Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D495/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4365—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system having sulfur as a ring hetero atom, e.g. ticlopidine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
  • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D333/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
  • C07D333/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom
  • C07D333/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D333/30—Hetero atoms other than halogen
  • C07D333/36—Nitrogen atoms

Definitions

• This invention pertains to compounds that inhibit protein kinases such as Aurora-kinases and the VEGFR and PDGFR families of kinases, and which have an improved safety profile due to low CYP3A4 inhibition, compositions containing the compounds, and methods of treating diseases using the compounds.
• Mitosis is a process by which a complete copy of a duplicated genome is segregated by the microtuble spindle apparatus into two daughter cells.
• Aurora-kinases key mitotic regulators required for genome stability, have been found to be overexpressed in human tumors. There is therefore an existing need in the therapeutic arts for compounds which inhibit Aurora-kinases, compositions comprising the inhibitors and methods of treating diseases during which Aurora-kinases are unregulated or overexpressed.
• the reversible phosphorylation of proteins is one of the primary biochemical mechanisms mediating eukaryotic cell signaling. This reaction is catalyzed by protein kinases that transfer the g-phosphate group of ATP to hydroxyl groups on target proteins. 518 such enzymes exist in the human genome of which ⁇ 90 selectively catalyze the phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxyl groups Cytosolic tyrosine kinases reside intracellularly whereas receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) possess both extracellular and intracellular domains and function as membrane spanning cell surface receptors. As such, RTKs mediate the cellular responses to environmental signals and facilitate a broad range of cellular processes including proliferation, migration and survival.
• RTKs receptor tyrosine kinases
• RTK signaling pathways are normally highly regulated, yet their over-activation has been shown to promote the growth, survival and metastasis of cancer cells.
• Dysregulated RTK signaling occurs through gene over-expression or mutation and has been correlated with the progression of various human cancers.
• the VEGF receptor (VEGFR) family consists of three RTKs, KDR (kinase insert domain-containing receptor; VEGFR2), FLT1 (Fms-like tyrosine kinase; VEGFR1), and FLT4 (VEGFR3). These receptors mediate the biological function of the vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF-A, -B, -C, -D, -E and placenta growth factor (P1GF)), a family of homodimeric glycoproteins that bind the VEGF receptors with varying affinities.
• KDR kinase insert domain-containing receptor
• FLT1 Flms-like tyrosine kinase
• VEGFR3 FLT4
• KDR is the major mediator of the mitogenic, angiogenic and permeability-enhancing effects of VEGF-A, hereafter referred to as VEGF.
• VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor-A
• Many different cell types are able to produce VEGF, yet its biological activity is limited predominately to the vasculature by way of the endothelial cell-selective expression of KDR.
• the VEGF/KDR axis is a primary mediator of angiogenesis, the means by which new blood vessels are formed from preexisting vessels.
• FLT1 binds VEGF, VEGF-B and placental growth factor. FLT1 is expressed on the surface of smooth muscle cells, monocytes and hematopoietic stems cells in addition to endothelial cells. Activation of FLT1 signaling results in the mobilization of marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells that are recruited to tumors where they contribute to new blood vessel formation.
• Lymphatic vessels are one of the routes by which cancer cells disseminate from solid tumors during metastasis.
• the PDGF receptor (PDGFR) family consists of five RTK's, PDGFR-a and b, CSF1R, KIT, and FLT3.
• the a and b isoforms of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors occur as homodimers or a/b heterodimers and are found most commonly on the surface of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells.
• PDGFR-b contributes to tumor angiogenesis through the proliferation and migration of pericytes, the peri-endothelial cells that associate with and stabilize immature blood vessels.
• autocrine PDGFR stimulation brought about by the co-expression of PDGF and PDGF receptors, mediates tumor cell proliferation and survival.
• CSF-1R is encoded by the cellular homolog of the retroviral oncogene v-fms and is a major regulator of macrophage development. Macrophages are frequent components of tumor stroma and have been shown to modify the extracellular matrix in a manner beneficial to tumor growth and metastasis.
• KIT is expressed by hematopoietic progenitor cells, mast cells, germ cells and by pacemaker cells in the gut (interstitial cells of Cajal). It contributes to tumor progression by two general mechanisms namely autocrine stimulation by its ligand, stem cell factor (SCF), and through mutations that result in ligand-independent kinase activity.
• SCF stem cell factor
• FLT3 is normally expressed on hematopoietic stem cells where its interaction with FLT3 ligand (FL) stimulates stem cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. In addition to being over-expressed in various leukemia cells, FLT3 is frequently mutated in hematological malignancies with approximately one-third of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) harboring activating mutations.
• AML acute myeloid leukemia
• the identification of effective small compounds which specifically inhibit signal transduction and cellular proliferation by modulating the activity of tyrosine kinases to regulate and modulate abnormal or inappropriate cell proliferation, differentiation, or metabolism is therefore desirable.
• the identification of methods and compounds that specifically inhibit the function of a tyrosine kinase which is essential for angiogenic processes or the formation of vascular hyperpermeability leading to edema, ascites, effusions, exudates, and macromolecular extravasation and matrix deposition as well as associated disorders would be beneficial.
• cytochrome P450 also known as CYP or P450
• CYP3A subfamily which includes CYP3A4, 3A5, 3A7 and 3A43 is responsible for the metabolism of about 60% of known therapeutic drugs.
• CYP3A4 in particular is the most abundant CYP isoenzyme in both liver and intestine and is involved in the metabolism of more than 50% of the clinically used drugs (Mechanism-Based Inhibition of Cytochrome P455 3A4 by Therapeutic Drugs. Clin. Pharmacokinet, 2005, 44, 279-304). Like all other CYP enzymes, CYP3A4 is susceptible to both reversible and pseudo-irreversible or irreversible (mechanism based) inhibition (Time-dependent CYP Inhibition. Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol. 2007, 3, 51-66). Their low substrate specificity makes the CYP enzymes susceptible to inhibition by a wide variety of structurally distinct drugs.
• thienopyridine compounds disclosed in WO2005/010009 display potent inhibition of Aurora and PDGFR/VEGFR kinases, they may also be inhibitors of CYP3A4.
• This invention pertains to novel thienopyridines of formula I, which maintain potent inhibition of both Aurora kinases and the family of kinases encompassing PDGFR and VEGFR and also demonstrate at least a 10-30 fold reduction in CYP3A4 inhibition. Because the compounds of the present invention have significantly reduced CYP3A4 inhibition, they are expected to display low drug-drug interaction liability.
• the compounds of the invention have demonstrated their utility in additional assays utilized to assess the suitability of the compounds as drug candidates.
• the compounds of the invention demonstrate potency in whole cell assays (e.g., in the Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell (HUVEC) assay and the assay measuring histone D3 phosphorylation and induction of polyploidy) and suitable pharmokinetic properties (e.g., oral clearance and oral bioavailability), in vivo efficacy (e.g., Uterine Edema model, rodent flank and orthotopic tumor models), cardiovascular safety, CNS assessments and gastroinstestinal assays.
• HUVEC Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell
• the present invention provides compounds of formula (I)
• R 1 is hydroxyalkyl
• R 2 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, halo, and haloalkoxy;
• R 3 is hydrogen or alkyl.
• Still another embodiment pertains to methods of treating diseases involving mediation, overexpression or disregulation of kinases in a mammal, the methods comprising administering thereto a therapeutically effective amount of a compound having Formula I,
• R 1 is hydroxyalkyl
• R 2 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, halo, and haloalkoxy;
• R 3 is hydrogen or alkyl.
• Another embodiment pertains to methods of treating acoustic neuroma, acute leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia (monocytic, myeloblastic, adenocarcinoma, angiosarcoma, astrocytoma, myelomonocytic and promyelocytic), acute t-cell leukemia, basal cell carcinoma, bile duct carcinoma, bladder cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, bronchogenic carcinoma, cervical cancer, chondrosarcoma, chordoma, choriocarcinoma, chronic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelocytic (granulocytic) leukemia, chronic myleogeneous leukemia, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, craniopharyngioma, cystadenocarcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, dysproliferative changes (dysplasias and metaplasias),
• Another embodiment pertains to methods of treating acoustic neuroma, acute leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia (monocytic, myeloblastic, adenocarcinoma, angiosarcoma, astrocytoma, myelomonocytic and promyelocytic), acute t-cell leukemia, basal cell carcinoma, bile duct carcinoma, bladder cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, bronchogenic carcinoma, cervical cancer, chondrosarcoma, chordoma, choriocarcinoma, chronic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelocytic (granulocytic) leukemia, chronic myleogeneous leukemia, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, craniopharyngioma, cystadenocarcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, dysproliferative changes (dysplasias and metaplasias),
• Another embodiment pertains to methods of treating acoustic neuroma, acute leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia (monocytic, myeloblastic, adenocarcinoma, angiosarcoma, astrocytoma, myelomonocytic and promyelocytic), acute t-cell leukemia, basal cell carcinoma, bile duct carcinoma, bladder cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, bronchogenic carcinoma, cervical cancer, chondrosarcoma, chordoma, choriocarcinoma, chronic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelocytic (granulocytic) leukemia, chronic myleogeneous leukemia, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, craniopharyngioma, cystadenocarcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, dysproliferative changes (dysplasias and metaplasias),
• Another embodiment pertains to methods of treating acoustic neuroma, acute leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia (monocytic, myeloblastic, adenocarcinoma, angiosarcoma, astrocytoma, myelomonocytic and promyelocytic), acute t-cell leukemia, basal cell carcinoma, bile duct carcinoma, bladder cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, bronchogenic carcinoma, cervical cancer, chondrosarcoma, chordoma, choriocarcinoma, chronic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelocytic (granulocytic) leukemia, chronic myleogeneous leukemia, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, craniopharyngioma, cystadenocarcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, dysproliferative changes (dysplasias and metaplasias),
• Another embodiment pertains to methods of treating acoustic neuroma, acute leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia (monocytic, myeloblastic, adenocarcinoma, angiosarcoma, astrocytoma, myelomonocytic and promyelocytic), acute t-cell leukemia, basal cell carcinoma, bile duct carcinoma, bladder cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, bronchogenic carcinoma, cervical cancer, chondrosarcoma, chordoma, choriocarcinoma, chronic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelocytic (granulocytic) leukemia, chronic myleogeneous leukemia, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, craniopharyngioma, cystadenocarcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, dysproliferative changes (dysplasias and metaplasias),
• Another embodiment pertains to methods of treating acoustic neuroma, acute leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia (monocytic, myeloblastic, adenocarcinoma, angiosarcoma, astrocytoma, myelomonocytic and promyelocytic), acute t-cell leukemia, basal cell carcinoma, bile duct carcinoma, bladder cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, bronchogenic carcinoma, cervical cancer, chondrosarcoma, chordoma, choriocarcinoma, chronic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelocytic (granulocytic) leukemia, chronic myleogeneous leukemia, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, craniopharyngioma, cystadenocarcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, dysproliferative changes (dysplasias and metaplasias),
• compositions comprising an excipient and a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I, and a therapeutically effective amount of one additional therapeutic agent or more than one additional therapeutic agent.
• compositions comprising an excipient and a therapeutically effective amount of N-(4- ⁇ 4-amino-7-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl ⁇ phenyl)-N′-(3-fluorophenyl)urea, and a therapeutically effective amount of one additional therapeutic agent or more than one additional therapeutic agent.
• compositions comprising an excipient and a therapeutically effective amount of N-(4- ⁇ 4-amino-7-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl ⁇ phenyl)-N′-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]urea, and a therapeutically effective amount of one additional therapeutic agent or more than one additional therapeutic agent.
• compositions comprising an excipient and a therapeutically effective amount of N-[4-(4-amino-7- ⁇ 1-[(2S)-2-hydroxypropyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl ⁇ thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]-N′-(3-methylphenyl)urea, and a therapeutically effective amount of one additional therapeutic agent or more than one additional therapeutic agent.
• compositions comprising an excipient and a therapeutically effective amount of N-(4- ⁇ 4-amino-7-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl ⁇ phenyl)-N′-(4-methoxyphenyl)urea, and a therapeutically effective amount of one additional therapeutic agent or more than one additional therapeutic agent.
• compositions comprising an excipient and a therapeutically effective amount of a N-[4-(4-amino-7- ⁇ 1-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl ⁇ thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]-N′-(4-methoxyphenyl)urea, and a therapeutically effective amount of one additional therapeutic agent or more than one additional therapeutic agent.
• Still another embodiment pertains to methods of treating diseases involving mediation, overexpression or disregulation of kinases in a mammal, the methods comprising administering thereto a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I, and a therapeutically effective amount of one additional therapeutic agent or more than one additional therapeutic agent alone or in combination with radiotherapy.
• Still another embodiment pertains to methods of treating diseases involving mediation, overexpression or disregulation of kinases in a mammal, the methods comprising administering thereto a therapeutically effective amount of N-(4- ⁇ 4-amino-7-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl ⁇ phenyl)-N′-(3-fluorophenyl)urea, and a therapeutically effective amount of one additional therapeutic agent or more than one additional therapeutic agent alone or in combination with radiotherapy.
• Still another embodiment pertains to methods of treating diseases involving mediation, overexpression or disregulation of kinases in a mammal, the methods comprising administering thereto a therapeutically effective amount of N-(4- ⁇ 4-amino-7-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl ⁇ phenyl)-N′-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]urea, and a therapeutically effective amount of one additional therapeutic agent or more than one additional therapeutic agent alone or in combination with radiotherapy.
• Still another embodiment pertains to methods of treating diseases involving mediation, overexpression or disregulation of kinases in a mammal, the methods comprising administering thereto a therapeutically effective amount of N-[4-(4-amino-7- ⁇ 1-[(2S)-2-hydroxypropyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl ⁇ thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]-N′-(3-methylphenyl)urea, and a therapeutically effective amount of one additional therapeutic agent or more than one additional therapeutic agent alone or in combination with radiotherapy.
• Still another embodiment pertains to methods of treating diseases involving mediation, overexpression or disregulation of kinases in a mammal, the methods comprising administering thereto a therapeutically effective amount of N-(4- ⁇ 4-amino-7-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl ⁇ phenyl)-N′-(4-methoxyphenyl)urea, and a therapeutically effective amount of one additional therapeutic agent or more than one additional therapeutic agent alone or in combination with radiotherapy.
• Still another embodiment pertains to methods of treating diseases involving mediation, overexpression or disregulation of kinases in a mammal, the methods comprising administering thereto a therapeutically effective amount of N-[4-(4-amino-7- ⁇ 1-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl ⁇ thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]-N′-(4-methoxyphenyl)urea, and a therapeutically effective amount of one additional therapeutic agent or more than one additional therapeutic agent alone or in combination with radiotherapy.
• Another embodiment pertains to methods of treating pediatric cancer or neoplasm such as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, pediatric acute myelogenous leukemia, pediatric alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, pediatric anaplastic ependymoma, pediatric anaplastic large cell lymphoma, pediatric anaplastic medulloblastoma, pediatric atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous system, pediatric biphenotypic acute leukemia, pediatric Burkitts lymphoma, pediatric cancers of Ewing's family of tumors such as primitive neuroectodermal rumors, pediatric diffuse anaplastic Wilm's tumor, pediatric favorable histology Wilm's tumor, pediatric glioblastoma, pediatric medulloblastoma, pediatric neuroblastoma, pediatric neuroblastoma-derived myelocytomatosis, pediatric pre-B-cell cancers (such as leukemia), pediatric
• Another embodiment pertains to methods of treating pediatric cancer or neoplasm such as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, pediatric acute myelogenous leukemia, pediatric alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, pediatric anaplastic ependymoma, pediatric anaplastic large cell lymphoma, pediatric anaplastic medulloblastoma, pediatric atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous system, pediatric biphenotypic acute leukemia, pediatric Burkitts lymphoma, pediatric cancers of Ewing's family of tumors such as primitive neuroectodermal rumors, pediatric diffuse anaplastic Wilm's tumor, pediatric favorable histology Wilm's tumor, pediatric glioblastoma, pediatric medulloblastoma, pediatric neuroblastoma, pediatric neuroblastoma-derived myelocytomatosis, pediatric pre-B-cell cancers (such as leukemia), pediatric
• Another embodiment pertains to methods of treating pediatric cancer or neoplasm such as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, pediatric acute myelogenous leukemia, pediatric alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, pediatric anaplastic ependymoma, pediatric anaplastic large cell lymphoma, pediatric anaplastic medulloblastoma, pediatric atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous system, pediatric biphenotypic acute leukemia, pediatric Burkitts lymphoma, pediatric cancers of Ewing's family of tumors such as primitive neuroectodermal rumors, pediatric diffuse anaplastic Wilm's tumor, pediatric favorable histology Wilm's tumor, pediatric glioblastoma, pediatric medulloblastoma, pediatric neuroblastoma, pediatric neuroblastoma-derived myelocytomatosis, pediatric pre-B-cell cancers (such as leukemia), pediatric
• Another embodiment pertains to methods of treating pediatric cancer or neoplasm such as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, pediatric acute myelogenous leukemia, pediatric alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, pediatric anaplastic ependymoma, pediatric anaplastic large cell lymphoma, pediatric anaplastic medulloblastoma, pediatric atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous system, pediatric biphenotypic acute leukemia, pediatric Burkitts lymphoma, pediatric cancers of Ewing's family of tumors such as primitive neuroectodermal rumors, pediatric diffuse anaplastic Wilm's tumor, pediatric favorable histology Wilm's tumor, pediatric glioblastoma, pediatric medulloblastoma, pediatric neuroblastoma, pediatric neuroblastoma-derived myelocytomatosis, pediatric pre-B-cell cancers (such as leukemia), pediatric
• Another embodiment pertains to methods of treating pediatric cancer or neoplasm such as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, pediatric acute myelogenous leukemia, pediatric alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, pediatric anaplastic ependymoma, pediatric anaplastic large cell lymphoma, pediatric anaplastic medulloblastoma, pediatric atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous system, pediatric biphenotypic acute leukemia, pediatric Burkitts lymphoma, pediatric cancers of Ewing's family of tumors such as primitive neuroectodermal rumors, pediatric diffuse anaplastic Wilm's tumor, pediatric favorable histology Wilm's tumor, pediatric glioblastoma, pediatric medulloblastoma, pediatric neuroblastoma, pediatric neuroblastoma-derived myelocytomatosis, pediatric pre-B-cell cancers (such as leukemia), pediatric
• Another embodiment pertains to methods of treating pediatric cancer or neoplasm such as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, pediatric acute myelogenous leukemia, pediatric alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, pediatric anaplastic ependymoma, pediatric anaplastic large cell lymphoma, pediatric anaplastic medulloblastoma, pediatric atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous system, pediatric biphenotypic acute leukemia, pediatric Burkitts lymphoma, pediatric cancers of Ewing's family of tumors such as primitive neuroectodermal rumors, pediatric diffuse anaplastic Wilm's tumor, pediatric favorable histology Wilm's tumor, pediatric glioblastoma, pediatric medulloblastoma, pediatric neuroblastoma, pediatric neuroblastoma-derived myelocytomatosis, pediatric pre-B-cell cancers (such as leukemia), pediatric
• Still another embodiment pertains to N-(4- ⁇ 4-amino-7-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl ⁇ phenyl)-N′-(3-fluorophenyl)urea.
• Still another embodiment pertains to N-(4- ⁇ 4-amino-7-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl ⁇ phenyl)-N′-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]urea.
• Still another embodiment pertains to N-[4-(4-amino-7- ⁇ 1-[(2S)-2-hydroxypropyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl ⁇ thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]-N′-(3-methylphenyl)urea.
• Still another embodiment pertains to N-(4- ⁇ 4-amino-7-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl ⁇ phenyl)-N′-(4-methoxyphenyl)urea.
• Still another embodiment pertains to N-[4-(4-amino-7- ⁇ 1-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl ⁇ thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]-N′-(4-methoxyphenyl)urea.
• Still another embodiment pertains to a compound of formula I, and therapeutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, esters, amides, salts of prodrugs, salts of esters, and salts of amides thereof.
• Still another embodiment pertains to N-(4- ⁇ 4-amino-7-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl ⁇ phenyl)-N′-(3-fluorophenyl)urea, and therapeutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, esters, amides, salts of prodrugs, salts of esters, and salts of amides thereof.
• Still another embodiment pertains to N-(4- ⁇ 4-amino-7-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl ⁇ phenyl)-N′-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]urea, and therapeutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, esters, amides, salts of prodrugs, salts of esters, and salts of amides thereof.
• Still another embodiment pertains to N-[4-(4-amino-7- ⁇ 1-[(2S)-2-hydroxypropyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl ⁇ thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]-N′-(3-methylphenyl)urea, and therapeutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, esters, amides, salts of prodrugs, salts of esters, and salts of amides thereof.
• Still another embodiment pertains to N-(4- ⁇ 4-amino-7-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl ⁇ phenyl)-N′-(4-methoxyphenyl)urea, and therapeutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, esters, amides, salts of prodrugs, salts of esters, and salts of amides thereof.
• Still another embodiment pertains to N-[4-(4-amino-7- ⁇ 1-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl ⁇ thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)urea, and therapeutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, esters, amides, salts of prodrugs, salts of esters, and salts of amides thereof.
• Variable moieties of compounds herein are represented by identifiers (capital letters with numerical and/or alphabetical superscripts) and may be specifically embodied.
• variable moiety may be the same or different as another specific embodiment having the same identifier.
• alkoxy refers to an alkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.
• alkyl refers to a group derived from a straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon containing from one to ten carbon atoms.
• halo and “halogen,” as used herein, refer to F, Cl, Br, or I.
• haloalkoxy refers to a haloalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.
• haloalkyl refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, substituted with at least one halogen, as defined herein.
• hydroxy refers to a —OH group.
• hydroxyalkyl refers to an alkyl group substituted with at least one hydroxy group.
• KDR means kinase insert domain receptor (a type III receptor tyrosine kinase) and is also known as FLK1, VEGFR, VEGFR2, and CD309.
• VEGFR vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
• PDGFR platelet-derived growth factor receptor
• Compounds of this invention may contain asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms in the R or S configuration, wherein the terms “R” and “S” are as defined in Pure Appl. Chem. (1976) 45, 13-10.
• Compounds having asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms with equal amounts of R and S configurations are racemic at those atoms. Atoms having excess of one configuration over the other are assigned the configuration in excess, preferably an excess of about 85%-90%, more preferably an excess of about 95%-99%, and still more preferably an excess greater than about 99%. Accordingly, this invention is meant to embrace racemic mixtures and relative and absolute diastereoisomers of the compounds thereof.
• Compounds of this invention may also contain carbon-carbon double bonds or carbon-nitrogen double bonds in the E or Z configuration, wherein the term “E” represents higher order substituents on opposite sides of the carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen double bond and the term “Z” represents higher order substituents on the same side of the carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen double bond as determined by the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Priority Rules.
• the compounds of this invention may also exist as a mixture of “E” and “Z” isomers.
• Compounds of this invention may also exist as tautomers or equilibrium mixtures thereof wherein a proton of a compound shifts from one atom to another.
• tautomers include, but are not limited to, keto-enol, phenol-keto, oxime-nitroso, nitro-aci, imine-enamine and the like.
• prodrug-forming moieties may have attached thereto prodrug-forming moieties.
• the prodrug-forming moieties are removed by metabolic processes and release the compounds having the freed NH, C(O)OH, OH or SH in vivo.
• Prodrugs are useful for adjusting such pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds as solubility and/or hydrophobicity, absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, bioavailability, tissue penetration, and rate of clearance.
• Metabolites of compounds of this invention produced by in vitro or in vivo metabolic processes may also have utility for treating diseases associated with overexpression or disregulation of protein kinases.
• Certain precursor compounds which may be metabolized in vitro or in vivo to form compounds of this invention may also have utility for treating diseases associated with overexpression or disregulation of protein kinases.
• Compounds of this invention may exist as acid addition salts, basic addition salts or zwitterions. Salts of compounds having Formula I are prepared during their isolation or following their purification. Acid addition salts are those derived from the reaction of a compound of this invention with acid.
• salts including the acetate, adipate, alginate, bicarbonate, citrate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate (besylate), bisulfate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, digluconate, formate, fumarate, glycerophosphate, glutamate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, lactobionate, lactate, maleate, mesitylenesulfonate, methanesulfonate, naphthylenesulfonate, nicotinate, oxalate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, phosphate, picrate, propionate, succinate, tartrate, thiocyanate, trichloroacetic, trifluoroacetic, para-toluenesulfonate and undecan
• Compounds having Formula I may be administered, for example, bucally, ophthalmically, orally, osmotically, parenterally (intramuscularly, intraperintoneally intrasternally, intravenously, subcutaneously), rectally, topically, transdermally, vaginally and intraarterially as well as by intraarticular injection, infusion, and placement in the body, such as, for example, the vasculature.
• Therapeutically effective amounts of a compound having Formula I depend on recipient of treatment, disease treated and severity thereof, composition comprising it, time of administration, route of administration, duration of treatment, potency, rate of clearance and whether or not another drug is co-administered.
• the amount of a compound having Formula I used to make a composition to be administered daily to a patient in a single dose or in divided doses is from about 0.03 to about 200 mg/kg body weight.
• Single dose compositions contain these amounts or a combination of submultiples thereof.
• Excipients include, but are not limited to, encapsulators and additives such as absorption accelerators, antioxidants, binders, buffers, coating agents, coloring agents, diluents, disintegrating agents, emulsifiers, extenders, fillers, flavoring agents, humectants, lubricants, perfumes, preservatives, propellants, releasing agents, sterilizing agents, sweeteners, solubilizers, wetting agents, mixtures thereof and the like.
• encapsulators and additives such as absorption accelerators, antioxidants, binders, buffers, coating agents, coloring agents, diluents, disintegrating agents, emulsifiers, extenders, fillers, flavoring agents, humectants, lubricants, perfumes, preservatives, propellants, releasing agents, sterilizing agents, sweeteners, solubilizers, wetting agents, mixtures thereof and the like.
• Excipients for preparation of compositions comprising a compound having Formula Ito be administered orally include, but are not limited to, agar, alginic acid, aluminum hydroxide, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, 1,3-butylene glycol, carbomers, castor oil, cellulose, cellulose acetate, cocoa butter, corn starch, corn oil, cottonseed oil, cross-povidone, diglycerides, ethanol, ethyl cellulose, ethyl laureate, ethyl oleate, fatty acid esters, gelatin, germ oil, glucose, glycerol, groundnut oil, hydroxypropylmethyl celluose, isopropanol, isotonic saline, lactose, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium stearate, malt, mannitol, monoglycerides, olive oil, peanut oil, potassium phosphate salts, potato starch, povidone, propylene glycol, Ring
• Excipients for preparation of compositions comprising a compound having Formula Ito be administered ophthalmically or orally include, but are not limited to, 1,3-butylene glycol, castor oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, ethanol, fatty acid esters of sorbitan, germ oil, groundnut oil, glycerol, isopropanol, olive oil, polyethylene glycols, propylene glycol, sesame oil, water, mixtures thereof and the like.
• Excipients for preparation of compositions comprising a compound having Formula I to be administered osmotically include, but are not limited to, chlorofluorohydrocarbons, ethanol, water, mixtures thereof and the like.
• Excipients for preparation of compositions comprising a compound having Formula Ito be administered parenterally include, but are not limited to, 1,3-butanediol, castor oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, dextrose, germ oil, groundnut oil, liposomes, oleic acid, olive oil, peanut oil, Ringer's solution, safflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, U.S.P. or isotonic sodium chloride solution, water, mixtures thereof and the like.
• Excipients for preparation of compositions comprising a compound having Formula Ito be administered rectally or vaginally include, but are not limited to, cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol, wax, mixtures thereof and the like.
• Compounds having Formula I are expected to be useful when used with alkylating agents, angiogenesis inhibitors, antibodies, antimetabolites, antimitotics, antiproliferatives, aurora kinase inhibitors, other apoptosis promoters (for example, Bcl-xL, Bcl-w and Bfl-1) inhibitors, Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors, BiTE (Bi-Specific T cell Engager) antibodies, biologic response modifiers, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, cell cycle inhibitors, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, DVD's, leukemia viral oncogene homolog (ErbB2) receptor inhibitors, growth factor inhibitors, heat shock protein (HSP)-90 inhibitors, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, hormonal therapies, immunologicals, inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAP's) intercalating antibiotics, kinase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin
• a BiTE antibody is a bi-specific antibody that directs T-cells to attach cancer cells by simultaneously binding the two cells. The T-cell then attacks the target cancer cell.
• Exemplary BiTE antibodies include adecatumumab (Micromet MT201), blinatumomab (Micromet MT103) and the like.
• SiRNA's are molecules having endogenous RNA bases or chemically modified nucleotides. The modifications shall not abolish cellular activity, but rather impart increased stability and/or increased cellular potency. Examples of chemical modifications include phosphorothioate groups, 2′-deoxynucleotide, 2′-OCH 3 -containing ribonucleotides, 2′-F-ribonucleotides, 2′-methoxyethyl ribonucleotides or a combination thereof.
• the siRNA can have varying lengths (10-200 bps) and structures (hairpins, single/double strands, bulges, nicks/gaps, mismatches) and processed in the cell to provide active gene silencing.
• a double-stranded siRNA can have the same number of nucleotides on each strand (blunt ends) or asymmetric ends (overhangs).
• the overhang of 1-2 nucleotides can be present on the sense and/or the antisense strand, as well as present on the 5′- and/or the 3′- ends of a given strand.
• Multivalent binding proteins are binding proteins comprising two or more antigen binding sites.
• the multivalent binding protein is preferably engineered to have the three or more antigen binding sites and is generally not a naturally occurring antibody.
• the term “multispecific binding protein” means a binding protein capable of binding two or more related or unrelated targets.
• Dual variable domain (DVD) binding proteins are tetravalent or multivalent binding proteins binding proteins comprising two or more antigen binding sites.
• DVDs may be monospecific, i.e., capable of binding one antigen or multispecific, i.e., capable of binding two or more antigens.
• DVD binding proteins comprising two heavy chain DVD polypeptides and two light chain DVD polypeptides are referred to as DVD Ig.
• Each half of a DVD Ig comprises a heavy chain DVD polypeptide, a light chain DVD polypeptide, and two antigen binding sites.
• Each binding site comprises a heavy chain variable domain and a light chain variable domain with a total of 6 CDRs involved in antigen binding per antigen binding site.
• Alkylating agents include altretamine, AMD-473, AP-5280, apaziquone, bendamustine, brostallicin, busulfan, carboquone, carmustine (BCNU), chlorambucil, CLORETAZINE® (laromustine, VNP 40101M), cyclophosphamide, decarbazine, estramustine, fotemustine, glufosfamide, ifosfamide, KW-2170, lomustine (CCNU), mafosfamide, melphalan, mitobronitol, mitolactol, nimustine, nitrogen mustard N-oxide, ranimustine, temozolomide, thiotepa, TREANDA® (bendamustine), treosulfan, rofosfamide and the like.
• Angiogenesis inhibitors include endothelial-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (Tie-2) inhibitors, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, insulin growth factor-2 receptor (IGFR-2) inhibitors, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) inhibitors, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) inhibitors, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) inhibitors, thrombospondin analogs, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (VEGFR) inhibitors and the like.
• Tie-2 endothelial-specific receptor tyrosine kinase
• EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
• IGFR-2 insulin growth factor-2 receptor
• MMP-2 matrix metalloproteinase-2
• MMP-9 matrix metalloproteinase-9
• PDGFR platelet-derived growth factor receptor
• VEGFR vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine
• Antimetabolites include ALIMTA® (metrexed disodium, LY231514, MTA), 5-azacitidine, XELODA® (capecitabine), carmofur, LEUSTAT® (cladribine), clofarabine, cytarabine, cytarabine ocfosfate, cytosine arabinoside, decitabine, deferoxamine, doxifluridine, eflornithine, EICAR (5-ethynyl-1- ⁇ -D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide), enocitabine, ethnylcytidine, fludarabine, 5-fluorouracil alone or in combination with leucovorin, GEMZAR® (gemcitabine), hydroxyurea, ALKERAN® (melphalan), mercaptopurine, 6-mercaptopurine riboside, methotrexate, mycophenolic acid, nelara
• Aurora kinase inhibitors include AZD-1152, MLN-8054, VX-680 and the like.
• Bcl-2 proteins inhibitors include AT-101 (( ⁇ )gossypol), GENASENSE® (G3139 or oblimersen (Bcl-2-targeting antisense oligonucleotide)), IPI-194, IPI-565, N-(4-(4-((4′-chloro(1,1′-biphenyl)-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoyl)-4-(((1R)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyl)amino)-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide) (ABT-737), N-(4-(4-((2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-1-cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzoyl)-4-(((1R)-3-(morpholin-4-yl)-1-((pheny
• Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors include DASATINIB® (BMS-354825), GLEEVEC® (imatinib) and the like.
• CDK inhibitors include AZD-5438, BMI-1040, BMS-032, BMS-387, CVT-2584, flavopyridol, GPC-286199, MCS-5A, PD0332991, PHA-690509, seliciclib (CYC-202, R-roscovitine), ZK-304709 and the like.
• COX-2 inhibitors include ABT-963, ARCOXIA® (etoricoxib), BEXTRA® (valdecoxib), BMS347070, CELEBREX® (celecoxib), COX-189 (lumiracoxib), CT-3, DERAMAXX® (deracoxib), JTE-522, 4-methyl-2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-1-(4-sulfamoylphenyl-1H-pyrrole), MK-663 (etoricoxib), NS-398, parecoxib, RS-57067, SC-58125, SD-8381, SVT-2016, S-2474, T-614, VIOXX® (rofecoxib) and the like.
• EGFR inhibitors include ABX-EGF, anti-EGFR immunoliposomes, EGF-vaccine, EMD-7200, ERBITUX® (cetuximab), HR3, IgA antibodies, IRESSA® (gefitinib), TARCEVA® (erlotinib or OSI-774), TP-38, EGFR fusion protein, TYKERB® (lapatinib) and the like.
• ErbB2 receptor inhibitors include CP-724-714, CI-1033 (canertinib), HERCEPTIN® (trastuzumab), TYKERB® (lapatinib), OMNITARG® (2C4, petuzumab), TAK-165, GW-572016 (ionafarnib), GW-282974, EKB-569, PI-166, dHER2 (HER2 vaccine), APC-8024 (HER-2 vaccine), anti-HER/2neu bispecific antibody, B7.her2IgG3, AS HER2 trifunctional bispecfic antibodies, mAB AR-209, mAB 2B-1 and the like.
• Histone deacetylase inhibitors include depsipeptide, LAQ-824, MS-275, trapoxin, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), TSA, valproic acid and the like.
• HSP-90 inhibitors include 17-AAG-nab, 17-AAG, CNF-101, CNF-1010, CNF-2024, 17-DMAG, geldanamycin, IPI-504, KOS-953, MYCOGRAB® (human recombinant antibody to HSP-90), NCS-683664, PU24FC1, PU-3, radicicol, SNX-2112, STA-9090 VER49009 and the like.
• Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins include ApoMab (a fully human affinity-matured IgG1 monoclonal antibody), antibodies that target TRAIL or death receptors (e.g., pro-apoptotic receptor agonists DR4 and DR5), conatumumab, ETR2-ST01, GDC0145, (lexatumumab), HGS-1029, LBY-135, PRO-1762 and tratuzumab.
• ApoMab a fully human affinity-matured IgG1 monoclonal antibody
• antibodies that target TRAIL or death receptors e.g., pro-apoptotic receptor agonists DR4 and DR5
• conatumumab e.g., ETR2-ST01, GDC0145, (lexatumumab), HGS-1029, LBY-135, PRO-1762 and tratuzumab.
• MEK inhibitors include ARRY-142886, ARRY-438162 PD-325901, PD-98059 and the like.
• mTOR inhibitors include AP-23573, CCI-779, everolimus, RAD-001, rapamycin, temsirolimus and the like.
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs include AMIGESIC® (salsalate), DOLOBID® (diflunisal), MOTRIN® (ibuprofen), ORUDIS® (ketoprofen), RELAFEN® (nabumetone), FELDENE® (piroxicam), ibuprofen cream, ALEVE® (naproxen) and NAPROSYN® (naproxen), VOLTAREN® (diclofenac), INDOCIN® (indomethacin), CLINORIL® (sulindac), TOLECTIN® (tolmetin), LODINE® (etodolac), TORADOL® (ketorolac), DAYPRO® (oxaprozin) and the like.
• PDGFR inhibitors include C-451, CP-673, CP-868596 and the like.
• Platinum chemotherapeutics include cisplatin, ELOXATIN® (oxaliplatin) eptaplatin, lobaplatin, nedaplatin, PARAPLATIN® (carboplatin), satraplatin and the like.
• Polo-like kinase inhibitors include BI-2536 and the like.
• Thrombospondin analogs include ABT-510, ABT-567, TSP-1 and the like.
• VEGFR inhibitors include AVASTIN® (bevacizumab), ABT-869, AEE-788, ANGIOZYMETM (a ribozyme that inhibits angiogenesis (Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals (Boulder, Colo.) and Chiron, (Emeryville, Calif.)), axitinib (AG-13736), AZD-2171, CP-547,632, IM-862, MACUGEN (pegaptamib), NEXAVAR® (sorafenib, BAY43-9006), pazopanib (GW-786034), vatalanib (PTK-787, ZK-222584), SUTENT® (sunitinib, SU-11248), VEGF trap, ZACTIMATM (vandetanib, ZD-6474) and the like.
• Antibiotics include intercalating antibiotics aclarubicin, actinomycin D, amrubicin, annamycin, adriamycin, BLENOXANE® (bleomycin), daunorubicin, CAELYX® or MYOCET® (liposomal doxorubicin), elsamitrucin, epirbucin, glarbuicin, ZAVEDOS® (idarubicin), mitomycin C, nemorubicin, neocarzinostatin, peplomycin, pirarubicin, rebeccamycin, stimalamer, streptozocin, VALSTAR® (valrubicin), zinostatin and the like.
• Topoisomerase inhibitors include aclarubicin, 9-aminocamptothecin, amonafide, amsacrine, becatecarin, belotecan, BN-80915, CAMPTOSAR® (irinotecan hydrochloride), camptothecin, CARDIOXANE® (dexrazoxine), diflomotecan, edotecarin, ELLENCE® or PHARMORUBICIN® (epirubicin), etoposide, exatecan, 10-hydroxycamptothecin, gimatecan, lurtotecan, mitoxantrone, orathecin, pirarbucin, pixantrone, rubitecan, sobuzoxane, SN-38, tafluposide, topotecan and the like.
• Antibodies include AVASTIN® (bevacizumab), CD40-specific antibodies, chTNT-1/B, denosumab, ERBITUX® (cetuximab), HUMAX-CD4® (zanolimumab), IGF1R-specific antibodies, lintuzumab, PANOREX® (edrecolomab), RENCAREX® (WX G250), RITUXAN® (rituximab), ticilimumab, trastuzimab and the like.
• Hormonal therapies include ARIMIDEX® (anastrozole), AROMASIN® (exemestane), arzoxifene, CASODEX® (bicalutamide), CETROTIDE® (cetrorelix), degarelix, deslorelin, DESOPAN® (trilostane), dexamethasone, DROGENIL®, (flutamide), EVISTA® (raloxifene), AFEMATM (fadrozole), FARESTON® (toremifene), FASLODEX® (fulvestrant), FEMARA® (letrozole), formestane, glucocorticoids, HECTOROL® (doxercalciferol), RENAGEL® (sevelamer carbonate), lasofoxifene, leuprolide acetate, MEGACE® (megesterol), MIFEPREX® (mifepristone), NILANDRONTM (nilutamide), NOLVADEX® (tamoxifen
• Deltoids and retinoids include seocalcitol (EB1089, CB1093), lexacalcitrol (KH1060), fenretinide, PANRETIN® (aliretinoin), ATRAGEN® (liposomal tretinoin), TARGRETIN® (bexarotene), LGD-1550 and the like.
• PARP inhibitors include ABT-888, olaparib, KU-59436, AZD-2281, AG-014699, BSI-201, BGP-15, INO-1001, ONO-2231 and the like.
• Plant alkaloids include, but are not limited to, vincristine, vinblastine, vindesine, vinorelbine and the like.
• Proteasome inhibitors include VELCADE® (bortezomib), MG132, NPI-0052, PR-171 and the like.
• immunologicals include interferons and other immune-enhancing agents.
• Interferons include interferon alpha, interferon alpha-2a, interferon alpha-2b, interferon beta, interferon gamma-1a, ACTIMMUNE® (interferon gamma-1b), or interferon gamma-n1, combinations thereof and the like.
• agents include ALFAFERONE®, (IFN- ⁇ ), BAM-002 (oxidized glutathione), BEROMUN® (tasonermin), BEXXAR® (tositumomab), CAMPATH® (alemtuzumab), CTLA4 (cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4), decarbazine, denileukin, epratuzumab, GRANOCYTE® (lenograstim), lentinan, leukocyte alpha interferon, imiquimod, MDX-010 (anti-CTLA-4), melanoma vaccine, mitumomab, molgramostim, MYLOTARGTM (gemtuzumab ozogamicin), NEUPOGEN® (filgrastim), OncoVAC-CL, OVAREX® (oregovomab), pemtumomab (Y-muHMFG1), PROVENGE® (sipuleucel-T), sargaramostim, sizo
• Biological response modifiers are agents that modify defense mechanisms of living organisms or biological responses, such as survival, growth, or differentiation of tissue cells to direct them to have anti-tumor activity and include include krestin, lentinan, sizofuran, picibanil PF-3512676 (CpG-8954), ubenimex and the like.
• Pyrimidine analogs include cytarabine (ara C or Arabinoside C), cytosine arabinoside, doxifluridine, FLUDARA® (fludarabine), 5-FU (5-fluorouracil), floxuridine, GEMZAR® (gemcitabine), TOMUDEX® (ratitrexed), TROXATYLTM (triacetyluridine troxacitabine) and the like.
• Purine analogs include LANVIS® (thioguanine) and PURI-NETHOL® (mercaptopurine).
• Antimitotic agents include batabulin, epothilone D (KOS-862), N-(2-((4-hydroxyphenyl)amino)pyridin-3-yl)-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide, ixabepilone (BMS 247550), paclitaxel, TAXOTERE® (docetaxel), PNU100940 (109881), patupilone, XRP-9881 (larotaxel), vinflunine, ZK-EPO (synthetic epothilone) and the like.
• Radiotherapy examples include external beam radiotherapy, teletherapy, brachtherapy and sealed, unsealed source radiotherapy and the like.
• compounds having Formula I may be combined with other chemptherapeutic agents such as ABRAXANETM (ABI-007), ABT-100 (farnesyl transferase inhibitor), ADVEXIN® (Ad5CMV-p53 vaccine), ALTOCOR® or MEVACOR® (lovastatin), AMPLIGEN® (poly I:poly C12U, a synthetic RNA), APTOSYN® (exisulind), AREDIA® (pamidronic acid), arglabin, L-asparaginase, atamestane (1-methyl-3,17-dione-androsta-1,4-diene), AVAGE® (tazarotene), AVE-8062 (combreastatin derivative) BEC2 (mitumomab), cachectin or cachexin (tumor necrosis factor), canvaxin (vaccine), CEAVAC® (cancer vaccine), CELEUK® (celmoleukin), CEPLENE® (histamine dihydroch
• Active Aurora B enzyme (recombinant residues 1-344) and INCENP (recombinant GST fusion protein (Upstate)) were incubated in wells of a 384 well plate with biotinylted histone H3 peptide residues 1-21 (Upstate), 1 mM ATP, and various concentrations of inhibitors in a HEPES buffer, pH 7.4 containing MgCl 2 , sodium othrovanadate, and Triton X-100. After 1 hour, the reaction was stopped with EDTA and anti-phospho-histone H3 Europium Cryptate (Cis-Bio) and SA-APC (Phycolink, Prozyme) were added to detect the phosphopeptide.
• Cis-Bio anti-phospho-histone H3 Europium Cryptate
• SA-APC Physicallink, Prozyme
• the amount of phosphorylation was determined by the time-resolved fluorescence ratio of signals at 665 nm and 615 nm.
• the IC 50 's were calculated by an exponential fit of the inhibition values with the inhibitor concentrations using Assay Explorer software.
• HTRF time-resolved fluorescence
• KDR For example for KDR, cKIT, FLT1, CSF1R and FTL3, purified enzyme was mixed with 0.5 ⁇ M N-biotinylated substrate (Biotin-Ahx-AEEEYFFLA-amide (SEQ. ID. 1)), various concentrations of inhibitor in reaction buffer (50 mM HEPES, pH 7.1, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 2 mM MnCl 2 , 0.1% BSA and 1 mM DTT, 40 ⁇ L final volume), ATP (1 mM final conc.) in a black 384-well plate.
• reaction buffer 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.1, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 2 mM MnCl 2 , 0.1% BSA and 1 mM DTT, 40 ⁇ L final volume
• ATP 1 mM final conc.
• reaction was quenched by addition of a buffered EDTA solution (final approximate concentrations: 30 mM EDTA, 0.1% BSA, 0.1% Triton X-100 and 0.24M KF) and a solution of revelation agents (to give 0.084 ng/well streptavidin-XL-665 (Cis-Bio) and 6.5 ng/well antiphsophotyrosine mAb PT66-K Europium kryptate) was added to the reaction mixture.
• a buffered EDTA solution final approximate concentrations: 30 mM EDTA, 0.1% BSA, 0.1% Triton X-100 and 0.24M KF
• revelation agents to give 0.084 ng/well streptavidin-XL-665 (Cis-Bio) and 6.5 ng/well antiphsophotyrosine mAb PT66-K Europium kryptate
• the quenched reaction was allowed to stand at room temperature for 3 hours and was then read in a time-resolved fluorescence detector (InVision, Perkin-Elmer) at 620 nm and 665 nm sequentially with excitation. The ratio between the signal of 620 nm and 665 nm was used in the calculation of the IC 50 .
• Table 2 and Table 3 demonstrate the utility of Examples 1-6 as inhibitors of multiple kinases.
• Assays (200 ⁇ L final volume) were carried out in NUNC polypropylene deep well plates in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, using a microtiter plate shaker in a 37° C. incubator. Pooled human liver microsomes (BD Gentest, 50 ⁇ g/mL) were incubated with 5 concentrations of test compound (from 0.1 ⁇ M to 10 ⁇ M), 1 mM NADPH (Sigma), and 2 ⁇ M midazolam (Sigma). A constant amount of dimethylsulfoxide (1%) was added to the incubations with the test compounds, and each analysis was performed in duplicate.
• BD Gentest 50 ⁇ g/mL
• Pre preincubation experiments
• Co coincubation experiments
• the compounds, microsomes, and midazolam were mixed and the reaction initiated by addition of NADPH to the wells.
• the complete reaction was terminated after 10 minutes of shaking by addition of 100 ⁇ L of a 1/1 mixture of acetonitrile and methanol containing 0.33 ⁇ M 1-hydroxytriazolam.
• the ratio of 1-hydroxymidazolam (CYP 3A4 product) and the internal standard at each concentration of compound was used to calculate the % inhibition of activity relative to the ratio calculated for control incubations without inhibitor. In the absence of NADPH, no hydroxylation of midazolam was observed.
• Ketoconazole was used as a standard inhibitor, which at 0.1 ⁇ M produces 70-80% inhibition of CYP 3A4.
• the IC 50 (the concentration at which 50% of the enzyme is inhibited) was calculated for Examples 1-5 and Example 6 (described as EXAMPLE 703 in WO 2005/10009) and is shown in Table 4 below.
• Compounds described as having low CYP inhibition or as not inhibiting CYP are those compounds with an IC 50 of >10 ⁇ M in the above assay.
• the compound of this invention inhibits the activity of Aurora-kinase B, it could also have utility as an inhibitor of protein kinases having close structural homology thereto, such as, for example, Aurora-kinase A and Aurora-kinase C.
• Example 1 This data demonstrates the utility of Example 1 as an inhibitor of Aurora-kinase A and Aurora-kinase B and Aurora-kinase C.
• compounds of this invention are expected to have utility in treatment of diseases during which protein kinases such as any or all Aurora-kinase family members are expressed.
• Aurora-A/STK-15 is a Predictive Factor for Recurrent Behaviour in Non-Invasive Bladder Carcinoma: A Study Of 128 Cases of Non-Invasive Neoplasms. Virchows Arch 2007; 450:419-24; Fraizer G. C., Diaz M. F., Lee I. L., Grossman H. B., Sen S. Aurora-A/STK15/BTAK Enhances Chromosomal Instability in Bladder Cancer Cells. Int. J. Oncol.
• the Putative Serine/Threonine Kinase Gene STK15 on Chromosome 20q13.2 is Amplified In Human Gliomas. Oncol. Rep. 2003; 10:1275-9; Klein A., Reichardt W., Jung V., Zang K. D., Meese E., Urbschat S. Overexpression and Amplification of STK15 Inhuman Gliomas. Int. J. Oncol. 2004; 25:1789-94; and Mau K., Korshunov A., Benner A., et al. Microarray Based Screening for Molecular Markers Nmedulloblastoma Revealed STK15 as Independent Predictor for Survival. Cancer Res 2004; 64:3103-11.
• Zhao X. Li F. C., Li Y. H., et al. [Mutation of p53 and Overexpression Of STK15 in Laryngeal Squamous-Cell Carcinoma].
• Protecting groups for C(O)OH moieties include, but are not limited to, acetoxymethyl, allyl, benzoylmethyl, benzyl, benzyloxymethyl, tert-butyl, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl, diphenylmethyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopropyl, diphenylmethylsilyl, ethyl, para-methoxybenzyl, methoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl, methyl, methylthiomethyl, naphthyl, para-nitrobenzyl, phenyl, n-propyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, triethylsilyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl, triphenylmethyl and the like.
• Protecting groups for C(O) and C(O)H moieties include, but are not limited to, 1,3-dioxylketal, diethylketal, dimethylketal, 1,3-dithianylketal, O-methyloxime, O-phenyloxime and the like.
• Protecting groups for NH moieties include, but are not limited to, acetyl, alanyl, benzoyl, benzyl (phenylmethyl), benzylidene, benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz), tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc), 3,4-dimethoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, diphenylmethyl, diphenylphosphoryl, formyl, methanesulfonyl, para-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, phenylacetyl, phthaloyl, succinyl, trichloroethoxycarbonyl, triethylsilyl, trifluoroacetyl, trimethylsilyl, triphenylmethyl, triphenylsilyl, para-toluenesulfonyl and the like.
• Protecting groups for OH and SH moieties include, but are not limited to, acetyl, allyl, allyloxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz), benzoyl, benzyl, tert-butyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl, diphenylmethyl, formyl, methanesulfonyl, methoxyacetyl, 4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, para-methoxybenzyl, methoxycarbonyl, methyl, para-toluenesulfonyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, triethylsilyl, trifluoroacetyl, 2-
• ADDP means 1,1′-(azodicarbonyl)dipiperidine; AD-mix- ⁇ means a mixture of (DHQD) 2 PHAL, K 3 Fe(CN) 6 , K 2 CO 3 and K 2 SO 4 ); AIBN means 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile); 9-BBN means 9-borabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane; Cp means cyclopentadiene; (DHQD) 2 PHAL means hydroquinidine 1,4-phthalazinediyl diethyl ether; DBU means 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene; DIBAL means diisobutylaluminum hydride; DIEA means diisopropylethylamine; DMAP means N,N-dimethylaminopyridine; DME means 1,2-dimethoxyethane; DMF means N,N-dimethylformamide; dmpe means 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino
• reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, then partitioned between ethyl acetate and water.
• the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate and the combined organics were dried (using MgSO 4 ), filtered and the filtrate was concentrated.
• the residue was purified via silica gel chromatography eluting with 50 to 70% ethyl acetate-hexanes to give crude tert-butyl 4-(4-aminothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl)phenylcarbamate.
• the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate (2 ⁇ 75 mL) and the combined organics were washed with sodium thiosulfate (3 ⁇ 20 mL) and brine (50 mL), and then dried (using MgSO 4 ), filtered, and concentrated.
• the crude material was treated with TFA (20 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2 (5 mL), stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, concentrated under a stream of nitrogen, then concentrated in vacuo.
• the solid was dissolved in water (100 mL), carefully treated with solid Na 2 CO 3 until gas evolution ceased and filtered, washing with additional water.
• the solid collected was dried to provide the title compound as a solid (contaminated by ca. 10% mole PPh 3 ).
• the filtrate was concentrated, then purified by chromatography on an Analogix® IntelliflashTM purification system using a SF60-200 g column at a flow rate of 80 mL/min, eluting as follows: 5 minutes at 20% ethyl acetate/hexanes, then ramped from 40% to 90% ethyl acetate/hexanes over 35 minutes, then 100% ethyl acetate for another 20 minutes, to provide the title compound.
• EXAMPLE 1A (6 g, 16.34 mmol), EXAMPLE 1B (4.8 g, 20.16 mmol), PdCl 2 (dppf) (1.2 g, 1.640 mmol) and sodium carbonate (4.6 g, 43.4 mmol) were combined in tetrahydrofuran (400 mL), methanol (80 mL) and water (80 mL), and the reaction was degassed by bubbling N 2 through the mixture for 1 hour. The reaction was then heated to 80° C. for 2 hours, then allowed to cool and diluted with 300 mL ethyl acetate.
• EXAMPLE 1C (2 g, 5.69 mmol) was dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (80 ml) and the flask was chilled in a ⁇ 20° C. bath. 1-fluoro-3-isocyanatobenzene (0.715 ml, 6.26 mmol) was added dropwise and the reaction was allowed to warm slowly to room temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction was diluted with water (500 mL) and ethyl acetate (75 mL) and stirred to digest for 1 hour. The mixture was then placed in a separatory funnel. After the layers were allowed to separate, the lower aqueous layer was drained off. Near the interface of the two layers there was a significant amount of precipitate.
• Example 6 is described as EXAMPLE 703 in WO 2005/10009.

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