US20030191193A1 - Lactoferrin - Google Patents

Lactoferrin Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030191193A1
US20030191193A1 US10/205,960 US20596002A US2003191193A1 US 20030191193 A1 US20030191193 A1 US 20030191193A1 US 20596002 A US20596002 A US 20596002A US 2003191193 A1 US2003191193 A1 US 2003191193A1
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ion
polypeptide
lactoferrin
polypeptide contains
mixture
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Jillian Cornish
Ian Reid
Kate Palmano
Neill Haggarty
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Auckland Uniservices Ltd
Invitria Inc
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Individual
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Assigned to FONTERRA RESEARCH CENTRE, LTD. reassignment FONTERRA RESEARCH CENTRE, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CORNISH, JILLIAN, REID, IAN REGINALD, PALMANO, KATE PATRICIA, HAGGARTY, NEILL WARD
Priority to TW92120334A priority Critical patent/TW200418503A/zh
Priority to AR20030102683A priority patent/AR040695A1/es
Assigned to NZMP + HEALTH AND NUTRITION UNIT,, AUCKLAND UNISERVICES LTD,, FONTERRA CORPORATE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LTD, reassignment NZMP + HEALTH AND NUTRITION UNIT, ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FONTERRA RESEARCH CENTRE, LTD.
Publication of US20030191193A1 publication Critical patent/US20030191193A1/en
Priority to US12/098,253 priority patent/US20080188644A1/en
Priority to US12/493,919 priority patent/US20090259025A1/en
Priority to US12/853,149 priority patent/US20100305308A1/en
Priority to US13/082,334 priority patent/US8703699B2/en
Assigned to Fonterra Corporate Research and Development Ltd., AUCKLAND UNISERVICES LTD., NZMP LIMITED reassignment Fonterra Corporate Research and Development Ltd. CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE NAME OF ONE OF THE ASSIGNEES PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 014573 FRAME 0854. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE NAME OF THE ASSIGNEE IS NZMP LIMITED. Assignors: FONTERRA RESEARCH CENTRE, LTD.
Assigned to FONTERRA LIMITED reassignment FONTERRA LIMITED CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NZMP LIMITED
Assigned to AUCKLAND UNISERVICES LIMITED reassignment AUCKLAND UNISERVICES LIMITED CONFIRMATORY DEED OF ASSIGNMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS Assignors: AUCKLAND UNISERVICES LIMITED, FONTERRA CORPORATE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LIMITED, FONTERRA LIMITED
Assigned to INVITRIA, INC. reassignment INVITRIA, INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: VENTRIA BIOSCIENCE INC.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/79—Transferrins, e.g. lactoferrins, ovotransferrins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
    • A23J1/00—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
    • A23J1/20—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from milk, e.g. casein; from whey
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
    • A23L33/18—Peptides; Protein hydrolysates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
    • A23L33/19—Dairy proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/40—Transferrins, e.g. lactoferrins, ovotransferrins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
    • A61P19/10—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease for osteoporosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/02—Nutrients, e.g. vitamins, minerals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

  • Lactoferrin is an 80 kD iron-binding glycoprotein present in most exocrine fluids, including tears, bile, bronchial mucus, gastrointestinal fluids, cervico-vaginal mucus, seminal fluid, and milk. It is a major constituent of the secondary specific granules of circulating poly-morphonuclear neutrophils. The richest source of lactoferrin is mammalian milk and colostrum.
  • Lactoferrin circulates at a concentration of 2-7 ⁇ g/ml. It has multiple postulated biological roles, including regulation of iron metabolism, immune function, and embryonic development. Lactoferrin has anti-microbial activity against a range of pathogens including Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, yeasts, and fungi. The anti-microbial effect of lactoferrin is based on its capability of binding iron, which is essential for the growth of the pathogens. Lactoferrin also inhibits the replication of several viruses and increases the susceptibility of some bacteria to antibiotics and lysozyme by binding to lipid A component of lipopolysaccharides on bacterial membranes.
  • This invention relates to a lactoferrin polypeptide that is capable of stimulating skeletal growth and inhibiting bone resorption.
  • this invention features a pure lactoferrin polypeptide containing no more than two (i.e., 0, 1, or, preferably, 2) metal ions per molecule.
  • a “pure” polypeptide is a polypeptide free from other biological macromolecules and at least 65% (e.g., at least 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, or 99%) pure by dry weight.
  • the purity of a polypeptide can be measured by any appropriate standard method, for example, by column chromatography, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, or HPLC analysis.
  • the lactoferrin polypeptide can be a naturally occurring polypeptide, a recombinant polypeptide, or a synthetic polypeptide.
  • variants of a wild-type lactoferrin polypeptide e.g., a fragment of the wild-type lactoferrin polypeptide containing at least 2 (e.g., 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700) amino acids, or a recombinant protein containing a lactoferrin polypeptide sequence
  • a lactoferrin polypeptide of the invention can be of a mammalian origin, e.g., from human or bovine milk.
  • the metal ion bound to the polypeptide can be an iron ion (as in a naturally occurring lactoferrin polypeptide), a copper ion, a chromium ion, a cobalt ion, a manganese ion, a zinc ion, or a magnesium ion.
  • a lactoferrin polypeptide of the invention can be used to stimulate skeletal growth (e.g., by promoting proliferation of osteoblasts and chondrocytes) and inhibit bone resorption (e.g., by inhibiting osteoclast development).
  • a preparation of a lactoferrin polypeptide of the invention e.g., lactoferrin isolated from bovine milk
  • polypeptides of different species e.g., some molecules binding no ion and others each binding one or two ions; some molecules each binding an iron ion and others each binding a copper ion; some molecules each being a biological active lactoferrin polypeptide (full-length or shorter than full-length) that contains 0, 1, or 2 metal ions and others each being a fragment (same or different) of the polypeptide; or all molecules each being a fragment (same or different) of a full-length lactoferrin polypeptide that contains 0, 1, or 2 metal ions.
  • polypeptides of different species e.g., some molecules binding no ion and others each binding one or two ions; some molecules each binding an iron ion and others each binding a copper ion; some molecules each being a biological active lactoferrin polypeptide (full-length or shorter than full-length) that contains 0, 1, or 2 metal ions and others each being a fragment (same or different) of the polypeptide
  • a mixture of full-length lactoferrin polypeptides and various fragments of full-length lactoferrin polypeptides can be prepared from a hydrolysate, e.g., a partial digest such as a proteinase digest, of full-length lactoferrin polypeptides. Otherwise, it can be obtained by mixing full-length lactoferrin polypeptides with various fragments of full-length lactoferrin polypeptides (e.g., synthetic fragments).
  • a mixture of various fragments of full-length lactoferrin polypeptides can be prepared, for example, by complete digestion (i.e., no full-length polypeptides remain after digestion) of full-length lactoferrin polypeptides, or by mixing different fragments of full-length lactoferrin polypeptides.
  • the invention further features a nutraceutical composition, which can be milk, juice, a soft drink, a snack bar, or a dietary supplement.
  • the nutraceutical composition contains a lactoferrin polypeptide of the invention or a mixture of the polypeptide and fragments of the polypeptide in an amount higher than the naturally occurring amount. Lactoferrin has been found to stimulate osteoblast and chondrocyte proliferation and inhibit osteoclast development.
  • a nutraceutical composition of this invention is useful for preventing and treating bone disorders such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid or osteo-arthritis.
  • the nutraceutical composition can further include an adequate amount of another bone-enhancing agent, such as calcium, zinc, magnesium, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K2, or a mixture thereof.
  • this invention features a pharmaceutical composition that contains a lactoferrin polypeptide of the invention or a mixture of the polypeptide and fragments of the polypeptide and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the pharmaceutical composition also includes another bone-enhancing agent.
  • the invention also encompasses the use of a lactoferrin polypeptide or a mixture of the polypeptide and fragments of the polypeptide described above for the manufacture of a medicament for preventing and treating bone diseases.
  • This invention provides a method of preventing and treating bone-related disorders (e.g., by stimulating skeletal growth and inhibiting bone resorption).
  • the method includes administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a lactoferrin polypeptide of the invention or a mixture of the polypeptide and fragments of the polypeptide.
  • the method can further include concurrently administering to the subject an effective amount of another bone-enhancing agent.
  • This invention is based on the unexpected discovery that lactoferrin stimulates osteoblast and chondrocyte proliferation and inhibits osteoclast development. Thus, it is useful for preventing and treating bone disorders.
  • a lactoferrin polypeptide of the invention is a pure polypeptide containing no more than two metal ions per molecule. Practically, the measurement of the ion/lactoferrin ratio for a preparation of lactoferrin can be in the range of 0-2.5. It can be isolated from a natural source (e.g., mammalian milk), or produced using genetic engineering or chemical synthesis techniques well-known in the art. The following is an exemplary procedure for isolating lactoferrin from bovine milk:
  • Fresh skim milk (7 L, pH 6.5) is passed through a 300 ml column of S Sepharose Fast Flow equilibrated in milli Q water, at a flow rate of 5 ml/min and at 4° C. Unbound protein is washed through with 2.5 bed volumes of water and bound protein eluted stepwise with approximately 2.5 bed volumes each of 0.1 M, 0.35 M, and 1.0 M sodium chloride. Lactoferrin eluting as a discreet pink band in 1 M sodium chloride is collected as a single fraction and dialysed against milli Q water followed by freeze-drying.
  • the freeze-dried powder is dissolved in 25 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.5 and subjected to rechromatography on S Sepharose Fast Flow with a sodium chloride gradient to 1 M in the above buffer and at a flow rate of 3 ml/min.
  • Fractions containing lactoferrin of sufficient purity as determined by gel electrophoresis and reversed phase HPLC are combined, dialyzed and freeze-dried.
  • Final purification of lactoferrin is accomplished by gel filtration on Sephacryl 300 in 80 mM dipotassium phosphate, pH 8.6, containing 0.15 M potassium chloride. Selected fractions are combined, dialyzed against milli Q water, and freeze-dried.
  • the purity of this preparation is greater than 95% as indicated by HPLC analysis and by the spectral ratio values (280 nm/465 nm) of ⁇ 19 or less for the iron-saturated form of lactoferrin.
  • Iron saturation is achieved by addition of a 2:1 molar excess of 5 mM ferric nitrilotriacetate (Foley and Bates (1987) Analytical Biochemistry 162, 296-300) to a 1% solution of the purified lactoferrin in 50 mM Tris, pH 7.8 containing 10 mM sodium bicarbonate. Excess ferric nitrilotriacetate is removed by dialysis against 100 volumes of milli Q water (twice renewed) for a total of 20 hours at 4° C. The iron-loaded (holo-) lactoferrin is then freeze-dried.
  • Iron-depleted (apo-) lactoferrin is prepared by dialysis of a 1% solution of the highly purified lactoferrin sample in water against 30 volumes of 0.1 M citric acid, pH 2.3, containing 500 mg/L disodium EDTA, for 30 h at 4° C. (Massons and Heremans (1966) Protides of the Biological fluids 14, 115-124). Citrate and EDTA are then removed by dialysis against 30 volumes of milli Q water (once renewed) and the resulting colourless solution freeze-dried.
  • a lactoferrin polypeptide of the invention can contain an iron ion (as in a naturally occurring lasctoferrin polypeptide) or a non-iron metal ion (e.g., a copper ion, a chromium ion, a cobalt ion, a manganese ion, a zinc ion, or a magnesium ion).
  • an iron ion as in a naturally occurring lasctoferrin polypeptide
  • a non-iron metal ion e.g., a copper ion, a chromium ion, a cobalt ion, a manganese ion, a zinc ion, or a magnesium ion.
  • lactoferrin isolated from bovine milk can be depleted of iron and then loaded with another type of metal ion.
  • copper loading can be achieved according to the same method for iron loading described above.
  • the polypeptides can be of a single species, or of different species.
  • the polypeptides can each contain a different number of metal ions or a different species of metal ions; or the lengths of the polypeptides can vary, e.g., some are full-length polypeptides and some are fragments, and the fragments can each represent a particular portion of a full-length polypeptide.
  • Such a preparation can be obtained from a natural source or by mixing different lactoferrin polypeptide species.
  • a mixture of lactoferrin polypeptides of different lengths can be prepared by proteinase digestion (complete or partial) of full-length lactoferrin polypeptides.
  • the degree of digestion can be controlled according to methods well known in the art, e.g., by manipulating the amount of proteinase or the time of incubation.
  • a complete digestion produces a mixture of various fragments of full-length lactoferrin polypeptides; a partial digestion produces a mixture of full-length lactoferrin polypeptides and various fragments.
  • a lactoferrin polypeptide or a mixture of the polypeptide and fragments of the polypeptide described above is used to prepare a nutraccutical composition of this invention for preventing and treating bone-related disorders.
  • disorders include, but are not limited to, osteoporosis, rheumatoid or osteo-arthritis, hepatic osteodystrophy, osteomalacia, rickets, osteitis fibrosa cystica, renal osteodystrophy, osteosclerosis, osteopenia, fibrogenesis-imperfecta ossium, secondary hyperparathyrodism, hypoparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, chronic renal disease, sarcoidosis, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, idiopathic hypercalcemia, Paget's disease, and osteogenesis imperfecta.
  • the nutraceutical composition can be a dietary supplement (e.g., a capsule, a mini-bag, or a tablet) or a food product (e.g., milk, juice, a soft drink, a herbal tea-bag, or confectionary).
  • the composition can also include other nutrients, such as a protein, a carbohydrate, vitamins, minerals, or amino acids.
  • the composition can be in a form suitable for oral use, such as a tablet, a hard or soft capsule, an aqueous or oil suspension, or a syrup; or in a form suitable for parenteral use, such as an aqueous propylene glycol solution, or a buffered aqueous solution.
  • the amount of the active ingredient in the nutraceutical composition depends to a large extent on a subject's specific need. The amount also varies, as recognized by those skilled in the art, dependent on administration route, and possible co-usage of other bone-enhancing agents.
  • a pharmaceutical composition that contains an effective amount of a lactoferrin polypeptide or a mixture of the polypeptide and fragments of the polypeptide described above, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can be used to prevent and treat bone-related disorders described above.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can further include an effective amount of another bone-enhancing agent.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier includes a solvent, a dispersion medium, a coating, an antibacterial and antifungal agent, and an isotonic and absorption delaying agent.
  • An “effective amount” is the amount required to confer therapeutic effect. The interrelationship of dosages for animals and humans (based on milligrams per meter squared of body surface) is described by Freireich, et al.
  • Body surface area can be approximately determined from height and weight of the subject. See, e.g., Scientific Tables, Geigy Pharmaceuticals, Ardley, N. Y., 1970, 537. Effective doses also vary, as recognized by those skilled in the art, dependent on route of administration, excipient usage, and the like.
  • a lactoferrin polypeptide of the invention or a mixture of the polypeptide and fragments of the polypeptide can be formulated into dosage forms for different administration routes utilizing conventional methods. For example, it can be formulated in a capsule, a gel seal, or a tablet for oral administration. Capsules can contain any standard pharmaceutically acceptable materials such as gelatin or cellulose. Tablets can be formulated in accordance with conventional procedures by compressing mixtures of the lactoferrin polypeptide or a mixture of the polypeptide and fragments of the polypeptide with a solid carrier and a lubricant. Examples of solid carriers include starch and sugar bentonite.
  • the lactoferrin polypeptide or a mixture of the polypeptide and fragments of the polypeptide can also be administered in a form of a hard shell tablet or a capsule containing a binder, e.g., lactose or mannitol, a conventional filler, and a tableting agent.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can be administered via the parenteral route.
  • parenteral dosage forms include aqueous solutions, isotonic saline or 5% glucose of the active agent, or other well-known pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • Cyclodextrins, or other solubilizing agents well-known to those familiar with the art can be utilized as pharmaceutical excipients for delivery of the therapeutic agent.
  • compositions of this invention can be evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. See, e.g., the examples below. Briefly, the composition can be tested for its ability to promote osteoblast and chondrocyte proliferation in vitro. For in vivo studies, the composition can be injected into an animal (e.g., a mouse) and its effects on bone tissues are then accessed. Based on the results, an appropriate dosage range and administration route can be determined.
  • an animal e.g., a mouse
  • Osteoblasts were isolated by collagenase digestion from 20-day fetal rat calvariae, as previously described by Lowe and co-workers (Lowe, et al. (1991) Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 6, 1277-1283). Calvariae were dissected aseptically, and the frontal and parietal bones were stripped of their periosteum. Only the central portions of the bones, free from suture tissue, were collected. The calvariae were treated twice with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 3 mM EDTA (pH 7.4) for 15 minutes at 37° C. in a shaking water bath.
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • the calvariae were treated twice with 3 ml of 1 mg/ml collagenase for 7 minutes at 37° C. After discarding the supernatants from digestions I and II, the calvariae were treated further two times with 3 ml of 2 mg/ml collagenase (30 mins, 37° C.). The supernatants of digestions III and IV were pooled, centrifuged, and the cells washed in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DME) with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), suspended in DME/10% FCS, and placed in 75 Cm 3 flasks. The cells were incubated under 5% CO 2 and 95% air at 37° C.
  • DME Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
  • FCS fetal calf serum
  • the cell numbers were determined after detaching cells from the wells by exposure to trypsin/EDTA (0.05%/0.53 mM) for approximately 5 minutes at 37° C. Counting was performed in a haemocytometer chamber. [ 3 H]-thymidine incorporation into actively growing and non-actively growing cells was assessed by pulsing the cells with [ 3 H]-thymidine (1 ⁇ Ci/well) two hours before the end of the incubation. The experiment was terminated at 6, 24, or 48 hours by washing the cells in MEM containing cold thymidine followed by the addition of 10% trichloroacetic acid. The precipitate was washed twice with ethanol:ether (3:1), and the wells desiccated at room temperature.
  • the mitogenic response of the purified lactoferrin sample was found to be very potent, as shown by a markedly increased rate of osteoblast cell proliferation (i.e., increase in thymidine incorporation into DNA of growing cells).
  • the potent osteogenic response seen above was compared with that of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a well-recognized osteoblast mitogen.
  • IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor 1
  • lactoferrin's effect was 2.26 times that of the control for the highest dose tested (10 ⁇ g/ml).
  • Chondrocytes were isolated by removing cartilage (full-depth slices) from the tibial and femoral surfaces of sheep under aseptic conditions. Slices were placed in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles (DME) media containing 5% FBS (v/v) and antibiotics (penicillin 50 g/L, streptomycin 50 g/L and neomycin 100 g/L) and chopped finely with a scalpel blade. Tissue was removed and incubated at 37° C. with firstly pronase (0.8% w/v for 90 minutes) followed by collagenase (0.1% w/v for 18 hours) to complete the digestion.
  • DME Dulbecco's Modified Eagles
  • Cells were isolated from the digest by centrifugation (10 minutes at 1300 rpm), resuspended in DME/5% FBS, passed through a nylon mesh screen of 90 Fm pore size to remove any undigested fragments, and recentrifuged. The cells were then washed and resuspended twice in the same media, seeded into a 75 cm 2 flask containing DME/10% FBS, and incubated under 5% CO 2 /95% air at 37° C. Confluence was reached by 7 days, at which time the cells were subcultured.
  • the cells were rinsed in DME/5% FBS and resuspended in a fresh medium, then seeded into 24-well plates (5 ⁇ 10 4 cells/mL, 0.5 mL/well). Measurement of thymidine incorporation was performed in growth-arrested cell populations as for the osteoblast-like cell cultures described above. Lactoferrin was found to stimulate chondrocyte proliferation at concentrations above 0.1 ⁇ g/ml.
  • Lactoferrin Promotes Proliferation of Osteoblasts in Organ Culture
  • Neonatal mouse organ culture has been previously described (Cornish, et al. (1998) Am J Physiol 274, E827-E833). Briefly, two-day old neonatal mice were subcutaneously injected with radioactively labeled 45 Ca. Three days later, the calvariae were excised and placed on mesh grids in Petri dishes containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin/Media 199. Lactoferrin was added, and the calvariae were incubated for 48 hours. Four hours before the end of the incubation period, [ 3 H]-thymidine was added. The experiment was terminated, and 45 Ca release and thymidine incorporation were measured. Lactoferrin was found to stimulate DNA synthesis, which reflects the proliferation of cells of the osteoblast lineage.
  • the treatment medium was aspirated, the cells were washed in ice-cold PBS and then scraped in ice-cold HNTG lysis buffer (50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 1% Triton, 10% glycerol, 1.5 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM EDTA) containing a cocktail of protease and phosphatase inhibitors (1 mM PMSF, 1 ⁇ g/ml peptatin, 10 ⁇ g/ml leupeptin, 10 ⁇ g/ml aprotinin, 1 mM sodium vanadate, 500 mM NaF).
  • HNTG lysis buffer 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 1% Triton, 10% glycerol, 1.5 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM EDTA
  • a cocktail of protease and phosphatase inhibitors (1 mM PMSF
  • the lysates were briefly vortexed, centrifuged at 13,000 rpm at 4° C., then stored at ⁇ 70° C. until analyzed. Protein content of the cell lysates was measured using the DC protein assay (BioRad, Hercules, Calif.). Equal amounts of the whole cell lysate (30-50 ⁇ g) were subjected to 8% SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, and immunoblotted overnight at 4° C. with an anti-phospho-p42/44 MAP kinase antibody (1:1000). As a control for protein loading, the same filters were stripped and re-probed with an antibody against total p42/44 MAP kinase (1:400).
  • Set yoghurts of between 14 and 17% solids, with or without fruit added, can be prepared as follows:
  • An alternative method for preparing the same set yoghurts is by dry blending the indicated quantity of lactoferrin or the indicated quantity as a dose rate, into the dry milk solids, prior to its use in the yoghurt formulation.
  • Dry blends of either skim or whole milk powder with calcium and the freeze dried lactoferrin preparations can give dairy based formulations or compositions which can be used either as functional foods or as functional food ingredients.
  • Such compositions can be used as reconstituted milks, milk powder ingredients, dairy desserts, functional foods, cheeses or butter or beverages, and nutraceuticals or dietary supplements.
  • Blending the dry ingredients in ratios of milk powder:calcium:active lactoferrin agent between 90:9.5:0.5 and 94:5.95:0.0001 provide compositions suitable for such uses.
  • Blended compositions of milk powder, calcium, and the lactoferrin rich ingredient can be used as bone health functional foods, bone health food ingredients, or as a food ingredient for delivery of bone health nutrients in a range of health foods.
  • the calcium and protein contents of the compositions need to be adjusted to required, allowable nutritional limits.
  • Commercially available ingredient milk powders typically contains between 300 and 900 mg calcium per 100 g powder, depending upon their sources. A source of calcium may be added to the powder to extend the calcium content up to 3% by weight of the ingredient milk powder as a blend.
  • the protein level of commercially available ingredient milk or dairy-based protein powders varies depending upon the type of the ingredient, the method of its manufacture, and its intended use.
  • Ingredient milk powder typically contains between 12% and 92% protein. Examples are commercially available skim and whole milk powders, food grade caseins, caseinates, milk protein concentrate powders, spray dried ultrafiltered or microfiltered retentate powders, and the milk protein isolate products.
  • the lactoferrin rich preparation may be incorporated into a protein and calcium blend to give nutritional milk powders that can be used as ingredients in healthy foods and drinks.
  • Such blends provide ingredients suitable for use in preparing yoghurts and yoghurt drinks, acid beverages, ingredient milk powder blends, pasteurized liquid milk products, UHT milk products, cultured milk products, acidified milk drinks, milk-and-cereal combination products, malted milks, milk-and-soy combination products.
  • the blend can have a composition where the calcium content is between 0.001% and 3.5% (w/w), the protein composition is between 2% and 92%, and lactoferrin as the osteoblast proliferating agent is added at levels between 0.000001% and 5.5%.

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US10/205,960 2002-04-03 2002-07-26 Lactoferrin Abandoned US20030191193A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TW92120334A TW200418503A (en) 2002-07-26 2003-07-25 Lactoferrin polypeptide for enhancing bone health
AR20030102683A AR040695A1 (es) 2002-04-03 2003-07-25 Polipeptido de lactoferrina para mejorar la salud osea
US12/098,253 US20080188644A1 (en) 2002-04-03 2008-04-04 Lactoferrin
US12/493,919 US20090259025A1 (en) 2002-04-03 2009-06-29 Lactoferrin
US12/853,149 US20100305308A1 (en) 2002-04-03 2010-08-09 Lactoferrin
US13/082,334 US8703699B2 (en) 2002-04-03 2011-04-07 Lactoferrin

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NZ51812102 2002-04-03
NZ518121 2002-04-03

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US12/098,253 Continuation US20080188644A1 (en) 2002-04-03 2008-04-04 Lactoferrin

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US10/205,960 Abandoned US20030191193A1 (en) 2002-04-03 2002-07-26 Lactoferrin
US12/098,253 Abandoned US20080188644A1 (en) 2002-04-03 2008-04-04 Lactoferrin
US12/493,919 Abandoned US20090259025A1 (en) 2002-04-03 2009-06-29 Lactoferrin
US12/853,149 Abandoned US20100305308A1 (en) 2002-04-03 2010-08-09 Lactoferrin
US13/082,334 Expired - Fee Related US8703699B2 (en) 2002-04-03 2011-04-07 Lactoferrin

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US12/098,253 Abandoned US20080188644A1 (en) 2002-04-03 2008-04-04 Lactoferrin
US12/493,919 Abandoned US20090259025A1 (en) 2002-04-03 2009-06-29 Lactoferrin
US12/853,149 Abandoned US20100305308A1 (en) 2002-04-03 2010-08-09 Lactoferrin
US13/082,334 Expired - Fee Related US8703699B2 (en) 2002-04-03 2011-04-07 Lactoferrin

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EP (1) EP1490404B1 (zh)
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WO2008094493A2 (en) * 2007-01-26 2008-08-07 Ventria Bioscience Compositions containing lactoferrin and calcium, and methods of using same
US20090270309A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2009-10-29 Jillian Cornish Use of lactoferrin fragments and hydrolysates
US20100075904A1 (en) * 2008-09-24 2010-03-25 University Of Connecticut Carbon nanotube composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
US8545927B2 (en) 2010-05-10 2013-10-01 University Of Connecticut Lactoferrin-based biomaterials for tissue regeneration and drug delivery
US8778662B2 (en) 2007-07-10 2014-07-15 Glanbia Nutritionals (Ireland) PLC Removing endotoxin from proteins

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TWI276442B (en) * 2005-07-05 2007-03-21 Maxluck Biotechnology Corp Composition of controlling and preventing heart disease
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US8021659B2 (en) 2006-04-28 2011-09-20 Naidu Lp Coenzyme Q10, lactoferrin and angiogenin compositions and uses thereof
FR2903906B1 (fr) * 2006-07-19 2010-11-05 Bio Serae Laboratoires Composition pour prevenir et/ou traiter les maladies articulaires degeneratives.
JP2008303168A (ja) * 2007-06-07 2008-12-18 Japan Health Science Foundation 破骨細胞制御剤とそのスクリーニング方法
CA2744778C (en) 2008-11-28 2019-01-15 University Of Otago Use of lactic acid bacteria to treat or prevent eczema
FR2950510B1 (fr) * 2009-09-28 2013-04-12 Groupe Lactalis Derive laitier pour son utilisation dans le developpement et/ou le maintien de la condition physique des mammiferes, en particulier des animaux de competition.
JP6325666B2 (ja) * 2013-07-05 2018-05-16 ネステク ソシエテ アノニム ラクトフェリン−オステオポンチン−鉄複合体
US10018418B2 (en) 2014-01-07 2018-07-10 Can-Eng Partners Limited Mobile removable hearth for furnace and transporter
EP4136985A1 (en) 2016-12-22 2023-02-22 University of Otago Use of lactic acid bacteria to treat or prevent gestational diabetes mellitus
AU2017380603B2 (en) 2016-12-22 2022-02-03 University Of Otago Use of lactic acid bacteria to treat or prevent gestational diabetes mellitus

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US5932259A (en) * 1994-09-30 1999-08-03 Kato; Ken Bone reinforcing agent and foods and drinks product containing the same
US20030154032A1 (en) * 2000-12-15 2003-08-14 Pittman Debra D. Methods and compositions for diagnosing and treating rheumatoid arthritis

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US20090270309A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2009-10-29 Jillian Cornish Use of lactoferrin fragments and hydrolysates
WO2008094493A2 (en) * 2007-01-26 2008-08-07 Ventria Bioscience Compositions containing lactoferrin and calcium, and methods of using same
WO2008094493A3 (en) * 2007-01-26 2008-11-20 Ventria Bioscience Compositions containing lactoferrin and calcium, and methods of using same
US8778662B2 (en) 2007-07-10 2014-07-15 Glanbia Nutritionals (Ireland) PLC Removing endotoxin from proteins
US9738882B2 (en) 2007-07-10 2017-08-22 Glanbia Nutritionals (Ireland) Ltd. Method for removing endotoxin from proteins
US20100075904A1 (en) * 2008-09-24 2010-03-25 University Of Connecticut Carbon nanotube composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
US8614189B2 (en) 2008-09-24 2013-12-24 University Of Connecticut Carbon nanotube composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
US8545927B2 (en) 2010-05-10 2013-10-01 University Of Connecticut Lactoferrin-based biomaterials for tissue regeneration and drug delivery

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WO2003082921A1 (en) 2003-10-09
US20110183008A1 (en) 2011-07-28
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JP2006501143A (ja) 2006-01-12
EP1490404A4 (en) 2010-02-24
BR0215682A (pt) 2005-01-04
JP4327607B2 (ja) 2009-09-09
DK1490404T3 (da) 2013-09-16
AR040695A1 (es) 2005-04-13
ES2435071T3 (es) 2013-12-18
CA2481315A1 (en) 2003-10-09
US20100305308A1 (en) 2010-12-02
PT1490404E (pt) 2013-09-24
CN1625566B (zh) 2012-10-10
HK1074635A1 (en) 2005-11-18
US20090259025A1 (en) 2009-10-15
CN1625566A (zh) 2005-06-08
US8703699B2 (en) 2014-04-22
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US20080188644A1 (en) 2008-08-07
EP1490404A1 (en) 2004-12-29

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