Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K20/10—Organic substances
  • A23K20/195—Antibiotics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K20/10—Organic substances
  • A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A23K20/121—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen or sulfur as hetero atom
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
  • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/7028—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/02—Stomatological preparations, e.g. drugs for caries, aphtae, periodontitis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an oral flora-improving agent, an antibacterial agent, and a growth promoter each containing as an active ingredient a ganglioside. Also, the present invention relates to a drink and food or feed having an oral flora-improving effect, an antibacterial effect, and a growth promoting effect, and having ganglioside blended therewith.
• Antibacterial components for preventing decay include bactericides such as chlorhexidine, antibiotics, nonionic (non-ionic) and anionic (negative ionic) surfactants (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 4).
• bactericides such as chlorhexidine, antibiotics, nonionic (non-ionic) and anionic (negative ionic) surfactants
• Patent Documents 1 to 4 some of the antibacterial components also have side effects such as toxicity.
• Some of the antibacterial components have disadvantages in that when the antibacterial components are orally taken, the antibacterial components present uncomfortable bitterness or stain the teeth or oral mucous membrane.
• the bacteria that constitute the oral flora include both harmful pathogenic bacteria (malignant bacteria) and harmless and useful bacteria (beneficial bacteria).
• harmful bacteria in the oral cavity include Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus anginosus, Staphylococcus aureus, and the like.
• useful bacteria include Streptococcus mitis, and the like.
• Streptococcus sobrinus which is known as a dental decay bacterium, is stronger in harmness than Streptococcus mutans and is notorious as a cause of caries in the clinical field.
• Streptococcus anginosus is often detected from the oral cavity of patients suffered from esophageal cancer and hence the possibility is suggested that Streptococcus anginosus will be a cause of esophageal cancer.
• Staphylococcus aureus is not only widely known as a pathogen of various abscesses but also is said to cause a complication such as pneumonia accompanying a decrease in immunity or infection with virus such as influenza, which can be a direct cause for gravity of the disease or death.
• Streptococcus mitis is a habitant that generally exists in the oral cavity and is said to occupy 80% of the oral bacteria, and is known to be an important bacterial species for forming a constant flora.
• the present invention relates to an oral flora-improving agent containing a ganglioside as an active ingredient and to a drink, a food or a feed for improving the oral flora.
• Gangliosides are known to prevent infection by antagonistically inhibiting viruses, bacteria, bacterial toxins, and the like from attaching to trachea, or digestive tracts.
• gangliosides themselves have antibacterial effects.
• gangliosides have antibacterial effects against harmful oral bacteria and simultaneously growth promoting effects for useful oral bacteria.
• the inventors of the present invention have already filed a patent application for an invention on obtaining effects for preventing and improving periodontal diseases by using a compound having a sphingosine skeleton as an active ingredient (see Patent Document 5).
• the compound having a sphingosine skeleton includes a ganglioside.
• this invention is based on the finding that the compound having a sphingosine skeleton has the effect of inhibiting the bone resorption effect of osteoclasts and is effective in preventing periodontal diseases by suppressing a decrease in alveolar bone.
• this invention is different from the present invention that relates to the finding that gangliosides have antibacterial effect and to an oral flora-improving agent that has antibacterial effects to harmful oral bacteria and growth promoting effects for useful oral bacteria that always inhabit, simultaneously.
• an antibacterial agent that has an antibacterial effect against harmful bacteria in the oral cavity but has growth promoting effects without inhibiting the growth thereof, and is mild to useful oral bacteria.
• the inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies on food components that exhibit an antibacterial effect against undesirable bacteria among bacteria in the oral cavity from the viewpoint of diseases such as decay and periodontal diseases but have a growth promoting effect to bacteria in the oral cavity to be preserved from the viewpoint of forming desirable flora in the oral cavity.
• the inventors of the present invention have newly found that gangliosides separated and purified from milk of a mammal have such the effects, thereby achieving the present invention.
• Gangliosides are known to prevent infection by antagonistically inhibiting viruses, bacteria, bacterial toxins, and the like from attaching to air tubes, i.e., tracheae, or digestive tracts.
• gangliosides themselves have an antibacterial effect. It is yet a novel finding that gangliosides have an antibacterial effect against harmful oral bacteria and simultaneously growth promoting effects for useful oral bacteria.
• gangliosides have an antibacterial effect against harmful oral bacteria and simultaneously growth promoting effects for useful oral bacteria.
• Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus anginosus, and Staphylococcus aureus are known as the harmful oral bacteria.
• Known useful bacteria include Streptococcus mitis, and the like. Investigation on the effect of the gangliosides purified from milk on those bacteria in theoral cavity revealed that all the gangliosides have an antibacterial effect against harmful bacteria and a growth promoting effect to useful bacteria.
• the present invention relates to an oral flora-improving agent that contains a ganglioside as an active ingredient. Further, the present invention relates to a food, a drink, or a feed for improving the oral flora having blended therein a ganglioside.
• the present invention relates to an antibacterial agent and antibacterial drink, food, or feed each of which contains a ganglioside as an active ingredient and has an antibacterial effect against undesirable bacteria in the oral cavity.
• the antibacterial agent, antibacterial drink, food, or feed of the present invention has an antibacterial effect against harmful oral bacteria but has no antibacterial effect to useful oral bacteria, so such the antibacterial agent and antibacterial drink, food, or feed are very effective.
• the present invention relates to a growth promoter and growth promoting drink, food, or feed that contain a ganglioside as an active ingredient and has a growth promoting effect to oral bacteria to be preserved in the oral cavity.
• the growth promoter and growth promoting drink, food, or feed have a growth promoting effect to useful oral bacteria but have no growth promoting effect to harmful oral bacteria but have an antibacterial effect thereto instead, so such the growth promoter and growth promoting drink, food, or feed are very effective.
• gangliosides Prevention of the growth of harmful bacteria and promotion of the growth of useful bacteria that always exist by gangliosides are extremely effective for maintaining the oral flora in a good state and can be utilized for the prevention of various diseases caused by the oral bacteria. Therefore, by blending gangliosides to form a preparation, an oral flora-improving agent that contains a ganglioside as an active ingredient and has the effects of preventing the growth of harmful bacteria and promoting the growth of useful bacteria that always exist can be provided. Further, by blending gangliosides in a drink or a food, a drink, a food, or feed for improving the oral flora can be provided.
• the present invention can provide an antibacterial agent and an antibacterial drink, food, or feed that contain a ganglioside as an active ingredient and have an antibacterial effect against undesirable bacteria in the oral cavity.
• the present invention can provide a growth promoter and a drink, food, or feed for promoting growth that contain a ganglioside as an active ingredient and have a growth promoting effect to oral bacteria to be preserved.
• the origin of the gangliosides according to the present invention is not particularly limited.
• gangliosides obtained from milk as a raw material are desirable as gangliosides to be used as the oral flora-improving agent or the drink, food, or feed for improving the oral flora; the antibacterial agent or the antibacterial drink, food, or feed; and the growth promoter or the drink, food, or feed for growth promotion.
• the fact that milk contains much ganglioside GD3 is a reason that milk is desirable as a raw material.
• the method therefor is not particularly limited.
• gangliosides can be prepared as fat globule membranes from butter milk by a method such as dialysis, ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, or isoelectric point precipitation.
• a material containing a high content of gangliosides can be prepared by preparing a decomposate solution from milk with a proteolytic enzyme and subjecting the decomposate solution to gel filtration or ultrafiltration.
• gangliosides can be prepared by using a microfiltration membrane having a pore size of 0.1 ⁇ m or less or by a process employing an ultrafiltration membrane having a molecular weight cut-off of 100,000 Da or more (JP-A-05-269353). Further, ganglioside GM3 can be prepared by hydrolyzing ganglioside GD3 (JP-A-05-279379) or by reacting sialidase on ganglioside GD3.
• an oral flora-improving agent or an oral flora-improving drink, food, or feed; an antibacterial agent or an antibacterial drink, food, or feed; and a growth promoter or a growth promoting drink, food, or feed can be provided.
• ganglioside GD3 and ganglioside GM3 do not have to be separated and may be used as mixtures thereof.
• ganglioside content fraction that contains ganglioside GT3 as well as ganglioside GM3 and ganglioside GD3 in the oral flora-improving agent or the oral flora-improving drink, food, or feed; the antibacterial agent or the antibacterial drink, food, or feed; and the growth promoter or the growth promoting drink, food, or feed according to the present invention.
• the oral flora-improving agent, antibacterial agent, and growth promoter are used as medicines, their forms are not particularly limited and depending on the administration method, kind of disease to which they are applied, shape and sites and other conditions, various forms such as tablets, capsules, powder, granules, and drinks can be selected as appropriate. Therefore, the above-mentioned oral flora-improving agent, antibacterial agent, and growth promoter of the present invention can be used as they are as medicines or in combination with various additives (i.e., sugars, starches, and alcohols) which are generally used, such as carriers and diluents.
• additives i.e., sugars, starches, and alcohols
• the oral flora-improving agent, antibacterial agent, and growth promoter of the present invention can be prepared and used in various forms that can be applied to the oral cavity including tooth care preparations such as toothpaste, tooth powder, and tooth liquid, mouth wash, gargles, oral paste, gingival massage cream, gargling tablets, and lozenges.
• tooth care preparations such as toothpaste, tooth powder, and tooth liquid, mouth wash, gargles, oral paste, gingival massage cream, gargling tablets, and lozenges.
• polishing agents such as dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, anhydrous dicalcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, calcium pyrophosphate, insoluble sodium metaphosphate, amorphous silica, crystalline silica, aluminosilicate, aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, trimagnesium phosphate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, titanium oxide, and resin can be blended in amounts of generally 5 to 95%, preferably 15 to 60%.
• binders such as carboxymethylcellulose sodium, methylcellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose sodium, hydroxyethylcellulose, sodium alginate, carrageenan, gum arabic, xanthan gum, tragacanth gum, karaya gum, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate, carboxyvinyl polymer, and polyvinylpyrrolidone can be blended in amounts of generally 0.3 to 5%.
• viscosity improvers such as polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, sorbitol, glycerin, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, xylit, maltit, and lactit can be blended in amounts of generally 10 to 70%.
• essential oils such as peppermint and spearmint
• flavor materials such as 1-menthol, carvone, eugenol, and anethol
• sweeteners and antiseptics such as saccharin sodium, stevioside, neohesperidyl dihydrochalcone, glycyrrhizin, perillartin, and p-methoxycinnamic aldehyde are blended as appropriate.
• active ingredients such as mutanase, sorbic acid, alexidine, hinokitiol, cetylpyridinium chloride, alkylglycine, alkyl diaminoethyl glycinate, allantoin, ⁇ -aminocaproic acid, tranexamic acid, azulene, vitamin E, water-soluble mono- or diphosphate, quaternary ammonium compounds, sodium chloride, and herbal medicine extracts can be blended.
• the oral flora-improving, antibacterial, and growth promoting drink or food of the present invention can be prepared and used in various forms that are applied to the oral cavity, such as candies, chewing gums, cold beverages, milk beverages, fermented milk, ice cream and whipped cream.
• gangliosides can be directly added to main materials of the drink or food or a mixture of gangliosides and water can be added to the drink or food such as candies, chewing gums, cold beverages, milk beverages, fermented milk, cheese food, confectionary, bread and snack food.
• the oral flora-improving, antibacterial, and growth promoting feed of the present invention can be prepared and used in a general form of feed that is given to animals such as a pet food.
• gangliosides can be directly added to main materials of the feed or a mixture of gangliosides and water can be added to feed such as a pet food.
• Intake or dosage of each of the oral flora-improving agent, antibacterial agent, and growth improving agent according to the present invention is not settled in general as depending on the kind of the oral bacteria and the like, in the case of an adult whose weight is 60 Kg, the intake or dosage is generally 0.1 to 100 mg, or preferably 1 to 10 mg per day.
• the amount of the gangliosides with respect to food is usually 0.1 mg to 10 g/100 g, preferably 1 mg to 1 g/100 g. If the amount of gangliosides is less than 0.1 mg/100 g, the effects obtained are weak and the amount of gangliosides of more than 10 g/100 g provides the effects not so much improved.
• Each solidified medium was provided with a hole of about 2.5 mm in diameter and 5 ⁇ l of each solution of ganglioside GM3 or ganglioside GD3 derived from milk for the evaluation of the antibacterial effect was added to the hole and incubated at 37° C. for 1 hour. Further, a sterilized medium obtained by dissolving 0.6 g of Tryptic Soy medium and 100 mg of agarose in 10 ml of ultrapure water was superposed on the solidified medium and left to solidify at room temperature, and then stationary cultured in an incubator at 37° C. After 18 hours, the diameter of a clear zone formed around the hole formed in the medium was measured.
• a length obtained by subtracting the diameter (mm) of the hole formed in the medium from the diameter (mm) of a clear zone formed by inhibition of the growth of the bacterium was defined as antibacterial activity.
• colonies of the bacterium were formed around the hole in the medium and an opaque zone was observed, it was assumed that growth promotion took place, and a length obtained by subtracting the diameter (mm) of the hole formed in the medium from the diameter (mm) of an opaque zone was defined as growth promotion activity.
• the bacterial strains subjected to the test include Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 strain, Streptococcus anginosus ATCC33397 strain, and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strain as harmful oral bacteria; Streptococcus agalactiae ATCC46448 strain and Actinomyces naeslundii JCM8349 strain as habitant oral bacteria; and Streptococcus mitis GTC495 strain, Streptococcus mitis ATCC6249 strain, and Streptococcus mitis ATCC903 strain as useful oral bacteria.
• Bacitracin which is an antibacterial component separated from Bacillus subtilis, was used as a positive control and a sample showing an antibacterial activity of 2.0 mm or more was judged to be positive (having an antibacterial activity).
• a sample having a growth promoting activity of 1.0 mm or more was judged to be positive (having a growth promoting activity).
• ganglioside GM3 or ganglioside GD3 purified from milk each had an antibacterial effect on harmful bacteria but a growth promoting effect on useful bacteria.
• a ganglioside derived from milk was prepared. That is, trypsin, which is a proteolytic enzyme, was allowed to act on a milk substance containing a ganglioside at 40° C. for 15 hours to decompose proteins and the obtained protein decomposate solution was dialyzed through a membrane having a molecular weight cut-off of 10,000 to obtain a high ganglioside content fraction. The high ganglioside content fraction was freeze-dried and then dissolved in a chloroform-methanol (1:1) solution.
• anion exchange resin DEAE-Sephadex: produced by Pharmacia
• ganglioside GD3 and ganglioside GM3 do not have to be separated and can be utilized as a mixture of the both. In this case, the fraction A is used.
• the fraction A was fractionated. That is, the fraction A was suspended in a chloroform-methanol (8:8(v/v)) solution and the suspension was added to a silica gel column (Iatrobead; produced by Iatron Laboratories, Inc) and subjected to gradient elution from 8:2 (v/v) to 2:8 (v/v) of a chloroform-methanol solution to fractionate it into a ganglioside GM3 fraction (fraction B), a ganglioside GD3 fraction (fraction C), and a ganglioside GT3 fraction (fraction D). Detection of each ganglioside fraction by thin layer chromatography indicated that each ganglioside fraction had a purity of 95% or more.
• ganglioside GD3 ganglioside fraction C in Reference Example 1
• lactose Japan Pharmacopoeia
• potato starch Japan Pharmacopoeia
• the antibacterial powder of the present invention for undesirable oral bacteria was produced.
• the growth promoting powder of the present invention for desirable oral bacteria was produced.
• the oral flora-improving agent, antibacterial agent, and growth promoter of the present invention can be used as medicines as they are and in addition, the oral flora-improving agent, antibacterial agent, and growth promoter can be combined with various additives generally used, such as carriers and diluents, as necessary.
• gangliosides can be directly added to main materials of a drink or a food or a mixture of ganglioside with water can be added to various forms that can be applied to the oral cavity, such as candies, chewing gums, cold beverages, milk beverages, fermented milk, ice cream, and whipped cream. Accordingly, oral flora-improving, antibacterial, and growth promoting drink and food can be prepared.
• gangliosides can be directly added to main materials of feed.
• a mixture of gangliosides with water can be prepared into forms that can be generally added to animals and can be added to feed such as pet food. Accordingly, an oral flora-improving, antibacterial, and growth promoting feed can be prepared.

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• 2004
  • 2004-05-07 JP JP2004139080A patent/JP4965063B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2005
  • 2005-05-06 NZ NZ551555A patent/NZ551555A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-05-06 EP EP05737369.8A patent/EP1747783B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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  • 2005-05-06 AU AU2005239926A patent/AU2005239926B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2005-05-06 US US11/579,600 patent/US20070270377A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-05-06 WO PCT/JP2005/008348 patent/WO2005107769A1/ja active Application Filing
  • 2005-05-06 CN CNA2005800144153A patent/CN1950093A/zh active Pending
• 2009
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