US20090202567A1 - Oligonucleotides or their functional homologues, a composition comprising the same and a method of treating b cell neoplasm - Google Patents

Oligonucleotides or their functional homologues, a composition comprising the same and a method of treating b cell neoplasm Download PDF

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US20090202567A1
US20090202567A1 US11/914,744 US91474406A US2009202567A1 US 20090202567 A1 US20090202567 A1 US 20090202567A1 US 91474406 A US91474406 A US 91474406A US 2009202567 A1 US2009202567 A1 US 2009202567A1
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cell
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oligonucleotides
neoplastic cells
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Li-ying Wang
Mu-sheng Bao
Young-li Yu
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Changchun Huapu Biotechnology Co Ltd
Changchun Biotechnology C Ltd a Corp
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    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7088—Compounds having three or more nucleosides or nucleotides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H21/00—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
    • C07H21/04—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with deoxyribosyl as saccharide radical
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    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
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    • C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
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    • C12N2310/17—Immunomodulatory nucleic acids
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    • C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/30—Chemical structure
    • C12N2310/31—Chemical structure of the backbone
    • C12N2310/313—Phosphorodithioates
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    • C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/30—Chemical structure
    • C12N2310/31—Chemical structure of the backbone
    • C12N2310/315—Phosphorothioates

Definitions

  • the present invention provides nine oligonucleotides with the sequences as shown in SEQ ID NO:1 to 9, or their functional homologues, a composition comprising the same and a method for treating B-cell neoplasm using the oligonucleotides by inducing apoptosis of B cell neoplastic cells, up-regulating CD40 on B cell neoplastic cells and by stimulating B cell neoplastic cells to produce IL-10.
  • the oligonucleotides or their functional homologues can be used individually or together, or be used in combination with chemotherapeutics, immunotherapeutics and radiation to treat B cell neoplasm.
  • lymphoid malignancies are grouped into three major classes: B-cell neoplasm, T-cell/natural killer (NK)-cell neoplasm and Hodgkin's lymphomas.
  • the B-cell neoplasm is further divided into two groups: precursor B-cell neoplasm and peripheral B-cell neoplasm.
  • Precursor B-cell neoplasm includes precursor B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B cell-acute lymphoblastic leukemia, B-ALL)/lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL).
  • Peripheral B-cell neoplasm includes B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), small lymphocytic lymphoma, B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, lympho plasmacytic lymphoma/immunocytoma, Mantle cell lymphoma, Follicular lymphoma, cutaneous follicular lymphoma, extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type, nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (+/ ⁇ monocytoid B-cells), splenic marginal zone lymphoma (+/ ⁇ villous lymphocytes), hairy cell leukemia, plasmacytoma/plasma cell myeloma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, mediastinal (thymic) large B cell lymphoma, intravascular large B-cell lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma.
  • B-CLL B-cell chronic
  • B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia B-CLL
  • B-ALL B cell-acute lymphoblastic/lymphocytic leukemia
  • the B-CLL cells express CD19, CD5 and CD23 (Nicholas Chiorazzi, M.D., et al. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:804-15).
  • the B-ALL cells express CD19 and CD10 markers.
  • Small lymphocytic lymphoma is a B cell neoplasm.
  • the small lymphocytic lymphoma cells express CD19, CD5 and CD23 (Catherine Thieblemont, et al. Blood. 2004; 103:2727-2737).
  • CD40 expressed on the cell surface of normal B lymphocytes and dentritic cells, is a member of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family.
  • CD40L CD154
  • T lymohocytes is a member of tumor necrosis factor family (Castle B E, et al. J Immunol 1993; 151: 1777-1788).
  • Interaction of CD40L and CD40 promotes the proliferation, differentiation and antigen presentation of B lymphocytes, dendritic cells and monocytes (Ranheim E A, et al. J Exp Med 1993; 177: 925-935; Yellin M J, et al. J Immunol 1994; 153: 666-674; Banchereau J, et al. Annu Rev Immunol 1994; 12: 881-922; M. von Bergwelt-Baildon M S, et al. Blood 2002; 99: 3319-3325).
  • CD40 also expresses on the B cell neoplastic cells. It has been demonstrated that enhancing the CD40 expression promotes the apoptosis of B cell neoplastic cells (Peter Chu, et al. PNAS, Mar. 19, 2002, vol. 99, no: 6 3854-3859; Frank Dicker, et al. BLOOD, 15 Apr. 2005 Volume 105, Number 8: 3193-3198).
  • B cell neoplastic cells were reported to enhance the antigenicity of B cell neoplastic cells and consequently fostered the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) specific to the cells.
  • CTL cytotoxic T lymphocyte
  • the CTL can efficiently kill B cell neoplastic cells (Dilloo D, et al. Blood. 1997; 90:1927-1933; Kato K, et al. J Clin Invest. 1998; 101:1133-1141; Wierda W G, et al. Blood. 2000; 96:2917-2924; Takahashi S, et al. Hum Gene Ther. 2001; 12:659-670; Takahashi S, et al. Cancer Gene Ther. 2001; 8:378-387).
  • CD40 expressing B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells can be killed by CD4 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Frank Dicker, et al. Blood, 15 Apr. 2005 Vol 105, Num 8: 3193-3198). Interaction of D40L and CD40 on cells of Burkett's lymphoma could promote the cell to present tumor antigens to specific CTLs (Khanna, R. et al. 1997. J. Immunol. 159:5782).
  • B-CLL B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  • the anti-tumor immunity includes but not limits to the following:
  • Interleukin-10 is a homodimer cytokine produced by certain T cell cells, monocytes, macrophages and some of neoplastic cells developed from B cells, T cells or NK cells (Kitabayashi et al., 1995; Masood et al., 1995; Sjoberg et al., 1996; Beatty et al., 1997; Boulland et al., 1998; Jones et al., 1999). IL-10 activity is mediated by its specific cell surface receptor expressed on antigen-presenting cells, lymphocytes B-cell and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells.
  • B-CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  • IL-10 interleukin-10 receptor expression on B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Blood, Vol 89, No 11 (June 1), 1997: pp 4146-4152).
  • IL-10 was also reported to inhibit the proliferation of B-CLL cells and enhance the apoptosis of B-CLL cells (Anne-Catherine Fluckiger, Isabelle Durand, and Jacques Banchereau. Interleukin 10 Induces Apoptotic Cell Death of B-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells. J. Exp. Med.
  • the present invention provides nine oligonucleotides also designated as Oligo1, Oligo3, Oligo4, Oligo5, Oligo6, Oligo7, Oligo8, Oligo9, Oligo10 with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 respectively and their functional homologues.
  • the oligonucleotides or their functional homologues can have a phosphate backbone modification that is a phosphorothioate or phosphorodithioate modification partial or complete.
  • the oligonucleotides or their functional homologues can have chemical modifications or have substitutions with rare bases.
  • the oligonucleotides or their functional homologues can be functional parts of any other DNA fragments or be cloned into a plasmid, bacterial vector, viral vector or DNA vaccine respectively.
  • the oligonucleotides with the sequences of the SEQ ID NO:1-9 can be modified by adding one or more bases (preferable 1 to 10 bases) to their each end or by changing one to more bases in them.
  • oligonucleotides with the sequences of SEQ ID NO:1-9 or their functional homologues individually or together, or to use DNA fragments comprising the oligonucleotides with the sequences (SEQ ID NO:1-9) respectively to achieve the object of the present invention based on the well-knowledge in the art and the teaching of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a method for treatment of B cell neoplasm by using the oligonucleotides or their functional homologues of the present invention individually or together or by using the composition comprising the same in a subject.
  • the subject is a human or animal.
  • the B cell neoplasm includes but not limited to B cell leukemia, B cell lymphoma and myeloma.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating B cell neoplasm using the oligonucleotides or their functional homologues of the present invention individually or together or using the composition comprising the same by inducing the apoptosis of B cell neoplastic cells.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating B cell neoplasm using the oligonucleotides or their functional homologues of the present invention individually or together or using the composition comprising the same by up-regulating CD40 on B-cell neoplastic cells.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating B cell neoplasm using the oligonucleotides or their functional homologues of the present invention individually or together or using the composition comprising the same by stimulating B-cell neoplastic cells to produce IL-10.
  • the present invention provides a composition comprising therapeutically effective amount of the oligonucleotides or their functional homologues of the present invention alone or in/with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
  • the composition is administered through enteral, parenteral and topical administration or by inhalation.
  • the present invention provides a method for the treatment of B cell neoplasm, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the oligonucleotides or their functional homologues of the present invention individually or together or a composition comprising the same or with at least one of anti-B cell neoplasm agents including chemotherapeutics, immunotherapeutics and the agents used in radiotherapy.
  • FIG. 1 The Effect of the Oligonucleotides on the Up-Regulation of CD40 on B-CLL Cells
  • the B-CLL cells were incubated with or without the oligonucleotides for 7 days and then were stained with FITC-CD40 antibody for analysis of CD40 expression using flow cytometry. The expression level was indicated with MFI number.
  • FIG. 2 The Effect of Oligonucleotides on the Up-Regulation of CD40 on Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Cells
  • the small lymphocytic lymphoma cells were incubated with or without the oligonucleotides. On day 7, the cells were stained with FITC-CD40 antibody for analysis of CD40 expression using flow cytometry. The expression level was indicated with MFI number.
  • FIG. 3 The Effect of the Oligonucleotides on the Proliferation of Normal Human PBMC
  • the normal human PBMCs were cultured with or without the oligonucleotides and then incorporated with [ 3 H] thymidine for determining the proliferation of the cells.
  • the proliferation of cells was expressed as cpm.
  • oligonucleotide means multiple nucleotides (i.e. molecules comprising a sugar (e.g. deoxyribose) linked to a phosphate group and to an exchangeable organic base). There are four organic bases cytosine (C), thymine (T), adenine (A) and guanine (G).
  • C cytosine
  • T thymine
  • A adenine
  • G guanine
  • the oligonucleotide can be synthesized by an automated oligonucleotide synthesizer available in the market or be prepared from existing nucleic acid sequences using known techniques.
  • a “back bone modification” of oligonucleotide shall mean that an oligonucleotide can have a phosphorothioate modified phosphate backbone (i.e. at least one of the oxygens of the phosphate is replaced by sulfur) or other modified backbone.
  • a “chemical modification” of oligonucleotide shall mean the modification by utilizing the active groups of the nucleotide or creating nucleotide analogues. The modifications can occur either during or after synthesis of the oligonucleotide. During the synthesis, modified bases (including but not limited to Thymidine analogues) can be incorporated internally or on the 5′ end. After the synthesis, the modification can be carried out using the active groups (via an amino modifier, via the 3′ or 5′ hydroxyl groups, or via the phosphate group).
  • B cell neoplasm shall mean diseases developed from the abnormal proliferation of the cells of B lymphocyte lineage.
  • the B cell neoplasm can be grouped into B cell leukemia, B cell lymphoma and myeloma (plasmacytoma/plasma cell myeloma).
  • B cell leukemia includes B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), precursor B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia, B-ALL), B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia and hairy cell leukemia.
  • B cell lymphoma includes small lymphocytic lymphoma, lympho plasmacytic lymphoma/immunocytoma, Mantle cell lymphoma, Follicular lymphoma, cutaneous follicular lymphoma, extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type, nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (+/ ⁇ monocytoid B-cells), splenic marginal zone lymphoma (+/ ⁇ villous lymphocytes), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, mediastinal (thymic) large B cell lymphoma, intravascular large B-cell lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma.
  • a “subject” shall mean a mammal including but not limited to human, monkey, dog, cat, horse, cow, pig, goat, sheep, mouse and rat.
  • the oligonucleotides of the present invention can be administered to a subject with B cell neoplasm.
  • an “anti-B cell neoplasm agent” shall mean a agent used to treat B cell neoplasm in a subject.
  • the agent includes the oligonucleotides of the present invention, chemotherapeutics, immunotherapeutics and the agents used in radiotherapy.
  • the oligonucleotides of the present invention can be administered prior to, along with or after administration of one or more other anti-B cell neoplasm agents to achieve synergistic effect in treating a B cell neoplasm.
  • chemotherapeutics shall mean the chemotherapeutics that treat B cell neoplasm in combination with the oligonucleotides of the present invention.
  • the oligonucleotides of the present invention can be used with one or more chemotherapeutics in the treatment of B cell neoplasm.
  • the chemotherapeutics include, but not limited to alkylating agents such as cyclophosphamide or chlorambucil, vinca alkaloids (e.g., vincristine and vinblastine), procarbazine, methotrexate, prednisone, anthracycline, L-asparaginase, purine analogs (e.g., fludarabine monophosphate, 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine and pentostatin), cytosine, arabinoside, cisplatin, etoposide and ifosfamide.
  • the oligonucleotides of the present invention can also be used with one or more chemotherapeutic combinations in the chemotherapy.
  • the combinations include, but not limited to CVP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone), CHOP (CVP and doxorubicin), C-MOPP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone and procarbazine), CAP-BOP (CHOP plus procarbazine and bleomycin), m-BACOD (CHOP plus methotrexate, bleomycin and leucovorin), ProMACE-MOPP (prednisone, methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide and leucovorin plus standard MOPP), ProMACE-CytaBOM (prednisone, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, cytarabine, bleomycin, vincristine, methotrexate and leucovorin), MACOP-B (methotrexate, doxorubic
  • MOPP mechlethamine (nitrogen mustard), vincristine (Oncovin), procarbazine and prednisone), ABVD (e.g., adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine), ChlVPP (chlorambucil, vinblastine, procarbazine and prednisone), CABS (lomustine, doxorubicin, bleomycin and streptozotocin), MOPP plus ABVD, MOPP plus ABV (doxorubicin, bleomycin and vinblastine) or BCVPP (carmustine, cyclophosphamide, vinblastine, procarbazine and prednisone) and CAP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and prednisone).
  • ABVD e.g., adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine
  • ChlVPP chlorambucil,
  • the “immunotherapeutics” shall mean the immunotherapeutics that treat B cell neoplasm in combination with the oligonucleotides of the present invention.
  • the oligonucleotides of the present invention can be used with one or more immunotherapeutics in the treatment of B cell neoplasm.
  • the immunotherapeutics include, but not limited to anti-CD20 antibodies.
  • the CD20 antibody includes immunoglobulins and its fragments that are specifically reactive with a CD20 protein on cell surface of B cell neoplastic cells.
  • CD20 antibodies can be polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antibodies, bi-specific antibodies and humanized antibodies.
  • CD20 is a B-cell membrane protein (Tedder et al., Immunology Today 15: 450-454 (1994)) and is expressed on both normal and neoplastic B-cell (John C. Byrd, et al. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19: 2165-2170; Huhn D, et al. Blood 2001, 98: 1326-1331).
  • a “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” denotes one or more solid or liquid filler, diluents or encapsulating substances that are suitable for administering the oligonucleotides of the present invention to a subject.
  • the carrier can be organic, inorganic, natural or synthetic.
  • the carrier includes any and all solutions, diluents, solvents, dispersion media, liposome, emulsions, coatings, antibacterial and anti-fungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and any other carrier suitable for administering the oligonucleotides of the present invention and their use is well known in the art.
  • the “therapeutically effective amount” of the oligonucleotides of the present invention shall refer to a dose used to achieve a desired result of treating B cell neoplasm in a subject.
  • the dose can be determined by standard techniques well known to those skilled in the art and can vary depending the factors including, but not limited to the size or/and overall health of the subject or the severity of the disease. Introduction of the oligonucleotides of the invention can be carried out as a single treatment or over a series of treatments.
  • Subject doses of the oligonucleotides of the present invention for the administration range from about 1 ⁇ g to 100 mg per administration. However, doses for the treatment of B cell neoplasm may be used in a range of 10 to 1,000 times higher than the doses described above. The dosage regimen can be adjusted to provide the optimum therapeutic effect by those skilled in the art.
  • the “route” of administering the oligonucleotides of the present invention shall mean the enteral, parenteral and topical administration or inhalation.
  • enteral as used herein includes oral, gastric, intestinal and rectal administration.
  • parenteral includes intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, rectal or vaginal administration.
  • topical denotes the application of the oligonucleotides externally to the epidermis, to the buccal cavity and into the ear, eye and nose.
  • a “pharmaceutical composition” shall mean the composition containing an therapeutically effective amount of the oligonucleotides with or without a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the composition includes but not limited to aqueous or saline solutions, particles, aerosols, pellets, granules, powders, tablets, coated tablets, (micro) capsules, suppositories, syrups, emulsions, suspensions, creams, drops and other pharmaceutical compositions suitable for use in a variety of drug delivery systems.
  • the compositions are suitable for injection, oral, buccal, rectal and vaginal use, inhalation and application in depot. In all cases, the composition must be sterile and stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and preserved against the microbial contamination.
  • the composition will include aqueous solutions or dispersions and powders for the extemporaneous preparation of injectable solutions or dispersion.
  • “Powder” in this invention refers to a composition that contains finely dispersed solid particles containing the oligonucleotides.
  • the powder may be formulated with other pharmaceutically accepted carriers (e.g., water, PBS, saline and other pharmaceutically accepted buffers) before use.
  • the solutions can be prepared by incorporating the oligonucleotides in one or more appropriate solvents and other required ingredients.
  • Dispersions can be prepared by incorporating the oligonucleotides into a vehicle, which contains a dispersion medium (e.g, glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols and oils) and the other required ingredients.
  • a dispersion medium e.g, glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols and oils
  • the composition will be formulated with edible carriers to form tablets, pills, dragees, capsules, liquids, gels, syrups, slurries, suspensions and the like.
  • buccal administration the composition will be tablets or lozenges in conventional manner.
  • the composition will be an aerosol spray from pressurized packs or a nebulizer or a dry powder and can be selected by one of skill in the art.
  • the oligonucleotides may also be formulated as pharmaceutical acceptable compositions for rectal or vaginal applications and for depot application.
  • the oligonucleotides in the composition can be used alone or in combination with one or more other agents including but not limited to chemotherapeutics, immunotherapeutics and a ligand recognized by a specific receptor or molecule of target cell.
  • the oligonucleotides in combination with another agent can be separate compositions and used as the following: (1) the oligonucleotides are mixed with a second agent before administration; (2) the oligonucleotides and a second agent are administered to a subject at different times; (3) the oligonucleotides and a second agent are administered to different sites of a subject.
  • the composition may contain plasmid, bacterial vectors, viral vectors and nucleic acid vaccines carrying the sequence of the oligonucleotides of the present invention.
  • Oligo 1 5′-TCgACgTTCgTCgTTCgTCgTTCgTCgTTC-3′ (indicated in the SEQ ID NO:2)
  • Oligo 3 5′-TCggCACgCgACgTgCTggCCgTCgTTTCC-3′ (indicated in the SEQ ID NO:3)
  • Oligo 4 5′-TCgTCgTCgTCgTTgTCgTTgggg-3′ (indicated in the SEQ ID NO:4)
  • Oligo 5 5′-TCgTTgCCgTCgg-3′ (indicated in the SEQ ID NO:5)
  • Oligo 6 5′-TCgTCgggTgCgACgTCgCAgggggg-3′ (indicated in the SEQ ID NO:6)
  • Oligo 7 5′-TCgTCgggTgCgATCgcAgggggg-3′ (indicated in the SEQ ID NO:)
  • Oligo 8 5′-TCgTCgggTgCATCgATgCAgggggg-3′
  • oligonucleotides were synthesized in Sangon Biotech Company (Shanghai, China), tested for endotoxin by using the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay (Associates of Cape Cod, Inc) and manipulated in pyrogen-free reagents.
  • 2006 J Immunol 2000: 164: 1617
  • 2216 is another well studied oligonucleotide that induces high amounts of type I interferon in plasmacytoid dendritic cells.
  • the methods for synthesizing the oligonucleotide are well known for those skilled in the art and among others, solid-phase synthesis is generally used.
  • the solid support used is controlled pore glass (CPG) bead. This bead has a surface with holes and channels and it is in these that the protected nucleotide is attached.
  • CPG controlled pore glass
  • the oligonucleotide synthesis begins with the 3′-most nucleotide and proceeds through a series of cycles composed of five steps that are repeated until the 5′-most nucleotide is attached. These steps are deprotection, activation, coupling, capping and stabilization.
  • the protective group in the protected nucleoside attached to a CPG (controlled pore glass) bead is removed by trichloroacetic acid (TCA) leaving a reactive 5′-hydroxyl group.
  • the tetrazolyl phosphoramidite intermediate reacts with the hydroxyl group of the recipient and the 5′ to 3′ linkage is formed.
  • the tetrazole is reconstituted and the process continues.
  • an acetylating reagent composed of acetic anhydride and N-methyl imidazole is used to block the reactive hydroxyl group on its 5′-most end of the oligonucleotide to avoid of coupling failure.
  • the last step in the cycle is oxidation which stabilizes the phosphate linkage between the growing oligonucleotide chain and the most recently added base. This step is carried out in the presence of Iodine as a mild oxidant in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water.
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • the cycle is repeated for each nucleotide in the sequence.
  • the single stranded DNA molecule is purified by methods such as HAP, PAGE, HPLC, C18 and OPC.
  • PBMCs Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
  • CD5+CD19+CD23+ B-CLL cells in PBMCs were purified using B-cell isolation kit (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) to >95% of CD5+CD19+ CD23+cells (B-CLL cells). The cell preparation was performed under the guidance of Miltenyi Biotec.
  • the B-CLL cells were incubated with Oligo1, Oligo3, Oligo4, Oligo5, Oligo6, Oligo7, Oligo8, Oligo9, Oligo10, 2006 or 2216 respectively at a final concentration of 3 ⁇ g/ml in 10% human AB serum RPMI 1640 medium (HyClone) at 10 6 cells/well in a 48-well plate.
  • the oligonucleotides were diluted in serum free RPMI 1640 medium (HyClone).
  • TMRE tetramethyl-rhodamine ethylester
  • the B-CLL cells were incubated with Oligo1, Oligo3, Oligo4, Oligo5, Oligo6, Oligo7, Oligo8, Oligo9, Oligo10, 2006 or 2216 respectively at a final concentration of 3 ⁇ g/ml in 10% human AB serum RPMI 1640 medium (HyClone) at 10 6 cells/well in a 48-well plate.
  • the oligonucleotides were diluted in serum free RPMI 1640 medium (HyClone).
  • the up-regulation of CD40 promotes the apoptosis of B-CLL cells, induces the growth inhibition of B-CLL cells and renders the B-CLL cells more immunogenic to stimulate the generation of CTLs specific to B-CLL cells.
  • the experiment was repeated with at least ten blood samples from B-CLL patients with similar results.
  • the small lymphocytic lymphoma cells were isolated from the biopsy tissue of lymph node from patients (The First Hospital, Jilin University, China) with small lymphocytic lymphoma (pathologically identified) after obtaining written informed consent approved.
  • the biopsy tissue was minced by rough surface glass slides to release the cells into 5 ml of 10% human AB serum RPMI 1640 medium (HyClone) in a 6 cm culture plate.
  • the released cells were filtered through stainless steel mesh and collected into a 50 ml conical tube containing 15 ml serum free RPMI 1640 media. The tube was centrifuged at 300 ⁇ g for 10 minutes and then the supernatant was discarded.
  • CD5+CD19+CD23+ small lymphocytic lymphoma cells were purified using B-cell isolation kit (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) to >95% of CD5+CD19+ CD23+cells (small lymphocytic lymphoma cells). The cell preparation was performed under the guidance of Miltenyi Biotec.
  • the small lymphocytic lymphoma cells were incubated with Oligo1, Oligo3, Oligo4, Oligo5, Oligo6, Oligo7, Oligo8, Oligo9, Oligo10, 2006 or 2216 respectively at a final concentration of 3 ⁇ g/ml in 10% human AB serum RPMI 1640 medium (HyClone) at 10 6 cells/well in a 48-well plate.
  • the oligonucleotides were diluted in serum free RPMI 1640 medium (HyClone).
  • TMRE tetramethyl-rhodamine ethylester
  • the TMRE positive (viable) and TMRE-negative (apoptotic) small lymphocytic lymphoma cells were determined by flow cytometry (B.D. FACS Aria). Viable small lymphocytic lymphoma cell number was calculated by multiplying total cell count with the TMRE-positive cell percentage at each time point.
  • Human small lymphocytic lymphoma cells were isolated from patients with the procedures as described in example 4.
  • the small lymphocytic lymphoma cells were incubated with Oligo1, Oligo3, Oligo4, Oligo5, Oligo6, Oligo7, Oligo8, Oligo9, Oligo10, 2006 or 2216 respectively at a final concentration of 3 ⁇ g/ml in 10% human AB serum RPMI 1640 medium (HyClone) at 10 6 cells/well in a 48-well plate.
  • the oligonucleotides were diluted in serum free RPMI 1640 medium (HyClone).
  • oligonucleotides significantly up-regulate the expression of CD40 on small lymphocytic lymphoma cells, indicating that the oligonucleotides can be used to treat small lymphocytic lymphoma through the up-regulation of CD40 on the cells.
  • the up-regulation of CD40 promotes the apoptosis of small lymphocytic lymphoma cells, induces the growth inhibition of small lymphocytic lymphoma cells and renders the small lymphocytic lymphoma cells more immunogenic to stimulate the generation of CTLs specific to small lymphocytic lymphoma cells. The experiment was repeated with five samples with similar results.
  • PBMCs Blood samples from untreated B-ALL (pathologically identified) patients (The First Hospital, Jilin University, China) were drawn after obtaining written informed consent approved.
  • PBMCs were isolated by Ficoll-Paque (Pharmacia) density gradient centrifugation.
  • CD19+CD10+ B-ALL cells in PBMCs were purified using B-cell isolation kit (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) to >95% of CD19+CD10+ cells (B-ALL cells). The cell preparation was performed under the guidance of Miltenyi Biotec.
  • the B-ALL cells were incubated with Oligo1, Oligo3, Oligo4, Oligo5, Oligo6, Oligo7, Oligo8, Oligo9, Oligo10, 2006 or 2216 respectively at a final concentration of 3 ⁇ g/ml in 10% human AB serum RPMI 1640 medium (HyClone) at 10 6 cells/well in a 48-well plate.
  • the oligonucleotides were diluted in serum free RPMI 1640 medium (HyClone).
  • An equal volume of the dilute (serum free RPMI 1640 medium (HyClone)) was used as a control (Medium).
  • TMRE tetramethyl-rhodamine ethylester
  • the TMRE positive (viable) and TMRE-negative (apoptotic) B-ALL cells were determined by flow cytometry (B.D. FACS Aria). Viable B-ALL cell number was calculated by multiplying total cell count with the TMRE-positive cell percentage at each time point.
  • Human B-ALL cells were prepared from the blood samples of patients with the procedures as described in example 6.
  • the B-ALL cells were incubated with or without the Oligo1, Oligo3, Oligo4, Oligo5, Oligo6, Oligo7, Oligo8, Oligo9, Oligo10, 2006 or 2216 respectively at a final concentration of 3 ⁇ g/ml in 10% human AB serum RPMI 1640 medium (HyClone) at 10 6 cells/well in a 48-well plate.
  • the oligonucleotides were diluted in serum free RPMI 1640 medium (HyClone).
  • An equal volume of the dilute (serum free RPMI 1640 medium (HyClone)) was used as a control (Medium).
  • the up-regulation of CD40 promotes the apoptosis of B-ALL cells, induces the growth inhibition of B-ALL cells and renders the B-ALL cells more immunogenic to stimulate the generation of CTLs specific to B-ALL cells.
  • the B-CLL cells were culture with or without the Oligo1, Oligo3, Oligo4, Oligo5, Oligo6, Oligo7, Oligo8, Oligo9, Oligo10 respectively at a final concentration of 3 ⁇ g/ml in serum-free RPMI 1640 medium (HyClone) at 10 6 cells/well in a 48-well plate in triplicates.
  • the oligonucleotides were diluted in serum free RPMI 1640 medium (HyClone).
  • the culture supernatants were collected at 24 h or the indicated time points and assessed for IL-10 in Fluorokine MAP Immunoarray (R&D Systems) system.
  • Our data showed that triggering with the oligonucleotides led to the production of a high level of IL-10 from B-CLL cells (Table-5).
  • our data further showed that adding exogenous rh-IL-10 (Schering Corp) into B-CLL cell cultures induced apoptotic B-CLL cells in an IL-10 dose-dependent manner, which could be specifically blocked by anti-IL-10 antibody (R & D Systems).
  • Human PBMCs were isolated from buffy coats of normal blood donors (The Blood Center of Jilinzhou, China) by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation (Pharmacia). The viability of the PBMCs was 95-99% as determined by trypan blue exclusion.
  • the PBMCs (6 ⁇ 10 5 /well) were plated in 96-well U-bottomed plates (Costar) and cultured with or without the Oligo1, Oligo3, Oligo4, Oligo5, Oligo6, Oligo7, Oligo8, Oligo9, Oligo10, 2006 or 2216 respectively at a final concentration of 6 ⁇ g/ml in triplicates for 36 h, followed by pulsing with [ 3 H] thymidine (New England Nuclear, Boston, Mass.) for 16 h. The cells were harvested on glass fiber filters and detected in a scintillation counter. The cell proliferation was expressed as cpm (counts per minute) (from triplet wells). Data from five normal blood samples are shown. 2006 and 2216 were used in controls.

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