US20090074605A1 - High manganese high strength steel sheets with excellent crashworthiness and method for manufacturing of it - Google Patents

High manganese high strength steel sheets with excellent crashworthiness and method for manufacturing of it Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090074605A1
US20090074605A1 US12/298,959 US29895907A US2009074605A1 US 20090074605 A1 US20090074605 A1 US 20090074605A1 US 29895907 A US29895907 A US 29895907A US 2009074605 A1 US2009074605 A1 US 2009074605A1
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steel sheet
hot
steel
cold
rolling
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US12/298,959
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Sung Kyu Kim
Kwang Geun Chin
Il-Ryoung Sohn
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Posco Holdings Inc
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Posco Co Ltd
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Assigned to POSCO reassignment POSCO ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SOHN, IL RYOUNG, CHIN, KWANG GEUN, KIM, SUNG KYU
Publication of US20090074605A1 publication Critical patent/US20090074605A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a high manganese steel sheet used for a automobile steel sheet and a method for manufacturing of it, and more particularly, to a high-workability high strength steel sheet whose workability is excellent due to the high elongation and crashworthiness is excellent due to the high yield strength, and a method for manufacturing of it.
  • High strength steel such as low carbon steel where a matrix structure is ferrite
  • high strength steel such as low carbon steel where a matrix structure is ferrite
  • Materials that absorb impact energy in collision and has high yield strength to prevent transformation of automobile parts may be desirably used for the automobile parts.
  • the high manganese steel sheet has low yield strength due to its austenite structure, and therefore the problems regarding the high manganese steel sheet remains to be solved.
  • An aspect of the present invention provides a high-workability high strength steel sheet whose workability is high due to the excellent elongation and crashworthiness is excellent due to the high yield strength, and a method for manufacturing of it.
  • a steel sheet including, by weight: carbon (C): 0.2 to 1.5%, manganese (Mn): 10 to 25%, aluminum (Al): 0.01 to 3.0%, phosphorus (P) 0.03% or less, sulfur (S): 0.03% or less, nitrogen (N): 0.040% or less, at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si): 0.02 to 2.5%, titanium (Ti): 0.01 to 0.10% and niobium (Nb): 0.01 to 0.10%, and the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurities.
  • the steel sheet according to the present invention has an austenite single-phase structure.
  • the steel sheet according to the present invention has a yield strength of 400-600 MPa or more and a tensile strength of 900-1000 MPa or more, and the steel sheet is subject to strain hardening through the cold rolling process to have a yield strength of 750 MPa or more and a tensile strength of 1000 MPa through the cold rolling process.
  • the steel sheet including the components according to the present invention may be cold-rolled at a reduction ratio of 10 to 80%.
  • the rolling process may be one selected from the group consisting of temper rolling, dual rolling and hot final rolling.
  • the steel sheet may be selected from the group consisting of a hot-rolled steel sheet, a cold-rolled steel sheet and a plated steel sheet.
  • the cold-rolled steel sheet may be prepared by homogenizing a steel including the above-mentioned components at 1050 to 1300° C., hot-rolling the steel at a finish rolling temperature of 850 to 1000° C. and winding the hot-rolled steel at a temperature range of 700° C. or below, followed by cold-rolling the hot-rolled steel sheet at a reduction ratio of 30 to 80% and annealing the cold-rolled steel sheet at 600° C. or above.
  • an aspect of the present invention is to provide a steel sheet that is suitable for elaborate internal sheets as well as structural members of a car body since it has high elongation and high strength.
  • the steel sheet can be useful to be used for parts such as a front side member of an automobile since, among its characteristics, the steel sheet has an excellent impact absorbing ability.
  • FIG. 1 is a photographic diagram illustrating a microstructure.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating changes in tensile curve and strength vs. elongation, depending on the increasing amount of a cold-rolled steel sheet.
  • a suitable amount of at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon, titanium and niobium is added to enhance yield strength of a steel sheet.
  • Steels whose crashworthiness is excellent due to the high yield strength may be manufactured by cold-rolling the prepared hot-rolled, cold-rolled and plated steel sheets.
  • the present invention is characterized in that an austenite single phase is prepared, and amounts of added manganese, carbon and aluminum are suitably adjusted to improve workability due to the presence of twins, and amounts of added silicon, titanium and niobium are also optimized to control a microstructure, thereby enhancing yield strength. Also, yield strength of the steel sheet may be enhanced through the cold-rolling process, on the basis of the fact that elongation of the steel sheet is very excellent when the steel sheet is subject to the strain hardening process using the twins, and therefore it is possible to ensure formability required for automobile parts although the elongation of the steel sheet is rather decreased in the cold-rolling process.
  • austenite stabilizers such as manganese and carbon are optimized to ensure a complete austenite phase at room temperature, and the complete austenite phase is transformed by these components to form a twin.
  • an amount of aluminum is adjusted to control a twin-forming rate, thereby improving tensile properties. It is important to minimize an amount of manganese (Mn) added to lower the manufacturing cost, and also to add a portion of carbon to reduce the amount of the added manganese. Amounts of added carbon and aluminum are also adjusted suitably to facilitate twin transformation during the processing of steel. Meanwhile, it is preferred to reduce grain sizes of the components so as to increase yield strength of the steel sheet. For this purpose, it is possible to further add at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon, titanium and niobium.
  • the steel sheet includes a hot-rolled steel sheet, a cold-rolled steel sheet and a plated steel sheet.
  • a content of carbon (C) is preferably in a range from 0.2 to 1.5%.
  • a content of manganese (Mn) is preferably in a range from 10 to 30%, and more preferably from 10 to 25%.
  • Manganese (Mn) is also an essential element that stabilizes an austenite phase.
  • an ⁇ ′-martensite phase that adversely affects formability is formed when the content of the manganese (Mn) is less than 10%, and therefore strength is increased but ductility is seriously decreased.
  • twin formation is suppressed when the content of the added manganese exceeds 30%, which leads to the increased strength but the decreased ductility.
  • the manganese is preferably added at a content of 25% or less.
  • a content of aluminum (Al) is preferably in a range from 0.01 to 3.0%.
  • Aluminum (Al) is usually added to deoxidize steel, but added to improve ductility in the present invention. That is, the aluminum (Al) is an element that stabilizes a ferrite phase, but increases stacking fault energy in a slip surface of steel to prevent transformation into an ⁇ -martensite phase, which leads to the improved ductility. In addition, the aluminum contributes significantly to minimizing an amount of the added manganese and improving workability since it suppresses the transformation into the ⁇ -martensite phase even when the manganese is present at a low content. Accordingly, because ⁇ -martensite is formed when the amount of the added aluminum (Al) is less 0.01%, strength is increased but ductility is seriously decreased.
  • twin formation is suppressed when the amount of the added aluminum (Al) exceeds 3.0%, ductility is deteriorated, castability is poor in a continuous casting process, and a steel surface is seriously oxidized during a hot rolling process, which lead to the deteriorated quality in a surface to the product.
  • Contents of phosphorus (P) and sulfur(S) are preferably in a range of 0.03% or less.
  • Phosphorus (P) and sulfur(S) are inevitably present in the manufacture of a steel sheet, and therefore their contents are adjusted to a content range of 0.03% or less.
  • the phosphorus (P) causes slabs to arise, which deteriorates workability of steel.
  • the sulfur (S) reacts to form coarse manganese sulfide (MnS) which cause defects such as flange cracks, and deteriorates hole expansibility of a steel sheet. Therefore, it is preferred to use the minimum content of the components.
  • a content of nitrogen (N) is preferably in a range of 0.04% or less.
  • Nitrogen reacts with aluminum during a coagulation process to extract fine nitrides from austenite grains, which facilitate twin formation, and the nitrogen (N) improves strength and ductility of steel in molding a steel sheet.
  • N nitrogen
  • hot workability and elongation are deteriorated since the excessive nitrides are extracted when the content of the added nitrogen exceeds 0.04%.
  • the steel with the above composition includes at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon, titanium and niobium.
  • a content of silicon (Si) is preferably in a range of 0.02 to 2.5%.
  • Silicon is a solid-solution strengthening element that increases yield strength by reducing grain sizes through a solid-solution strengthening effect. It has been known that, when the excessive silicon (Si) is present, a silicon oxide layer is formed on a surface of a steel sheet to deteriorate a hot plating property. However, when a suitable amount of the silicon is added to the steel including a large amount of the added manganese, a thin silicon oxide layer is formed on a surface of the steel to prevent oxidation of manganese.
  • the formation of a thick manganese oxide layer on a cold-rolled steel sheet is prevented after the rolling of the steel sheet, the corrosion in the cold-rolled steel sheet may be prevented after an annealing process to improve surface quality of the cold-rolled steel sheet, and it is possible to maintain an excellent surface quality as a substrate steel sheet of electroplating materials.
  • the increased content of the added silicon makes it possible to form silicon oxides on a surface of a steel sheet when the steel sheet is hot-rolled, which leads to the deteriorated pickling property and the poor surface quality of the hot-rolled steel sheet.
  • the silicon is condensed on a surface of the steel sheet when the steel sheet is annealed at high temperature in the continuous annealing process and the continuous hot plating process, and wetability of molten zinc on the surface of the steel sheet is low when the steel sheet is hot-plated, which leads to the poor plating property.
  • the addition of a large amount of the silicon results in the deteriorated weldability of the steel. Accordingly, the maximum content of the silicon is preferably 2.5%, based on the total content of the steel sheet.
  • Crashworthiness is associated with mechanical properties of an inner metal seed layer but not associated with corrosiveness of the plating layer, and a heat treatment conditions for plating a steel sheet does not affect the mechanical properties of the high manganese steel sheet with an austenite single phase structure. Therefore, the preventive product has crashworthiness of a plated product.
  • a content of titanium (Ti) is preferably in a range from 0.01 to 0.1%.
  • Titanium is a strong carbide-forming element that reacts with carbon to form a carbide.
  • the resultant carbide has an effect on miniaturization of grain size since it functions to suppress grain growth.
  • the effect on miniaturization of grain size does not appear when the content of the titanium (Ti) is less than 0.005%, whereas the excessive titanium (Ti) is slabbed in grain boundaries to cause grain boundary embrittlement, or a coarse precipitate phase is excessively formed when the content of the titanium (Ti) exceeds 0.10%, which leads to the poor effect on the grain growth.
  • a content of niobium (Nb) is preferably in a range from 0.005 to 0.1%, and more preferably from 0.01 to 0.1%.
  • Niobium is a strong carbide-forming element that binds to carbon in the same manner as the titanium to form a carbide. Also, the resultant carbide is an element that has an effect on miniaturization of grain size since it functions to suppress grain growth, and has a high precipitation strengthening effect by the miniaturization of grain size and the formation of the precipitate phase since a precipitate phase is formed at a lower temperature than the conventional titanium.
  • a preferable content of the added niobium is in a range from 0.01 to 0.1%.
  • the manufacture of a high manganese hot-rolled steel sheet may be carried out using the continuous casting method as in the manufacture of conventional steels.
  • the above-mentioned composition is homogenized in the similar manner to the general conditions of steel, finish-rolled and wound to prepare a hot-rolled steel sheet.
  • a heating temperature of a casting slab is preferably in a range from 1050 to 1300° C. when the high manganese steel sheet is hot-rolled.
  • the maximum heating temperature is limited to a temperature range of 1300° C. This is why a grain size increases with the increasing temperature, surface oxidation results in the decrease in strength of steel, or a surface of a steel sheet has poor physical properties.
  • a liquid-phase layer is formed in columnar crystal grain boundaries of the casting slab when the high manganese steel sheet is heated to greater than 1300° C., which leads to the cracks during the hot rolling process. Meanwhile, the minimum heating temperature is limited to a temperature range of 1050° C.
  • the conventional finish rolling temperature is at least 850° C. or above, and preferably about 900° C. during the hot rolling process, the rolling load increases with the decreasing finish rolling temperature, and therefore the unreasonable load is inflicted on a rolling machine, and also has a bad effect on the quality of an internal steel sheet.
  • the excessively high finish rolling temperature facilitates oxidation in a surface of the steel sheet during the hot rolling process, and therefore the finish rolling temperature is limited to a temperature range of 1000° C.
  • the hot rolling process is carried out at a coiling temperature of 700° C. or below.
  • An oxide layer is not easily removed off during the pickling process since a thick oxide layer is formed on a surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet and the inner part of the hot-rolled steel sheet is oxidized when the coiling temperature exceeds 700° C. Accordingly, the hot-rolled steel sheet is preferably hot-rolled at a low coiling temperature.
  • the resultant hot-rolled steel sheet may be manufactured into a cold-rolled steel sheet, when necessary.
  • the cold-rolled steel sheet is prepared by cold-rolling a steel sheet so as to meet the shape and thickness of the steel sheet, and a preferable cold rolling is carried out at a reduction ratio of 30 to 80%.
  • the cold-rolled steel sheet is continuously annealed at a temperature of 600° C. or above. At this time, when the annealing temperature is too low, it is difficult to ensure sufficient workability and a sufficient level of austenite is not formed during the phase transformation to maintain an austenite phase at a low temperature. Accordingly, it is preferred to perform the annealing process at an annealing temperature of 600° C. or above. Because an austenite steel whose phase transformation does not occur easily is used in the present invention, it is possible to ensure sufficient workability when the steel is heated to a temperature greater than its recrystallization temperature. Therefore, the cold-rolled steel sheet may be annealed under conventional annealing conditions.
  • the annealed steel sheet, as prepared thus, is plated when necessary.
  • the plating may be selected from hot plating, electroplating and deposition processes, and the hot plating process is preferred.
  • the method for manufacturing a plated steel sheet includes: continuously annealing a cold-rolled steel sheet at 600° C. or above and manufacturing a hot-plated, electroplated or deposited steel sheet.
  • the conventional heat treatment affect a transformation induced plasticity steel sheet during the electroplating or hot plating process, but it is possible to plate the inventive steels under the conventional conditions since the inventive steels have an austenite single phase and a low difference in mechanical properties due to the lack of the phase transformation.
  • one of the above-mentioned high manganese steel sheets satisfying the components according to the present invention for example a hot-rolled steel sheet, a cold-rolled steel sheet and a plated steel sheet may be cold-rolled again at a reduction ratio of 10 ⁇ 80% to enhance yield strength.
  • the rolling process may be carried out using one of a temper rolling process, a dual rolling process and a hot coil process used in steel mills.
  • the inventive steels and the comparative steels are listed in the following Table 1, and molten steel ingots were kept in a 1200° C. heating furnace for one hour, and then hot-rolled. At this time, a hot rolling finish temperature was 900° C., and a coiling temperature was 650° C. Some of the hot-rolled steel sheets were processed into tensile test samples according to the JIS5 standard, and the tensile test samples were tested for tensile strength using a conventional universal testing machine. And, the hot-rolled steel sheets were pickled and cold-rolled at a cold reduction ratio of 50%. The cold-rolled test samples were continuously annealed, simulated and heat-treated at an annealing temperature of 800° C. and an over-aging temperature of 400° C.
  • the cold-rolled test samples were tested for tensile strength using a conventional universal testing machine. Meanwhile, the cold-rolled test samples were continuously annealed, simulated and heat-treated at an annealing temperature of 800° C. in a 460° C. hot galvanizing bath.
  • the steel sheets according to the present invention represented by the inventive steels represents hot-rolled steel sheets, and, when the tensile tests were carried out after the continuous annealing, simulation and heat-treatment processes, the hot-rolled steel sheets had a tensile strength of 700 MPa or more, an elongation of 40% or more and a yield strength of 500 MPa or more. Therefore, materials that are suitable for structural members such as automobile members and fillers were found.
  • test sample Nos. 3 to 6, 8 to 9, 14 to 15 and 19 were not suitable as the structural members since the elongation was poor, and the yield strength was low at 500 MPa or less due to the insufficient contents of the added carbon, manganese, silicon and aluminum.
  • test sample Nos. 7, 10 to 13 and 16 to 18 were suitable as the structural members since the contents of the added carbon, manganese and aluminum were appropriate, and the yield strength is desirable due to the addition of the silicon, titanium and niobium.
  • the high strength steel sheets with high workability and high manganese having an austenite single phase prepared in Example 1, were cold-rolled again, and measured for mechanical properties. The results are listed in the following Table 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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US12/298,959 2006-12-27 2007-12-24 High manganese high strength steel sheets with excellent crashworthiness and method for manufacturing of it Abandoned US20090074605A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2006-0135658 2006-12-27
KR1020060135658A KR100851158B1 (ko) 2006-12-27 2006-12-27 충돌특성이 우수한 고망간형 고강도 강판 및 그 제조방법
PCT/KR2007/006780 WO2008078940A1 (fr) 2006-12-27 2007-12-24 Tôle d'acier à haute résistance et à remarquable résistance à l'impact, et son procédé de fabrication

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EP (1) EP2097548A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP5393459B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100851158B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101432456A (fr)
WO (1) WO2008078940A1 (fr)

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US20190071743A1 (en) * 2015-10-27 2019-03-07 Tianjin Will Long Sci.&Tech Co.,Ltd Manufacturing method for multi-component alloying steel with high strength and high wear-resistance and hot rolled plate thereof
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