CN103124704A - 用于制备耐久柔性涂层的涂料组合物 - Google Patents
用于制备耐久柔性涂层的涂料组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103124704A CN103124704A CN2011800395119A CN201180039511A CN103124704A CN 103124704 A CN103124704 A CN 103124704A CN 2011800395119 A CN2011800395119 A CN 2011800395119A CN 201180039511 A CN201180039511 A CN 201180039511A CN 103124704 A CN103124704 A CN 103124704A
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- coating composition
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- coating
- vinyl
- polymkeric substance
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 53
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010882 bottom ash Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 22
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- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 15
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 14
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 10
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 8
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- JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- CCJAYIGMMRQRAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]butyliminomethyl]phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=NCCCCN=CC1=CC=CC=C1O CCJAYIGMMRQRAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GWRKYBXTKSGXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropoxyperoxy)propane Chemical compound CC(C)COOOCC(C)C GWRKYBXTKSGXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 3
- GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 3
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCOC(=O)C=C QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- KRGNPJFAKZHQPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethene;ethene Chemical group C=C.ClC=C KRGNPJFAKZHQPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- C04B2/00—Lime, magnesia or dolomite
- C04B2/02—Lime
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/10—Lime cements or magnesium oxide cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
- C09D1/10—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances lime
- C09D1/12—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances lime with organic additives
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
- C04B2111/00517—Coating or impregnation materials for masonry
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00637—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as glue or binder for uniting building or structural materials
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种涂料组合物,其以一种或多种矿物粘合剂、一种或多种聚合物、一种或多种填料和任选存在的一种或多种添加剂为主要成分,其特征在于,基于所述涂料组合物的干重,在所述涂料组合物中含有2至30重量%的石灰作为矿物粘合剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及以矿物粘合剂、聚合物和填料为主要成分的涂料组合物以及其用于制备耐久柔性涂层的用途。
背景技术
以矿物粘合剂、聚合物和填料为主要成分的涂料组合物在建筑领域中用于制造柔性涂层的应用是已悉知的。这类涂料组合物被用作,例如在US 6,166,113或DE-A 196 20 817中描述的水泥浆。US 4,710,526公开了基于水泥和阳离子聚合物的灰泥组合物用于制备具备良好粘合性能的柔性涂层。KR 10-0913255描述了水泥状的聚合物改性的灰泥组合物用于生产具备增强机械性和耐化学性的建筑产品。GB 1 236 263公开了基于矿物粘合剂、填料和聚合物以及添加剂的组合物,例如羟基羧酸。US 5,543,188介绍了包含一种浸渍胶凝干混合物的聚合物涂层的膜组合物。US 2008/0060299和US 2006/0054059描述了基于具有柔性塑料垫、胶凝、聚合物改性涂层的柔性膜。
然而现有涂料涂层会随着时间慢慢变脆,因此不能形成耐久的柔性涂层。经证实,涂层变脆会降低其断裂伸长和裂缝桥接能力。然而为了保护涂敷的基材,裂缝桥接性能是非常重要的。由于地震或老化过程或其他的机械负担,在所述基材例如建筑物中可能形成裂缝。柔性涂层被用来将这种裂缝桥接起来从而防止水渗透至基材。然而假如涂层现在变脆并因此不再具有柔性,则经过一定的时间该涂层自身就易产生裂缝,或发展成其他种类的损伤,由此使水穿过涂层而渗入下面的基材内,结果导致相应的水损伤。于是由于变脆,涂层不再能够达到其目的,或不能充分地达到其目的。当涂层在潮湿或甚至湿条件下,会加速其变脆程度。具有耐久柔性的涂层,即具有持久柔性的涂层,如此的破坏应该能被防止。
在此背景下,本发明的目的是提供用于制造耐久柔性涂层的涂料组合物,该柔性涂层特别在潮湿或湿条件下比较不易变脆,因此为持久柔性。
发明内容
本发明首先提供一种涂料组合物,其以一种或多种矿物粘合剂、一种或多种聚合物、一种或多种填料和任选存在的一种或多种添加剂为主要成分,其中以涂料组合物干重计存在2至30%重量的石灰作为矿物粘合剂。
使用的聚合物一般是一种或多种烯键不饱和单体的加成聚合物。优选的烯键式不饱和单体选自以下的组:乙烯基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙烯基芳香族化合物、烯烃、1,3-二烯和卤乙烯,和其他任选地可与其共聚的单体。
适当的乙烯基酯为那些例如具有1至15个C原子的羧酸的乙烯酯。优选乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯、2-乙基己酸乙烯酯、月硅酸乙烯酯、乙酸1-甲基乙烯酯、新戊酸乙烯酯和具有9至11个C原子的α-分支单羧酸的乙烯基酯,例如VeoVa9R或VeoVa10R(Resolution公司的商品名);特别优选乙酸乙烯酯。
合适的丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯的单体为例如具有1至15个C原子、非分支或分支醇的酯。优选的甲基丙烯酸酯或丙烯酸酯为丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯。更优选为丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯。
优选的乙烯基芳香族化合物为苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯和乙烯基甲苯。优选的卤乙烯为氯乙烯。较佳的烯烃为乙烯、丙烯,优选的二烯为1,3-丁二烯和异戊二烯。
可选地,以单体混合物的总重量计,可共聚0至10重量%的辅助单体。优选使用0.1至5重量%的辅助单体。辅助单体的例子为烯键式不饱和的单羧酸和二羧酸,优选为丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、富马酸和马来酸;烯键式不饱和甲酰胺和腈,优选为丙烯酰胺和丙烯腈;富马酸和马来酸的单酯和二酯,例如二乙酯和二异丙酯,以及马来酸酐;烯键式不饱和的磺酸和/或其盐类,优选为乙烯基磺酸、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸。其他的例子为预交联的共聚单体,例如多烯键式不饱和的共聚单体,例如为邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、己二酸二乙烯酯、马来酸二烯丙酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯或氰尿酸三烯丙酯,或后交联的共聚单体,例子是丙烯酰胺基乙醇酸(AGA)、甲基丙烯酰胺基乙醇酸甲酯(MAGME)、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(NMA)、N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基烯丙基胺甲酸酯、烷基醚如N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺的异丁氧基醚或酯、N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺的异丁氧基醚或酯、和N-羟甲基烯丙基胺甲酸酯的异丁氧基醚或酯。同样适合的是环氧官能的共聚单体,如甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。此外的例子还包括硅官能的共聚单体,如丙烯酰氧基丙基三(烷氧基)硅烷和甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三(烷氧基)硅烷、乙烯基三烷氧基硅烷和乙烯基甲基二烷氧基硅烷,其中可存在的烷氧基包括例如乙氧基和乙氧基丙二醇醚基。上述还可以为具有羟基或CO基团的单体,例子是丙烯酸羟烷基酯和甲基丙烯酸羟烷基酯,如丙烯酸羟乙酯、羟丙酯或羟丁酯,或甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、羟丙酯或羟丁酯,以及化合物如双丙酮丙烯酰胺和乙酰基乙酰氧基乙基丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯。
优选为选自以下组中的一种或多种聚合物:乙烯基酯均聚物、乙烯基酯共聚物,其包括乙烯基酯、烯烃、乙烯基芳香族化合物、卤乙烯、丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、富马酸和/或马来酸单酯或二酯的一种或多种单体单元;(甲基)丙烯酸酯均聚物、(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物,其包括甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯、烯烃、乙烯基芳香族化合物、卤乙烯、富马酸和/或马来酸单酯或二酯的一种或多种单体单元;二烯烃如丁二烯或异戊二烯的均聚物或共聚物,以及烯烃如乙烯或丙烯的均聚物或共聚物,该二烯烃可以与例如苯乙烯、(甲基)丙烯酸酯或富马酸或马来酸的酯共聚;乙烯基芳香族化合物如苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯的均聚物或共聚物;卤乙烯化合物如氯乙烯的均聚物或共聚物,该聚合物同样可含有辅助单体。
特别优选为一种或多种乙烯基酯与1至50重量%乙烯的共聚物;乙酸乙烯酯与1至50重量%乙烯和1至50重量%的一种或多种其他共聚单体的共聚物,该其他共聚单体选自于在羧酸基中具有1至12个C原子的乙烯基酯,如丙酸乙烯酯、月桂酸乙烯酯、具有9至13个C原子的α-分支羧酸的乙烯基酯,例如VeoVa9、VeoVa10、VeoVa11;一种或多种乙烯基酯、1至50重量%的乙烯和优选1至60重量%的具有1至15个C原子的非分支或分支醇的(甲基)丙烯酸酯、更优选丙烯酸正丁酯或丙烯酸2-乙基己酯的共聚物;以及30至75重量%的乙酸乙烯酯、1至30重量%的月桂酸乙烯酯或具有9至11个C原子的α-分支羧酸的乙烯基酯以及1至30重量%的具有1至15个C原子的非分支或分支醇的(甲基)丙烯酸酯、更优选丙烯酸正丁酯或丙烯酸2-乙基己酯的共聚物,其还包含1至40重量%的乙烯;一种或多种乙烯基酯、1至50重量%的乙烯和1至60重量%的氯乙烯的共聚物;该聚合物可以还包含前述量的所述辅助单体,在所有情况下以重量%计的含量总和为100重量%。
特别优选为(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物,如丙烯酸正丁酯或丙烯酸2-乙基己酯的共聚物或甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸正丁酯和/或丙烯酸2-乙基己酯的共聚物;与选自丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯的一种或多种单体的苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物。与选自丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯和任选的乙烯的一种或多种单体的乙酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸酯共聚物;苯乙烯-1,3-丁二烯共聚物;该聚合物可以进一步包括前述数量的辅助单体,在所有情况下以重量%计含量总和为100重量%。
对于氯乙烯共聚物,特别优选共聚物实例为α-烯烃,其例如乙烯或丙烯;和/或乙烯基酯如醋酸乙烯酯;和/或具有1至15个C原子的醇的丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯,如丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯;和/或富马酸和/或马来酸的单酯或二酯,如马来酸或富马酸相应的二甲酯、甲基叔丁酯、二正丁酯、二叔丁酯和二乙酯。
最优选为乙酸乙烯酯和5至50重量%的乙烯的共聚物;或乙酸乙烯酯、1至50重量%的乙烯和1至50重量%的具有9至11个C原子的α-支链单羧酸的乙烯基酯的共聚物;或30至75重量%的乙酸乙烯酯、1至30重量%的月桂酸乙烯酯或具有9至11个C原子的α-支链羧酸的乙烯基酯以及1至30重量%的具有1至15个C原子的非支链或支链醇的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的共聚物,其进一步包含1至40重量%的乙烯;或乙酸乙烯酯、5至50重量%的乙烯和1至60重量%的氯乙烯的共聚物。
此外,最优共聚物是包含60至98重量%的氯乙烯单元和1至40重量%乙烯单元的氯乙烯-乙烯共聚物,在所有情况下,重量%计的用量是以该共聚物的总重量计,并且其总和为100%。可以通过EP 0 149 098 A2了解这种氯乙烯-乙烯共聚物。
以制备出-50℃至+30℃的玻璃化转变温度Tg来选择单体和共聚单体的重量分数,优选为-40℃至+10℃、更优选-30℃至0℃的玻璃转化温度。可用已知的方法,通过示差扫描量热法(DSC)测量该聚合物的玻璃转化温度Tg。此外可以预先用Fox方程式粗略计算Tg。根据Fox T.G.,Bull.Am.Physics Soc.1,3,123页(1956),如下计算:1/Tg=x1/Tg1+x2/Tg2+...+xn/Tgn,其中xn是单体n的质量分数(重量%/100),Tgn是单体n的均聚物的玻璃化转变温度,以开氏度计(Kelvins)。均聚物的Tg值列于Polymer Handbook第2版,J.Wiley Son,New York(1975)。
一般在含水介质中制备该聚合物,优选是通过乳液或悬浮液聚合法来制备该聚合物,例如DE-A 10 2008 043 988所描述的方法。在这些情况下得到的聚合物为含水分散体的形式。在聚合过程中,可以使用一般的保护胶体和/乳化剂,如DE-A 10 2008 043 988中所描述的。保护胶体可以是阴离子或优选阳离子的或非离子性的。此外,优选为阳离子和非离子性保护胶体的组合。优选的非离子性保护胶体为聚乙烯醇。优选的阳离子保护胶体为带有一个或多个阳离子电荷的聚合物,例如在E.W.Flick在Water Soluble Resins-an Industrial Guide,Noyes Publications,Park Ridge,N.J.,1991中描述的。优选保护胶体为水解度80至100摩尔%的部分水解或完全水解的聚乙烯醇,更优选为水解度80至94摩尔%的部分水解聚乙烯醇,且该聚乙烯醇在4%浓度的水溶液中的粘度(在20℃下的方法,DIN 53015)为1至30mPas。可使用本领域普通技术人员通常所熟知的方法获得所述的保护胶体,并且以单体的总重量计,一般在聚合过程中以总计1至20重量%的含量添加保护胶体。
可以如DE-A 10 2008 043 988所述将含水分散体形式的聚合物转换成相应的水可再分散粉末。在此情况下,以分散体中聚合物成分计,通常使用总量为3至30重量%、优选5至20重量%的干燥助剂。优选干燥助剂为上述的聚乙烯醇。
本发明重点为使用石灰作为矿物粘合剂。可使用例如熟石灰(limehydrate)、白熟石灰(white lime hydrate)、氧化钙(生石灰)或高水硬性石灰(high-hydraulic lime)作为石灰。
除了石灰之外,合适的矿物粘合剂为例如水泥、特别是波特兰水泥(portland cement)、铝酸盐水泥、尤其是硫铝酸钙水泥、凝灰岩水泥(trasscement)、熔渣水泥、镁氧水泥、磷酸盐水泥和高炉水泥、以及混合水泥、填料水泥、粉煤灰、硅微粉(microsilica)、熔渣砂、或石膏。因此除了石灰之外,在该涂料组合物中可以存在一种或多种其他的矿物粘合剂。其他优选矿物粘合剂是选自以下组的一种或多种水泥粘合剂:水泥、特别是波特兰水泥(portland cement)、铝酸盐水泥、尤其是硫铝酸钙水泥、凝灰岩水泥、熔渣水泥、镁氧水泥、磷酸盐水泥和高炉水泥、以及混合水泥、填料水泥。
适合的填料的例子为石英砂、细磨石英、细磨石灰岩、碳酸钙、白云土、粘土、白垩、白熟石灰、滑石或云母、粒状橡胶或硬填料,如硅酸铝、刚砂、玄武岩、碳化物如碳化硅或碳化钛、或产生火山灰反应(pozzolanic reaction)的填料,如粉煤灰、偏高岭土(metakaolin)、硅微粉。优选的填料为石英砂、细磨石英、细磨石灰岩、碳酸钙、碳酸钙镁(白云石)或白垩。该填料优选不包括砂砾。砂砾一般具有≥4毫米的平均粒径。
还可以使用所述填料的任意所需的混合物。优选的混合物包括一种或多种硅酸盐填料如沙子,和一种或多种选自碳酸钙、白垩、白云石和石灰岩的碳酸盐填料。优选的混合物以1∶1至4∶1的比例混合的一种或多种硅酸盐填料和一种或多种碳酸盐填料。
填料优选具有0.01至4mm、更优选0.02至3mm以及最优选0.03至2mm的平均粒径。
优选地,至少50至100重量%的填料具有0.001至0.5mm的粒径;更优选的至少70至100重量%的填料具有0.01至0.3mm的粒径;在所有情况下,这些数字以所用全部填料的干重计。由于根据本发明的填料粒径,在生产耐久柔性涂层的过程中可减少涂料组合物的收缩,如此可抵消在耐久柔性涂料之内的裂缝,并有助于裂缝桥接。
该涂料组合物的典型配方包括:优选10至60重量%、更优选20至55重量%以及最优选30至50重量%的聚合物;
优选2至30重量%、更优选2至20重量%以及最优选3至15重量%的石灰;
优选10至80重量%、更优选20至70重量%以及最优选40至60重量%的填料;
在此以重量%计的含量为涂料组合物的干重,且总和为100重量%。
以该矿物粘合剂的干重(即包括石灰)计,该矿物粘合剂包含优选30至100重量%、更优选50至100重量%以及最优选80至100重量%的石灰。
以该矿物粘合剂的干重(即包括石灰)计,该矿物粘合剂包含优选0至70重量%、更优选0至50重量%以及最优选0至20重量%的水泥粘合剂。
或者,在优选的实施例中,该涂料组合物不包括水泥粘合剂、粉煤灰、硅微粉、熔渣砂或石膏。特别优选该涂料组合物不包括水泥粘合剂。
该涂料组合物优选为干混合物。在使用之前,一般是通过添加水将该涂料组合物直接转变为含水涂料组合物。
以涂料组合物的干重计,含水涂料组合物包括优选15至50重量%,更优选20至40重量%的水。
可以通过使用添加剂或辅助助剂来改善涂料组合物的性能。适合的添加剂的实例包括颜料,特别是无机颜料如氧化物颜料、氧化物氢氧化物颜料、硫化物颜料、硫硒化物颜料、碳酸盐颜料、铬酸盐颜料、混合相的铬酸盐-钼酸盐颜料或硅酸盐颜料。在本发明中,优选颜料为钛、铁、铬或镉的颜料。最优选的颜料为二氧化钛。
适合的添加剂例如是高度分散的二氧化硅、其也简称HDK,例如火成二氧化硅(fumed silica)或沉积二氧化硅。以各自涂料组合物之干重计,高度分散二氧化硅优选以0.1至3重量%、更优选0.1至1重量%的量存在于涂料组合物中。通过使用高度分散的二氧化硅能够进一步防止水渗入柔性涂层。此外,高度分散二氧化硅还具有有利的加工性能,因为相应的含水涂料组合物是较为不粘的,其在矿物粘合剂的凝固过程中更快变干。
优选添加剂还可以是层状硅酸盐(phyllosilicates)。包括层状硅酸盐的涂料组合物会产生高度不透水的柔性涂层。以涂料组合物的干重计,层状硅酸盐优选以0至3重量%,更优选0.1至2重量%的量存在。
优选的添加剂还可以是纤维。合适的纤维实例为凯芙拉(Kevlar)、粘胶纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚酯纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维、特拉伦(Dralon)纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚乙烯醇纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维或碳纤维。以涂料组合物的干重计,纤维优选以0至3重量%,更优选0.1至2重量%的量存在。使用纤维可以在涂料中产生更牢固的裂缝桥接性能。
通常用于涂料组合物的辅助助剂为增稠剂,实例为多糖例如纤维素醚和改性纤维素醚、淀粉醚、瓜尔胶、黄原胶、聚羧酸如聚丙烯酸及其偏酯(partial esters),以及任选地进行乙酰化或经疏水改性的聚乙烯醇、以及酪蛋白和缔结型增稠剂。常见的辅助助剂还可以是交联剂,如金属氧化物或半金属氧化物、更特别是硼酸或聚硼酸盐,或二醛如戊二醛;
常见的辅助助剂还可以是促凝剂,实例是无机或有机酸的碱金属盐或碱土金属盐。此外,辅助助剂还可以是防腐剂、成膜助剂、分散剂、泡沫稳定剂、消泡剂、增塑剂、流控剂和阻燃剂(例如氢氧化铝)。
通常辅助助剂部分在整个涂料组合物中的比例是0至20重量%,优选0.1至15重量%、更优选0.1至10重量%,在所有情况下以涂料组合物的干重计。
以矿物粘合剂、聚合物、填料和任选存在的添加剂为主要成分的涂料组合物的制备不限于任何具体的程序或者混合装置。可通过在传统粉末混合装置中,例如使用砂浆混合器、混凝土混合器或胶凝机(plastermachines)或搅拌器,混合配方中的各个组分,并使其均质化,以获得涂料组合物。通常在混合阶段中是使用干态的各个成分。
聚合物可以以含水分散体形式或以水可再分散粉末形式使用。
举例来说,该柔性涂料组合物可以以单组分体系或双组分体系的形式提供。单组分体系包括涂料组合物的所有成分。对于单组分体系,该配方一般是干配方。单组分体系优选是通过预先混合聚合物、添加剂和任选的辅助助剂,和在随后的时间混合矿物粘合剂和填料来制备。为制造含水涂料组合物,可以在随后的任意时间混合水,而通常是在使用前的短暂时间内混合水。
双组分体系包括第一组分和第二组分。第一组分包括除了聚合物之外的所有柔性涂料组合物的成分。第一组分一般是干配方。第二组分包括聚合物,优选为含水分散体形式的聚合物。为了制备可以可含水涂料组合物,将第一组分和第二组分混合,再适当时间添加水。
本发明进一步提供以一种或多种矿物粘合剂、一种或多种聚合物、一种或多种填料和任选的一种或多种添加剂为主要成分的涂料组合物制备耐久柔性涂层的用途,其中,以涂料组合物的干重计,在该涂料组合物中存在2至30重量%的石灰作为矿物粘合剂。
耐久柔性涂层的涂层厚度优选为1至10mm,更优选2至5mm,以及最优选2至3mm。
该涂料组合物可以用于任意的基材。该基材可以是例如有机或无机的、天然或合成的。天然基材的实例为地板、岩石、石头或碎石(scree)。合成基材的实例主要是来自建筑领域的基材,如以含有矿物粘合剂的组合物为主要成分的基材、特别是混凝土或碎片(screed),以及木质材料、塑性材料,特别是聚氨酯泡沫板、或金属,特别是铝。优选建筑领域的基材。
可以手工方法或机械方法施涂该含水涂料组合物。在手工方法的情况下,借助于粗刷、细刷、辊、刀、抹子、桨状物(paddle)或铲将该含水涂料组合物施涂于基材上。在机械方法的情况下,通过喷涂机、胶泥机或自动机械将该含水涂料组合物施涂于基材上。可在另一涂层施用该涂料组合物的两层或更多层涂层。优选是在基材上施涂仅一层涂层的涂料组合物。于涂料组合物施涂在基材上以后,可以使用如平整圆板或桨状物平整工具将施用的涂层表面平整化。
在环境温度下,即通常在0至50℃的温度下、更尤其在5至35℃的温度下施用该涂料组合物。
在施用该涂料组合物之前,可以在基材上涂底漆。适合的底漆实例包括上述聚合物的含水分散体,优选具有10至50%的固体含量。
最后,可以将其他的涂层施用于本发明的耐久柔性涂层上,例如,油漆涂层或瓷砖的贴面或面层或用于内部或外部的厚片。还可以考虑地板填充化合物或碎片的涂层。然而,在多数情况下,本发明的涂料为顶层或面漆。
该涂料组合物优选是用于制备耐久柔性涂层,该涂层用于矿井或隧道,更优选用于制备矿井。
令人吃惊的是,与传统的水泥涂料相比,本发明的涂料组合物可产生耐久柔性涂层,其具有改善的断裂伸长性能,由此改善了裂缝桥接能力,可抵消涂料的脆性。令人吃惊的,这些说明指出涂料承受湿润或湿度条件的程度实际上有所增加。在此条件下,与相应的水泥涂料不同,实际上增加了本发明涂料的裂缝桥接的性能。因此,根据本发明获得的涂料尤其适用于保护建筑,例如防止渗水。
以下述实施例详细说明本发明,但本发明的范围不应仅限于此。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的实施例1:
按以下顺序,在搅拌下将下述配方的各个组分加入Toni混合器(商业试验混合器)中,制备涂料组合物:首先加入熟石灰,然后加入填料、分散体粉末,最后加入其余的添加剂。在此之后,在设置1上均匀混合15分钟。以在EN 196-1中所述的方式,使用所述量的水,由所得的干混合料制得含水涂料组合物。
将该含水涂料组合物以2毫米的湿膜厚度用于特氟龙(Teflon)模板组件(底部面积:30×15cm)上。用抹子整平湿膜。根据DIN 50014,在标准条件下存储24小时之后,固化该膜,并去除特氟龙模板组件之后,将其放置于以下的存储条件:
-将一个薄膜在标准条件(23℃/50%相对湿度)下储存28天(干储存),
-继上述干储存之后,将另外同样的薄膜在23℃下在自来水中储存另外38天,其后在标准条件下(23℃/50%相对湿度)储存28天(湿储存)。
涂料组合物的配方:
10重量%的熟石灰,
0.5重量%的高度分散的二氧化硅(Wacker HDK H 15),
0.5重量%的消泡剂(Agitan P 800),
1.5重量%的无机层状硅酸盐增稠剂(Optibent MF),
13.4重量%的Omyacarb 20 BG(碳酸盐填料),和
34.1重量的沙子(0.063至0.3mm;硅酸盐填料)。
比较例2
与本发明实施例1相似,不同之处在于使用以下配方制备涂料组合物:
10重量%的波特兰水泥CEM I 42.5 N,
0.5重量%的高度分散的二氧化硅(Wacker HDK H 15),
0.5重量%的消泡剂(Agitan P 800),
1.5重量%的无机层状硅酸盐增稠剂(Optibent MF),
17.8重量%的Omyacarb 20 BG(碳酸盐填料),和
39.7重量的沙子(0.063至0.3mm;硅酸盐填料)。
因此,该配方包含波特兰水泥,而不是实施例1中的熟石灰。
性能试验
根据ISO 527-3(8/1995),由分别在本发明实施例1和比较例2的干储存和湿储存之后得到的各个薄膜上冲压得到2型1B的标准条。
然后根据ISO 527-3(8/1995)用拉伸试验测定该标准条的抗张强度和断裂伸长率。以50毫米/分钟的拉伸速度拉伸该标准条直至断裂。试验的结果列于表1中。
表:涂料的测试
令人吃惊地,本发明实施例1在湿储存之后的断裂伸长率的数值高于干储存之后(表1)。这与水泥涂料已知的特性(比较例2)形成对比。而且,在干储存和湿储存中,本发明实施例1的涂料呈现出比胶结涂料(比较例2)更好的抗张强度。因为抗张强度与涂料的裂缝桥接性能相关,因此本发明的涂料尤其是可挠的。其特别适用在需暴露于湿润条件下的涂料。
Claims (10)
1.涂料组合物,其以一种或多种矿物粘合剂、一种或多种聚合物、一种或多种填料和任选存在的一种或多种添加剂为主要成分,其特征在于,基于所述涂料组合物的干重,在所述涂料组合物中含有2至30重量%的石灰作为矿物粘合剂。
2.如权利要求1的涂料组合物,其特征在于,所述聚合物包括一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体的一种或多种加成聚合物。
3.如权利要求1或2的涂料组合物,其特征在于,所述填料包括一种或多种硅酸盐填料与一种或多种碳酸盐填料的混合物。
4.如权利要求1至3的涂料组合物,其特征在于,基于所述涂料组合物的干重,所述涂料组合物包含10至60重量%的聚合物。
5.如权利要求1至4的涂料组合物,其特征在于,基于所述矿物粘合剂的干重,30至100重量%的矿物粘合剂是石灰。
6.如权利要求1至5的涂料组合物,其特征在于,基于所述矿物粘合剂的干重,0至70重量%的矿物粘合剂是水泥粘合剂。
7.如权利要求1至6的涂料组合物,其特征在于,所述添加剂包括一种或多种高度分散的二氧化硅和/或一种或多种层状硅酸盐。
8.如权利要求1至7的涂料组合物作为密封灰浆、建筑粘合剂、接缝砂浆、修补砂浆或底灰的用途。
9.如权利要求1至8的涂料组合物用于制备耐久柔性涂层的用途。
10.如权利要求9的涂料组合物的用途,其特征在于,所述耐久柔性涂层的层厚度为1至10mm。
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CN103496932A (zh) * | 2013-09-25 | 2014-01-08 | 广西科技大学 | 一种粉煤灰无机特种古建筑墙体涂料及其制备方法 |
CN108290378A (zh) * | 2015-12-23 | 2018-07-17 | Sika技术股份公司 | 具有矿物粘结剂组分的接触层 |
CN110770023A (zh) * | 2017-06-23 | 2020-02-07 | Sika技术股份公司 | 一种防水体系 |
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RU2652689C2 (ru) * | 2012-12-14 | 2018-04-28 | Хенкель Аг Унд Ко. Кгаа | Способ получения поливинилацетатной дисперсии |
CN103293037B (zh) * | 2013-02-06 | 2017-02-08 | 东莞龙昌智能技术研究院 | 含铅油漆涂层标准物质及其制备方法 |
CN103308357B (zh) * | 2013-04-20 | 2016-12-28 | 东莞龙昌智能技术研究院 | 一种铅油漆涂层标准物质及制备方法 |
US9796871B2 (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2017-10-24 | Tri-Texco Inc. | Anti efflorescence composition |
PL3393993T3 (pl) * | 2015-12-23 | 2021-12-20 | Sika Technology Ag | Warstwa stykowa z wypełniaczem stałym |
EP3713973B1 (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2022-08-10 | Arkema France | Emulsion polymer composition and use thereof in low odor waterproofing coatings |
BE1028752B1 (fr) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-05-31 | New Lime Dev | Composition de traitement de support, en particulier de sol |
WO2022117534A1 (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2022-06-09 | Basf Se | Composition for watertight coverings |
CN113175107B (zh) * | 2021-04-23 | 2022-09-23 | 广东新江永安建设工程有限公司 | 一种防潮墙体及其施工方法 |
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DE102010039319A1 (de) | 2012-02-16 |
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US20130143023A1 (en) | 2013-06-06 |
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