12-06 2008-12-04 Hose valve for feeding fine grained material
US12/745,552 Expired - Fee Related US8444851B2 (en) 2007-12-06 2008-12-04 System for reception and transport of lime mud from a white liquor filter

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/745,552 Expired - Fee Related US8444851B2 (en) 2007-12-06 2008-12-04 System for reception and transport of lime mud from a white liquor filter

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (2) US20110001068A1 (zh)
EP (2) EP2217839B1 (zh)
CN (2) CN101939574B (zh)
BR (2) BRPI0819892A8 (zh)
RU (2) RU2465505C2 (zh)
SE (1) SE530768C2 (zh)
WO (3) WO2009072979A1 (zh)

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US11000791B2 (en) * 2019-03-06 2021-05-11 Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Support Rotary disc filter having backwash guides

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FI20041518A (fi) * 2004-11-25 2006-05-26 Andritz Oy Menetelmä ja laite meesan käsittelemiseksi
CN104066885B (zh) * 2011-11-04 2015-10-21 维美德公司 苛化工艺制备白液的方法
FI123557B (fi) * 2012-02-06 2013-07-15 Andritz Oy Menetelmä ja laite kiekkosuotimen esipäällystekerroksen ohentamiseksi
SE1250623A1 (sv) * 2012-06-13 2013-11-05 Metso Paper Sweden Ab Metod och utrustning för mätning av filtersektorer i skivfilter
CA2878228A1 (en) * 2012-07-09 2014-01-16 Valmet Ab Method and apparatus for obtaining strong white liquor and lime mud with low residual alkali level
CN103223396B (zh) * 2013-05-10 2016-02-03 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 一种用于光阻涂布设备的接触式浸润槽
CN103861346A (zh) * 2014-01-01 2014-06-18 张洪平 圆盘过滤机
FI127009B (fi) * 2014-03-27 2017-09-15 Andritz Oy Lipeäsuodin ja menetelmä lipeäsuotimen yhteydessä
CN104492134B (zh) * 2014-12-04 2019-07-16 江苏中宜生态土研究院有限公司 污泥强压深度脱水系统
SE540553C2 (en) * 2017-04-07 2018-09-25 Valmet Oy Pressurized disc filter for causticization liquors containing lime mud
CN111991888B (zh) * 2020-08-11 2021-12-17 滨州市闽轩塑料制品有限公司 一种自清洁滤网
CN113233625A (zh) * 2021-04-27 2021-08-10 无锡市亨利富建设发展有限公司 市政污水处理机构
CN113091475B (zh) * 2021-05-25 2023-09-08 江苏苏盐井神股份有限公司 一种井下循环制纯碱中石灰窑碎瘤机装置

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CN101939574B (zh) 2012-11-21
EP2217839A4 (en) 2011-04-27
CN101939482A (zh) 2011-01-05
BRPI0819892A8 (pt) 2015-12-01
RU2479684C2 (ru) 2013-04-20
EP2235255A1 (en) 2010-10-06
CN101939574A (zh) 2011-01-05
RU2010127854A (ru) 2012-01-20
US20110000834A1 (en) 2011-01-06
RU2010127853A (ru) 2012-01-27
BRPI0819890A8 (pt) 2015-12-01
BRPI0819892A2 (pt) 2015-05-19
EP2235255B1 (en) 2014-08-27
SE0702702L (sv) 2008-09-09
SE530768C2 (sv) 2008-09-09
RU2465505C2 (ru) 2012-10-27
US8444851B2 (en) 2013-05-21
BRPI0819890A2 (pt) 2015-06-16
EP2217839A1 (en) 2010-08-18
CN101939482B (zh) 2012-09-26
WO2009072980A1 (en) 2009-06-11
EP2235255A4 (en) 2011-04-27
EP2217839B1 (en) 2013-03-20
WO2009072978A1 (en) 2009-06-11

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