US20060012593A1 - Liquid crystal display apparatus, portable device, and drive method for liquid crystal display apparatus - Google Patents

Liquid crystal display apparatus, portable device, and drive method for liquid crystal display apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060012593A1
US20060012593A1 US11/182,639 US18263905A US2006012593A1 US 20060012593 A1 US20060012593 A1 US 20060012593A1 US 18263905 A US18263905 A US 18263905A US 2006012593 A1 US2006012593 A1 US 2006012593A1
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Prior art keywords
gate
liquid crystal
gate lines
crystal display
pixel
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US11/182,639
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Masao Iriguchi
Naoyasu Ikeda
Shin-ichi Uehara
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Tianma Japan Ltd
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NEC Corp
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Publication of US20060012593A1 publication Critical patent/US20060012593A1/en
Assigned to NEC LCD TECHNOLOGIES, LTD. reassignment NEC LCD TECHNOLOGIES, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NEC CORPORATION
Priority to US12/892,182 priority Critical patent/US8199173B2/en
Assigned to NLT TECHNOLOGIES, LTD. reassignment NLT TECHNOLOGIES, LTD. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NEC LCD TECHNOLOGIES, LTD.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/001—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes using specific devices not provided for in groups G09G3/02 - G09G3/36, e.g. using an intermediate record carrier such as a film slide; Projection systems; Display of non-alphanumerical information, solely or in combination with alphanumerical information, e.g. digital display on projected diapositive as background
    • G09G3/003—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes using specific devices not provided for in groups G09G3/02 - G09G3/36, e.g. using an intermediate record carrier such as a film slide; Projection systems; Display of non-alphanumerical information, solely or in combination with alphanumerical information, e.g. digital display on projected diapositive as background to produce spatial visual effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
    • G09G3/3648—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using an active matrix
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/305—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using lenticular lenses, e.g. arrangements of cylindrical lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/04—Structural and physical details of display devices
    • G09G2300/0439—Pixel structures
    • G09G2300/0452—Details of colour pixel setup, e.g. pixel composed of a red, a blue and two green components
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
    • G09G3/3614—Control of polarity reversal in general

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display apparatus in which display pixels each comprising a plurality of sub pixels are arranged in a matrix form, a portable device equipped with the liquid crystal display apparatus, and a drive method for the liquid crystal display apparatus.
  • the type that uses glasses includes an anaglyph type which uses color differences, and a polarizing glass type which uses polarization.
  • the glass-less type includes a lenticular lens type and a parallax barrier type.
  • a parallax barrier 105 is a barrier (light-shielding plate) having multiple vertically striped thin openings or slits 105 a formed.
  • a liquid crystal display panel 106 is arranged close to one top surface of the parallax barrier 105 .
  • right-eye pixels 123 and left-eye pixels 124 are alternately arranged in a direction orthogonal to the lengthwise direction of the slits 105 a .
  • a light source 108 is arranged close to one other top surface of the parallax barrier 105 , i.e., on the opposite side to the display panel 106 .
  • a right eye 141 of an observer 104 should lie in a region where the entire light beam 181 corresponding to a plurality of right-eye pixels 123 passes, and a left eye 142 of the observer 104 should lie in a region where the entire light beam 182 corresponding to a plurality of left-eye pixels 124 passes.
  • the center, 143 , of the right eye 141 and the left eye 142 of the observer is positioned in a rectangular stereoscope visible region 107 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • An imaginary plane on which the distance from the display panel 106 in the stereoscope visible region 107 becomes the optimal observation distance OD is called an optimal observation plane 107 b . Accordingly, lights from the right-eye pixels 123 and the left-eye pixels 124 respectively reach the right eye 141 and the left eye 142 of the observer. This allows the observer to recognize an image displayed on the display panel 106 as a stereoscopic image.
  • the parallax barrier type when conceived, had the parallax barrier located between the pixels and the eyes, which brought about an annoyance and a low visibility.
  • the recent achievement of liquid crystal display panels has made it possible to lay out the parallax barrier 105 at the back of the display panel 106 as shown in FIG. 1 , thereby resulting in an improved visibility. Accordingly, intensive studies have been made on stereoscopic image display apparatuses of the parallax barrier type at present.
  • the product is a mobile telephone equipped with a 3D-adapted liquid crystal display panel which constitutes a stereoscopic image display apparatus and has a size of 2.2 inches in diagonal with display dots of 176 dots horizontal ⁇ 220 dots vertical.
  • the liquid crystal display panel has a liquid crystal panel for switches that enable and disable the effect of the parallax barrier, and can change the display mode between stereoscopic display and two-dimensional display.
  • the display definition of the apparatus in two-dimensional image display mode is 128 dpi both in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. In stereoscopic display mode, however, the apparatus alternately displays an image for the left eye and an image for the right eye in a vertical stripe pattern as mentioned above, so that the horizontal display definition is 64, a half the vertical display definition of 128 dpi.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a lenticular lens
  • FIG. 3 is an optical model diagram showing a stereoscopic image display method which uses a lenticular lens.
  • a lenticular lens 121 has one side flat, and the other side on which a plurality of barrel projections (cylindrical lenses 122 ) extending in one direction are formed in such a way as to be in parallel to one another in the lengthwise direction.
  • the lenticular lens 121 , the display panel 106 and the light source 108 are arranged in order from the observer's side, and the pixels of the display panel 106 are positioned at the focal plane of the lenticular lens 121 .
  • the pixels 123 for displaying an image for the right eye 141 and the pixels 124 for displaying an image for the left eye 142 are alternately arranged.
  • a group of the adjoining pixels 123 and pixels 124 corresponds to each cylindrical lens (projecting portion) 122 of the lenticular lens 121 .
  • light rays from the light source 108 which have transmitted through the individual pixels are adequately directed toward the right and left eyes by the cylindrical lenses 122 of the lenticular lens 121 .
  • This allows the right and left eyes of an observer to identify different images, so that the observer can recognize a stereoscopic image.
  • the parallax barrier type “hides” unnecessary light rays with the barrier, whereas the lenticular lens type changes the travel direction of light rays and, in principle, the provision of the lenticular lens does not reduce the brightness of the display screen. In this respect, it seems promising to adapt the lenticular lens type particularly to portable devices or the like for which the high luminance display and low power consumption are important factors.
  • the liquid crystal display panel which constitutes the stereoscopic image display apparatus has a size of 7 inches in diagonal with display dots of 800 dots horizontal ⁇ 480 dots vertical.
  • the display mode can be changed between stereoscopic display and two-dimensional display by changing the distance between the lenticular lens and the liquid crystal display panel by 0.6 mm.
  • the number of horizontal view points is five, so that five different images can be seen as the angle is changed in the horizontal direction.
  • the horizontal resolution in stereoscopic image display mode is reduced to 1 ⁇ 5 of the resolution in two-dimensional image display mode.
  • a multi-image simultaneous display has been developed as an image display apparatus using a lenticular lens.
  • This display simultaneously displays images different from one another in different observation directions using the light directing function of the lenticular lens.
  • This can allow the multi-image simultaneous display to provide a plurality of observers, positioned in different directions with respect to the display, with different images simultaneously.
  • Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei6-332354 describes that the use of the multi-image simultaneous display can reduce the layout space and the electric charge or the like as compared with the case where displays equal in number to persons involved.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing the liquid crystal display panel portion of an active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus.
  • the liquid crystal display apparatus is provided with a liquid crystal display panel 1 , and a gate line drive circuit 8 and a data line drive circuit 9 which are connected to the liquid crystal display panel 1 .
  • the liquid crystal display panel 1 comprises two substrates (not shown) provided in parallel and apart from each other, and a liquid crystal layer (not shown) provided between the two substrates.
  • One substrate is a pixel circuit substrate, and the other one is an opposing substrate.
  • the pixel circuit substrate is provided with a transparent substrate of glass or the like, a plurality of gate lines 3 provided on the transparent substrate and extending in one direction (hereinafter called “horizontal direction”), and a plurality of data lines 2 provided on the transparent substrate and extending in a direction orthogonal to the extending direction (horizontal direction) of the gate lines 3 (the orthogonal direction will hereinafter be called “vertical direction”).
  • One ends of the gate lines 3 are connected to the gate line drive circuit 8
  • one ends of the data lines 2 are connected to the data line drive circuit 9 .
  • a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) 4 is provided at the closest point of each data line 2 and each gate line 3 .
  • the gate line 3 is connected to the gate of the TFT 4
  • the data line 2 is connected to one of the source and drain of the TFT 4
  • a pixel electrode 15 is connected to the other one of the source and drain of the TFT 4 .
  • the TFT 4 is turned on or off based on the potential of the gate line 3 to selectively connect the pixel electrode 15 to the data line 2 or set the pixel electrode 15 floating.
  • a storage capacitor 6 Connected to the pixel electrode 15 is a storage capacitor 6 which holds a signal voltage during one display period.
  • the opposing substrate is provided with a common electrode 7 .
  • a liquid crystal cell 5 is formed by the common electrode 7 of the opposing substrate, each pixel electrode of the pixel circuit substrate and that portion of the liquid crystal layer which lies therebetween.
  • the gate line drive circuit 8 sequentially applies a high-level signal to the gate lines 3 . That is, the gate line drive circuit 8 scans a plurality of gate lines 3 . Accordingly, the TFTs 4 connected to those gate lines 3 to which the high-level signal is applied are turned on at a time. In synchronism with the scanning of the gate lines 3 , the data line drive circuit 9 applies a data signal to the data lines 2 . As a result, the data signal is applied to the pixel electrode 15 connected to that TFT 4 which is turned on, is stored in the storage capacitor 6 , and is applied in each liquid crystal cell 5 .
  • the potential of the gate line 3 connected to the TFT 4 becomes low, so that even after the TFT 4 is turned off, the pixel electrode 15 holds a given potential with respect to the common electrode 7 and a given voltage is applied to the liquid crystal cell 5 .
  • the drive method for the liquid crystal display apparatus generally, AC driving to invert the polarity of the voltage to be applied to the liquid crystal cells every predetermined period is carried out in order to elongate the life of the liquid crystal and ensure high reliability thereof.
  • the inversion drive system of alternately inverting the polarity of the voltage of the data signal to be applied to the liquid crystal cells of the individual pixels from positive to negative or from negative to positive every time the data signal voltage is reapplied.
  • the inversion drive system includes a frame inversion drive method, a gate line inversion drive method and a dot inversion drive method.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B are diagrams showing the positive/negative polarity distributions of the pixel electrode voltage when the frame inversion drive method is used.
  • FIG. 5A shows the polarity distribution in one frame (called odd frame)
  • FIG. 5B shows the polarity distribution in a frame (called even frame) following the odd frame shown in FIG. 5A .
  • the vertical direction shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B matches with the vertical direction shown in FIG. 4 which is the scanning direction of the gate lines, while the horizontal direction shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B matches with the horizontal direction shown in FIG. 4 along which the gate lines extend.
  • the individual cells shown in FIGS. 5A and 5 B correspond to the liquid crystal cells 5 shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the potential of the pixel electrode is positive (hereinafter simply called “positive polarity”) with respect to the potential of the common electrode.
  • the potential of the pixel electrode is negative (hereinafter simply called “negative polarity”) with respect to the potential of the common electrode.
  • the frame inversion drive method as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B , when a specific pixel is driven with the positive polarity in one frame, this pixel is driven with the negative polarity in the next frame. This can ensure the elongated life and high reliability of the liquid crystal.
  • the frame inversion drive method however has the following problem. As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B , when the polarities of the voltages to be applied to the liquid crystal are the same over the entire display screen in one frame, the amount of transmitting light changes frame by frame, causing flickering.
  • the voltage to be applied to the liquid crystal is determined by the potential difference between the common electrode voltage and the pixel electrode voltage, and with a voltage having symmetrical positive and negative polarities is applied, the light transmittance in positive polarity mode becomes equal to the light transmittance in negative polarity mode.
  • the positive and negative polarities of the voltage to be applied to the liquid crystal become asymmetrical, thus changing the light transmittance in positive polarity mode.
  • the frame frequency is 60 Hz
  • the variation period of the light transmittance of the liquid crystal cell becomes as low as 30 Hz or so, so that an observer recognizes it as flickering.
  • capacitive coupling is made between the opposing electrode and the data line or the like and the opposing electrode itself has a resistance, it is difficult to make the potential of the opposing electrode uniform over the entire screen. Even when the polarity of the opposing electrode is adjusted to the best state, the light transmittance differs between positive pixels and negative pixels.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams showing the positive/negative polarity distributions of the pixel electrode voltage when the gate line inversion drive method is used.
  • FIG. 6A shows the polarity distribution in an odd frame
  • FIG. 6B shows the polarity distribution in an even frame.
  • the vertical direction and the horizontal direction shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B match with the vertical direction and the horizontal shown in FIG. 4 and FIGS. 5A and 5B .
  • the gate line inversion drive method inverts the polarity in each frame gate line by gate line, and further inverts the polarity of each liquid crystal cell frame by frame. Accordingly, rows of positive pixels and rows of negative pixels are alternately arranged in one screen, thereby averaging a change in light transmittance in the vertical direction, which can reduce flickering.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams showing the positive/negative polarity distributions of the pixel electrode voltage when the dot inversion drive method is used.
  • FIG. 7A shows the polarity distribution in an odd frame
  • FIG. 7B shows the polarity distribution in an even frame.
  • the vertical direction and the horizontal direction shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B match with the vertical direction and the horizontal shown in FIG. 4 , FIGS. 5A and 5B , and FIGS. 6A and 6B .
  • the data signal is supplied to the pixel electrodes in such a way that its polarity differs for each of the pixels adjoining in the gate line direction, and the polarity of the data signal is inverted every horizontal period in such a way that the polarity of the pixel electrode voltage differs for each of the pixels adjoining in the data direction. Accordingly, positive pixels and negative pixels are alternately arranged in one frame both in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, thereby averaging a change in light transmittance over the entire screen, which cancels flickering.
  • the dot inversion drive method can achieve the best image quality.
  • the gate line inversion drive method and the dot inversion drive method need to invert the polarity of the data signal every time the gate line drive circuit scans a single gate line, so that the data lines and the pixel electrodes and the common electrode are charged and discharged every inversion. This undesirably increases power consumption.
  • Japanese Patent Publication No. 2001-215469 discloses a multiple-gate-lines inversion drive method as a compromise of the frame inversion drive method and the gate line inversion drive method. This method is intended to accomplish both reduction in flickering and suppression of power consumption by inverting the polarity of the pixel electrode voltage for each of a plurality of gate lines.
  • FIG. 8 is a top view showing sub pixels of the 2-view-point parallax barrier type image display apparatus shown in FIG. 1 .
  • one display pixel in stereoscopic image mode comprises two display pixels in two-dimensional image display mode.
  • the two display pixels become a left-eye pixel for displaying an image for the left eye and a right-eye pixel for displaying an image for the right eye.
  • Each of the left-eye pixel and the right-eye pixel comprises three primary-color sub pixels, and three slit openings correspond to one display pixel.
  • a left-eye red sub pixel 411 and a right-eye green sub pixel 422 correspond to the first slit opening.
  • a left-eye blue sub pixel 413 and a right-eye red sub pixel 421 correspond to the next slit opening.
  • a left-eye green sub pixel 412 and a right-eye blue sub pixel 423 correspond to the next slit opening.
  • the parallax barrier 105 is removed, and one display pixel in stereoscopic image mode is used as two display pixels.
  • the method of removing the parallax barrier is the one disclosed in the aforementioned Literature “Nikkei Electronics No. 838, pp. 26 to 27, issued on Jan. 6, 2003” wherein the parallax barrier is constituted by the liquid crystal panel for switches and the light transmittance of each element of the liquid crystal panel is changed.
  • a lenticular lens is used in place of the parallax barrier, the effect of the lenticular lens can be canceled out by changing the distance between the display panel and the lenticular lens.
  • the three sub pixels namely, the left-eye red sub pixel 411 , the right-eye green sub pixel 422 and the left-eye blue sub pixel 413 , are used as a single display pixel
  • the three sub pixels namely, the right-eye red sub pixel 421 , the left-eye green sub pixel 412 and the right-eye blue sub pixel 423 , are used as a single display pixel.
  • one display pixel has a size of a in the lengthwise direction of the slit opening and (c/2) in the direction orthogonal to the lengthwise direction. This however is nothing but doubling of the pixel pitch in the direction orthogonal to the lengthwise direction.
  • the resolution in the horizontal direction 12 is reduced to a half in stereoscopic image mode as compared with in two-dimensional image display mode, as per the stereoscopic image display apparatus described in the Literature “Three-dimensional Display” by Chihiro Masuda, published by Sangyo Tosho Publishing Co., Ltd.
  • a similar problem which is not inherent only to the stereoscopic image display apparatus, generally occurs in display apparatuses which display images of plural view points. That is, when different images are displayed for plural view points, the image resolution in the layout direction of the sub pixels for plural view points becomes lower as compared with the case where a single image is displayed, and the visibility considerably drops, particularly, when displaying characters.
  • a first liquid crystal display apparatus comprises a pixel circuit substrate, an opposing substrate provided in parallel to and apart from the pixel circuit substrate, and a liquid crystal layer provided between the pixel circuit substrate and the opposing substrate.
  • the pixel circuit substrate includes a first substrate, gate lines provided on the first substrate and extending in a first direction, data lines provided on the first substrate and extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction, pixel electrodes respectively provided at closest points of the gate lines and the data lines, switch elements, respectively provided at the closest points, which select whether or not to connect the data lines to the pixel electrodes based on potentials of the gate lines, and a drive circuit which applies gate-line drive signals to said gate lines in order, said gate-line drive signal enabling said switch element connected to said gate line to turn on, and which outputs data signals to said data lines.
  • the opposing substrate includes a second substrate, and a common electrode provided on the second substrate.
  • Each of said pixel electrodes constitutes a sub pixel.
  • (M ⁇ N) (N and M being an integer equal to or greater than 2, respectively) sub pixels constitute a display pixel in which N sub pixels are provided consecutively in said first direction and M sub pixels are provided consecutively in said second direction.
  • the (M ⁇ N) sub pixels of each of said display pixels are arranged in a square area.
  • the drive circuit changes a polarity of a potential of said data signal with respect to a potential of said common electrode every time said gate-line drive signals are applied to 2 to (2 ⁇ M) gate lines among said gate lines, and changes said polarity frame by frame.
  • the use of the apparatus in combination with an optical member which directs light rays toward N view points can display different images to N view points.
  • different images are displayed to N view points
  • different images are displayed N sub pixels arranged in the first direction in the display pixel
  • images identical to one another are displayed to N view points
  • the same images are displayed N sub pixels arranged in the first direction, thereby making the resolution when displaying different images to N view points equal to the resolution when displaying the same images to N view points.
  • the resolution does not drop as compared with the case where the same images are displayed to N view points.
  • both images can be mixed in one screen. Further, (M ⁇ N) sub pixels constituting a display pixel are arranged in a square area, the visibility of an image is high, and is excellent, particularly, when displaying characters.
  • the use of the gate line inversion drive method as the drive method increases the power consumption and shortens the time of applying signal voltage per gate line, thereby occurring inadequate signal voltage charging.
  • the use of the frame inversion drive method as the drive method makes flickering likely to occur. According to the present invention, therefore, every time the drive circuit applies a gate-line drive signal to two to (2 ⁇ M) gate lines, the polarity of the potential of the data signal with respect to the potential of the common electrode is changed, and the polarity is changed frame by frame. This can prevent the occurrence of flickering and suppress an increase in power consumption and the occurrence of inadequate signal voltage charging.
  • a second liquid crystal display apparatus comprises a pixel circuit substrate, an opposing substrate provided in parallel to and apart from the pixel circuit substrate, a liquid crystal layer provided between the pixel circuit substrate and the opposing substrate, and color filters.
  • the pixel circuit substrate includes a first substrate, gate lines provided on the first substrate and extending in a first direction, data lines provided on the first substrate and extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction, pixel electrodes respectively provided at closest points of the gate lines and the data lines, switch elements, respectively provided at the closest points, which select whether or not to connect the data lines to the pixel electrodes based on potentials of the gate lines, and a drive circuit which applies gate-line drive signals to said gate lines in order, said gate-line drive signal enabling said switch element connected to said gate line to turn on, and which outputs data signals to said data lines.
  • the opposing substrate includes a second substrate, and a common electrode provided on the second substrate.
  • Each of said pixel electrodes constitutes a sub pixel.
  • (M ⁇ N) N and M being an integer equal to or greater than 2, respectively) sub pixels constitute a display pixel in which N sub pixels are provided consecutively in said first direction and M sub pixels are provided consecutively in said second direction.
  • the color filters are stripe-like color filters of M colors extending in said first direction and respectively intervening in paths of light rays which pass through each of said M sub pixels arranged in said second direction.
  • said drive circuit changes a polarity of a potential of said data signal with respect to a potential of said common electrode every time said gate-line drive signals are applied to 2 to (2 ⁇ M) gate lines among said gate lines, and changes said polarity frame by frame.
  • the use of the apparatus in combination with an optical member which directs light rays toward N view points can display different images to N view points.
  • different images are displayed to N view points
  • different images are displayed N sub pixels arranged in the first direction in the display pixel
  • images identical to one another are displayed to N view points
  • the same images are displayed N sub pixels arranged in the first direction, thereby making the resolution when displaying different images to N view points equal to the resolution when displaying the same images to N view points.
  • the number of display pixels when displaying different images to N view points is equal to the number of display pixels when displaying the same images, both images can be mixed in one screen.
  • the present invention as M sub pixels are arranged in the second direction in each display pixel, it is possible to prevent the layout pitch of the sub pixels in the first direction from becoming significantly smaller, and prevent the aperture ratio from becoming smaller.
  • the number of gate lines is greater than that in the liquid crystal display apparatus which has a single sub pixel arranged in the second direction in each display pixel. Therefore, the use of the gate line inversion drive method as the drive method increases the power consumption and shortens the time of applying signal voltage per gate line, thereby occurring inadequate signal voltage charging. By way of comparison, the use of the frame inversion drive method as the drive method makes flickering likely to occur.
  • the drive circuit applies a gate-line drive signal to two to (2 ⁇ M) gate lines, the polarity of the data signal with respect to the common electrode is changed, and the polarity of the data signal with respect to the common electrode is changed frame by frame. This can prevent the occurrence of flickering and suppress an increase in power consumption and the occurrence of inadequate signal voltage charging.
  • the liquid crystal display apparatus should further comprise an optical member which directs light rays from an n-th (n being an integer from 1 to N) sub pixel in the N sub pixels arranged in the first direction to an n-th observation point in each of the display pixels or directs light rays externally input in such a way as to pass through the n-th sub pixel and travel toward the n-th observation point.
  • an optical member which directs light rays from an n-th (n being an integer from 1 to N) sub pixel in the N sub pixels arranged in the first direction to an n-th observation point in each of the display pixels or directs light rays externally input in such a way as to pass through the n-th sub pixel and travel toward the n-th observation point.
  • a third liquid crystal display apparatus comprises a pixel circuit substrate, an opposing substrate provided in parallel to and apart from the pixel circuit substrate, a liquid crystal layer provided between the pixel circuit substrate and the opposing substrate, and a lenticular lens which has a plurality of cylindrical lenses provided in the first direction and directs light having passed through the liquid crystal layer to different directions.
  • the pixel circuit substrate includes a first substrate, gate lines provided on the first substrate and extending in a first direction, data lines provided on the first substrate and extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction, pixel electrodes respectively provided at closest points of the gate lines and the data lines, switch elements, respectively provided at the closest points, which select whether or not to connect the data lines to the pixel electrodes based on potentials of the gate lines, and a drive circuit which applies gate-line drive signals to said gate lines in order, said gate-line drive signal enabling said switch element connected to said gate line to turn on, and which outputs data signals to said data lines.
  • the opposing substrate includes a second substrate, and a common electrode provided on the second substrate.
  • Each of said pixel electrodes constitutes a sub pixel.
  • (M ⁇ N) (N and M being an integer equal to or greater than 2, respectively) sub pixels constitute a display pixel in which N sub pixels are provided consecutively in said first direction and M sub pixels are provided consecutively in said second direction.
  • said drive circuit changes a polarity of a potential of said data signal with respect to a potential of said common electrode every time said gate-line drive signals are applied to 2 to (2 ⁇ M) gate lines among said gate lines, and changes said polarity frame by frame.
  • the use of the apparatus in combination with an optical member which directs light rays toward N view points can display different images to N view points.
  • different images are displayed to N view points
  • different images are displayed N sub pixels arranged in the first direction in the display pixel
  • images identical to one another are displayed to N view points
  • the same images are displayed N sub pixels arranged in the first direction, thereby making the resolution when displaying different images to N view points equal to the resolution when displaying the same images to N view points.
  • each display pixel looks like a square when an observer views the liquid crystal panel comprising the pixel circuit substrate, the liquid crystal layer and the opposing substrate through the lenticular lens. Accordingly, the visibility of an image is high, and is excellent, particularly, when displaying characters.
  • the use of the gate line inversion drive method as the drive method increases the power consumption and shortens the time of applying signal voltage per gate line, thereby occurring inadequate signal voltage charging.
  • the use of the frame inversion drive method as the drive method makes flickering likely to occur.
  • the drive circuit applies a gate-line drive signal to two to (2 ⁇ M) gate lines, the polarity of the data signal with respect to the common electrode is changed, and the polarity of the data signal with respect to the common electrode is changed frame by frame. This can prevent the occurrence of flickering and suppress an increase in power consumption and the occurrence of inadequate signal voltage charging.
  • one of the N sub pixels arranged in the first direction may form an image for a left eye, and another sub pixel may form an image for a right eye, thereby displaying a stereoscopic image.
  • the drive circuit should change the polarity of the data signal with respect to the common electrode every time the drive circuit applies the gate-line drive signal to M gate lines in the gate lines. Accordingly, the polarity switching pitch in the second direction becomes equal to the layout pitch of the display pixels, so that the polarity inversion periods in each hue become equal to one another. This reduces the luminance difference between frames in each hue, thus making it possible to prevent the occurrence of flickering more reliably.
  • changing of the polarity of the data signal with respect to the common electrode should be carried out by changing both a potential of the data signal and a potential to be applied to the common electrode. This can make the fluctuation range of the potential of the data signal smaller as compared with the case where the potential of the common electrode is fixed.
  • a portable device comprises the liquid crystal display apparatus.
  • a first liquid crystal display apparatus drive method is for a liquid crystal display apparatus which has a plurality of display pixels consisted of (M ⁇ N) (N and M being an integer equal to or greater than 2, respectively) sub pixels being arranged in a square area so that said N sub pixels are arranged consecutively in a first direction along which gate lines extend and said M sub pixels are arranged consecutively in a second direction along which data lines extend, each of said sub pixels is provided for each of pixel electrodes.
  • the first drive method has a first frame for displaying one image on the liquid crystal display apparatus, and a second frame for displaying another image with respect to the first frame by inverting the polarity.
  • gate-line drive signals are applied to said gate lines in order, said gate-line drive signal enables said switch element connected to said gate line to turn on, data signals are output to said data lines, and a polarity of a potential of said pixel electrodes with respect to a potential of said common electrode are changed every time said gate-line drive signals are applied to 2 to (2 ⁇ M) gate lines among said gate lines.
  • a second liquid crystal display apparatus drive method is for a liquid crystal display apparatus which has a plurality of display pixels consisted of (M ⁇ N) (N and M being an integer equal to or greater than 2, respectively) sub pixels so that said N sub pixels are arranged consecutively in a first direction along which gate lines extend and said M sub pixels are arranged consecutively in a second direction along which data lines extend, each of said sub pixels is provided for each of pixel electrodes, and which has stripe-like color filters of M colors provided extending in said first direction and respectively intervening in paths of light rays which pass through each of said M sub pixels arranged in said second direction.
  • the second drive method has a first frame for displaying one image on the liquid crystal display apparatus, and a second frame for displaying another image with respect to the first frame by inverting the polarity.
  • gate-line drive signals are applied to said gate lines in order, said gate-line drive signal enables said switch element connected to said gate line to turn on, data signals are output to said data lines, and a polarity of a potential of said pixel electrodes with respect to a potential of said common electrode are changed every time said gate-line drive signals are applied to 2 to (2 ⁇ M) gate lines among said gate lines.
  • the third drive method has a first frame for displaying one image on the liquid crystal display apparatus, and a second frame for displaying another image with respect to the first frame by inverting the polarity.
  • gate-line drive signals are applied to said gate lines in order, said gate-line drive signal enables said switch element connected to said gate line to turn on, data signals are output to said data lines, and a polarity of a potential of said pixel electrodes with respect to a potential of said common electrode are changed every time said gate-line drive signals are applied to 2 to (2 ⁇ M) gate lines among said gate lines.
  • the present invention when different images are displayed to N view points, different images are displayed N sub pixels arranged in the first direction in the display pixel, and when images identical to one another are displayed to N view points, the same images are displayed N sub pixels arranged in the first direction, thereby making the resolution when displaying different images to N view points equal to the resolution when displaying the same images to N view points.
  • the drive circuit applies a gate-line drive signal to two to (2 ⁇ M) gate lines, the polarity of the potential of the data signal with respect to the potential of the common electrode is changed, and the polarity is changed frame by frame. This can prevent the occurrence of flickering and suppress an increase in power consumption and the occurrence of inadequate signal voltage charging.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of an optical model illustrating a stereoscopic image display method using a parallax barrier
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a lenticular lens
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of an optical model illustrating a stereoscopic image display method using a lenticular lens
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing the liquid crystal display panel portion of an active matrix type liquid crystal display apparatus
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B are diagrams showing the positive/negative polarity distributions of a pixel electrode voltage when the frame inversion drive method is used, FIG. 5A showing the polarity distribution in an odd frame while FIG. 5B shows the polarity distribution in an even frame;
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams showing the positive/negative polarity distributions of a pixel electrode voltage when the gate line inversion drive method is used, FIG. 6A showing the polarity distribution in an odd frame while FIG. 6B shows the polarity distribution in an even frame;
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams showing the positive/negative polarity distributions of a pixel electrode voltage when the dot inversion drive method is used, FIG. 7A showing the polarity distribution in an odd frame while FIG. 7B shows the polarity distribution in an even frame;
  • FIG. 8 is a top view showing sub pixels of the 2-view-point parallax barrier type image display apparatus shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a liquid crystal display apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the relationship between the display pixels and sub pixels of a liquid crystal panel shown in FIG. 9 ;
  • FIG. 11 is a top view showing the layout pitch of sub pixels of the liquid crystal display apparatus according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing an image display apparatus according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the liquid crystal display apparatus with the time taken on the horizontal axis, and the potential VCOM of a common electrode, the potentials of gate lines Y( 3 n + 1 ) to Y( 3 n + 4 ) taken on the vertical axis;
  • FIGS. 14A and 14B are diagrams showing the positive/negative polarity distributions of a pixel electrode voltage in the present embodiment, FIG. 14A showing the polarity distribution in an odd frame while FIG. 14B shows the polarity distribution in an even frame;
  • FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a mobile telephone as a portable device according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 16 is a block diagram of the liquid crystal panel of a liquid crystal display apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram of an optical model illustrating a liquid crystal display apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a block diagram of the liquid crystal panel of a liquid crystal display apparatus according to a reference example.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a liquid crystal display apparatus according to the present embodiment
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the relationship between the display pixels and sub pixels of a liquid crystal panel shown in FIG. 9
  • FIG. 11 is a top view showing the layout pitch of sub pixels of the liquid crystal display apparatus according to the present embodiment
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing an image display apparatus according to the present embodiment.
  • the liquid crystal display apparatus is provided with a liquid crystal display panel 1 , a gate line drive circuit 8 and a data line drive circuit 9 , the latter two being connected to the liquid crystal display panel 1 .
  • a control circuit 16 is provided in such a way as to be connected to the gate line drive circuit 8 and the data line drive circuit 9 .
  • a power supply circuit 17 and a logic circuit 18 are provided in such a way as to be connected to the control circuit 16 .
  • An image processing circuit 19 is provided in such a way as to be connected to the logic circuit 18 .
  • the gate line drive circuit 8 , the data line drive circuit 9 and the control circuit 16 constitute a drive circuit for the liquid crystal display panel 1 .
  • the image processing circuit 19 includes a processor, a memory, and an interface circuit (not shown) which interfaces the inputting/outputting of signals with an external circuit.
  • the image processing circuit 19 sends control signals, such as a synch signal, and video data to the logic circuit 18 .
  • the logic circuit 18 generates a timing control signal for driving the liquid crystal display panel 1 , and video data DIN, based on the video data and control signal input from the image processing circuit 19 , and sends them to the control circuit 16 .
  • the power supply circuit 17 supplies various supply potentials to the control circuit 16 .
  • the control circuit 16 is supplied with the video data DIN and the timing control signal from the logic circuit 18 , and is supplied with a supply voltage VCOM, a logic-section supply voltage, a driver-section supply voltage, and a gradation supply voltage from the power supply circuit 17 .
  • the control circuit 16 changes the voltage levels based on the video data DIN and the timing control signal, and sends the level-changed voltages to the gate line drive circuit 8 and the data line drive circuit 9 .
  • the control circuit 16 sends a signal GST, a clock signal GCLK and other control signals to the gate line drive circuit 8 , and sends a video signal DOUT, a signal DST, a clock signal DCLK and other control signals to the data line drive circuit 9 .
  • the gate line drive circuit 8 comprises a shift register (not shown).
  • the gate line drive circuit 8 is initialized when supplied with the signal GST representing the start point of a display frame from the control circuit 16 , and applies a pulsed drive voltage to the gate lines 3 in synchronism with the clock signal GCLK supplied from the control circuit 16 to thereby sequentially drive the gate lines.
  • the period in which the pulsed gate drive voltage turns a TFT 4 is the time for applying a data signal voltage into a liquid crystal cell 5 .
  • the data line drive circuit 9 comprises a shift register, a latch circuit, and a driver circuit (not shown).
  • the data line drive circuit 9 starts fetching the video signal DOUT to the shift register based on the signal DST supplied from the control circuit 16 , sequentially fetches the video signal DOUT into the shift register in synchronism with the clock signal DCLK, and stops the signal fetching to the shift register when video signals for one scan line are fetched.
  • the data line drive circuit 9 transfers the fetched video signals to the latch circuit in synchronism with the control signal supplied from the control circuit 16 , and sends signal voltages corresponding to the video signals to data lines 2 via the driver circuit.
  • the data line drive circuit 9 supplies a reference potential of two levels to a common electrode 7 .
  • the circuit structure of the liquid crystal display panel 1 is the same as the structure of the liquid crystal display panel 1 of the conventional liquid crystal display apparatus shown in FIG. 4 . That is, as shown in FIG. 9 , the liquid crystal display panel 1 is provided with a pixel circuit substrate and an opposing substrate (not shown) provided in parallel and apart from each other, and a liquid crystal layer (not shown) placed therebetween.
  • the pixel circuit substrate is provided with a transparent substrate of glass or the like, a plurality of gate lines 3 provided on the transparent substrate and extending in the horizontal direction, and a plurality of data lines 2 provided on the transparent substrate and extending in the vertical direction.
  • One ends of the gate lines 3 in the liquid crystal display panel 1 are connected to the gate line drive circuit 8 , and one ends of the data lines 2 are connected to the data line drive circuit 9 .
  • the TFT 4 is provided at the closest point of each data line 2 and each gate line 3 .
  • the gate line 3 is connected to the gate of the TFT 4
  • the data line 2 is connected to one of the source and drain of the TFT 4
  • a pixel electrode 15 is connected to the other one of the source and drain of the TFT 4 .
  • the TFT 4 is turned on or off based on the potential of the gate line 3 to selectively connect the data line 2 to the pixel electrode 15 or set the pixel electrode 15 floating.
  • Connected to the pixel electrode 15 is a storage capacitor 6 which holds a signal voltage during one display period.
  • the opposing substrate is provided with the common electrode 7 .
  • the liquid crystal cell 5 is formed by each pixel electrode 15 of the pixel circuit substrate, that portion of the common electrode 7 of the opposing substrate which faces the pixel electrode 15 , and that portion of the liquid crystal layer which lies therebetween.
  • the liquid crystal cell 5 displays sub pixels for one dot, and constitutes a capacitor for retaining the potential of a data signal (applied signal voltage) to be supplied through the data line 2 from the data line drive circuit 9 .
  • the storage capacitor 6 adds a capacitor to hold the signal voltage to the liquid crystal cell 5 , and is connected in parallel to the liquid crystal cell 5 to reduce the feed through voltage originated from the parasitic capacitor.
  • the resolution of the liquid crystal display panel 1 conforms to, for example, the HVGA (Half Video Graphics Array: 80 vertical ⁇ 320 horizontal), the aspect ratio of the display region (the ratio of the vertical size to the horizontal size) is, for example, 3:2, and the frame frequency is, for example, 60 Hz.
  • HVGA Half Video Graphics Array: 80 vertical ⁇ 320 horizontal
  • the aspect ratio of the display region is, for example, 3:2
  • the frame frequency is, for example, 60 Hz.
  • display pixels 10 are arranged in a matrix form on the liquid crystal display panel 1 .
  • Each display pixel 10 includes six sub pixels. Specifically, one display pixel 10 comprises a (2 m+1)-th sub pixel and a (2 m+2)-th sub pixel on the liquid crystal display panel 1 from the left in FIG. 10 , and (3n+1)-th to (3n+3)-th sub pixels from the top. Each sub pixel corresponds to each liquid crystal cell 5 shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the (2 m+1)-th data line 2 from the left in the diagram is denoted by “X(2 m+1)
  • the (3n+1)-th gate line 3 from the top in the diagram is denoted by “Y(3n+1)”.
  • a red left-eye sub pixel RL, a green left-eye sub pixel GL and a blue left-eye sub pixel BL from the top in the diagrams are repeatedly provided in the (2 m+1)-th column on the liquid crystal panel 1 from the left in the diagrams, and a red right-eye sub pixel RR, a green right-eye sub pixel GR and a blue right-eye sub pixel BR from the top in the diagrams are repeatedly provided in the (2 m+2)-th column.
  • the red left-eye sub pixel RL and the red right-eye sub pixel RR from the left are alternately arranged in the (3n+1)-th row from the top in the diagrams
  • the green left-eye sub pixel GL and the green right-eye sub pixel GR from the left are alternately provided in the (3n+2)-th row
  • the blue left-eye sub pixel BL and the blue right-eye sub pixel BR from the left are alternately provided in the (3n+3)-th row.
  • a light-shielding section 14 is provided between sub pixels.
  • the sub pixels RL, GL, BL, RR, GR and BR constituting a single display pixel 10 are arranged in a square area.
  • the layout pitch of the sub pixels in the direction (vertical direction 11 ) along which the data lines 2 extend is a
  • the layout pitch of the sub pixels in the direction (horizontal direction 12 ) along which the gate lines 3 extend is b
  • the number of sub pixels arranged in one display pixel 10 in the vertical direction 11 is M
  • the number of sub pixels arranged in one display pixel 10 in the horizontal direction 12 is N
  • a, b, M and N satisfy the following equation 3.
  • M ⁇ a N ⁇ b (Equation 3)
  • a:b 2:3 (Equation 4)
  • the liquid crystal panel 1 is provided with a red (R) color filter 31 , a green (G) color filter 32 and a blue (B) color filter 33 extending in the horizontal direction 12 .
  • RGB red
  • G green
  • B blue
  • Each color filter has a band-like shape.
  • a lenticular lens 43 is provided in front of the liquid crystal panel 1 , i.e., on the observer side.
  • the lenticular lens 43 has a plurality of cylindrical lenses 43 a extending in the vertical direction 11 and provided in the horizontal direction 12 .
  • Each cylindrical lens 43 a corresponds to a column of display pixels 10 arranged in the vertical direction 11 .
  • a backlight (not shown) is provided at the back of the liquid crystal panel 1 .
  • FIG. 13 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the liquid crystal display apparatus with the time taken on the horizontal axis, and the potential VCOM of the common electrode, the potentials of the gate lines Y( 3 n + 1 ) to Y( 3 n + 4 ) taken on the vertical axis.
  • the gate lines Y( 3 n + 1 ) to Y( 3 n + 4 ) are the same as the gate lines Y( 3 n + 1 ) to Y( 3 n + 4 ) shown in FIG. 10 .
  • FIGS. 14A and 14B are diagrams showing the positive/negative polarity distributions of a pixel electrode voltage in the present embodiment, FIG. 14A showing the polarity distribution in an odd frame while FIG. 14B shows the polarity distribution in an even frame.
  • the notation in FIGS. 14A and 14B is the same as the notation in FIGS. 5A and 5B .
  • the backlight irradiates light onto the liquid crystal panel 1 .
  • the image processing circuit 19 sends video data and control signals, such as a synch signal, to the logic circuit 18 .
  • the logic circuit 18 generates the timing control signal for driving the liquid crystal display panel 1 based on the video data and the control signal, and sends the timing control signal together with video data DIN to the control circuit 16 .
  • the power supply circuit 17 supplies various supply potentials to the control circuit 16 .
  • the control circuit 16 changes the voltage levels based on the video data DIN and the timing control signal supplied from the logic circuit 18 , and the supply voltage VCOM, the logic-section supply voltage, the driver-section supply voltage, and the gradation supply voltage supplied from the power supply circuit 17 .
  • the control circuit 16 sends the signal GST representing the start point of a display frame, the clock signal GCLK, supply voltages VDDG and VSSG, and the supply potential VCOM to the gate line drive circuit 8 , and sends the video signal DOUT, the start signal DST, the clock signal DCLK, supply potentials VDDD and VSSD, and the supply potential VCOM to the data line drive circuit 9 .
  • the data line drive circuit 9 applies a polarity inversion pulse signal to the common electrode 7 , and sets a high-level (VCOMH) potential to 5 V and a low-level (VCOML) potential to 0 V, the opposite polarity to the potential of a data signal.
  • VCOMH high-level
  • VCOML low-level
  • the low-level potential e.g., 0 V which is the same as the supply potential VSSD is applied to the common electrode 7 .
  • a potential (data signal) based on a video signal to be displayed on each liquid crystal cell 5 connected to the gate line Y( 1 ) is applied to the data lines X( 1 ) to X( 320 ).
  • the potential of the data signal is set to 0 to 5 V.
  • the gate line drive circuit 8 applies the high-level (VDDG) potential to the gate line Y( 1 ).
  • VDDG high-level
  • the TFTS 4 of the liquid crystal cells 5 connected to the gate line Y( 1 ) are turned on, the data signal applied to the gate line is applied to the display pixels 15 via the TFTs 4 and is applied in the liquid crystal cells 5 and the storage capacitors 6 .
  • the polarity of the data signal to be applied to the liquid crystal cells 5 is determined with the common electrode supply potential VCOM being a reference, so that the polarity of the potential of the data signal becomes positive.
  • the gate line drive circuit 8 sets the potential of the gate line Y( 1 ) to a low level and sets the potential of the gate line Y( 2 ) to a high level in synchronism with the clock signal GCLK.
  • the data line drive circuit 9 applies each data line with the data signal based on the video signal to be displayed on the liquid crystal cells 5 connected to the gate line Y( 2 ). As a result, the positive data signal voltage is applied in the liquid crystal cells 5 connected to the gate line Y( 2 ).
  • the gate line drive circuit 8 sets the potential of the gate line Y( 2 ) low and sets the potential of the gate line Y( 3 ) to high, and the data line drive circuit 9 applies each data line with the data signal based on the video signal to be displayed on the liquid crystal cells 5 connected to the gate line Y( 3 ).
  • the positive data signal voltage is applied in the liquid crystal cells 5 connected to the gate line Y( 3 ).
  • the gate line drive circuit 8 sets the potential of the gate line Y( 3 ) low and sets the potential of the gate line Y( 4 ) high in synchronism with the clock signal GCLK.
  • the data line drive circuit 9 applies the common electrode 7 with a high-level potential, e.g., 5 V which is the same as the supply potential VDDD.
  • the data line drive circuit 9 also applies each data line with a data signal based on the video signal to be displayed on the liquid crystal cells 5 connected to the gate line Y( 4 ).
  • the potential of the data signal then is, for example, 5 to 0 V.
  • the data line drive circuit 9 applies the data signal having a negative polarity with respect to the potential of the common electrode to the pixel electrodes 15 of the liquid crystal cells 5 connected to the gate line Y( 4 ). Likewise, the data line drive circuit 9 sequentially applies data signal voltage of the negative polarity to the liquid crystal cells 5 connected to the gate lines Y( 5 ) and Y( 6 ).
  • the data line drive circuit 9 applies the potential of 0 V to the common electrode 7 again to apply the positive data signal voltages to the liquid crystal cells 5 .
  • the polarity of data signals to be applied to the liquid crystal cells 5 is changed every three gate lines this way.
  • the gate line drive circuit 8 sequentially applies a high-level potential to the gate line Y( 1 ) to the gate line Y( 1440 ) to scan the gate lines, the data line drive circuit 9 applies data signals to the liquid crystal cells 5 connected to those gate lines in synchronism with the scanning.
  • the period in which the gate line drive circuit 8 performs single scanning of the gate lines Y( 1 ) to Y( 1440 ) is one frame.
  • One frame (odd frame) ends when a signal is applied to the liquid crystal cells 5 connected to the gate line Y( 1440 ).
  • the gate line drive circuit 8 applies a high-level signal to the gate line Y( 1 ) again and starts scanning the gate lines Y( 1 ) to Y( 1440 ) As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 B. In other words, a next frame (even frame) starts.
  • the data line drive circuit 9 applies the common electrode and each data line with a potential of the opposite polarity to the polarity for an odd frame. Accordingly, data signals of the negative polarity are applied to the liquid crystal cells 5 connected to the gate lines Y( 1 ) to Y( 3 ), and data signals of the positive polarity are applied to the liquid crystal cells 5 connected to the gate lines Y( 4 ) to Y( 6 ). The same is true of the other gate lines.
  • the polarity of data signals to be supplied to the liquid crystal cells 5 is inverted this way. That is, when data signals of the negative polarity to the common electrode potential VCOM are applied to the display pixels that are selected by the gate lines Y( 3 n + 1 ), Y( 3 n + 2 ) and Y( 3 n + 3 ) in an x-th frame (x being a natural number), data signals of the positive polarity to the common electrode potential VCOM are applied to the display pixels that are selected by the gate lines Y( 3 n + 1 ), Y( 3 n + 2 ) and Y( 3 n + 3 ) in an (x+1)-th frame.
  • a period T 1 where the gate line Y( 3 n + 1 ) is selected, a period T 2 where the gate line Y( 3 n + 2 ) is selected, and a period T 3 where the gate line Y( 3 n + 3 ) is selected are valid periods to apply data signal voltages to the liquid crystal cells 5 connected to those gate lines, while a rise period TA and a fall period TB for the common electrode potential VCOM to perform polarity inversion every three horizontal periods are invalid periods where no data signals are applied to the liquid crystal cells 5 .
  • the display period for one screen is 16.7 ms (milliseconds), and as the resolution of the liquid crystal panel 1 is HVGA and the total number of the gate lines is 1440, one horizontal period is 11.6 ⁇ s (microseconds).
  • the inversion period of the common electrode potential VCOM is comprised of three horizontal periods, it becomes 34.7 ⁇ s. Given that the rise period TA and the fall period TB for the common electrode potential VCOM to become stable are 10 ⁇ s, for example, 10 ⁇ s in the three horizontal periods is the invalid period and 24.7 ⁇ s is the valid period to apply data signals to pixels for three gate lines.
  • the select period T 1 for the gate line Y( 3 n + 1 ), the select period T 2 for the gate line Y( 3 n + 2 ) and the select period T 3 for the gate line Y( 3 n + 3 ) to apply data signal voltages to the sub pixels of individual colors of red, green and blue should all be identical in order to eliminate the difference in time of applying voltages between the sub pixels of the individual colors. According to the present embodiment, therefore, the valid period to apply data signals to pixels for one gate line is 8.24 ⁇ s.
  • the transmittance of light which transmits the liquid crystal cells 5 according to the voltage changes. Accordingly, some of light rays emitted from the backlight are blocked by the liquid crystal cells 5 , and the remaining rays transmit the liquid crystal cells 5 .
  • the light rays that have transmitted the liquid crystal cells 5 transmit the color filters 31 to 33 to be colored, and are directed in the horizontal direction by the lenticular lens 43 .
  • the light rays that have transmitted left-eye sub pixels 21 to 23 reach the left eye of the observer while the light rays that have transmitted right-eye sub pixels 24 to 26 reach the right eye of the observer.
  • the observer can recognize a stereoscopic image. That is, the liquid crystal display apparatus can display a stereoscopic image.
  • a two-dimensional image can be displayed. At this time, the resolution of the image is the same as that in stereoscopic image mode, and the shape of the display pixels becomes a square.
  • FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a mobile telephone as the portable device according to the present embodiment.
  • a liquid crystal display apparatus 42 according to the present embodiment is installed in a mobile telephone 41 according to the present embodiment.
  • the liquid crystal display apparatus 42 has the above-described structure.
  • one display pixel 10 is provided with six sub pixels, the red left-eye sub pixel RL, the green left-eye sub pixel GL, the blue left-eye sub pixel BL, the red right-eye sub pixel RR, the green right-eye sub pixel GR and the blue right-eye sub pixel BR, so that a color stereoscopic image can also be displayed.
  • the display pixels are the same both in displaying a stereoscopic image and displaying a two-dimensional image. Accordingly, the resolution does not drop when displaying a stereoscopic image as compared with the case of displaying a two-dimensional image.
  • a two-dimensional image and a stereoscopic image can be displayed in mixture in one screen. In this case, the resolutions of both images are equal to each other too, so that an observer does not feel awkward.
  • the shape of the display pixels becomes a square. Therefore, the shape of the display pixels in stereoscopic image mode becomes a square. This achieves an excellent image visibility.
  • the effect is great particularly when displaying character information as a stereoscopic image. This is because when the vertical or horizontal resolution drops, the vertical lines or horizontal lines as constituting elements of character information drop out, making it extremely difficult for the observer to recognize the character information. Making the vertical resolution equal to the horizontal resolution can therefore ensure particularly adequate stereoscopic display of character information.
  • the band-like color filters 31 to 33 extending in the horizontal direction 12 are provided in the present embodiment, three sub pixels can be arranged in the vertical direction 11 , and two sub pixels in the horizontal direction 12 . Accordingly, the sub pixels arranged can be dispersed in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction to relax the density of the sub pixels in the horizontal direction, as compared with the case of laying out six sub pixels in the horizontal direction 12 , thus making it possible to increase the aperture ratio and facilitate the fabrication of the liquid crystal panel.
  • the layout of three sub pixels per display pixel in the vertical direction 11 increases the number of gate lines to three times as large as the conventional number.
  • the red color filters extending in the vertical direction are provided and the sub pixels of the individual colors are arranged in the horizontal direction in the conventional color liquid crystal display apparatus, the number of the gate lines is the same as that of a monochromatic liquid crystal display apparatus. Therefore, the use of the gate line inversion drive method or the dot inversion drive method to drive the liquid crystal display apparatus of the present embodiment significantly increases power consumption and shortens the time of applying signal voltages per gate line, thereby causing the signal voltages held incorrectly.
  • the use of the frame inversion drive method may cause flickering.
  • the polarity of data signals is inverted every three gate lines as discussed above.
  • This scheme prevents occurrence of flickering and can ensure the time of applying signal voltages of 8.24 ⁇ s per gate line, making it possible to suppress an increase in power consumption and occurrence of the signals held incorrectly.
  • the conventional gate line inversion drive method is adapted to the liquid crystal panel with the same pixel structure as that of the present embodiment, one horizontal period becomes 11.6 ⁇ s.
  • the period for the common electrode potential VCOM to be stable is 10 ⁇ s as in the present embodiment, the time of applying signal voltages per gate line becomes 1.6 ⁇ s, which is shorter than 8.24 ⁇ s in the present embodiment.
  • Such a shortage of the applying voltages time makes it extremely difficult to reliably apply voltages to the liquid crystal cells.
  • the polarity of data signals is inverted every three gate lines or every display pixel (one pixel), the luminance difference between frames in each hue is reduced, so that occurrence of flickering can be prevented surely.
  • inverting the polarity of data signals every two gate lines or every four gate lines inverting the polarity every three gate lines can allow the polarity to be evenly assigned to the red sub pixel, green sub pixel and blue sub pixel, so that no luminance difference occurs between the display pixels and the luminance difference between frames in each hue decreases. This can reliably prevent occurrence of flickering and further improves the image quality.
  • an AC voltage is applied to the common electrode and the polarity of a data signal is changed by changing both the potential of the data signal and the potential of the common electrode.
  • This can made a change in the potential of the data signal smaller than that in the case where with the potential of the common electrode fixed, only the potential of the data signal is changed. Consequently, the breakdown voltages of the individual electronic components of the liquid crystal display apparatus can be lowered, leading to cost reduction of the apparatus.
  • the present invention is not limited to this particular example and may be adapted to a liquid crystal display apparatus h displays different images with respect to two view points.
  • the shape of the display pixels can be made to a square shape. This can prevent the resolutions of two-dimensional images from being lowered, and can improve, particularly, the visibility of character display.
  • FIG. 16 is a block diagram illustrating the liquid crystal display panel of a liquid crystal display device according to the present embodiment.
  • the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that each of the display pixels 20 comprises twelve sub pixels. That is, band-like color filters of red, green, and blue which extend in the horizontal direction 12 are repeatedly provided on the liquid crystal panel 1 in the vertical direction 11 in the order of red, green, and blue.
  • the lenticular lens (not shown) is provided in front of the liquid crystal panel 1 .
  • a plurality of cylindrical lenses which constitute the lenticular lens extend in the vertical direction 11 , and one cylindrical lens corresponds to four sub pixels which are consecutively provided in the horizontal direction 12 in one display pixel.
  • each display pixel 20 the red sub pixels R 1 to R 4 are provided in the topmost row shown in FIG. 16 in this order from left to right in the diagram, the green sub pixels G 1 to G 4 are provided in the second row from the top in this order from left to right, and the blue sub pixels B 1 to B 4 are provided in the third row from the top, that is, the lowermost row, in this order from left to right.
  • the sub pixels R 1 , G 1 , and B 1 provided in a column in the vertical direction display an image for the first view point.
  • the sub pixels R 2 , G 2 , and B 2 provided in a column in the vertical direction display an image for the second view point
  • the sub pixels R 3 , G 3 , and B 3 display an image for the third view point
  • the sub pixels R 4 , G 4 , and B 4 display an image for the fourth view point.
  • one display pixel 20 comprises (4k+1)-th to (4k+4)-th sub pixels on the liquid crystal display panel 1 from the left in FIG. 16 , and (3n+1)-th to (3n+3)-th sub pixels from the top where k is an integer ranging from 0 to 159.
  • the twelve sub pixels constituting a single display pixel are arranged in a square area as seen from the front of the liquid crystal panel 1 .
  • the layout pitch of the sub pixels in the vertical direction 11 is a
  • the layout pitch of the sub pixels in the horizontal direction 12 is b
  • the number of sub pixels provided in one display pixel 20 in the vertical direction 11 is M
  • the number of sub pixels provided in one display pixel 20 in the horizontal direction 12 is N
  • a, b, M and N satisfy the equation 3.
  • the image for the first view point is displayed on a first group of the sub pixels R 1 , G 1
  • the image for the second view point is displayed on a second group of the sub pixels R 2 , G 2 , and B 2
  • the image for the third view point is displayed on a third group of the sub pixels R 3 , G 3 , and B 3
  • the image for the fourth view point is displayed on a fourth group of the sub pixels R 4 , G 4 , and B 4 .
  • the multi-view-point display can be carried out this way.
  • the same image is mutually displayed on the first to fourth groups. That is, the sub pixels R 1 to R 4 are driven by the same signal, the sub pixels G 1 to G 4 are driven by the same signal, and the sub pixels B 1 to B 4 are driven by the same signal.
  • the other operation of the present embodiment than the one described above is same as the corresponding operation of the first embodiment. That is, the polarity of the data signal is inverted every three horizontal periods and frame by frame.
  • the effect of the present embodiment will now be explained.
  • color images can be displayed to the four view points.
  • the resolutions of the images do not change even if different images are displayed to the four view points, or the same image is displayed. Accordingly, different images and the same image can be mixed in one screen, and the mixture does not cause an awkward feeling.
  • the shape of each display pixel is a square shape, the visibility of the image is excellent, and, in particular, the visibility of character information is excellent.
  • the other effect in the present embodiment than described above is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • mutually unrelated images may be displayed to the four view points when different images are displayed to the four view points, an image for the right eye and an image for the left eye having a parallax to each other may be displayed to two of the four view points, so that a stereoscopic image can be displayed, or two sets of stereoscopic images may be displayed separately, one for two of the four view points and the other for the other two view points.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram of an optical model showing a liquid crystal display device according to the present embodiment.
  • the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the layout pitch of the display pixels in the liquid panel is different from that of the cylindrical lenses in the lenticular lens. That is, a plurality of display pixels are arranged in a matrix form on the liquid crystal panel, each display pixel is provided with six sub pixels, two display pixels arranged in the horizontal direction and three display pixels arranged in the vertical direction, as per the first embodiment.
  • a backlight 44 is provided at the back of the liquid crystal panel 1 .
  • the light rays output from the backlight 10 transmit left-eye sub pixels (for example, red left-eye sub pixels RL) and right-eye sub pixels (for example, red right-eye sub pixels RR), and the transmitted light rays are refracted by the cylindrical lenses 43 a of the lenticular lens 43 , and respectively reach the left eye 142 and the right eye 141 of the observer.
  • the observer can recognize a stereoscopic image. If the same image is displayed on both of the left-eye sub pixels and the right-eye sub pixels, the observer can recognize a two-dimensional image.
  • the display pixels are observed as being magnified or demagnified by (L/P) times in the horizontal direction 12 .
  • the present embodiment can demonstrate the same effect as that of the first embodiment even if the layout pitch of the display pixels in the liquid crystal panel differs from that of the cylindrical lenses in the lenticular lens.
  • the other operation and effect of the present embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.
  • the polarity is inverted every time more than (2 ⁇ M) gate lines are scanned, the width (vertical length) of a region comprised of the sub pixels with the same polarity becomes large, and the degree of the spatial mixture of the regions with different polarities becomes small, so that the observer recognizes the regions as a horizontal stripe pattern. Accordingly, it is necessary that the width of the region comprised of the sub pixels with the same polarity is to be less than or equal to a region corresponding to (2 ⁇ M) gate lines. Therefore, in the present invention, the polarity is inverted every time 2 to (2 ⁇ M) gate lines are scanned.
  • the inversion pitch of the polarity and the layout pitch of the display pixels can be matched with each other, thus making it possible to prevent occurrence of flickering particularly effectively, and to improve the display quality particularly.
  • the present invention is not limited to this case, and may use, for example, a parallax barrier.
  • the parallax barrier may be provided in front of the liquid crystal panel, or at the back thereof, i.e., between the liquid crystal panel and the backlight.
  • the present invention may use a reflection type liquid crystal panel.
  • the optical member like the lenticular lens is provided in front of the liquid crystal panel, a transparent substrate is used as the front substrate of the liquid crystal panel, and the reflection layer is provided between the liquid crystal layer and the back substrate. Accordingly, the incoming light from the front transmits the front substrate and the liquid crystal layer, and is reflected at the reflection layer, and transmits the liquid crystal layer and the front substrate again, allowing an image to be added. The light is then directed to a plurality of view points by the optical member.
  • the back substrate should not necessarily be transparent.
  • the visibility can be enhanced by allowing the display pixels to be arranged in a square area, and the occurrence of flickering and an increase in power consumption can be suppressed by switching the polarity of the data signal every time 2 to (2 ⁇ M) gate lines are scanned, as per the embodiments.
  • the present invention is not limited to this case, and can be applied to a liquid crystal display device for N view points (N being an integer greater than or equal to 2).
  • the present invention is not limited to this case, and a switching element other than the TFT may be used.
  • the gate lines serve as the lines which transmit a switching signal for switching the switching element on and off.
  • the present invention is not limited to this case, and the liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment may be installed into a mobile terminal, a PDA, a game machine, a digital camera or a digital video.
  • the liquid crystal display device of the second or third embodiment may be installed into those portable devices.
  • the liquid crystal display device of the present invention may be used as a dedicated monitor for a personal computer or the like. In this case, the image processing circuit 19 shown in FIG. 9 may be provided in the personal computer.

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