Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
  • B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
  • B01D39/083—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material of organic material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
  • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
  • B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
  • B01D2239/0609—Knitted
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
  • B01D2239/12—Special parameters characterising the filtering material
  • B01D2239/1233—Fibre diameter
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
  • B01D2239/12—Special parameters characterising the filtering material
  • B01D2239/1291—Other parameters
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F8/00—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying
  • F24F8/95—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying specially adapted for specific purposes
  • F24F8/96—Treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces otherwise than by heating, cooling, humidifying or drying specially adapted for specific purposes for removing pollen
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
  • Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/40—Knit fabric [i.e., knit strand or strip material]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/40—Knit fabric [i.e., knit strand or strip material]
  • Y10T442/45—Knit fabric is characterized by a particular or differential knit pattern other than open knit fabric or a fabric in which the strand denier is specified
  • Y10T442/456—Including additional strand inserted within knit fabric
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/40—Knit fabric [i.e., knit strand or strip material]
  • Y10T442/45—Knit fabric is characterized by a particular or differential knit pattern other than open knit fabric or a fabric in which the strand denier is specified
  • Y10T442/456—Including additional strand inserted within knit fabric
  • Y10T442/463—Warp knit insert strand

Definitions

• This invention relates to the use of textured yarn material in textile fabrics which are used as a pollen filter to guard against the penetration of dusty, airborne allergens such as pollen and fungal spores into living and working areas by attachment in front of windows and doors over the whole area thereof.
• Pollen allergies are triggered by the genes of wind-pollinated plants which, unlike insect-pollinated plants, utilize air movement to transfer their male genes. Pollens of wind-pollinated plants are for this reason generally smaller than those of insect-pollinated plants. Frequently occurring sizes are in the range from 15 to 50 ⁇ m. Familiar examples of wind-pollinated plants which trigger pollen-allergic reactions are birch, hazel, ragweed and a number of grass species.
• Filtration means whereby air is freed of pollen, germs and spores find use for example in airconditioning and automobiles.
• the filtering effect is achieved in DE 39 04 623 A1 for example through the use of multi-ply filter mats formed from fleeces.
• the laminate of filter mats is additionally folded in a zigzag shape.
• the filtering effect against pollen is achieved by the fibrousness of the fleeces, since the interstices between the fibers are smaller than the pollen to be filtered.
• a window guard against pollen, germs and spores is disclosed for example in DE 197 22 326 A1.
• a fleece is attached as a guard in front of the windowpane, not over the whole area thereof, but in the two wedgelike interstices and also the rectangular opening at the upper side of a window in tilt position.
• the filter is devised as a system to be attached in front of the window over the whole area thereof.
• the arrangement consists of a shrink film which is to be applied in front of the window and which in one area has a cutout into which a filter fleece is adhered by means of a doublesided adhesive tape.
• the filter consists of a fleece formed of polymeric fibers having an electrostatic activity and very fine pores to collect dust particles below 1 ⁇ m in size.
• the fleece in this example is additionally reinforced by a nonwoven scrim.
• Textile fabric refers to the totality of ways of producing textiles from yarn material by conventional fabric-forming operations such as drawn-loop knitting, formed-loop knitting or weaving without wishing to be bound by any one technique.
• the fundamentals of textile fabric-forming operations can be researched in Alfons Hofer: “Stoffe 2”, 1983, Deutsch frabuchverlag or “Kettwirkpraxis”, No. 4, 1970, pages 19 to 20, TECHn der Kettwirkerei.
• the texturing of yarn material is primarily used for textile fabrics formed from manufactured fibers such as polyester or polyamide in order that a character akin to a natural fiber may be conferred on the artificial fibers.
• Manufactured fibers differ from natural fibers, with regard to the spinning into yarns, in the length of the filaments to be spun into yarns.
• the filament length of natural fibers is substantially shorter than that of manufactured fibers and only amounts to a few centimeters. When short filament lengths are spun into yarns and threads, as is the case with cotton for example, it acquires bulk and hence a pleasant feel by virtue of the protruding filament ends.
• manufactured fibers are used in the form of the continuous filaments which, after spinning into yarn, have a parallel position relative to each other and confer a smooth, unnatural feel on the yarn.
• the texturing of yarn material composed of artificial continuous filaments can be effected for example by deforming the filaments from their parallel position by torsion or bending with subsequent heatsetting.
• An example is the so-called false twisting process [Grundlagen der Textilveredelung, 13th revised edition, Deutsch subuchverlag 1989].
• Textile fabrics in manufactured fibers such as polyester with textured yarn material are frequently used, on account of their pleasant sensory properties, for apparel purposes for example as front appliqué in the high-ticket outerwear sector.
• the use as a pollen guard in front of window areas and door openings and also for other air inlets is a new field of application and is to be protected.
• the use of a textile fabric having textured threads has the advantage over the cited approach of achieving a filtration of pollen through the small distance between warp and fill threads in the case of woven fabrics that the filaments of the textured thread narrow the actual space between the threads and thereby create spacings between the filaments of two adjacent threads and/or the filaments of the textured thread that are impassable for pollen.
• the bulking of the threads results in the two-dimensional fabric being extended into the third dimension.
• the textured threads thus on the one hand, through a longer flow path, extend the contact time of the air with the filter material and on the other enlarge the filter surface area, which leads to improved filter properties.
• textured threads find use in wovens for the microfiltration of liquid and gaseous media.
• a textile fabric especially of a formed-loop knit, as a guard means to be applied in front of an airing means such as for example a window over the whole area thereof to prevent pollen entering an amenity.
• the invention accordingly provides a textile fabric, preferably a woven or loop-formingly knitted fabric, in which at least one textured fill thread is inlaid.
• a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention to be protected is a loop-formingly knitted fabric in which at least one textured fill thread is inlaid.
• Formed-loop knits are accordingly textile fabrics which are formed from one or more threads or from one or more thread systems by mesh formation. Meshes in formed-loop- knits are formed by mutually interlocking loops of yarn. Wovens, in contrast, are fabrics consisting of perpendicularly intercrossing threads of two thread systems, warp threads and fill threads.
• the intermeshed structure of a formed-loop knit makes it possible to achieve a load-extension response which is reversible and offers advantages for use as a pollen guard system.
• the reversible response to a mechanical load is attributable to the fact that, in a cloth construction for example, the wales describe a zigzag pattern.
• a formed-loop knit does not generate a reversible stretch response by stretching of the filaments, but through straightening out of the zigzag course of the wales.
• pillar stitch lapping since here the loops lengthen as it were when the pillar stitch structure is extended.
• the basis weight of the textile fabric is in the range from 30 to 200 g/m 2 and preferably between 40 and 70 g/m 2 .
• the filaments of the threads consist of a polyester and are continuous filaments from 1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably from 1 to 50 ⁇ m and more preferably from 1 to 25 ⁇ m in diameter.
• the thread material is preferably from 50 to 500 ⁇ m and more preferably from 50 to 250 ⁇ m in diameter.
• the textured thread material has a linear density which is preferably in the range from 5 to 30 dtex and more preferably between 5 and 15 dtex.
• the warp threads of the formed-loop knit are lapped as a straight pillar stitch with a DIN 53883 wale density from 20 to 500 and preferably from 30 to 70 and a DIN 53883 course density from 20 to 600, preferably from 50 to 300 and more preferably from 100 to 250.
• Textured fill threads are inlaid in the pillar stitches, the number of threads per cm being in the range from 2 to 60, preferably in the range from 5 to 30 and more preferably in the range from 10 to 25.
• Fill threads in partial insertion join two pillar stitch lappings separated by one pillar stitch lapping together in a zigzag shape by joining two adjacent courses together.
• the pollen guard system is useful not only for windows in households but also for roof lights and door openings such as balcony and patio doors and the like.
• the problem of the door being impassable can be solved through a specific design of the attachment system.
• a further use is in relation to car windows to allow someone who is allergic to pollen to open the window during the summer months.
• roof lights as a permanent bed net or a simple-to-deinstall traveler's bed net form part of the inventive concept.
• a further embodiment of the pollen guard system consists in the manufacture of a wedgelike system which is fitted into the opening gap which appears when a tilt and turn window or door is tilted open.
• the pollen guard can be configured in such a way that in the case of pivoting wing windows, whose wings swing open on two horizontal central pivots, it may likewise be fitted in the resulting opening slots.
• Further embodiments of the pollen guard are the impositioning of the filter according to the present invention in a cutout in a foil or some other material by means of customary attachment techniques, for example for cost reasons or for framing, which is subsequently attached in front of the airing means, such as a window, to be covered.
• the present invention likewise comprises covering the pollen guard with a protector against mechanical stresses such as for example with a grid or a coarsely meshed woven fabric or the like.
• the invention further encompasses the use of the filter material in airconditioning means such as for example in the airing system for buildings, caravans or motor vehicles, including as a filter inset in window frame material or even in a cutout in a glass window pane itself. Further embodiments are in the leisure sector such as for example the use in tents or in front of boat cabin doors.
• the pollen guard system is attached to the outward grooves in the case of windows which pivot into the interior of the room and to the inward grooves in the case of windows which pivot outward.
• the mounting of the pollen guard system can be carried out in various ways.
• An example of an advantageous way is to attach it by means of a onesided adhesive mushroom tape.
• the mushroom tape is adhered into the groove of the window so that it frames the window opening to be fitted with the pollen guard system.
• the pollen guard formed-loop knit after it has been trimmed to the size of the window, is pressed onto the mushroom tape and held in place by the mushrooms.
• a further embodiment of the attachment system consists in the use of adhesive materials such as for example onesided or doublesided adhesive tapes, varieties of other double-sided adhesive materials such as tesa® Power Strips or the adhering of the pollen guard by means of an adhesive only. Additional embodiments are constituted by the attaching of the pollen guard by means of nails, tacks, hooks, screws, bolts, clamps, buttons, press studs, paperclips or with the aid of a curtain rail. It is also conceivable to attach the pollen guard system via auxiliary struts which are situated in a seam at the edge of the pollen guard or secured thereto in some other way and which are fixed in clamping means attached to the frame of the window.
• adhesive materials such as for example onesided or doublesided adhesive tapes, varieties of other double-sided adhesive materials such as tesa® Power Strips or the adhering of the pollen guard by means of an adhesive only. Additional embodiments are constituted by the attaching of the pollen guard by means of nails, tacks, hook
• a further way to attach the pollen guard system is to use an additional mushroom tape which possesses a felty fabric. After the window frame has been equipped with the adhesive mushroom tape, the further mushroom tape is applied with the fleece side to the adhered mushroom tape, followed by the application of the pollen guard formed-loop knit.
• the advantage of using an additional mushroom tape is the easier demounting and remounting of the pollen guard for example at the end and on recommencement of the pollen season. Since the pollen guard formed-loop knit is individually cut to size by the user, it is additionally necessary for the loop-formingly knitted structure to be protected against damage to the loop-formingly knitted structure such as for example the inadvertent pulling out of the fill threads.
• the attaching of the fleece mushroom tape can provide a similar protective effect at the pollen guard formed-loop knit such as that of a seam.
• the pollen guard loop-formed knit to doors, moreover, there is the advantage that the pollen guard formed-loop knit equipped with the fleece mushroom tape can be rolled up along the door groove in the applied state to enable passage through the door without the system having to be completely removed.
• Another conceivable way to make passage through the door possible is a vertical slot in the formed-loop knit that can be closed by means of a similarly constructed fleece mushroom tape system.
• Formed-loop knit 1 has a significantly higher stitch density than formed-loop knit 2. Comparison of the results for the filter effect versus birch pollen shows for formed-loop knit 2 clearly the supporting influence of the textured fill threads within the meaning of the invention to be protected over the denser formed-loop knit 1.
• the principle of measurement is based on a simultaneous particle count by means of two particle counters.
• Birch pollen is atomized and introduced into an air flow through a tubular experimental setup by means of compressed air.
• the intake funnels of two commercially available particle counters one of which is covered with the test pattern, while the other is left uncovered for reference, are situated at the point of exit from the housing.
• the particle counters simultaneously provide particle counts per measurement for the uncovered case and for the case covered with the test pattern.
• the filter effect with regard to birch pollen F reported in the examples is the result of ten individual measurements, owing to the very high standard deviation of the individual values.
• the comparison limit of this method is 10%; that is, differences above 10% in the filter effect of the two samples are significant. Since the two particle counters also capture particles present in the indoor air, but it is not known how many indoor air particles are filtered, no correction was applied to the individual values. It can be estimated that, when the two measured values are diminished by the number of indoor air particles, the result for the individual value of the filter effect is higher better.
• the experimental setup consists of a tubular housing. At the point of air inlet is situated a blower to adjust the air flow through the tubular housing, this blower aspirating ambient air and conveying it through the housing.
• the intake funnels for the particle counters and also the cup wheel of an anemometer are situated at the air outlet.
• the birch pollen is introduced on the suction side of the blower.
• the tubular experimental setup is 1.6 m in length and 0.29 m in diameter for the circular cross section.
• the tube walls consist of aluminum sheet 1 mm in thickness.
• the air flow is realized by a blower which is sealingly attached to the housing inlet and which can continuously generate wind speeds of up to 5 m/s via closed loop control means.
• the diameter of the blower is flush with the diameter of the housing.
• This experimental apparatus was equipped with a Ziehl EBM ball bearing fan having a high air volume rate.
• the intake funnels for the particle counters and the cup wheel of the anemometer are mounted on the outermost radius of the exit opening from the housing and protrude into the exit housing by 3 to 4 cm.
• the intake funnels and the cup wheel are aligned parallel to the air flow.
• the exact positions of the intake funnels and of the cup wheel are illustrated with reference to the face of a timepiece. Viewed in the direction of flow, the intake funnels occupy the positions at 5:30 and 6:30 while the cup wheel is positioned at 7 o'clock.
• the particle counters used are a Partoscope R from Kratel and a 28DD particle monitor from Deha. Both instruments possess plural measuring channels for various particle size ranges. As a result, particle size ranges from above 0.3 to above 5 ⁇ m can be determined distributively and cumulatively for the Partoscope R counter and particle size ranges from about 0.3 to above 10 ⁇ m can be determined distributively and cumulatively for the 28DD counter.
• the measured values utilized for determining the filter effect constitute the particle numbers measured cumulatively for the range above 3 ⁇ m for both particle counters. The measuring time to determine the reference and comparative values was 60 s for both instruments.
• the test substance used was natural birch pollen.
• Birch pollen has a size spectrum from about 10 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m in diameter and is approximately spherical. Birch pollen for medical purposes is available from Allergon of Sweden. The measured results were generated with the birch pollen species Betula lutea.
• the birch pollen was introduced into the air stream by using compressed air to blow it out of a stock reservoir vessel, through a hose system and perpendicularly and centrally upstream of the suction side of the blower. To this end, about 0.001 g of birch pollen is weighed into a 100 ml ground joint conical flask used as a stock reservoir vessel. The conical flask is sealed with a gas inlet tube having a ground joint fitting that of the conical flask and an outlet opening.
• the compressed air supply is connected up to a three-way cock by means of a hose.
• the other two terminals of the three-way cock are connected via hoses to volume flow measuring means and to the inlet opening of the gas inlet tube in the conical flask.
• the outlet opening of the stock reservoir vessel is connected through a hose to a glass tube which is situated centrally and perpendicularly, directly above the suction side of the blower.
• the setting of the three-way cock determines whether the compressed air volume flow is measured or the compressed air is passed through the stock reservoir vessel to atomize the pollen.
• the measured results were obtained with the compressed air volume flow set to 15 l/min.
• compressed air was passed through the stock reservoir vessel for 5 s during the abovementioned measuring time of 1 minute.
• the samples were attached in front of the intake funnels of the particle counters by adhering an approximately circularly round sample about 4.5 cm in diameter to a matching circularly round frame.
• the frame has been appropriately equipped with a doublesided adhesive tape.
• the adhesive tape used was tesa® 4965. Prior to particle measurement, the frame is pushed together with the sample over the intake funnel of one of the two particle counters.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Filtering Materials (AREA)

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Cited By (8)

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Citations (6)

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• 2001
  • 2001-03-09 DE DE10111307A patent/DE10111307A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2002
  • 2002-02-16 WO PCT/EP2002/001681 patent/WO2002072231A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2002-03-08 US US10/469,059 patent/US20040132370A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2002-03-08 EP EP02726151A patent/EP1370339A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2002-03-08 WO PCT/EP2002/002566 patent/WO2002072233A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (6)

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