US20090165986A1 - Method and device for producing a metal strip by continuous casting - Google Patents

Method and device for producing a metal strip by continuous casting Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090165986A1
US20090165986A1 US12/302,326 US30232607A US2009165986A1 US 20090165986 A1 US20090165986 A1 US 20090165986A1 US 30232607 A US30232607 A US 30232607A US 2009165986 A1 US2009165986 A1 US 2009165986A1
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Prior art keywords
strand
milling
accordance
casting
machine
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US12/302,326
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English (en)
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Jürgen Seidel
Peter Sudau
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SMS Siemag AG
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Assigned to SMS DEMAG AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SMS DEMAG AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SUDAU, PETER, SEIDEL, JURGEN
Publication of US20090165986A1 publication Critical patent/US20090165986A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/1206—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for plastic shaping of strands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/02—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling heavy work, e.g. ingots, slabs, blooms, or billets, in which the cross-sectional form is unimportant ; Rolling combined with forging or pressing
    • B21B1/026—Rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
    • B21B1/463—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a continuous process, i.e. the cast not being cut before rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of producing a metal strip using continuous casting, a strand, preferably a thin strand, being initially cast in a casting machine and being diverted from vertical downward travel to horizontal travel, and, in the travel direction of the strand, the strand being subjected, downstream of the casting machine, to a milling operation in a milling machine in which at least one surface of the strand is milled off and preferably two opposing surfaces are milled off.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a apparatus for producing a metal strip using continuous casting.
  • Descaling, grinding, or milling are options for surface machining.
  • Descaling suffers from the disadvantage that the material removed cannot be melted down again without further preparation due to its high oxygen content.
  • metal splinters mix with the grinding wheel dust so that the abraded material must be disposed of. Both methods are difficult to adapt to the prevailing transport speed.
  • Milling is therefore the primary type of surface machining used.
  • the hot milled cuttings are collected and can be packetized and re-melted with no problem and without further preparation, and can be re-introduced into the production process in this manner.
  • the inventive method and the associated apparatus therefore apply primarily to milling.
  • a method and a apparatus of the above-described type are known that have a milling operation that takes place, or a milling machine that is disposed, downstream of a continuous-casting system. See CH 584 085 [U.S. Pat. No. 4,047,468] and DE 199 50 886.
  • DE 197 17 200 shows another embodiment of a surface milling machine. It describes, inter alia, the variability of the milling contour of the milling apparatus that is provided downstream of the continuous-casting system or upstream of a rolling train.
  • EP 0 790 093 [U.S. Pat. No. 4,436,937]
  • EP 1 213 076 [U.S. Pat. No. 6,195,859]
  • EP 1 213 077 [U.S. Pat. No. 6,192,564] suggest another arrangement of an in-line milling machine in a conventional hot-strip mill for machining a rough strip and the embodiment of this arrangement.
  • JP 1031 4908 describes descaling the continuous cast strip downstream of the casting machine.
  • Surface machining and the apparatuses associated therewith are not limited to thin strands, but rather can also be used in-line downstream of a conventional thick strand casting system and with strands that are cast with a thickness of more than 120 mm to up to 300 mm.
  • the underlying object of the invention is therefore to improve a method and an apparatus of the above-described type such that an improved production process or machining process can occur with high efficiency.
  • This should include in particular optimizing with a focus on the required addition of heat into the casting strand and into the production process, and also and in particular as concerns the rolling process that follows casting.
  • the invention uses a method characterized in that the strand is milled as a first mechanical machining step after the strand has been diverted to horizontal travel, the strand being cast with a thickness of at least 50 mm and the strand being cast with a mass flow, as the product of casting speed and strand thickness, of at least 350 m/min ⁇ mm.
  • the strand is cast with a mass flow—as the product of casting speed and strand thickness—of at least 280 m/min ⁇ mm, the material for the strand being a high-strength material having a carbon content of C>0.3%, silicon steel, or micro-alloyed steel. With these materials the mass flow is thus 20% less than described above.
  • the strand is preferably milled immediately after the strand is diverted to horizontal travel.
  • the strand can also be milled after the strand is diverted to horizontal travel and has passed through a thermal equalization section and/or an oven.
  • At least one surface parameter of the strand can be measured and the machining parameters during milling can be set as a function of the one measured surface parameter. Milling depth preferably is carried out as a function of the measured surface parameter. Moreover, as a function of the measured surface parameter, at least one milling cutter of the milling machine can be bent about a horizontal axis that is perpendicular to its longitudinal axis.
  • the strand can be cleaned prior to the measurement of the surface parameter.
  • the strand is milled in the milling machine such that the strand upper face and the strand lower face are milled off at the same location in the travel direction.
  • the strand is milled in the milling machine such that the strand upper face and the strand lower face are milled at two successive locations in the travel direction.
  • the apparatus for producing a metal strip using continuous casting having a casting machine in which a strand, preferably a thin strand, is cast, at least one milling machine being provided downstream of the casting machine in the travel direction of the strand, in which milling machine at least one surface of the strand, preferably two opposing surfaces, can be milled off, is inventively embodied such that in the travel direction upstream and/or downstream of the milling machine means are provided with which at least one surface parameter of the strand can be measured, setting means being present with which at least one milling cutter of the cutting machine can be displaced as a function of the measured surface parameter.
  • setting means can be embodied for adjusting the milling depth of the milling cutter. It is also possible for the setting means to be embodied for actuating the milling cutter with a bending moment about a horizontal axis that is perpendicular to the milling-cutter longitudinal axis. This results in advantages that will be described in greater detail later.
  • the means for measuring at least one surface parameter can include a camera for determining the depth of cracks on the strand surface. Furthermore, the means for measuring can permit the geometric shape of the strand to be determined across its width transverse to the travel direction.
  • the means for measuring at least one surface parameter can be provided immediately downstream of the milling machine. They can also be provided downstream of a finishing train that is disposed downstream, in the travel direction, of the milling machine. It has furthermore proven useful when the means for measuring are provided downstream of a cooling section that is disposed downstream, in the travel direction, of the milling machine.
  • high-quality strands result when the milling machine, or where necessary, even a different surface machining unit, is provided downstream of the casting system, in that surface flaws are removed by milling.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of an apparatus for producing a metal strip using continuous casting in which a milling machine, a roughing train, a heater, a finishing train, and a cooling section are connected to a casting machine;
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the invention, alternative to FIG. 1 , in which the milling machine is provided downstream of an oven and upstream of a finishing train and a cooling section;
  • FIG. 3 shows the upstream area of the apparatus in accordance with FIGS. 1 and 2 in accordance with another alternative embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a part of the apparatus in accordance with FIGS. 1 and 2 in accordance with another alternative embodiment, measuring means and setting means being provided that can be used to influence the milling process;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the progression of the casting errors over the casting speed
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of the progression of the milling depth during milling of the strand over strand length or over time
  • FIG. 7 is a front elevational view of a milling cutter being subjected to a bending moment.
  • FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for producing a metal strip 1 using continuous casting.
  • the corresponding strand 3 is continuously cast in a casting machine 2 in a known manner.
  • the strand 3 is preferably a thin strand.
  • the cast strand is diverted or bent in a known manner from its vertical travel V to horizontal travel H.
  • a profile measurement and surface inspection can occur using means 8 for measuring.
  • the surface quality of the strand and its geometric configuration can be determined.
  • a milling machine 4 Connected to the means 8 in the travel direction F is a milling machine 4 in which the strand 3 can be milled off on its upper and lower faces.
  • the strand 3 is milled as the first mechanical machining step after the strand 3 is diverted to horizontal travel H at high casting speed. It is specially provided here that the strand 3 is milled immediately after it is diverted to horizontal travel H.
  • the strand 3 is cast with a thickness of at least 50 mm.
  • a value of at least 350 m/min ⁇ mm has proven itself. The cooperation between these process parameters and the milling of the strand that takes place very far upstream results in great advantages in terms of attainable strand quality and efficiency during finishing.
  • a roughing train 12 is connected downstream of the milling machine 4 . It is followed by an oven 13 , here an inductive heater. After a descaler 14 , the strand travels into a finishing train 9 . A cooling section 10 is provided downstream thereof in the travel direction F.
  • the system shown in FIG. 1 is particularly well suited for continuous rolling of the strand 3 . Integrating casting and rolling results in a more economical process and more favorable thermal efficiency in the system at high casting speed.
  • the alternative system shown in FIG. 2 is constructed similarly and is particularly well suited for combined continuous or alternatively discontinuous rolling.
  • the unit 8 measures the profile and inspects its surface. This is followed by a holding oven or a closed roller conveyor unit 15 .
  • the oven 13 here an inductive heater, is immediately downstream thereof.
  • a milling machine 4 is provided upstream of the finishing train 9 for the purpose of optimizing temperature, it being possible to provide inductive heaters 16 between the individual roller units thereof.
  • the cooling section 10 again follows in the travel direction F.
  • the solution in accordance with FIG. 3 is distinguished from those of FIGS. 1 and 2 in that the milling machine 4 is not situated immediately after where the cast strand 3 has been bent (apart from the measuring means 8 , which are also provided in this case), but rather in that the strand 3 is first guided through a thermal equalization or temperature stabilizing unit 5 in the form of a closed roller conveyor assembly.
  • the two milling cutters 6 of the milling machine 4 are provided one above the other and machine the strand 3 on the upper and lower faces simultaneously, driver rollers 21 and guide plates 22 upstream and downstream of the milling cutters apportion the milling reduction between the strand upper face and the strand lower face using appropriate vertical adjustment of the two elements.
  • the system shown in FIG. 3 is particularly suitable for finishing thicker strands by means of high-speed casting, use for thin strands by no means being precluded, however.
  • the insulation for the roller conveyor is provided as close as possible downstream of the casting machine 2 and upstream of the milling machine 4 .
  • the milling process can occur in the milling machine 4 in a closed control loop, depending on milling parameters.
  • the strand 3 travels from an oven 13 into the milling machine 4 , the means 8 for profile measuring and/or surface inspection being provided upstream of the milling machine.
  • the strand 3 is again machined, i.e. milled, on its upper and lower faces in the milling machine 4 , machining occurring however on the upper and on the lower faces at two locations that are somewhat spaced from one another in the travel direction F.
  • the milling cutters 6 cooperate with support rollers 17 .
  • Measuring means 8 are again provided downstream of the milling machine 4 . After the surface machining, the high-temperature strand 3 travels into a finishing train 9 , measuring means 8 again being provided downstream thereof.
  • the means 8 can have elements for optically determining the strip shape (ski), which is indicated at reference 8 ′ for the means 8 farthest upstream in the travel direction. They can also have strand profile and temperature measuring elements.
  • FIG. 4 further shows a controller 18 operating with or without feedback and that receives the measurement values from the measuring means 8 as input variables, in addition to the set points for the milling amounts for the upper face and strand lower face.
  • controller 18 operating with or without feedback and that receives the measurement values from the measuring means 8 as input variables, in addition to the set points for the milling amounts for the upper face and strand lower face.
  • milling amount that is considered, i.e. the depth of the roller-like milling cutters 6 , that defines the quantity of the material to be removed from the strand 3 . This can occur separately and differently for the upper face and the bottom, as a function of the measured values.
  • the amount to be milled off derives from the surface inspection of the strand, cracks and the geometric shape being primary factors. A different reduction (depth) along the length of the strand can result from this.
  • the computed milling wear is also taken into account in a cutting wear model that determines the wear as a function of wear path, milling volume, milling speed, material strength, etc.
  • a fixed milling amount can also be established using the measured values.
  • Another option is to adapt the milling shape and bending as a function of the measured profile (see also FIG. 7 ).
  • the surface result can be examined downstream of the milling machine 4 and where necessary an adjustment can be made if the measured values are not yet satisfactory.
  • FIG. 5 gives background information regarding the suggested method.
  • the progression of the casting errors E and in particular their frequency is plotted against the casting speed v.
  • the casting speed range that extends to the broken line is the typical area for thin strands, the strand thickness being for instance 60 mm.
  • Casting errors increase sharply when the casting speed or the product of casting thickness and speed increase further.
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows the milling reduction or milling cutter depth s over time t or strand length.
  • the solid line is for the strand upper face, and the broken line is for the strand lower face.
  • the milling reduction i.e. the depth s, is a function of the detected errors. It can be seen that different values can be given for the upper face and for the strand lower face.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates how it is possible to influence the milling result as a function of measured values in a particularly advantageous manner in milling operations.
  • a roller-shaped milling cutter 6 is shown with schematically indicated cutters 19 .
  • the milling contour which is created on the strand 3 using the milling process, can be influenced in that a bending moment M is applied to the milling cutter 6 .
  • the bending moment M is centered on a horizontal axis that is perpendicular to a milling-cutter longitudinal axis 7 .
  • the moment M can be produced by double forces F F that can be applied to the shaft journals of the milling cutter 6 . While the line 7 marks the milling-cutter longitudinal axis when not deformed, the bending curve 20 results when the forces F F are applied. Then the milling cutter bends as shown. Since the bending behavior of the milling cutter 6 as a function of the forces F F is known, it is possible to intentionally influence the milling results if certain convexities are measured across the strand width that can be intentionally influenced, i.e. eliminated, by acting on the milling cutter 6 with the bending moment M.
  • References 7 and 20 illustrate the neutral axes for the milling cutter 6 for the two loads.
  • the milling reduction i.e. the depth
  • the bending in the milling cutter can act as the actuating element for the adjustment across this width.
  • the invention suggests designing a casting machine with a high casting speed. Given an extreme increase in casting speed, instead of one CSP system with two strands with conventional casting systems alternatively a one-strand CSP system with a high-speed casting machine is preferred.
  • a high casting speed is also particularly necessary for coupled casting and rolling (casting/rolling system) so that the strip output temperature out of the finishing train is acceptable.
  • thin strand surface machining that is provided in the line downstream of the casting system, within the oven, or upstream of the rolling mill be performed for thin strands having a thickness greater than 50 mm and/or having a mass flow (speed ⁇ thickness) greater than 350 m/min ⁇ mm.
  • the thin strand thickness to be sought is approx. 60-110 mm at a casting speed of 6-9 m/min. The typical mass flow is lower.
  • the milling machine should be provided as close as possible downstream of the continuous-casting system or the area between leaving the casting system (last section roller) to the milling machine should be closed by a roller conveyor housing so that the milling process can occur at high casting speed at a high strand temperature to the extent possible.
  • the milling process can be omitted at the leading strand end and/or at the trailing strand end for the purpose of protecting against milling damage. If a disadvantageous surface shape (crossbow, ski, or other irregularity) is detected optically, the milling amount, milling starting point, milling ending point, and milling profile setting are optionally made a function thereof.
  • the milling cutter arrangement forms a “milling crown” (analogous to the “roller crown”) across the width.
  • the above-described milling roller journal bending in accordance with FIG. 7 is provided for the purpose of dynamically adapting to the strand shape.
  • the strand speed v strand is provided according to milling machine arrangement either by the casting machine or the rolling mill. That is, travel speed cannot be influenced by the milling machine.
  • the milling cutter rotary speed n miller is preferably adapted according to the formula
  • n miller K ⁇ v strand
  • K is an empirically determined factor that depends on the material.
  • the milling cutter rotary speed is controlled using the milling model that is shown in FIG. 4 and that monitors the milling result using the surface sensors.
  • top and bottom of a milling roller can be seen in the illustrated embodiments.
  • two milling cutter units one after the other, on both the top and bottom.
  • roller milling cutters instead of using roller milling cutters, it is also possible to use other milling cutters, such as face cutters or even grinding tools or other surface removal tools (such as descaling machines), at the provided locations.
  • other milling cutters such as face cutters or even grinding tools or other surface removal tools (such as descaling machines), at the provided locations.
  • the following in particular can be used as the cutting material for the cutting plates of the milling cutters: HSS; uncoated or preferably coated hard metals; ceramic; polycrystalline cutting materials.
  • HSS uncoated or preferably coated hard metals
  • ceramic ceramic
  • polycrystalline cutting materials As a rule conventional indexable inserts can be used.
  • a surface inspection (camera, test for cracks, roughness test) is recommended upstream and/or downstream of the oven or upstream of the milling machine.
  • the measured signals are used for optimum employment of the milling. It is possible to derive from them whether milling should be performed on one or more sides or only in some longitudinal areas and what extent of milling should be set.
  • descaling or cleaning of the strand is performed upstream of the inspection in order to be able to do a precise and reliable surface analysis.
  • the usefulness of in-line strand inspection is also a function of monitoring the effect of the casting system; monitoring the effect of the electromagnetic brake; optimizing mold oscillation curves; monitoring the surface at high speed; and detecting cracks, casting powder errors, and other casting errors in the early stages of the production process.
  • the milling cutter or the milling machine can be provided at different locations. It can be downstream of the casting system, within the oven, or upstream of the rolling mill.
  • it is used immediately upstream of the reshaping instead of a descaler in order to maintain a high strip temperature in the rolling mill, especially during continuous direct strand reduction, which is particularly advantageous.
  • a milling model is used for controlling the milling reduction, the beginning of milling, the end of milling, and to adjust the milling cutter rotary speed.
  • the milling model takes the following into account when determining depth: set points, actual values determined by the measuring means, computed cutting wear, values found during previous milling (adaptation).
  • Face cutters can also be used as an alternative to the use of cylindrical cutters.
  • basically other material-removal methods can also be used, e.g. grinding tools or other mechanical or melting material-removal tools (such as e.g. descaling machines). Descaling is of particular interest for high-speed continuous casting.
  • the first mechanical machining step addressed inventively, which the milling is intended to represent, should be understood such that in any case prior to the milling there is no mechanical machining that is typically used during continuous casting. If for instance upstream of the milling there is minor mechanical machining that is not typical for the method in terms of its scale (e.g. minimal rolling with a reduction in thickness of a few millimeters in a small frame or in a driver that is normally present anyway), this shall not be construed as the first mechanical machining in the sense of the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
US12/302,326 2006-05-26 2007-05-23 Method and device for producing a metal strip by continuous casting Abandoned US20090165986A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006024586 2006-05-26
DE102006024586.5 2006-05-26
DE102007022932.3 2007-05-14
DE102007022932A DE102007022932A1 (de) 2006-05-26 2007-05-14 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Metallbandes durch Stranggießen
PCT/EP2007/004560 WO2007137739A2 (de) 2006-05-26 2007-05-23 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen eines metallbandes durch stranggiessen

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US (1) US20090165986A1 (es)
EP (1) EP2032283A2 (es)
JP (1) JP2009538227A (es)
KR (1) KR101068458B1 (es)
AR (1) AR061187A1 (es)
AU (1) AU2007267471B2 (es)
BR (1) BRPI0712479A2 (es)
CA (1) CA2653360C (es)
DE (1) DE102007022932A1 (es)
EG (1) EG24972A (es)
MX (1) MX2008015067A (es)
RU (1) RU2388573C1 (es)
TW (1) TW200815128A (es)
WO (1) WO2007137739A2 (es)

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US20230202767A1 (en) * 2020-05-14 2023-06-29 Novelis Inc. Systems and methods for controlling conveyors during casting

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ITMI20120046A1 (it) * 2012-01-18 2013-07-19 Arvedi Steel Engineering S P A Impianto e procedimento per la colata continua veloce di bramme sottili di acciaio e di bramme di acciaio
EP3338914A1 (de) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-27 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Verfahren zur endlosen herstellung eines aufgewickelten warmbands in einer giess-walz-verbundanlage, verfahren zum anfahren einer giess-walz-verbundanlage und giess-walz-verbundanlage
DE102018216529A1 (de) 2018-09-27 2020-04-02 Sms Group Gmbh Verfahren und Anlage zum Stranggießen eines metallischen Produkts
IT201900009717A1 (it) * 2019-06-21 2020-12-21 Danieli Off Mecc Impianto e processo per l’asportazione superficiale di difetti su bramme

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MX2008015067A (es) 2008-12-10
EG24972A (en) 2011-03-24
BRPI0712479A2 (pt) 2012-11-20
AR061187A1 (es) 2008-08-13
TW200815128A (en) 2008-04-01
RU2388573C1 (ru) 2010-05-10
EP2032283A2 (de) 2009-03-11
WO2007137739A3 (de) 2008-07-31
JP2009538227A (ja) 2009-11-05
KR101068458B1 (ko) 2011-09-28
CA2653360A1 (en) 2007-12-06
AU2007267471A1 (en) 2007-12-06
DE102007022932A1 (de) 2007-12-20
KR20080108368A (ko) 2008-12-12
AU2007267471B2 (en) 2010-05-13
CA2653360C (en) 2010-07-20

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