US10702521B2 - Methods for treating neisseria gonorrhoeae infection with substituted 1,2-dihydro-2A,5,8A-triazaacenaphthylene-3,8-diones - Google Patents

Methods for treating neisseria gonorrhoeae infection with substituted 1,2-dihydro-2A,5,8A-triazaacenaphthylene-3,8-diones Download PDF

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US10702521B2
US10702521B2 US15/505,715 US201515505715A US10702521B2 US 10702521 B2 US10702521 B2 US 10702521B2 US 201515505715 A US201515505715 A US 201515505715A US 10702521 B2 US10702521 B2 US 10702521B2
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dihydro
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methyl
piperidinyl
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Katherine Louisa Widdowson
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GlaxoSmithKline Intellectual Property Development Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/4985—Pyrazines or piperazines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4375—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a six-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. quinolizines, naphthyridines, berberine, vincamine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
    • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4545—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pipamperone, anabasine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
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    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
    • A61K31/472—Non-condensed isoquinolines, e.g. papaverine
    • A61K31/4725—Non-condensed isoquinolines, e.g. papaverine containing further heterocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
    • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
    • A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
    • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
    • A61K31/538—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
    • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
    • A61K31/5383—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/54—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame
    • A61K31/5415—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. phenothiazine, chlorpromazine, piroxicam
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/54—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame
    • A61K31/542—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
    • A61K31/554—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as ring hetero atoms, e.g. clothiapine, diltiazem
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods for treating Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof novel Tricyclic nitrogen containing compounds and corresponding pharmaceutical compositions as described herein.
  • Gonorrhea is the second most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection globally and remains an important clinical and public health problem throughout the world. Gonococcal infections following sexual and perinatal transmission are a major source of morbidity worldwide [Barry, 2009]. Infections can involve cervicitis, proctitis, urethritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, epididymitis, orchitis, prostatitis, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis and other disseminated gonococcal diseases.
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae also known as gonococci (plural), GC (an abbreviation) or gonococcus (singular), is a species of Gram-negative coffee bean-shaped diplococci bacteria responsible for the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea.[1]
  • Complications include infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, adverse outcomes of pregnancy, and increased susceptibility to and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus [Workowski, 2008; Barry, 2009].
  • antimicrobial agents have been used over the years for the treatment of gonorrhea; however, effective treatment options for gonorrhea have diminished rapidly because of the emergence and worldwide spread of antimicrobial resistance to many drugs previously used or considered first line, i.e., penicillins, narrow-spectrum cephalosporins, tetracyclines, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones [Workowski, 2008; Barry, 2009].
  • CDC Disease Control and Prevention
  • the CDC has urged scientists and private-sector drug developers to prioritize the identification and study of new, effective antibiotic treatment options for gonorrhea [CDC, 2013].
  • WO02/08224 WO02/50061, WO02/56882, WO02/96907, WO2003087098, WO2003010138, WO2003064421, WO2003064431, WO2004002992, WO2004002490, WO2004014361, WO2004041210, WO2004096982, WO2002050036, WO2004058144, WO2004087145, WO2006002047, WO2006014580, WO2006010040, WO2006017326, WO2006012396, WO2006017468, WO2006020561, WO2006081179, WO2006081264, WO2006081289, WO2006081178, WO2006081182, WO01/25227, WO02/40474, WO02/07572, WO2004024712, WO2004024713, WO2004035569, WO2004087647, WO2004089947, WO20050169
  • WO2004104000 discloses tricyclic condensed ring compounds capable of selectively acting on cannabinoid receptors.
  • WO2003048081, WO2003048158 and US2003232804 disclose glycinamides as Factor Xa inhibitors.
  • the present invention relates to methods for treating Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof novel Tricyclic nitrogen containing compounds and corresponding pharmaceutical compositions as described herein.
  • the present invention relates to methods for treating Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof novel Tricyclic nitrogen containing compounds and corresponding pharmaceutical compositions as described herein.
  • the present invention provides for use of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or N-oxide thereof:
  • Z 1 and Z 2 are independently selected from CH and N;
  • R 1a and R 1b are independently selected from hydrogen; halogen; cyano; (C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 1-6 )alkylthio; trifluoromethyl; trifluoromethoxy; carboxy; hydroxy optionally substituted with (C 1-6 )alkyl or (C 1-6 )alkoxy-substituted(C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 1-6 )alkoxy-substituted(C 1-6 )alkyl; hydroxy (C 1-6 )alkyl; an amino group optionally N-substituted by one or two (C 1-6 )alkyl, formyl, (C 1-6 )alkylcarbonyl or (C 1-6 )alkylsulphonyl groups; and aminocarbonyl wherein the amino group is optionally substituted by (C 1-4 )alkyl; provided that R 1a and R 1b are H when Z 2 or Z
  • R 3 is as defined for R 1a and R 1b or is oxo and n is 1 or 2: or A is a group (ii)
  • the invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or N-oxide thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • one of Z 1 and Z 2 is CH or N and the other is CH.
  • R 1a and R 1b are independently hydrogen, (C 1-4 )alkoxy, (C 1-4 )alkylthio, (C 1-4 )alkyl, cyano, carboxy, hydroxymethyl or halogen; more particularly hydrogen, methoxy, methyl, cyano, or halogen.
  • R 1a and R 1b are hydrogen.
  • R 2 is hydrogen
  • R 3 include hydrogen; optionally substituted hydroxy; optionally substituted amino; halogen; (C 1-4 ) alkyl; 1-hydroxy-(C 1-4 ) alkyl; optionally substituted aminocarbonyl. More particular R 3 groups are hydrogen; CONH 2 ; 1-hydroxyalkyl e.g. CH 2 OH; optionally substituted hydroxy e.g. methoxy; optionally substituted amino; and halogen, in particular fluoro. Most particularly R 3 is hydrogen, hydroxy or fluoro.
  • n when A is (ia), n is 1. In a further aspect R 3 is in the 3- or 4-position. In a more particular aspect, A is (ia), n is 1 and R 3 is in the 3-position, and more particularly is cis to the NR 2 group. In particular embodiments, A is a group (ia) in which n is 1 and R 3 is hydrogen or hydroxy. More particularly where A is 3-hydroxy-piperidin-4-yl the configuration is (3R,4S) or (3S,4R). Alternatively and more particularly where A is piperidin-4-yl the configuration is (3R,4S).
  • X is CR 4 R 8 and R 8 is H and R 4 is H or OH and more particularly OH is trans to R 7 .
  • W 1 is a bond.
  • R 7 is H.
  • W 1 is a bond
  • W 2 and W 3 are both CH 2 and R 7 is H.
  • A is 4-hydroxypyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl, in a particular aspect the configuration is (3S,4S).
  • A is pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl, in a particular aspect the configuration is 3S.
  • U is CH 2 .
  • R 5 is an aromatic heterocyclic ring (B) having 8-11 ring atoms including 2-4 heteroatoms of which at least one is N or NR 13 in which, in particular embodiments, Y 2 contains 2-3 heteroatoms, one of which is S and 1-2 are N, with one N bonded to X 3 .
  • the heterocyclic ring (B) has ring (a) aromatic selected from optionally substituted benzo, pyrido, pyridazino and pyrimidino and ring (b) non aromatic and Y 2 has 3-5 atoms, more particularly 4 atoms, including at least one heteroatom, with O, S, CH 2 or NR 13 bonded to X 5 where R 13 is other than hydrogen, and either NHCO bonded via N to X 3 , or O, S, CH 2 or NH bonded to X 3 .
  • the ring (a) contains aromatic nitrogen, and more particularly ring (a) is pyridine or pyrazine.
  • rings (B) include optionally substituted:
  • ⁇ is the point of attachment (a) Is Non Aromatic (2S)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-yl, (2S)-2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxine-2-yl, 3-(R,S)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-yl, 3-(R)-2,3-dihydro-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl, 3-(S)-2,3-dihydro-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl, 2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxan-2-yl, 3-substituted-3H-quinazolin-4-one-2-yl,
  • ⁇ is the point of attachment (b) Is Non Aromatic 1,1,3-trioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrol 1 6 -benzo[1,4] thiazin-6-yl, benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl, 2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6-yl, 3-substituted-3H-benzooxazol-2-one-6-yl, 3-substituted-3H-benzooxazole-2-thione-6-yl, 3-substituted-3H-benzothiazol-2-one-6-yl, 4H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-3-one-6-yl (3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-6-yl), 4H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-one-6-yl (3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4
  • R 13 is H if in ring (a) or in addition (C 1-4 )alkyl such as methyl or isopropyl when in ring (b). More particularly, in ring (b) R 13 is H when NR 13 is bonded to X 3 and (C 1-4 )alkyl when NR 13 is bonded to X 5 .
  • R 14 and R 15 are independently selected from hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, (C 1-4 ) alkyl, (C 1-4 )alkoxy, nitro and cyano. More particularly R 15 is hydrogen.
  • each R 14 is selected from hydrogen, chloro, fluoro, hydroxy, methyl, methoxy, nitro and cyano. Still more particularly R 14 is selected from hydrogen, fluorine or nitro.
  • R 14 and R 15 are each H.
  • R 5 include:
  • ⁇ is the point of attachment especially
  • alkyl includes groups having straight and branched chains, for instance, and as appropriate, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl and hexyl.
  • alkenyl should be interpreted accordingly.
  • Halo or halogen includes fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
  • Haloalkyl moieties include 1-3 halogen atoms.
  • Some of the compounds of this invention may be crystallised or recrystallised from solvents such as aqueous and organic solvents. In such cases solvates may be formed.
  • This invention includes within its scope stoichiometric solvates including hydrates as well as compounds containing variable amounts of water that may be produced by processes such as lyophilisation.
  • phrases such as “a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or N-oxide thereof” are intended to encompass the compound of formula (I), an N-oxide of formula (I), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound of formula (I), a solvate of formula (I), or any pharmaceutically acceptable combination of these.
  • a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may include a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of formula (I) that is further present as a solvate.
  • the compounds of formula (I) are intended for use in pharmaceutical compositions it will readily be understood that in particular embodiments they are provided in substantially pure form, for example at least 60% pure, more suitably at least 75% pure and particularly at least 85%, especially at least 98% pure (% are on a weight for weight basis). Impure preparations of the compounds may be used for preparing the more pure forms used in the pharmaceutical compositions; these less pure preparations of the compounds should contain at least 1%, more suitably at least 5% and more particularly from 10% of a compound of the formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or N-oxide thereof.
  • Particular compounds according to the invention include those mentioned in the examples and their pharmaceutically acceptable N-oxides, salts and solvates.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the above-mentioned compounds of formula (I) include the acid addition or quaternary ammonium salts, for example their salts with mineral acids e.g. hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulphuric nitric or phosphoric acids, or organic acids, e.g. acetic, fumaric, succinic, maleic, citric, benzoic, p-toluenesulphonic, methanesulphonic, naphthalenesulphonic acid or tartaric acids.
  • Compounds of formula (I) may also be prepared as the N-oxide. The invention extends to all such derivatives.
  • Certain of the compounds of formula (I) may exist in the form of optical isomers, e.g. diastereoisomers and mixtures of isomers in all ratios, e.g. racemic mixtures.
  • the invention includes all such forms, in particular the pure isomeric forms.
  • the invention includes enantiomers and diastereoisomers at the attachment point of NR 2 and R 3 .
  • the different isomeric forms may be separated or resolved one from the other by conventional methods, or any given isomer may be obtained by conventional synthetic methods or by stereospecific or asymmetric syntheses.
  • Certain compounds of formula (I) may also exist in polymorphic forms and the invention includes such polymorphic forms.
  • the compounds according to the present invention or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are prepared using conventional organic syntheses.
  • Suitable synthetic routes are depicted below in the following general reaction schemes.
  • the skilled artisan will appreciate that if a substituent described herein is not compatible with the synthetic methods described herein, the substituent may be protected with a suitable protecting group that is stable to the reaction conditions.
  • the protecting group may be removed at an necessary or suitable point in the reaction sequence to provide a desired intermediate or target compound.
  • Suitable protecting groups and the methods for protecting and de-protecting different substituents using such suitable protecting groups are well known to those skilled in the art; examples of which may be found in T. Greene and P. Wuts, Protecting Groups in Chemical Synthesis (3rd ed.), John Wiley & Sons, NY (1999).
  • a substituent may be specifically selected to be reactive under the reaction conditions used. Under these circumstances, the reaction conditions convert the selected substituent into another substituent that is either useful as an intermediate compound or is a desired substituent in a target compound.
  • L is a leaving group or -A(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), where Q 1 and Q 2 are both attached to the same carbon atom on A, Q 1 is H and Q 2 is N(R 20 )R 2′ or Q 1 and Q 2 together form ethylenedioxy or oxo, R 20 is UR 5 or a group convertible thereto and R 2′ is R 2 or a group convertible thereto,
  • A, R 1b , R 2 , U and R 5 are as defined in formula (I), with (i) ethyl bromoacetate followed by cyclisation and oxidation or (ii) ethyl oxoacetate followed by cyclisation, to give a compound of formula (IIIA):
  • the reaction variant (i) is a selective alkylation with ethyl bromoacetate under basic conditions (such as potassium carbonate) (see Yoshizawa, H. et al., Heterocycles (2004), 63(8), 1757-1763 for an example of this selectivity in the alkylation of 2,3-diaminopyridines), thermal cyclisation under strong basic conditions (such as potassium t-butoxide) and then oxidation with manganese dioxide under conventional conditions (see for examples Smith, M. B.; March, J. M. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Wiley-Interscience 2001).
  • basic conditions such as potassium carbonate
  • reaction variant (ii) may be carried out in toluene and the cyclisation effected under strongly basic conditions (such as potassium t-butoxide).
  • L may be a hydroxy group which can be oxidised to the aldehyde by conventional means such as 1,1,1-tris-(acetyloxy)-1,1-dihydro-1,2-benziodooxol-3-(1H)-one for reductive alkylation with HA-N(R 20 )R 2′ under conventional conditions (see for examples Smith, M. B.; March, J. M. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Wiley-Interscience 2001).
  • L may be bromo which can be alkylated with HA-N(R 20 )R 2′ under conventional conditions.
  • the ketal may be converted to the ketone (Q 1 and Q 2 together form oxo) by conventional acid hydrolysis treatment with eg aqueous HCl or trifluoroacetic acid and the conversion to NR 2 UR 5 by conventional reductive alkylation with amine NHR 2′ R 20 (see for example Nudelman, A., et al, Tetrahedron 60 (2004) 1731-1748) and subsequent conversion to the required substituted amine, or directly with NHR 2 UR 5 , such as with sodium triacetoxyborohydride in dichloromethane/methanol.
  • R 20 and R 2′ is an N-protecting group, such as such as t-butoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl or 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl.
  • N-protecting group such as such as t-butoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl or 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl.
  • This may be removed by several methods well known to those skilled in the art (for examples see “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis , T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, Wiley-Interscience, 1999), for example conventional acid hydrolysis with, for example trifluoroacetic acid or hydrochloric acid.
  • the invention further provides compounds of formula (IIIA) in which L is -A-N(R 20 )R 2′ and R 20 is hydrogen.
  • the free amine of formula (IIIA) in which R 20 is hydrogen may be converted to NR 2 UR 5 by conventional means such as amide formation with an acyl derivative R 5 COW, for compounds where U is CO or, where U is CH 2 , by alkylation with an alkyl halide R 5 CH 2 -halide in the presence of base, acylation/reduction with an acyl derivative R 5 COW or reductive alkylation with an aldehyde R 5 CHO under conventional conditions (see for examples Smith, M. B.; March, J. M. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Wiley-Interscience 2001).
  • the appropriate reagents containing the required R 5 group are known compounds or may be prepared analogously to known compounds, see for example WO02/08224, WO02/50061, WO02/56882, WO02/96907, WO2003087098, WO2003010138, WO2003064421, WO2003064431, WO2004002992, WO2004002490, WO2004014361, WO2004041210, WO2004096982, WO2002050036, WO2004058144, WO2004087145, WO06002047, WO06014580, WO06010040, WO06017326, WO06012396, WO06017468, WO06020561, WO2004/035569, WO2004/089947, WO2003082835, WO06002047, WO06014580, WO06010040, WO06017326, WO06012396, WO060174
  • R 5 contains an NH group
  • this may be protected with a suitable N-protecting group such as t-butoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl or 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl during the coupling of the R 5 derivative with the free amine of formula (IIB).
  • the protecting group may be removed by conventional methods, such as by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid.
  • L is a leaving group or -A(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), where Q 1 and Q 2 are both attached to the same carbon atom on A, Q 1 is H and Q 2 is N(R 20 )R 2′ or Q 1 and Q 2 together form ethylenedioxy or oxo, R 20 is UR 5 or a group convertible thereto and R 2′ is R 2 or a group convertible thereto,
  • A, R 1a , R 2 , U and R 5 are as defined in formula (I), with (i) ethyl bromoacetate followed by cyclisation and oxidation or (ii) ethyl oxoacetate followed by cyclisation, to give a compound of formula (IIIB):
  • the invention further provides compounds of formula (IIIB) in which L is -A-N(R 20 )R 2′ and R 20 is hydrogen.
  • Chloropyridine (2) can be reacted with allylamine to give (3) which can then be cyclised with bromine generating pyridone (4) after a hydrolytic workup (see Schmid, S et al, Synthesis, 2005 (18), 3107). Displacement with H-A(Q 1 )(Q 2 ) gives (5) and hydrogenation of (5) over Pd/C can give amine (6).
  • the starting material may be prepared by reduction of compound (3) from Scheme 1 with sodium methoxide and then reduction with tin (II) chloride or sodium dithionite. Cyclisation of (IVA) with propiolate esters gives (19) (Scheme 2) (see Kalyanam, N. et al, Indian Journal of Chemistry, Section B: Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry (1992), 31B(7), 415-420).
  • Conversion to the epoxide (5) can be effected in a number of ways—reaction with epichlorohydrin under basic conditions affords racemic epoxide.
  • Reaction with (commercially available) R or S-glycidyl nosylate ((2R)- or (2S)-2-oxiranylmethyl 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate) or (2R)- or (2S)-2-oxiranylmethyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate with base eg sodium hydride or potassium t-butoxide, gives the corresponding chiral epoxides.
  • allylation with allyl bromide under basic conditions affords the corresponding N-allyl material which can be epoxidised under standard achiral or chiral conditions to give the corresponding achiral or chiral epoxides.
  • the epoxide(s) (5) may be opened with amine H-A(Q 1 )(Q 2 ) such as 1,1-dimethylethyl 4-piperidinylcarbamate by heating in DMF to afford (6) which can then be cyclised with methanesulphonic anhydride to give (7).
  • Oxidation to (8) may be carried out by oxidation with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ). Subsequent conversion to compounds of formula (I) may be carried out as generally described herein. In particular, conversion of L to A(Q 1 )(Q 2 ) may be carried out on (7) or (8).
  • epoxide (5) may be prepared from (2) by first introducing a suitable epoxide precursor group (—CH 2 —CHOH—CH 2 OH, protected as a cyclic ester) before carrying out the steps (b) and (c).
  • the invention further provides compounds of formula (8) from Scheme 3 in which L is -A-N(R 20 )R 2′ and R 20 is hydrogen.
  • nitropyridine (1) Reaction of nitropyridine (1) with ammonia affords nitro-pyridine (2) which is reduced to bis-aniline (3).
  • R 1a , R 1b , R 2 , A and R 5 are conventional.
  • suitable conventional hydroxy protecting groups which may be removed without disrupting the remainder of the molecule include acyl and alkylsilyl groups. N-protecting groups are removed by conventional methods.
  • R 1a and R 1b groups may be carried out conventionally, on compounds of formula (I).
  • R 1a or R 1b methoxy is convertible to R 1a or R 1b hydroxy by treatment with lithium and diphenylphosphine (general method described in Ireland et al, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1973, 7829) or HBr.
  • Alkylation of the hydroxy group with a suitable alkyl derivative bearing a leaving group such as halide yields R 1a or R 1b substituted alkoxy.
  • R 1a or R 1b halo such as bromo may be converted to cyano by treatment with copper (I) cyanide in N,N-dimethylformamide.
  • R 1a or R 1b carboxy may be obtained by conventional hydrolysis of R 1a or R 1b cyano, and the carboxy converted to hydroxymethyl by conventional reduction.
  • HA-N(R 20 )R 2′ are known compounds or may be prepared analogously to known compounds, see for example WO2004/035569, WO2004/089947, WO02/08224, WO02/50061, WO02/56882, WO02/96907, WO2003087098, WO2003010138, WO2003064421, WO2003064431, WO2004002992, WO2004002490, WO2004014361, WO2004041210, WO2004096982, WO2002050036, WO2004058144, WO2004087145, WO2003082835, WO2002026723, WO06002047 and WO06014580, WO06134378, WO06137485, WO07016610, WO07081597, WO07071936, WO07115947, WO07118130, WO07122258, WO08006648, WO08003690
  • the antibacterial compounds according to the invention may be formulated for administration in any convenient way for use in human or veterinary medicine, by analogy with other antibacterials/antitubercular compounds.
  • compositions of the invention may be formulated for administration by any route and include those in a form adapted for oral, topical or parenteral use and may be used for the treatment of bacterial infection including tuberculosis in mammals including humans.
  • compositions may be in the form of tablets, capsules, powders, granules, lozenges, suppositories, creams or liquid preparations, such as oral or sterile parenteral solutions or suspensions.
  • topical formulations of the present invention may be presented as, for instance, ointments, creams or lotions, eye ointments and eye or ear drops, impregnated dressings and aerosols, and may contain appropriate conventional additives such as preservatives, solvents to assist drug penetration and emollients in ointments and creams.
  • the formulations may also contain compatible conventional carriers, such as cream or ointment bases and ethanol or oleyl alcohol for lotions.
  • suitable conventional carriers such as cream or ointment bases and ethanol or oleyl alcohol for lotions.
  • Such carriers may be present as from about 1% up to about 98% of the formulation. More usually they will form up to about 80% of the formulation.
  • Tablets and capsules for oral administration may be in unit dose presentation form, and may contain conventional excipients such as binding agents, for example syrup, acacia, gelatin, sorbitol, tragacanth, or polyvinylpyrrolidone; fillers, for example lactose, sugar, maize-starch, calcium phosphate, sorbitol or glycine; tabletting lubricants, for example magnesium stearate, talc, polyethylene glycol or silica; disintegrants, for example potato starch; or acceptable wetting agents such as sodium lauryl sulphate.
  • the tablets may be coated according to methods well known in normal pharmaceutical practice.
  • Oral liquid preparations may be in the form of, for example, aqueous or oily suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups or elixirs, or may be presented as a dry product for reconstitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use.
  • Such liquid preparations may contain conventional additives, such as suspending agents, for example sorbitol, methyl cellulose, glucose syrup, gelatin, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, aluminium stearate gel or hydrogenated edible fats, emulsifying agents, for example lecithin, sorbitan monooleate, or acacia; non-aqueous vehicles (which may include edible oils), for example almond oil, oily esters such as glycerine, propylene glycol, or ethyl alcohol; preservatives, for example methyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate or sorbic acid, and, if desired, conventional flavouring or colouring agents.
  • suspending agents for example sorbitol, methyl cellulose, glucose syrup, gelatin, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, aluminium stearate gel or hydrogenated edible fats, emulsifying agents, for example lecithin, sorbitan monooleate, or
  • Suppositories will contain conventional suppository bases, e.g. cocoa-butter or other glyceride.
  • fluid unit dosage forms are prepared utilizing the compound and a sterile vehicle, water being preferred.
  • the compound depending on the vehicle and concentration used, can be either suspended or dissolved in the vehicle.
  • the compound can be dissolved in water for injection and filter sterilised before filling into a suitable vial or ampoule and sealing.
  • agents such as a local anaesthetic, preservative and buffering agents can be dissolved in the vehicle.
  • the composition can be frozen after filling into the vial and the water removed under vacuum.
  • the dry lyophilized powder is then sealed in the vial and an accompanying vial of water for injection may be supplied to reconstitute the liquid prior to use.
  • Parenteral suspensions are prepared in substantially the same manner except that the compound is suspended in the vehicle instead of being dissolved and sterilization cannot be accomplished by filtration.
  • the compound can be sterilised by exposure to ethylene oxide before suspending in the sterile vehicle.
  • a surfactant or wetting agent is included in the composition to facilitate uniform distribution of the compound.
  • the quantity of the compound or composition of the present invention administered will vary depending on the patient and the mode of administration and can be any effective amount.
  • Treatment regimen for the administration of the compounds and/or compositions of the present invention can also be determined readily by those with ordinary skill in art.
  • the quantity of the compound and/or composition of the present invention administered may vary over a wide range to provide in a unit dosage an effective amount based upon the body weight of the patient per day to achieve the desired effect.
  • compositions may contain from 0.1% by weight, preferably from 10-60% by weight, of the active material, depending on the method of administration. Where the compositions comprise dosage units, each unit will preferably contain from 50-1000 mg of the active ingredient.
  • the dosage as employed for adult human treatment will preferably range from 100 to 3000 mg per day, for instance 1500 mg per day depending on the route and frequency of administration. Such a dosage corresponds to about 1.5 to about 50 mg/kg per day. Suitably the dosage is from 5 to 30 mg/kg per day.
  • composition of the present invention is presented as a unit dose and taken preferably from 1 to 5 times daily, most preferably once daily to achieve the desired effect.
  • the compounds, and/or or compositions of the present invention can be administered orally, intravascularly, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly or topically.
  • the composition is adapted for oral administration.
  • the compounds and/or compositions prepared according to the present invention can be used to treat warm blooded animals, such as mammals, which include humans.
  • the compound of formula (I) may be the sole therapeutic agent in the compositions of the invention or a combination with other antibacterials including antitubercular compounds. If the other antibacterial is a ⁇ -lactam then a ⁇ -lactamase inhibitor may also be employed.
  • Compounds of formula (I) may be used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by a wide range of organisms including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, such as upper and/or lower respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections and/or urinary tract infections.
  • Compounds of formula (I) may be also used in the treatment of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis .
  • Some compounds of formula (I) may be active against more than one organism. This may be determined by the methods described herein.
  • the present invention relates to methods for treating Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof novel Tricyclic nitrogen containing compounds and corresponding pharmaceutical compositions as described herein.
  • the present invention relates to a method for treating Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I):
  • Z 1 and Z 2 are independently selected from CH and N;
  • R 1a and R 1b are independently selected from hydrogen; halogen; cyano; (C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 1-6 )alkylthio; trifluoromethyl; trifluoromethoxy; carboxy; hydroxy optionally substituted with (C 1-6 )alkyl or (C 1-6 )alkoxy-substituted(C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 1-6 )alkoxy-substituted(C 1-6 )alkyl; hydroxy (C 1-6 )alkyl; an amino group optionally N-substituted by one or two (C 1-6 )alkyl, formyl, (C 1-6 )alkylcarbonyl or (C 1-6 )alkylsulphonyl groups; and aminocarbonyl wherein the amino group is optionally substituted by (C 1-4 )alkyl; provided that R 1a and R 1b are H when Z 2 or Z
  • R 3 is as defined for R 1a and R 1b or is oxo and n is 1 or 2: or A is a group (ii)
  • W 1 , W 2 and W 3 are CR 4 R 8
  • W 2 and W 3 are CR 4 R 8 and W 1 represents a bond between W 3 and N.
  • X is O, CR 4 R 8 , or NR 6 ;
  • R 4 is as defined for R 1a and R 1b and the remainder and R 8 are hydrogen or one R 4 and R 8 are together oxo and the remainder are hydrogen;
  • R 6 is hydrogen or (C 1-6 )alkyl; or together with R 2 forms Y;
  • R 7 is hydrogen; halogen; hydroxy optionally substituted with (C 1-6 )alkyl; or (C 1-6 )alkyl;
  • Y is CR 4 R 8 CH 2 ; CH 2 CR 4 R 8 ; (C ⁇ O); CR 4 R 8 ; CR 4 R 8 (C ⁇ O); or (C ⁇ O)CR 4 R 8 ;
  • U is selected from CO, and CH 2 and
  • R 5 is an optionally substituted bicyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system (B):
  • X 1 is C or N when part of an aromatic ring, or CR 14 when part of a non-aromatic ring;
  • X 2 is N, NR 13 , O, S(O) x , CO or CR 14 when part of an aromatic or non-aromatic ring or may in addition be CR 14 R 15 when part of a non aromatic ring;
  • X 3 and X 5 are independently N or C;
  • Y 1 is a 0 to 4 atom linker group each atom of which is independently selected from N, NR 13 , O, S(O) x , CO and CR 14 when part of an aromatic or non-aromatic ring or may additionally be CR 14 R 15 when part of a non aromatic ring;
  • Y 2 is a 2 to 6 atom linker group, each atom of Y 2 being independently selected from N, NR 13 , O, S(O) x , CO, CR 14 when part of an aromatic or non-aromatic ring or may additionally be CR 14 R 15 when part of a non aromatic ring;
  • each of R 14 and R 15 is independently selected from: H; (C 1-4 )alkylthio; halo; carboxy(C 1-4 )alkyl; (C 1-4 )alkyl; (C 1-4 )alkoxycarbonyl; (C 1-4 )alkylcarbonyl; (C 1-4 )alkoxy (C 1-4 )alkyl; hydroxy; hydroxy(C 1-4 )alkyl; (C 1-4 )alkoxy; nitro; cyano; carboxy; amino or aminocarbonyl optionally mono- or di-substituted by (C 1-4 )alkyl; or
  • R 14 and R 15 may together represent oxo
  • each R 13 is independently H; trifluoromethyl; (C 1-4 )alkyl optionally substituted by hydroxy, (C 1-6 )alkoxy, (C 1-6 )alkylthio, halo or trifluoromethyl; (C 2-4 )alkenyl; (C 1-4 )alkoxycarbonyl; (C 1-4 )alkylcarbonyl; (C 1-6 )alkylsulphonyl; aminocarbonyl wherein the amino group is optionally mono or disubstituted by (C 1-4 )alkyl; and
  • each x is independently 0, 1 or 2; or
  • the present invention relates to a method, where in the compound of Formula I:
  • the present invention relates to a method, where R 1a is hydrogen and R 1b is hydrogen as defined for compound of Formula I.
  • the present invention relates to a method, wherein in the compound of Formula I:
  • A is (ia), n is 1 and R 3 is H or hydroxy in the 3-position;
  • A is (ii), X is CR 4 R 8 and R 8 is H and R 4 is H or OH; or
  • A is (ii), X is O, R 7 is H and W 1 , W 2 and W 3 are each CH 2 .
  • the present invention relates to a method, where A is piperidin-4-yl or pyrrolidin-4-ylmethyl as defined for compound of Formula I.
  • the present invention relates to a method, wherein U is CH 2 as defined for compound of Formula I.
  • R 5 is an aromatic heterocyclic ring (B) having 8-11 ring atoms including 2-4 heteroatoms of which at least one is N or NR 13 in which Y 2 contains 2-3 heteroatoms, one of which is S and 1-2 are N, with one N bonded to X 3 , or
  • the heterocyclic ring (B) has ring (a) aromatic selected from optionally substituted benzo, pyrido, pyridazino and pyrimidino and ring (b) non aromatic and Y 2 has 3-5 atoms, including at least one heteroatom, with O, S, CH 2 or NR 13 bonded to X 5 where R 13 is other than hydrogen, and either NHCO bonded via N to X 3 , or O, S, CH 2 or NH bonded to X 3 .
  • the present invention relates to a method, where in the compound of Formula I:
  • R 5 is selected from:
  • the present invention relates to a method, wherein in the compound of Formula I:A is selected from:
  • the present invention relates to a method for treating Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition which comprises an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I):
  • substituents A, R 1a , R 1b , R 2 , R 5 , Z 1 and Z 2 are as defined in claim 1 ; and pharmaceutically acceptable excipient(s).
  • the present invention relates to a method for treating Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of:
  • L is -A-N(R 20 )R 2′ and R 20 is hydrogen
  • R 2′ is R 2 or a group convertible thereto and
  • A, R 2 , R 1a and R 1b are as defined in claim 1 .
  • the present invention relates to a method for treating Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a compound of:
  • L is -A-N(R 20 )R 2′ and R 20 is hydrogen
  • R 2′ is R 2 or a group convertible thereto and A
  • R 2 , R 1a and R 1b are as defined in claim 1 ; and pharmaceutically acceptable excipient(s).
  • the present invention relates to a method for treating Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound as shown below:
  • the present invention relates to a method for treating Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound as shown below:
  • the present invention relates to a method for treating Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition which comprises:
  • the present invention relates to a method for treating Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound (2R)-2-( ⁇ 4-[(3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-c]pyridin-6-ylmethyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl ⁇ methyl)-1,2-dihydro-3H,8H-2a,5,8a-triazaacenaphthylene-3,8-dione:
  • the present invention relates to a method for treating Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound (2R)-2-( ⁇ 4-[(3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-c]pyridin-6-ylmethyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl ⁇ methyl)-1,2-dihydro-3H,8H-2a,5,8a-triazaacenaphthylene-3,8-dione:
  • the present invention relates to a method for treating Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition which comprises:
  • TFA trifluoroacetic acid
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • Pd/C palladium on carbon catalyst
  • DCM dichloromethane
  • MeOH refers to methanol
  • DMF dimethylformamide
  • EtOAc ethylacetate
  • DDQ 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone
  • NaBH(OAc) 3 refers to sodium triacetoxyborohydride
  • Pd 2 (dba) 3 refers to tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0).
  • MP-carbonate refers to macroporous triethylammonium methylpolystyrene carbonate (Argonaut Technologies).
  • Amberlyst®A21 is a weakly basic, macroreticular resin with alkyl amine functionality, ®Registered trademark of Rohm & Haas Co.
  • AD mix alpha is prepared by mixing potassium osmate (K 2 OsO 4 .2H 2 O) (0.52 g), (3a,9R,3′′′a,4′′′b,9′′′R)-9,9′-[1,4-phthalazinediylbis(oxy)]bis[6′-(methyloxy)-10,11-dihydrocinchonan] [(DHQ) 2 PHAL] (5.52 g), then adding potassium ferricyanide [K 3 Fe(CN) 6 ] (700 g) and powdered potassium carbonate (294 g). This mixture is stirred in a blender for 30 minutes. This provides approximately 1 kg of AD mix alpha, which is commercially available from Aldrich. See K.
  • AD mix beta is the corresponding mixture prepared with (9S,9′′′S)-9,9′-[1,4-phthalazinediylbis(oxy)]bis[6′-(methyloxy)-10,11-dihydrocinchonan][(DHQD) 2 PHAL].
  • AD mix alpha/beta is referred to, this is a 1:1 mixture of the alpha and beta mix.
  • Celite® is a filter aid composed of acid-washed diatomaceous silica, and is a trademark of Manville Corp., Denver, Colo.
  • SCX Cartridge is an ion exchange column containing strong cation exchange resin (benzene sulfonic acid) supplied by Varian, USA.
  • Chiralpak IA and Chiralpak AS-H are polysaccharide based chiral HPLC columns (Chiral Technologies Inc.).
  • Chiralpak AS-H column comprise amylose tris [(S)-alpha-methylbenzylcarbamate) coated onto 5 ⁇ m silica.
  • Chiralpak IA column comprise silica for preparative column (5 ⁇ m particle size, 21 mm ID ⁇ 250 mm L) immobilized with Amylose tris (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate).
  • Chiralpak AD and AD-H columns comprise silica for preparative columns (5 ⁇ m particle size AD-H and 10 ⁇ m particle size AD, 21 mm ID ⁇ 250 mm L; 20 ⁇ M particle size AD, 101 mm ID ⁇ 250 mm L) coated with Amylose tris (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (Chiral Technologies USA). Measured retention times are dependent on the precise conditions of the chromatographic procedures. Where quoted below in the Examples they are indicative of the order of elution.
  • Kromasil 5 micron C-18 column (21 mm ⁇ 250 mm) comprises octadecylsilane chemically bonded to 5 micron porous silica gel.
  • references to preparations carried out in a similar manner to, or by the general method of, other preparations may encompass variations in routine parameters such as time, temperature, workup conditions, minor changes in reagent amounts etc.
  • Reactions involving metal hydrides including lithium hydride, lithium aluminium hydride, di-isobutylaluminium hydride, sodium hydride, sodium borohydride and sodium triacetoxyborohydride are carried out under argon or other inert gas.
  • reaction mixture was washed with 0.2M aqueous citric acid (100 ml), saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 solution (100 ml), passed through a hydrophobic frit and evaporated to a yellow oil which was purified by chromatography on silica eluting with a 0 to 50% ethyl acetate in hexane giving a yellow solid (7.49 g, 85%).
  • the reaction was filtered through Keiselguhr, washed through with ethanol (100 ml) and the dark purple mixture was reacted immediately by treating with anhydrous potassium carbonate (1.4 g, 10 mmol) and ethyl bromoacetate (550 ul, 4.95 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 20 hours and then heated at 60° C. for 30 minutes. After 45 minutes a further 0.25 ml of ethyl bromacetate was added and heated at 60° C. for 1.5 hours. 0.25 ml of ethyl bromacetate was added and the reaction was again heated at 60° C. for 1. hour. The reaction was filtered through Keiselguhr and evaporated to dryness.
  • reaction mixture was then evaporated and dissolved in acetonitrile (10 ml), treated with sodium iodide (520 mg, 3.47 mmol) and heated at 80° C. for 0.25 h. The mixture was then cooled, evaporated was then treated with water (200 ml), extracted with 20% methanol/DCM (3 ⁇ 200 ml). The organic extracts were dried (MgSO 4 ), evaporated and chromatographed (0-10% methanol/DCM) to give the product as an orange oil (194 mg, 70%).
  • reaction was then treated with 5% aqueous potassium carbonate (100 ml), extracted with 20% methanol/DCM (3 ⁇ 200 ml). The organic extracts were dried (MgSO 4 ) and evaporated to give the product as an orange oil (159 mg, 82%).
  • Racemic O-(phenylmethyl)serine (5 g, 25.6 mmol) and potassium bromide (10.7 g, 89.6 mmol) were dissolved in ice-cooled H 2 SO 4 (2.5N) and treated with an solution of sodium nitrite (2.65 g) in water (30 ml) over 50 minutes (keeping the reaction temperature ⁇ 4° C.). The reaction was then stirred at 0° C. for 45 minutes and then at rt for 1 h, extracted with ethyl acetate (3 ⁇ 100 ml). The combined organic extracts were washed with water, brine, dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered and evaporated to give the product as a yellow oil (6 g, 90%).
  • Method 1 A solution of 1,1-dimethylethyl [1-(2-chloro-1- ⁇ [(phenylmethyl)oxy]methyl ⁇ ethyl)-4-piperidinyl](2,3-dihydro[1,4]dioxino[2,3-c]pyridin-7-ylmethyl)carbamate (101 mg, 0.190 mmol) in DMF (10 ml) was added dropwise to a solution of the sodium salt of 7-(methyloxy)-3,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one (33.8 mg, 0.190 mmol) in DMF) (10 ml) (prepared from addition of sodium hydride (9.11 mg, 0.228 mmol) to 7-(methyloxy)-3,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one (33.8 mg, 0.190 mmol) (for a preparation see Example 5(e)) in DMF (10 ml)).
  • reaction can be heated with microwave power at 160° C. for 40 mins.
  • reaction mixture was treated with saturated aqueous K 2 CO 3 (5%, 1000 ml) and extracted with DCM (3 ⁇ 500 ml). The combined organic solvents were then dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered and evaporated to give the crude product as a brown solid.
  • the reaction was repeated using a further portion of carbamate (2.889 g, 7.18 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (50 ml) with DDQ (2.444 g, 10.77 mmol).
  • the reaction was performed and worked up as above and the combined residues were chromatographed (0-100% ethyl acetate:40-60 Petroleum ether then 0-20% methanol:ethyl acetate) to give the product as a brown solid (1.532 g).
  • the crude was purified by silica chromatography using a 0-10% methanol/dichloromethane gradient to provide the desired compound as a bright orange foam (1.83 g; 57%, impure with triethylamine residues).
  • the aqueous layer was evaporated and then treated with chloroform; the solid was filtered off and the chloroform was evaporated to give 2.77 g of a yellow solid.
  • the solid was dissolved in methanol and loaded onto a SCX cartridge which was pre-wet with methanol. The cartridge was washed with methanol (50 ml) and then with 2M ammonia in methanol (50 ml). The 2M ammonia in methanol was evaporated to afford the pure product as a white solid (220 mg), presumed 2:1 mixture of R:S).
  • the title compound was prepared by dissolving the free base in DCM and treating it with 1 equivalent of 1M HCl in diethyl ether. This was then evaporated to dryness and dried in the vacuum desiccator in the presence of P 2 O 5 .
  • Example 12 1-[(4- ⁇ [(3-Oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzothiazin-6-yl)methyl]amino ⁇ -1-piperidinyl)methyl]-1,2-dihydro-4H,9H-imidazo[1,2,3-ij]-1,8-naphthyridine-4,9-dione hydrochloride (2:1 mixture of R:S)
  • the title compound was prepared by dissolving the free base in DCM/MeOH and treating it with 1 equivalent of 1M HCl in diethyl ether. This was then evaporated to dryness and dried in the vacuum desiccator in the presence of P 2 O 5 for 4 days.
  • 6-(Methyloxy)-3-nitro-2-pyridinamine (26 g, 129 mmol) was suspended in ethanol (500 ml) at room temperature under argon and then treated with palladium on carbon (15 g, 14.10 mmol) (10% paste). The reaction was stirred under 1 atm of hydrogen overnight. The reaction was filtered through a Celite pad and the pad washed with ethanol (500 ml). Ethanol was evaporated to afford the product as a purple oil (20.68 g, slightly impure).
  • 6-(Methyloxy)-2,3-pyridinediamine (21.7 g, estimated 87% purity, 136 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (500 ml) at room temperature under argon and then treated with potassium carbonate (24.38 g, 176 mmol) and ethyl bromoacetate (18.13 ml, 163 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The acetonitrile was then removed in vacuo.
  • the oil was treated with DCM (300 ml) and the insoluble impurities filtered off.
  • the DCM solution was loaded onto a 800 g silica column and eluted with 0-2% MeOH/DCM to afford 40.6 g of desired product as a brown solid (LCMS and NMR consistent with 75% desired product with 15% cyclized product 6-(methyloxy)-1,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-3(2H)-one and 6.4 g of cyclized product 6-(methyloxy)-1,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-3(2H)-one as a purple solid.
  • Phenylmethyl 6-(methyloxy)-3-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine-1(2H)-carboxylate (11 g, 35.1 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (300 ml) at room temperature under argon to give a yellow solution. The solution was then cooled with an ice bath and treated with sodium hydride (1.685 g, 42.1 mmol). The solution was allowed to warm to room temperature. After 20 minutes (2S)-2-oxiranylmethyl 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate (9.56 g, 36.9 mmol) was added.
  • Phenylmethyl 6-(methyloxy)-4-[(2R)-2-oxiranylmethyl]-3-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine-1(2H)-carboxylate was dissolved in DMF (250 ml) at room temperature and heated at 130° C. for 2 nights and at 120° C. for one night. The reaction was complete so DMF was evaporated and the residue treated with water/brine (350/50 ml) and DCM (500 ml). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted once more with DCM (500 ml).
  • the title compound was prepared by dissolving the free base in methanol/dichloromethane and treating it with 1 equivalent of 1M HCl in diethyl ether.
  • the title compound was prepared by dissolving the free base in DCM/MeOH and treating it with 1 equivalent of 1M HCl in diethyl ether. This was then evaporated to dryness and dried in the vacuum desiccator in the presence of P 2 O 5 .
  • the title compound was prepared by dissolving the free base in DCM/MeOH and treating it with 2 equivalents of 1M HCl in diethyl ether. This was then evaporated to dryness and dried in the vacuum desiccator in the presence of P 2 O 5 .
  • N-(2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)-6-(methyloxy)-3-nitro-2-pyridinamine (35.00 g, 123.6 mmol) was divided into 2 aliquots, each of which was taken up in 1,4-dioxane (500 ml) and hydrogenated over 10% Pd on carbon (paste, 1:1 w:w with water, 4.00 g) under 1 atm. hydrogen pressure, at room temperature overnight. The mixtures were filtered with suction though Celite, using an argon blanket and taking care to minimise contact of the product with air. The solution was evaporated under reduced pressure to give the title compound as a deep purple oil. This was used immediately in the next step.
  • the mixture was concentrated to ca.300 ml on a rotary evaporator using a cold water bath (some solid was precipitated during this procedure) then was stirred vigorously while solid sodium hydrogen carbonate was added in portions (caution: effervescence) until the mixture was ca. pH 8.
  • the resulting yellow solid was collected by filtration with suction, washed with water (2 ⁇ 20 ml) and air-dried to give the title compound as an amorphous yellow solid (13.805 g, 91%).
  • 1,1-Dimethylethyl ⁇ 1-[(3,8-dioxo-1,2-dihydro-3H,8H-2a,5,8a-triazaacenaphthylen-2-yl)methyl]-4-piperidinyl ⁇ carbamate (1.630 g, 4.06 mmol) was suspended in DCM (30 ml) and 4M HCl in 1,4-dioxane (15 ml) was added to give a bright yellow suspension (and gas evolution). The bright yellow mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 hour. LCMS showed no starting material remaining.
  • the racemic dihydrochloride (10.4 g) was resolved into its two enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC using a Chiralpak AD (20 microns) preparative column with 50:50:0.1 acetonitrile:methanol:isopropylamine as the mobile phase in three batches.
  • the alpha value was 3.1 and baseline resolution was observed for all 3 runs. There was no overlap fraction and both enantiomers (as the free bases) were isolated in >99.8 ee each.
  • Example 61 (45 mg, 0.811 eq.) in chloroform:methanol (9:1, v:v, 5 ml) at room temperature for 2 hours; the mixture was then treated with sodium triacetoxyborohydride (211 mg, 3.0 eq.) with vigorous stirring at room temperature for 30 mins. The mixture was quenched by addition of saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate (1 ml). DCM (10 ml) was added and vigorous stirring was continued for 10 mins, followed by separation of the phases (hydrophobic frit). The organic phase was evaporated under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica (eluting with 0-12% (2M NH 3 in MeOH) in DCM). Appropriate fractions were combined and evaporated under reduced pressure and dried on the vacuum line over the weekend to give the free base of the title compound as a pale yellow foam (70 mg, 44.3%)
  • the free base (650 mg, 1.393 mmol) was suspended in dry DCM (10 ml) and a 1M solution of hydrogen chloride in diethyl ether (1393 ⁇ L, 1.000 eq.) was added. The system was kept sealed and shaken for 1 minute then the solvents were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was dried under vacuum to give the title compound as an amorphous yellow solid (682 mg).
  • Racemic 2-[(4-amino-1-piperidinyl)methyl]-1,2-dihydro-3H,8H-2a,5,8a-triazaacenaphthylene-3,8-dione (for a preparation see Example 16A(j)) (360 mg, 1.195 mmol) was stirred with 2,3-dihydro[1,4]oxathiino[2,3-c]pyridine-7-carbaldehyde (for a synthesis see WO2004058144, Example 60) (195 mg, 0.9 eq.) in chloroform:methanol (9:1, v:v, 15 ml) at room temperature for 30 mins; the mixture was then treated with sodium triacetoxyborohydride (760 mg, 3.0 eq.) with vigorous stirring at room temperature for 30 mins.
  • sodium triacetoxyborohydride 760 mg, 3.0 eq.
  • Example 20 The title racemic hydrochloride (Example 20), 80 mg, was resolved into its two enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (using a 21 ⁇ 250 mm Chiralpak IA, (5 microns) preparative column) with 2:2:1 methanol:acetonitrile:t-butanol (containing 0.1% isopropylamine) as the mobile phase.
  • the 2R material was of 98.7% purity; further purification was effected by reverse-phase HPLC on a Kromasil 5 micron C-18 column (21 mm ⁇ 250 mm) eluted with 9:1 water (+0.1% TFA) and acetonitrile (+0.1% TFA) (3 runs) to give the di-trifluoroacetate salt (Example 19B).
  • the stereochemistry of this compound was determined by small molecule x-ray crystallography. MS (ES+) m/z 467 (MH + ).
  • sodium triacetoxyborohydride 105 mg, 3.0 equivalents
  • aqueous phase was then basified with solid potassium carbonate, extracted with 20% methanol/DCM (3 ⁇ 200 ml), these organic extracts were then dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered and evaporated to give the product as a yellow oil (6.327 g, 57%).
  • the reaction mixture was then treated with saturated aqueous bicarbonate (200 ml) and the mixture was extracted with DCM (3 ⁇ 200 ml). The combined organic solvents were then dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered, evaporated to give the crude mesylate (2.082 g, 6.987 mmol, 103% crude yield).
  • the mesylate was dissolved in dry acetonitrile (30 ml) and then treated with pyridine (1.097 ml, 13.57 mmol) and a solution of phenylmethyl (4-methyl-4-piperidinyl)carbamate (3.164 g, 12.74 mmol) in dry acetonitrile (20 ml) and heated at reflux (heating block 95° C.) for 6 h.
  • the filtrate was treated with palladium on carbon (10% paste) (0.462 g, 4.34 mmol) and and stirred under 1 atm of hydrogen for 18 h.
  • the reaction mixture was filtered through a thin pad of Kielselguhr eluting with ethanol (500 ml) and the filtrate was then evaporated to give the product as a yellow solid (1.294 g, 100%).
  • the reaction mixture was treated with saturated aqueous K 2 CO 3 (5%, 100 ml), then with DCM (100 ml) and the mixture filtered through Kieselguhr. The organic fraction was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with DCM (2 ⁇ 100 ml). The combined organic solvents were then dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered and evaporated to give the crude product as a yellow oil.
  • the title compound was prepared by: (i) treatment of [5-( ⁇ [4-(methyloxy)phenyl]methyl ⁇ oxy)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-2-pyridinyl]methyl acetate (for a synthesis see WO2004058144, Example 60(c)) with triphenylphospine, diisopropylazodicarboxylate and benzyl alcohol to give ⁇ 5-( ⁇ [4-(methyloxy)phenyl]methyl ⁇ oxy)-4-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-2-pyridinyl ⁇ methyl acetate; (ii) treatment of ⁇ 5-( ⁇ [4-(methyloxy)phenyl]methyl ⁇ oxy)-4-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-2-pyridinyl ⁇ methyl acetate with trifluoroacetic acid and triethylsilane to give ⁇ 5-hydroxy-4-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-2-pyridinyl ⁇ methyl acetate trifluoroa
  • the organic solution were combined, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • the crude material was chromatographed using a gradient of 0-60% CH 2 Cl 2 /(CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH/NH 4 OH) (90:10:1).
  • the product was isolated as a mixture of the desired product and triphenylphosphine. Pure material was obtained by triturating and washing with diethyl ether. The product was isolated as an orange solid.
  • the title di-HCl salt was formed by dissolving the free base in CH 2 Cl 2 and adding 0.113 mL 1N HCl/ether.
  • 2,3-Dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-carbaldehyde (commercially available) (16.45 mg, 0.100 mmol) was then added and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 0.5 h.
  • Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (67.1 mg, 0.301 mmol) was then added and the reaction was stirred at room temperature. After 3 h 40 mg more of sodium triacetoxyborohydride was added. After 1 h 30 mg more of sodium triacetoxyborohydride was added. After 1 h saturated NaHCO 3 (25 mL) was added followed by 20% MeOH/DCM (25 mL) and the aqueous layer was separated from the organic layer.
  • the reaction was stirred for 5 h at which time LCMS indicated a complete reaction.
  • the reaction was cooled to rt and concentrated under vacuum.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with DCM (100 mL) and washed with 25 mL of a saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 solution.
  • the organic phase was separated and dried over Na 2 SO 4 .
  • the resulting residue was purified on silica 0-10% MeOH/DCM and the title compound (805 mg, 1.539 mmol, 75% yield) was isolated as a red oil.
  • the reaction was cooled to rt, 200 mL of a 5% aqueous K 2 CO 3 solution was added and the reaction was extracted with DCM (3 ⁇ 200 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous NaCl solution; the organic layer was separated and dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and concentrated to give the crude product. The crude product was added to a silica gel column and was eluted with 0-20% MeOH/CHCl 3 to give the title compound (830 mg, 1.794 mmol, 93% yield) as a red oil.

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