Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
  • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
  • E01C5/003—Pavings made of prefabricated single units characterised by material or composition used for beds or joints; characterised by the way of laying
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
  • C04B40/06—Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers ; Inhibiting the action of active ingredients
  • C04B40/0675—Mortars activated by rain, percolating or sucked-up water; Self-healing mortars or concrete
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
  • C04B2111/00663—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filling material for cavities or the like
  • C04B2111/00672—Pointing or jointing materials

Definitions

• the present invention relates to paving joint mortars. More particularly, the present invention relates to polymer powders redispersible in water and their use in paving jointing mortars containing mineral binders.
• Paving joint mortar is understood by one skilled in the art as joint mortar commonly used in the open air for jointing paving stones, natural stones and natural stone slabs, concrete stone slabs and concrete paving stones, mosaic flooring and mosaic paving, composite stone, natural stone paving, paving flag, large stone paving and small stone paving, cobble stone paving, erratic block paving, wooden paving and decking as well as cement clinker paving, among others.
• Such paving is used, for example, for pedestrian areas, roads, foot paths, cycling paths, access ways, gutters, and parking areas, as well as in garden architecture.
• the paving is introduced predominantly by garden designers and road builders by way of a so-called “loose construction method”, which is the most commonly used and one of the oldest methods of construction for such surfacing.
• the stones to be laid are placed onto a loose bed of chippings, sand or granules and subsequently jointed.
• the joint width may range, for example, from a few millimeters to a few centimeters.
• This type of construction responds to static or dynamic stresses by elastic deformation. Thermal impact is eliminated by unhindered deformation without stresses occurring.
• the paving cover remains basically permeable to water. It is generally perceived as a disadvantage in that the jointing material can be washed out from the joint or sucked up, for example, by sweeping machines. As a consequence, the stones may lose their hold. In addition, weeds can grow in these joints in the case of sparse traffic, something that is often perceived as undesirable, particularly in the case of natural stone surfaces.
• Sand is the most commonly used jointing material, and can be introduced in powder form, for example, by means of a broom. It adapts without problem to the movement of the slabs and to the subgrade.
• An embodiment based on this is described in EP 1 484 295 A1, wherein a small portion of fibrous substances is mixed with the sand. Still, in this type of construction the above mentioned disadvantages of the state of the art persist.
• the jointing material includes a mixture of quartz sand with an addition of silica dust and a liquid polymer binder.
• the binder is typically composed of a mixture of polybutadiene, boiled linseed oil and isoparaffinic hydrocarbon mixtures. This mixture is swept with a broom as a soil-moist mass into the dry joints, compacted with a vibrating plate, and subsequently scraped off with a rubber scraper.
• This type of jointing material is consequently time-consuming to produce and apply. Moreover, such systems can have low strength levels.
• sand is mixed with approximately 20 to 40% by weight of cement and other additives, for example, cellulose fibers, in order to increase durability and strength.
• cement and other additives for example, cellulose fibers
• the paving joints become more durable and washable. Also, nothing will grow in them.
• joint filling materials are suitable only for a ‘bound’ method of construction where paving stones are laid onto a rigid subgrade such as a concrete slab. This subgrade or support layer underneath the paving must be produced in a manner particularly resistant to deformation using appropriate materials and requires accurate planning. Still, stresses frequently occur, which may be due to changes in temperature. This frequently causes cracks and joints to loosen, resulting in the stones becoming detached.
• JP 2285103 describes the use of silica sand and rubber powder as aggregates, a styrene acrylate copolymer dispersion, and Portland cement as binders.
• the joint filling material is first sprayed and then the joints are filled with it. After filling, the surface then has to be sprayed with a cleaning agent and cleaned with a polishing machine.
• This jointing material consists of two components and therefore needs to be thoroughly mixed by stirring, meaning additional effort is required. Moreover, the subsequent cleaning process is time consuming to execute.
• polyvinyl alcohol in powder form can be added to a paving joint dry mortar with approximately 2 to 7% by weight of cement.
• the paving joint dry mortar scattered into the joint is then wetted with water from the outside.
• the water cannot penetrate into the deeper layers due to the polyvinyl alcohol swelling rapidly on contact with water, resulting in an uneven and unsatisfactory introduction of water into the mortar.
• polyvinyl alcohol provides a greasy consistency and tends to easily form foam.
• polyvinyl alcohol is also washed out over time, which may result in embrittlement of the paving joint.
• the present invention provides a single component paving jointing dry mortar in powder form for the loose method of construction.
• the mortar is simple to handle and apply.
• the applied mortar exhibits an increased durability, certain flexibility, as well as a corresponding compressive and tensile strength in bending.
• the paving joint mortar possesses good flank adhesion, that is, a good adhesion to the paving stone that is resistant to mechanical stresses such as those caused by sweeping machines, high pressure cleaning machines, and/or driving rain. It also provides for easy removal by washing of contamination from paving jointing mortar residues on the paving stones, thereby simplifying subsequent cleaning considerably.
• the present invention provides paving joint mortars having polymer powders redispersible in water.
• the paving joint mortar can also having one or more mineral binders in an amount of about 0.5% by weight or more, based on the desired paving jointing dry mortar, as well as one or more additives and, optionally, further components.
• the paving joint mortar can be introduced into a joint in powder form and subsequently watered, or it can be mixed with water before introduction and added to the joint in paste form.
• paving joint mortars having the polymer powder redispersible in water can have one or more mineral binders in about 0.5 to about 30% by weight.
• the one or more mineral binders are present in an amount of about 1.0 to about 20% by weight.
• the binders are present in an amount of about 1 to about 10% by weight.
• the binders are present in an amount of about 1 to about 5% by weight.
• the amount of additives in the paving joint mortars is about 30 to about 99% by weight.
• the amount of additives is about 50 to about 98% by weight.
• the amount of additives is about 60 to about 95% by weight.
• the amount of additives is about 70 to 90% by weight.
• the amount of polymer powder redispersible in water present in the paving joint mortar is about 0.5 to about 20% by weight.
• the amount of polymer powder is present in an amount of about 1.0 to about 15% by weight.
• the amount of polymer powder is present in an amount of about 0.5 to about 10% by weight.
• the amount of polymer powder is present in an amount of about 2 to about 7% by weight.
• Other optional components can be present in the paving joint mortar in an amount of about 0 to about 25% by weight. In one aspect, other components are present in an amount of about 0 to about 20% by weight, based on the paving jointing dry mortar, respectively.
• Suitable mineral binders include at least (a) hydraulically binding binders such as cement, (b) latent hydraulic binders such as acidic blast-furnace slag, pozzolans and/or metakaolin, and/or (c) non-hydraulic binders that react under the influence of air and water, such as calcium hydroxide and/or calcium oxide.
• cement such as Portland cement (e.g., according to EN 196 CEM I, II, III, IV and V), calcium sulfate in the form of ⁇ -hemihydrate and/or ⁇ -hemihydrate and/or anhydrite and/or alumina melt cement can be the hydraulically binding binder.
• Pozzolans such as metakaolin, calcium metasilicate and/or volcanic slag, volcanic tuff, trass, fly ash, blast furnace slag and/or silica dust can also be used as a latent hydraulic binder, which, together with a source of calcium such as calcium hydroxide and/or cement, reacts hydraulically.
• Lime in the form of calcium hydroxide and/or calcium oxide can be used as non-hydraulic binder reacting under the influence of air and water.
• the systems are based on Portland cement or a mixture of Portland cement, alumina melt cement and calcium sulfate, where latent hydraulic and/or non-hydraulic binder can optionally be added to either system.
• suitable additives include quartzitic and/or carbonaceous sands and/or meals such as quartz sand and/or ground limestone, carbonates, silicates, chalk, layer silicates and/or precipitated silicic acids.
• light weight fillers such as hollow microspheres of glass, polymers such as polystyrene spheres, aluminosilicates, silicon oxide, aluminium silicon oxide, calcium silicate hydrate, aluminium silicate, magnesium silicate, aluminium silicate hydrate, calcium aluminium silicate, calcium silicate hydrate, silicon dioxide and/or aluminium iron magnesium silicate but also clays such as bentonite can be used. It is also possible for the fillers and/or light weight fillers to possess a natural or artificially produced color.
• Polymer powders redispersible in water according to the invention can contain at least one polymer based on vinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl acetate vinyl versatate, ethylene vinyl acetate vinyl chloride, ethylene vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate vinyl versatate, (meth)acrylate, ethylene vinyl acetate(meth)acrylate, vinyl acetate vinyl versatate (meth)acrylate, vinyl acetate maleic acid and vinyl acetate maleic acid ester, vinyl acetate vinyl versatate maleic acid and vinyl acetate vinyl versatate maleic acid ester, vinyl acetate (meth)acrylate maleic acid and vinyl acetate(meth)acrylate maleic acid ester, styrene acrylate and/or styrene butadiene, wherein vinyl versatate is a C 4 - to C 12 -vinyl ester.
• the polymer powders can also contain about 0 to about 50% by weight of additional monomers such as monomers with functional groups. In another aspect, the polymers can contain about 0 to about 30% by weight of additional monomers. In even another aspect, the polymers can contain about 0 to about 10% by weight of additional monomers.
• Polymer powders redispersible in water according to the invention can be based on one or several polymers. These polymers can be produced, for example, by emulsion polymerisation, suspension polymerisation, microemulsion polymerisation and/or inverse emulsion polymerisation. If necessary, the polymers can also exhibit a heterogeneous morphology obtained by selecting the monomer and the production process. Subsequent drying takes place, for example, by spray drying, freeze drying, fluid bed drying, roller drying and/or rapid drying. In one embodiment the polymer powders are produced by emulsion polymerisation and spray drying.
• suitable classes of monomers for producing these polymers include linear or branched C 1 - to C 20 -vinyl ester, ethylene, propylene, vinyl chloride, (meth)acrylic acid and their linear or branched C 1 - to C 20 -alkyl esters, (meth)acrylamide and (meth)acrylamide with N-substituted linear or branched C 1 - to C 20 -alkyl groups, acrylonitrile, styrene, styrene derivatives and/or dienes such as 1,3-butadiene.
• the vinyl esters are linear or branched C 1 - to C 12 -vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, vinyl stearate, vinyl formate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl laurate, vinyl-2-ethyl hexanoate, 1-methyl vinyl acetate and/or C 9 -, C 10 - and/or C 11 -vinyl versatate, vinyl pyrrolidone, N-vinyl formamide, N-vinyl acetamide, as well as vinyl esters of benzoic acid and p-tert.-butyl benzoic acid.
• the vinyl esters are vinyl acetate, vinyl laurate and/or vinyl versatate.
• C 1 - to C 12 -alkyl groups of (meth)acrylic acid esters and N-substituted (meth)acrylamides include methyl groups, ethyl groups, propyl groups, n-butyl groups, i-butyl groups, tert.-butyl groups, hexyl groups, cyclohexyl groups, 2-ethyl hexyl groups, lauryl groups, stearyl groups, norbornyl groups, polyalkylene oxide groups and/or polyalkylene glycol groups.
• the alkyl groups are methyl groups, butyl groups, and/or 2-ethyl hexyl groups.
• the alkyl groups are methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, tert.-butyl methacrylate and/or 2-ethyl hexyl methacrylate.
• Additional monomers such as monomers with functional groups can be incorporated by polymerization.
• monomers with functional groups can be incorporated by polymerization.
• divinyl adipate diallyl maleate, allyl methacrylate or triallyl cyanurate, divinyl benzene, butane diol-1,4-dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, hexane diol diacrylate, functional vinyl monomers and/or (meth)acrylate monomers containing alcoxy silane groups, glycidyl groups, epihalohydrin groups, carboxyl groups, amine groups, hydroxyl groups, ammonium groups and/or sulfonic acid groups.
• the functional monomers can be hydroxyl propyl(meth)acrylate, N-methylol allyl carbamate, methyl acrylamidoglycolic acid methyl ester, N-methylol (meth)acrylamide, vinyl sulfonic acid, acrylamido glycolic acid, glycidyl(meth)acrylate, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, (meth)acryloxypropyl tri(alkoxy)silane, vinyl trialkoxysilane, vinyl methyl dialkoxysilanes; methoxy groups, ethoxy groups and/or iso-propoxy groups being used as alkoxy groups; acetyl acetoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, diacetone acrylamide, acrylamido glycolic acid, methyl acrylamido glycolic acid methyl ester, alkyl ether, N-methylol (meth)acrylamide, N-methylol allyl carbamate, esters
• the proportion of these comonomers is approximately 0 to 30% by weight. In another aspect, it is approximately 0 to 20% by weight. In even another aspect it is approximately 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the total proportion of monomer. Care should be taken to ensure that the proportion of free carboxyl groups is not higher than approximately 10% by weight; in another aspect not higher than approximately 5% by weight; and in even another aspect not higher than approximately 3% by weight.
• the glass transition temperature (“T g ”) of the emulsion polymer is within approximately ⁇ 60° C. to 80° C. In another embodiment the temperature is approximately ⁇ 30° C. to 50° C. In even another embodiment the temperature is approximately ⁇ 20° C. to 40° C.
• Emulsion, suspension, microemulsion and/or inverse emulsion polymers produced can be stabilised with one or more higher molecular compounds, such as one or more protective colloids.
• the quantity of stabilizing systems used is approximately 1 to 30% by weight. In another aspect the amount used is approximately 3 to 15% by weight, based on the proportion of monomer used.
• Typical water-soluble organic polymeric protective colloids include higher molecular compounds. These include natural compounds such as polysaccharides, including chemically modified ones, synthetic higher molecular oligomers and polymers having no or only a slight ionic character, and/or polymers produced with monomers having an at least partially anionic character and, e.g., by radical polymerisation in situ in the aqueous medium. It is also possible for only one stabilising system to be used or for different stabilising systems to be combined.
• polysaccharides and their derivatives include polysaccharides and polysaccharide ethers soluble in cold water such as cellulose ether, starch ether (amylose and/or amylopectin and/or their derivatives), guar ether and/or dextrins. It is also possible to use synthetic polysaccharides such as anionic, non-ionic or cationic heteropolysaccharides such as xanthan gum or wellan gum.
• the polysaccharides can, but need not, be chemically modified, e.g., with carboxymethyl groups, carboxyethyl groups, hydroxyethyl groups, hydroxypropyl groups, methyl groups, ethyl groups, propyl groups and/or long-chain alkyl groups.
• Further natural stabilising systems consist of alginates, peptides and/or proteins such as gelatin, casein and/or soy protein. Examples include dextrins, starch, starch ether, casein, soy protein, hydroxyl alkyl cellulose and/or alkyl hydroxyalkyl cellulose.
• Synthetic stabilising systems include one or several polyvinyl pyrrolidones and/or polyvinyl acetals having molecular weights of approximately 2000 to 400,000; fully or partially saponified and/or modified fully or partially saponified polyvinyl alcohols with a degree of hydrolysis of approximately 70 to 100 mole %, or in another aspect approximately 80 to 98 mole %, and a viscosity according to Höppler in a 4% aqueous solution of about 1 to 50 mPas, or in another aspect approximately 3 to 40 mPas (measured according to DIN 53015 at 20° C.); as well as melamine formaldehyde sulfonates, naphthalene formaldehyde sulfonates, block copolymers of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, styrene-maleic acid copolymers and/or vinyl ether-maleic acid copolymers.
• Higher molecular oligomers may include non-ionic, anionic, cationic and/or amphoteric emulsifiers such as alkyl sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, sulfates of hydroxyl alkanols, alkyl disulfonates and alkyl aryl disulfonates, sulfonic fatty acids, sulfates and phosphates of polyethoxylated alkanols and alkyl phenols, as well as esters of sulfosuccinic acid, quaternary alkyl ammonium salts, quaternary alkyl phosphonium salts, polyaddition products such as polyalkoxylates, e.g., adducts of 5 to 50 mole ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide per mole of linear and/or branched C 6 - to C 22 -alkanols,
• the alkyl group can be a linear and/or branched C 6 - to C 22 -alkyl group in each case.
• Synthetic stabilising systems include partially saponified and/or modified polyvinyl alcohols, it being possible for one or several polyvinyl alcohols to be used together, if necessary with small quantities of suitable emulsifiers.
• Synthetic stabilising systems her include modified and/or non-modified polyvinyl alcohols with a degree of hydrolysis of 80 to 98 mole % and a viscosity according to Höppler as 4% aqueous solution of 1 to 50 mPas and/or polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
• Such systems are typically obtained in situ, it being possible for (meth)acrylic acid, monomers with sulfonic acid groups and/or cationic monomers, for example, to be used as monomers with an ionic group, such as described in EP-A 1098916 and EP-A 1109838.
• polymers containing carboxyl group based on monocarboxylic and/or dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides for example, polyacrylic acids
• stabilising systems can be used as stabilising systems.
• a film forming aid and/or a coalescing agent can also be added to the polymer powders redispersible in water.
• the amount can be approximately 0 to 5% by weight, or in another aspect, approximately 0 to 2% by weight, based on the copolymer content.
• Polymer powders redispersible in water include those with a low proportion of organic volatile components (VOC), such as those possessing a boiling point of less than 250° C. at normal pressure. These include, for example, non-reacted monomers and non-polymerisable contaminants contained in the monomers and by-products of the polymerisation. VOC content of the polymer powders redispersible in water amounts to less than approximately 5000 ppm, in another aspect less than 2000 ppm, in even another aspect less than 1000 ppm, and in another aspect less than approximately 500 ppm, based on polymer content.
• VOC organic volatile components
• additives can be added to the polymer powders redispersible in water, with their addition occurring before, during and/or after drying.
• the types of these components used are numerous. Liquid components can be added before or during drying, but can also be sprayed onto the powder subsequently. Components in powder form can be added during or after spray drying, but can also be added during dispersion mixing before the drying step.
• One embodiment includes the addition of at least one further organic component with functional groups.
• This can be part of the polymer powder re-dispersible in water and/or can be mixed with the paving joint dry mortar as a separate component. If this component is liquid, it can be added to the polymer powder redispersible in water during its production or transformed into powder form. When used in powder form, it can be mixed with the polymer powder redispersible in water and/or the paving jointing dry mortar.
• Useful organic components with functional groups react in an alkaline medium either with itself and/or other compounds.
• Examples of such compounds include crosslinking agents such as epoxides, epoxy resins, oligoamines and/or polyamines, bifunctional masked aldehydes with at least 3 carbon atoms, silanes, siloxanes, isocyanates which can be used together with hydroxy compounds such as polyols, if necessary, boric acid and/or borax and/or compounds with carbodiimide groups, carboxyl groups and/or epichlorohydrin groups.
• crosslinking agents such as epoxides, epoxy resins, oligoamines and/or polyamines, bifunctional masked aldehydes with at least 3 carbon atoms, silanes, siloxanes, isocyanates which can be used together with hydroxy compounds such as polyols, if necessary, boric acid and/or borax and/or compounds with carbodiimide groups, carboxyl groups and/or epichlorohydrin groups.
• Functional groups of these organic components and of the (co-)polymerisable monomers with functional groups include silane groups such as alkoxy silane groups, glycidyl groups, epihalohydrin groups, N-methylol groups, carboxyl groups, amine groups, hydroxyl groups, ammonium groups, ketone groups, acid anhydride groups, acetoacetonate groups, sulfonic acid groups, amide groups, amidine groups, imine groups, ester groups, carboxyl groups, carbonyl groups, aldehyde groups, sulfate groups, sulfonate groups and/or thiol groups.
• the functional groups are silane groups, epoxy groups, epihalohydrin groups and/or amine groups.
• the paving joint mortar can also contain further components in typical quantities. It is advantageous if they are present in powder form. If they are by nature liquid, they can be adsorbed onto a matrix or embedded in a matrix in order to be able to handle them in powder form. There are no essential limitations regarding the type of these further components.
• Non-limiting examples of such further components are colour pigments, cellulose fibers, water-soluble polymers, in particular fully or partially saponified and, if necessary, modified polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, polyalkylene oxides and polyalkylene glycols, the alkylene group typically being a C 2 - and/or C 3 -group, which includes also block copolymers, thickening agents, water retention agents, alkyl hydroxyalkyl ethers and/or alkyl hydroxyalkyl polysaccharide ethers such as such as cellulose ether, starch ether and/or guar ether, the alkyl group and hydroxyalkyl group typically being a C 1 - to C 4 -group, synthetic polysaccharides such as anionic, non-ionic or cationic heteropolysaccharides, in particular xanthan gum or wellan gum, wetting agents, dispersing agents, cement liquefiers, polycarboxylates, poly
• organosilicone compounds can be used as silanes, silane esters, silicones and/or siloxanes. However, it is advantageous, though not compelling for the boiling point of the organosilicon compound used not to be too low at normal pressure, for example, approximately 100° C. and more.
• the organosilicon compounds may be soluble, insoluble or only partially soluble in water. Useful compounds can have no or only limited solubility in water.
• radical R can be substituted with halogens such as F or Cl, with ether groups, thioether groups, ester groups, amide groups, nitrile groups, hydroxyl groups, amine groups, carboxyl groups, sulfonic acid groups, carboxylic anhydride groups and carbonyl groups.
• R can also have the meaning OR′ in the case of polysilanes.
• Further components also include polysaccharide ethers such as cellulose ether and/or starch ether, hydrophobing agents such as silanes, silane esters, fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters, agents for reducing efflorescence, for example, those based on natural resins, cellulose fibres, defoaming agents and/or pigments.
• polysaccharide ethers such as cellulose ether and/or starch ether
• hydrophobing agents such as silanes, silane esters, fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters, agents for reducing efflorescence, for example, those based on natural resins, cellulose fibres, defoaming agents and/or pigments.
• the proportion of these additional components may be very small, for example, for surface-active substances, based on the paving jointing dry mortar, and be within the region of approximately 0.01% by weight or more, in another aspect approximately 0.1% by weight and more, but should not typically exceed approximately 2% by weight, in another aspect approximately 1% by weight.
• the proportion of mixed pigments can be higher, but should be not more than approximately 25% by weight, in another aspect not more than approximately 20% by weight, and in even another aspect not more than approximately 15% by weight.
• the proportion of hydrophobing agents is approximately 0.05 to approximately 3% by weight, in another aspect approximately 0.1 to approximately 2% by weight and in even another aspect approximately 0.2 to approximately 1% by weight.
• the content of the other components is between approximately 1% by weight and approximately 15% by weight, in another aspect between approximately 2 and approximately 10% by weight, based on the paving jointing dry mortar.
• the paving jointing mortar is scattered as paving jointing dry mortar into the empty joints or swept into them with a broom, and water then subsequently added, for example, over the surface.
• Such addition of water over the surface without subsequent mixing of the mortar is sufficient to both re-disperse the polymer powder re-dispersible in water in this compact environment and distribute it in the matrix.
• a water-insoluble film is then formed. This thus increases the cohesion of the set paving jointing mortar.
• suitable methods include those in which the paving jointing dry mortar scattered or swept in is not damaged. For example, this can be accomplished with a gentle introduction of water in the form of a spray mist and/or surface watering.
• the method of water introduction is not restricted in any way as long as it does not damage the paving jointing mortar introduced. This can be achieved with a lawn sprinkler, a water sprinkler, a garden hose with or without distributor nozzle and/or a watering can. It is advantageous to set the duration of watering such that the water penetrates through the entire paving jointing dry mortar, providing the mortar with sufficient water for hydration down to the subgrade. If too much water is added, the excess seeps into the subgrade, usually without negative consequences.
• the paving jointing dry mortar is first stirred with water and introduced into the joints as stirred mortar.
• the stirred mortar receives an easily processable consistency in order to be introduced into the joints without running off.
• Paving jointing mortar containing the polymer powder re-dispersible in water that can be used according to the invention typically exhibits a high level of wettability.
• the polymer powder re-dispersible in water re-disperses without additional shearing forces and mixing processes and subsequently forms a water-insoluble film.
• polymer powders re-dispersible in water results in none or only minor disadvantages vis-à-vis emulsifier-stabilised dispersions with the physical values of the set paving jointing mortar, even though these systems have previously been thoroughly mixed in order to guarantee a corresponding homogeneity of the mortar. Nevertheless, the end properties of the paving jointing mortar are entirely comparable in spite of a much simpler introduction and processing.
• Mortar prisms were produced in order to investigate the introduction by scattering and watering of joints under conditions which are as clearly defined as possible. From this it was possible to subsequently determine physical values such as the tensile strength in bending and the compressive strength.
• a paving joint dry mortar was prepared by mixing homogenously in an agitator 5% by weight of Portland cement CEM I 42.5 N, 87% by weight of quartz sand with a sieve line of 0.063 to 1.5 mm, 3% by weight of a calcium carbonate (Durcal 10) and 5% by weight of a polymer powder redispersible in water.
• a comparative example was carried out using in place of the polymer powder a partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol with a degree of hydrolysis of 88 mole % and a viscosity of 4 mPas (according to Höppler as 4% aqueous solution, measured according to DIN 53015 at 20° C.) (in the following tables referred to as “PVOH”).
• Another comparative example was carried out entirely without polymer powder, the omitted polymer quantity being replaced by quartz sand.
• 500 g of the dry mortar produced were then scattered into a 4 cm ⁇ 4 cm ⁇ 16 cm metal prism mould, the inside wall of the prism mould having been painted with mould oil as release agent using a painter's brush.
• the dry formulation was compacted by manually shaking and tapping for 10 seconds.
• the surface of the dry mortar scattered in was smoothed off with a trowel.
• a spray bottle typically used for spraying plants was used for watering.
• the water cone formed during spraying was adjusted so that the water was sprayed selectively onto the mortar surface from a distance of 10 cm.
• the spray duration was 5 to 10 minutes, depending on how well the surface was wetted and the water was able to penetrate inside.
• the necessary quantity of water was determined by way of a separate test wherein the surface was damaged periodically using a fine spatula and the depth of water penetration assessed optically until the water had reached the lowermost layer of the paving jointing mortar.
• Table 1 indicates the quantities of water sprayed onto the different paving jointing mortars containing the polymer powders re-dispersible in water EVA-1, EVA-2 and St/Ac and the comparative samples PVOH and without polymer powder and assessment of the different paving stone joints during watering a) . Without EVA-1 EVA-2 St/Ac PVOH c) p.p.
• Table 2 illustrates the results of repeated watering of the paving joint mortar in the prism mould at intervals of one hour.
• Four prisms were produced per composition, one being put aside after each watering cycle for removal from the mould after 18 hours and assessed. The percentage indicated below provides details of the proportion of prisms which formed a compact unit and did not disintegrate. Moreover, the surface of the last prism was assessed after a storage period of 4 days for its surface hardness and surface hydrophobicity. Quantity of water d) EVA-1 St/Ac PVOH c) Without p.p.
• Tables 1 and 2 show, among other things, that paving joint mortar with partially hydrolysed polyvinyl alcohol exhibits the greatest water requirement.
• the paving joint mortar with PVOH absorbs a relatively large amount of water at its surface, preventing the water from reaching the underlying layers.
• the mineral binder does not set and the organic binder does not form a film, resulting in a lack of strength of these layers.
• the unset paving jointing mortar may exhibit a moderate hydrophobicity as shown by the example of EVA-1. This contributes to less dirt penetrating into the joints and being washed away, particularly in the case of an inclination and/or fairly strong rain.
• Tensile strength and compressive strength are excellent measures for assessing cohesion of the watered paving jointing mortar.
• the values given in Tables 3 and 4 clearly show the additional cohesion achieved by adding polymer powder redispersible in water versus those containing only mineral binder (indicated by “without polymer powder”). These high values are highly surprising since the dry mortar was merely watered without mixing the mortar. Mixing enhances the redispersion of the polymer powder redispersible in water, guaranteeing good distribution of the redispersion achieved.
• the cohesion achieved is sufficient to prevent damage, for example, in the case of impact or expert cleaning with sweeping machines or high pressure cleaners.
• the corresponding early strength values additionally provide the paving jointing mortar applied with sufficient protection against driving rain and hail.
• the polymer powder redispersible in water used provides the paving joint mortar also with a good flank adhesion such that the joint does not detach itself from the paving stone.
• the low proportion of mineral binder guarantees the required flexibility needed to survive deformations of the subgrade without cracking.
• the paving joint dry mortar produced according to Example 1 is stirred with water for one minute using a propeller stirrer at 900 rpm, the amount of water adjusted for consistency. During this process, care was taken in mixing that the resulting mortar was not too thin but also not too highly viscous, and could be introduced into a prism box as described in Example 1 by simply using a trowel. Prior to addition to the box, the mixed paving joint mortar was allowed to mature for 3 minutes and was then stirred once more for 15 seconds. Following the introduction of the mortar, the surface of the mortar was smoothed off with a trowel. The storage conditions were handled in a manner analogous to Example 1.
• Table 5 illustrates that by mixing the paving joint dry mortar with water prior to introduction into the joints, the physical values obtained are slightly higher than by introduction of water over the surface according to Example 1. Consequently, by using paving joint dry mortar according to the present invention, the user has the choice of choosing either an extremely simple and convenient type of application involving dry introduction with subsequent surface watering, or by externally mixing the paving joint dry mortar with water and subsequent introduction to obtain even higher physical strength values.

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• 2006
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